Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region III
Division of City of Balanga
BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Balanga City, Bataan

March 21, 2022

Deng Xiao Ping (01:00 – 02:30 p.m.)

Detailed Lesson Plan in English 9

I. Objectives
MELCS: Judge the validity of the evidence viewed or listened to
Learning Competencies:
At the end of the lesson, 100% of the students should be able to
attain at least 75% level of proficiency to:
a. Identify the differences between faulty logic, unsupported
facts, and emotional appeal based on statements;
b. demonstrate understanding of faulty logic, unsupported facts,
and emotional appeal through video and picture analysis;
c. and develop valid reasoning in creating arguments about
women’s rights.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Recognize Faulty Logic, Unsupported Facts, and Emotional
Appeal
Reference(s): English – Grade 9. Learning Activity Sheets (LAS),
A.Y. 2021-2022
https://www.slideshare.net/chinitaewican5/despite-
differences-in-point-of-view
https://fallacyinlogic.com/hasty-generalization-
fallacy-definition-and-examples/
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-
duterte-idUSKBN29J21U
https://www.thoughtco.com/oversimplification-and-
exaggeration-fallacies-3968441
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/
fnbeh.2018 .00081/full
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CtofTCXcYI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA4xYmEr2tk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnIpG7E3eOQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ODC5e3AEa8

Material(s): PowerPoint Presentation, Google photos, Google Form,

Quizziz, Google Slides, Online Stopwatch
Values: Equality, Truth, Goodness, Justice, Valid Reasoning
Integration: Araling Panlipunan (Women Rights)

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

III. Procedures
 A. Preliminary Activities

1. Greeting
“Good afternoon, Class!” “Good afternoon, Ma’am Daniela!”

2. Prayer
‟Before we start, let us pray first.”

3. Checking of Attendance
‟If you’re present, kindly say here. (Students will open their microphones or
You can open your microphones or use our use the chatbox and say “here” as the
chatbox.” teacher calls their name)

B. Motivation

(Video Clip: Logical Fallacy)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=4CtofTCXcYI

‟What have you observed with the video ‟According to the video, vegetables
clip presented?” are bad for you, which is not true.”

‟It says that eating plants caused

dinosaurs’ extinction.”

‟Good observation!”

C. Presentation of Lesson

‟We’re going to have a crossword

puzzle activity. The words that you are
going to complete are related to our
topic.”

‟Are you ready?” ‟Yes, Ma’am.”

Direction: Read the following clues and

fill out the crossword puzzle.

Across
1. (of reasoning and other mental processes)
mistaken or misleading because of flaws.
3. use of valid reasoning
Down
2. the power of arousing a sympathetic
response
4. something that has really occurred or
true

“Today, we are going to recognize faulty

 logic, unsupported facts, and emotional
appeal and is expected to learn the
following. Can someone read the
presentation?” Learning Goals:

a. Identify the differences between

faulty logic, unsupported facts,
and emotional appeal based on
statements;
b. demonstrate understanding of
faulty logic, unsupported facts,
and emotional appeal through
video and picture analysis;
c. and develop valid reasoning in
creating arguments about women’s
rights.

D. Lesson Proper

FAULTY LOGIC, UNSUPPORTED FACTS, AND

EMOTIONAL APPEAL

⮚ FAULTY LOGIC
a) LOGIC – is the use and study of valid
reasoning, distinguishing good from bad
reasoning.(https://www.philosophybasics.
com/branch_logic.html)
b) FAULTY - (of reasoning and other
mental processes) mistaken or misleading
because of flaws. (Oxford University
Press)
FAULTY LOGIC kind of persuasive
technique having fault or imperfect
reasoning or judgment. It occurs when
words make a false connection (either
negative or positive) between ideas or
“If you describe someone's argument or people.
reasoning as faulty, it means that it is
wrong or contains mistakes. Usually, it
is because of not thinking in a logical
manner.”

Examples:

1. Fieryshells is a great restaurant:

you can see how neat and clean the place
is.

“The example shows faulty logic as the

restaurant cannot simply be said as great
just because it is clean. It may be a
neat and clean restaurant but it can also
have awful service and terrible
cuisines.”

2. Mrs. Lopez is an incompetent mother.

She always wears an apron.

“Why do you think that this statement

describes faulty logic?”
“I think that the statement is an
example of faulty logic because Mrs.
 Lopez’s competence as a mother was based
on wearing an apron. Just because she
always wears an apron does not mean she
is incompetent.

“Correct! This example shows faulty

logic as it attacks the person with
something unrelated to her competence as
a mother which in this case is her
apron.”

