CE 3201-LECTURE NOTES 2

CRACKED AND UNCRACKED TRANSFORMED SECTIONS

Sample Problem 1.
A rectangular beam has dimensions of 250 mm by 625 mm with
an effective depth of 575 mm and is reinforced with three 25 mm  so
that As = 1473 mm2. The concrete cylinder strength fc’ = 27.6 MPa
and the tensile strength in bending (modulus of rupture) is 3.28 MPa.
The yield point of the steel is 414.7 MPa. The beam carries a bending
moment of 61 kN. m. Es = 200,000 MPa.
E c = 4700 f c' . Use Uncracked transformed section method. (a)
Compute the concrete compression stress at the top. (b) Compute
the concrete tension stress at the bottom, and (c) compute the stress
in the steel.

Solution:

(a) Concrete compressive stress:

(b) Concrete tensile stress:

(c) Stress in steel:

Sample Problem 2.

Solution:

Sample Problem 3.
Solution:
 ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN (USD)
Shear and Moment Coefficients for Continues Beams

As an alternate to frame analysis, the following approximate moments and

shears shall be permitted to be used in design of continuous beams and
one-way slabs (slabs reinforced to resist flexural stresses in only one
direction)

Limitations of shear and moment coefficient for

continuous beams:
1. There are two or more spans.
2. Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two
adjacent spans not greater than the shorter by more
than 20 percent.
3. Loads are uniformly distributed.
4. Unfactored live load, L, does not exceed three times
unfactored dead load, D.
5. Members are prismatic.

For calculating negative moments, ln is taken as the

average of the adjacent clear span lengths.
POSITIVE MOMENT:

EDGE SPANS

wu ln2
Discontinuous end unrestrained +
11
wu ln2
Discontinuous end unrestrained +
14
wln2
INTERIOR SPANS +
16

NEGATIVE MOMENT:
A exterior face of first interior supports
wu ln2
a ) Two spans −
9
w l2
b) More than two spans − un
10
w l2
c) At other faces of interior supports − un
9
d ) At face of all supports for: slabs with
spans not exceeding 3 m.; and beams
where ratio of sum of column stiffnesses to
beam stiffness exceeds eights at each end
wu ln2
of the spanTwo spans −
12

At interior face of exterior support for members built integrally with

supports:

wu ln2
a ) where support is a spandrel beam −
24
wu ln2
b) where support is a column −
16

SHEAR:

1.15wu ln
a ) At face of first interior support
2
wu ln
b) At face of all other supports
1

Span Length

1. Span length of members not built integrally with supports shall be

considered the clear span plus depth of member but need not exceed
distance between centers of supports.
2. In analysis of frames of continuous construction for determination of
moments, span length shall be taken as the distance center to center
of supports.
3. For beams built integrally with supports, design on the basis of
moment at faces of support shall be permitted.
Sample Problem 1.
Sample Problem 2.
Sample Problem 3.
Distribution of Dead and Live Loads of Continuous
Beam

Sample Problem 1.

Solution:
LOAD DISTRIBUTION FOR BEAMS
Sample Problem 1.

Solution:
Sample Problem 2.
Sample Problem 3.
Sample Problem 4.
Sample Problem 5.
Sample Problem 1.
NOTE 2020 NSCP Specifications
Tension- Controlled Section
Sample Problem.
If  t  0.005 then it tension-controlled section (from step 3)
t 0.003
=
308.71 128.79
 t = 0.00719  0.005 (This is a tension-controlled section)
For tension control section use  =0.90 strength reduction factor