STATES OF MATTER

There are 3 main states of matter:

SOLID
Particles are closely packed in an
orderly arrangement, vibrating and
rotating about a fixed position
Very strong forces of attraction
between the particles
Fixed shape and volume
Incompressible

LIQUID
Particles are closely packed, but are
in a disorderly arrangement, and
can move freely
Strong forces of attraction between
the particles
Unfixed shape, but fixed volume
Incompressible

GAS
Particles are far apart in a
disorderly arrangement, and travel
at high speeds in random directions
Very weak forces of attraction
between the particles
Unfixed shape, unfixed volume
Compressible

CHANGES IN STATE
sublimation
melting vaporisation

solid liquid gas

freezing condensation

deposition

During change of state, temperature of matter remains

constant. In heating, thermal energy is absorbed to
overcome forces of attraction between particles. In cooling,
thermal energy loss is compensated by thermal energy
released during formation of forces of attraction. A mixture
of the two states involved exist during a change in state.

Vaporisation includes both evaporation and boiling:

Evaporation Boiling
Occurs only at the surface Occurs all throughout the
of a liquid liquid at once
Can happen at a range of Only occurs at the boiling
temperatures below the b.p* point of the liquid
Causes cooling in the rest of No change in temperature
the liquid Faster, effervescence is
Slower; no effervescence produced
*boiling point

Citations Particle Diagrams taken from:

Infographic made on canva.com https://www.teachoo.com/12513/3426/Difference- Done by Keagan, Ansley,
Temperature Icons taken from flaticon.com between-Solid--Liquid--Gas/category/Extra-Questions/ Kieran, Ngoc My - CHE510H