(Video Clip: Nestea)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=SA4xYmEr2tk
“Why do you think that makes the
advertisement a faulty logic?” “The advertisement shows faulty logic
because drinking Nestea cannot save you
from a hot seat situation.”

“Good observation, thank you. Also, just

because the man was seen with another
woman means he cheated.”

“Now, we’re moving on to the types of

faulty logic.”

TYPES OF FAULTY LOGIC

(Students will read the presentation)
a. Circular Reasoning – The writer
(speaker or ad) supports a claim with
restatements of that same claim.

Example:
1. It gives the same exact way of
teaching and the same tools to every
single person if you give the same thing
to every person.

“The statement shows illogical reasoning

because the support of the claim (giving
the same thing to every person) was
simply restating the claim (giving the
same exact tool and teaching to every
person.” 2. Eighteen-year-olds have the right to
vote because it's legal for them to
vote.
“This argument is circular because it
goes right back to the beginning:
Eighteen-year-olds have the right to
vote because it's legal. It's legal for
them to vote because they have the right
to vote. The statement begins with what
it is trying to end with.”

“Simply, circular reasoning reached a

conclusion that is not materially
different from something that was
assumed as a premise of the argument. In
other words, the argument assumes what
it is supposed to prove.”
b. Overgeneralization – The writer
reaches a conclusion from a limited
number of facts.
In overgeneralization, the speaker often
uses all, very, never, and always to
generalize an argument or a situation.”

Example:
1. Emotional intelligence is the cause
of all the things I went through.

“This statement shows overgeneralization

because there might be several factors
why a person goes through a lot of
difficulties, aside from the lack of
emotional intelligence. These factors
could be a financial factor, family
crisis, and others.”

2. Did you see that woman just run a red

light? Women are awful drivers.

“In this example, the speaker concludes

that women are awful drivers just
because she witnessed one that runs a
red light.”

“Can you give me an example of “My Nana likes to bake and drink hot
overgeneralization reasoning?” tea. When I meet your Nana, I am
surprised that she doesn't cook at all
and drinks sodas.”

“I asked five people in the street what

is their favorite color, and four of
them said blue. Therefore, 80% of the
population prefer blue over any other
color.”

“Very good!”

“Basically, you cannot claim that

something is true if you only have one
or two example or limited evidence.”

c. Self-Contradiction – The writer

states a position that contradicts an
earlier stated premise.
Example:
1. He learned that he has high emotional
intelligence, which is implicitly taught
in school, but never learned it in
school.

“In the statement, the school taught

emotional intelligence implicitly,
meaning it is learned tacitly. Now, the
speaker in the statement claimed that he
was not able to learn it in school.
Hence, this statement is self-
contradictory.” 2. I know I promised to show up today,
but I don't see why I should come if I
don't feel like it.
3. I love you and I don't love you.

“A self-contradiction is the act of

someone or something conflicting or
going against itself.”

d. False Causality - This occurs when

two events happen at the same time, and
an assumption is made that one event
causes the other. Example:
1. Every time I forget my umbrella, it
rains. Therefore, I caused the rain by
leaving my umbrella at home. So, to
guarantee a nice day I always bring my
umbrella.

“In this example, the person thinks that

the two events caused each other;
forgetting the umbrella and raining.
Whereas, rain can be caused by other
factors such as changes in weather.”

“Often a reader will mistake a time

connection for a cause-effect
relationship when none is proven to
exist.” 2. Whenever I cross paths with a black
cat, something bad happens.

“In false causality, we make false

assumptions about a thing that caused
one phenomenon to happen.”

e. Over-Simplification - This occurs

when a single cause is assumed to have
created a problem or an issue. In
reality, the problem or issue may have
been created by a number of causes. Example
1. My self-esteem was very low because
society and everyone around me think I
am an idiot.

“This example shows over-simplification

because the speaker only assumed that the
problem, low self-esteem, is caused by
the ‘thought’ people perceived him as an
idiot. However, factors for low self-
esteem are beyond the perception of other
people. There could be internal factors
as well.”

2. Education today isn't as good as it

used to be. Obviously, our teachers are
not doing their jobs.

“It cannot be denied that teacher

performance impacts the quality of
education students receive and if
someone feels unsatisfied with a child's
education, they may look to their
teachers. However, it should not suggest
that teachers are the sole or primary
cause of poor quality education.”

“Oversimplification occurs when we

attempt to make something appear simpler
by ignoring certain relevant
complexities.”

“From all the types of faulty logic, “The false causality, Ma’am. I used to
what do you often encounter or think that whenever I wear a nice
unconsciously use?” outfit, I don’t get nice pictures.”

“Mine was self-contradiction because I

 express how much I love black shirts but
complain how warm it is to the body.”

“Do you have any questions or

clarifications?”
“None, Ma’am.”

“Okay, thank you. Let us now discuss

unsupported facts.”

⮚ UNSUPPORTED FACTS
o FACT – something that
occurred or is true.
has really
UNSUPPORTED FACTS are those facts
claimed by an individual or group of
individuals that have really occurred
but with no support due to lack of
evidence.

Example:
“This is an example of unsupported fact 1. She said that you stink.
since there is no explanation why the
person is said to stink, and there is no
evidence presented that will indicate
the smell of the person.”

2. People who live in Bataan are smarter

than those who live in other provinces.

“To support this claim, this should be

backed up with evidence such as research
or studies and surveys.”

Men are According to a study

naturally conducted by Denson
more violent et. al. (2018)about
than women. aggression in women’s
behavior, brain, and
hormones; women are
just as likely to
aggress against their
romantic partner as
men are, but men
cause more serious
physical and
“We can see the difference between these psychological harm.
two statements. We can conclude that the
first one merely based on experience
while the other one underwent a
scientific and systematic study. Also,
it provides specific data that supports
the argument.”

(Video Clip: James Reid shows how to

#BeatEnergyGap with MILO Champ Moves)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=qnIpG7E3eOQ

“What have you observed with the Milo

advertisement? How does it show
unsupported fact?” “James Reid said that 4 out of 5 kids
have it without back up study.”
“Very good. Also, the advertisement lacks
content and did not stated who those four
kids are.”

⮚ EMOTIONAL APPEAL
o APPEAL – the process of arousing a
sympathetic response.
EMOTIONAL APPEAL is a method of
persuasion aiming to create an emotional
response. The speaker’s goal is to touch
the emotions of the audience to move
Emotional appeals are especially them to act.
prevalent in advertising. When fashion
magazines play on our insecurities about
body image, they are using emotional
appeals. When political ads play on our
fears, telling us that voting for
someone will lead to financial ruin or
wars, they are using emotional appeals.
(slideshare.net)

Example:
1. A mouthwash commercial shows two
people just waking up in the morning
with the words “Yuck! Morning breath,
the worst breath of the day.”
(https://pdfcoffee.com/aaaaaaadocx-pdf-
free.html

“In this example, the commercial wants

the viewers to feel bad about their
morning breath and make them “need”
mouthwash to ease the bad feeling.”

2. A college student asks his professor

to accept a late paper: "I've worked all
weekend on this report. I know that it
is past your deadline, but I have to
work fulltime while also attending
college."
“This example shows usage of emotional (https://pdfcoffee.com/aaaaaaadocx-pdf-
appeal as the student asks his professor free.html)
to accept his paper by telling him his
“pitiful” situation.”

(Video Clip: Pedigree Commercial- Echo)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=_ODC5e3AEa8

“What have you observed with the Pedigree

advertisement? Does it use emotional
appeal?”

“I think that the ads used emotional

appeal because it arouses sympathetic
“Great! Thank you.” emotions for the dog, especially those
who are animal lovers.”
“Now, we are going to have a short
activity”
Direction: Identify whether the
following statements show FAULTY LOGIC,
UNSUPPORTED FACT, or EMOTIONAL APPEAL.
Write FL for Faulty Logic, UF for
Unsupported Fact, and EA for Emotional
Appeal.
1. Your classmate said that you’re
a crybaby.
_____ 2. Young women in the Philippines
between the ages of 10 and 15 eat too
many chocolates.
_____ 3. “You eat carrots or you will
have poor eyesight,” and later
concluded, “since you ate carrots, you
will have good eyesight.”
_____ 4. A noodle company shows an
advertisement of a student eating
noodles alone. In the ad, the food
tastes like the ones her mother used to
cook for him at home.”
_____ 5. “As a director of the hospital,
my aim is to provide the best health
care services in the country. As my
first task, I will remove the services
providing less income for the hospital
and will focus on the income-generating
health care services.”

E. Application

Directions: Analyze the following

pictures and determine whether they
present faulty logic, unsupported fact,
or emotional appeal.

__________________

__________________

__________________
____________________

__________________

__________________

___________________

___________________
Directions: Look for statements or
photos that describe faulty logic,
unsupported fact, or emotional appeal.
Examine it and create arguments in
explaining your answer. ___________________

Faulty Logic Group: Workplace discrimination.

Unsupported Fact Group: Sexual and
Reproductive rights.
Emotional Appeal Group: Body image.

5 pts. 3 pts. 1 pt.

Content/ The The The
Relevance content content content
is very is clear, is not
clear, relevant, clear,
relevant, and relevant,
and insightfu and
insightfu l to the insightfu
l to the topic. l to the
topic topic.
Grammar/ The The The
Mechanics content content content
has no has one has more
grammatic (1) – two than
al or (2) three (3)
mechanica grammatic grammatic
l errors. al or al or
mechanica mechanica
l errors. l errors.

Example:
“This [presidency] is not for women. You
The statement was President Duterte’s know, the emotional set-up of a woman
message to Vice President Leni Robredo. and a man is totally different. You will
It is a harsh comment and shows faulty become a fool here. So... that is the
logic because he discriminates against sad story.”
women’s capability to lead. He states -President Rodrigo Duterte, 2021
that men and women handle situations
differently based on their emotional
set-up. Thus, he claimed that VP Robredo
will only be a fool if she becomes the
president. But her credentials and
performance say otherwise. In fact, she
has been recognized for her signature
anti-poverty program Angat Buhay and the
Office of the Vice President's (OVP)
response to COVID-19 and received the
Special Award for Public Service at the
People of the Year 2021 virtual awards
night. Hence, VP Robredo represents that
women are capable to be good leaders as
they make bold and wise decisions for
furthering economic, social, and
political progress for all.

“You are given 10 minutes to accomplish

the task.”

F. Generalization

TRIVIA:
Did you know that eating snail’s shell
can make your teeth stronger? A
snail’s shell is an exoskeleton that
protects the body of the snail from
harm, it is quite strong that
predators get hurt when attacking
snails thus, eating it helps teeth in
becoming stronger. Does it sound
weird? Trust me, eating a snail’s
shell will help you preserve your
teeth. Are you going to wait until
it’s too late for your teeth? Try it
now!
“What are your thoughts about the
trivia? Are you convinced or believed
that eating snail’s shell can make your
teeth stronger?”

“Okay, thank you.”

“Why is it important to recognize faulty

logic, unsupported fact, or emotional
appeal?”

“I think that it is not true because it

is not safe to eat snail’s shell.”

“It is important to recognize faulty

logic, unsupported fact, and emotional
appeal for us to produce factual and
valid arguments.”
“Very good. Thank you for your answers.
So, every word from your mouth amounts
“For us to not easily believe on fake
to consequences. To convince a mind to
news or other information that is being
believe what you speak, you have to be
presented to us and be critical
wise and to be careful. Likewise, with
thinkers.”
words spoken to your mind by others, you
also have to be wise and to be careful
in deciding whether to believe or not
the worth of their ideas.”

G. Assignment

Direction: Gather two (2) to three (3)

statements on each of the following:
 Faulty Logic
 Unsupported Facts
  Emotional Appeal

“Do you have any questions regarding our

lesson?”

“Okay, so accomplish this 10-item quiz

before leaving the platform.”

“I hope you learned a lot today. Thank “None, Ma’am.”

you, class. Have a great day ahead.”

“Thank you, Ma’am.”

IV. Evaluation
Direction: Identify the statements which have faulty logic,
unsupported facts, or emotional appeal. Write your answers on
the space provided.

_______ 1. You got a good grade on your essay because the

teacher likes you.
_______ 2. "Science shows that the Earth is billions of years
old!"
_______ 3. I know why you failed all your classes last
semester. You don’t study.
_______ 4. Juan is an impressive speaker because he always
impresses his listeners deeply.
_______ 5. Young men in Manila between the ages of 18 and 25
drink too much alcohol.
_______ 6. “I loved that movie we saw last night with Brad
Pitt. I am going to rent all of his movies, and I am sure
I’ll like all of them.
_______ 7. As Mayor, my top priority will be improving
education. So, my first act of office will be to cut funding
for our public schools.
_______ 8. A telephone company ad shows a small sweet
grandmother sitting patiently by the phone waiting for her
loved ones to call.
_______ 9. Students who take Earth Science instead of Physics
are lazy. Susie took Earth Science instead of Physics. She
should be kicked out of school.
_______ 10. I met a little boy with cancer who lived just 20
miles from a power line who looked into my eyes and said, in
his weak voice, ―Please do whatever you can so that other
kids won’t have to go through what I am going through.
Key Answers:
1. FAULTY LOGIC 6. UNSUPPORTED FACT
2. UNSUPPORTED FACT 7. FAULTY LOGIC
3. UNSUPPORTED FACT 8. EMOTIONAL APPEAL
4. FAULTY LOGIC 9. UNSUPPORTED FACT
5. UNSUPPORTED FACT 10.EMOTIONAL APPEAL

V. Reflection