MCRKYCF RNFLCG^M^CF
CQ^GCF ENIOLCFCF RYCEKFQNRQO
LO ^R\L R^QENQJCQ \KLCFCF ECI^RC\NF IMKYC

^ftue Jnjnfugo Rnrsycrctcf Qtchn Rrcfoecg

Losusuf kmng 4
QO\O CY_CFO
FOJ R3118<9<7929>0

RYKHYCJ Q\^LO RYK@NQO IOLCF D^Y^QCF ENIOLCFCF

RKMO\NEFOE ENQNGC\CF ENJNF\NYOCF

ENQNGC\CF QNJCYCFH
 

9293/9299
MNJICY RNFHNQCGCF

Mcpkrcf
Mcpkrcf Rnflcgumucf
Rnflcgumucf Csugcf Eniolcfcf Rrcfoecg
Rrcfoecg tnmcg lopnroesc
lopnroesc lcf loscgecf
loscgecf pclc tcfhhcm
  9293.

Imkrc, 9293

Rnjiojiofh Emofoe  Rrcetoecf

Nflcg Egkrum S, Cjl.Eni Qoto Crycfo

22<3??3299223
 FOR.3?79283> 92382< 9 22<3??3299223  FOJ 4 R3118<9<7929>0

Jnfhntcguo

Rnjiojiofh Ofstotuso,

Lr. Jnmycfc Furum X, Q.Qo\., J.Ens

  FOR. 3?8?2?21 922939 9 229
 

ICI 3

RNFLCG^M^CF

3. Mctc
Mctcrr Inm
Inmce
cecf
cfh
h
Rrcekfsnpso inrcscm lcro luc ectc ycefo prc lcf ekfsnpso. Rrc crtofyc
sninmuj (Qntocwcf, 9238). Ekfsnpso ctcu pnjiucgcf clcmcg inrtnjufyc snm tnmur 
(kvuj) lnfhcf spnrjc (spnrjctkzkc) (Rurwcflcro, 9233). Rrcekfsnpso clcmcg
jcsc
jcsc sninmu
sninmuj
j engcjo
engcjomcf
mcf tnrdcl
tnrdclo.
o. Qngofh
Qngofhhc
hc Jcs
Jcscc prcekfs
prcekfsnps
npsoo jnrupce
jnrupcecf
cf jcsc
jcsc
sninmuj
sninmuj gcjom.
gcjom. Rnrnjpucf
Rnrnjpucf prcekfsnpso
prcekfsnpso locsujsoecf
locsujsoecf snichco pnrnjpucf
pnrnjpucf lnwcsc ctcu
 pnrnjpucf usoc suiur ycfh socp jnfdclo snkrcfh oiu (Fosc, 9237).
9237).
Jcsc prcekfsnpso jnrupcecf pnrokln erotos lcmcj jnfacpco golup ycfh sngct,
tnrutcjc icho pcscfhcf ycfh cecf jnjicfhuf rujcg tcfhhc. Rrcekfsnpso tnrloro ctcs
luc ectc, ycotu prc lcf ekfsnpso. Rrc inrcrto sninmuj lcf ekfsnpso inrcrto pnrtnjucf snm
kvuj lcf snm spnrjc sngofhhc tnrdclo pnjiucgcf. Qnacrc gcr`ocg prcekfsnpso clcmcg
 pnrokln sninmuj tnrdclofyc pnjiucgcf ycotu pnrtnjucf snm spnrjc lnfhcf kvuj.
Rnrokln prcekfsnpso jnjomoeo rnftcfh wcetu lcro tohc iumcf gofhhc sctu tcguf sninmuj
ekfsnpso, tntcpo olncmfyc gcrus jnfaceup wcetu scct kvuj lcf spnrjc jctur, ycotu 322
gcro sninmuj ekfsnpso. Qtctus hozo lcmcj euruf wcetu tohc scjpco nfcj iumcf pclc jcsc
 prcekfsnpso jnrupcecf pnfnftu icho ekfloso icyo ycfh cecf lomcgorecf. Xcfotc

 prcekfsnpso locsujsoecf snichco wcfotc lnwcsc ctcu wcfotc usoc suiur (X^Q) ycfh
sulcg
sulcg socp
socp jnfdcl
jnfdcloo snkrcf
snkrcfh
h oiu.
oiu. Rclc jcsc
jcsc prcekfs
prcekfsnps
npsoo eniutug
eniutugcf
cf hozo
hozo pclc
pclc X^Q
tnftufyc inrinlc lnfhcf enmkjpke rnjcdc, cfce-cfce jcupuf mcfsoc. Rrcsycrct hozo
snjpurfc pclc jcsc prcekfsnpso jnrupcecf eufao enmcgorcf icyo fkrjcm lcf sngct
(Qojktupcfh, 9237).
Rnmcycfcf ensngctcf jcsc sninmuj gcjom, jnfurut Rnrcturcf Jnftnro Ensngctcf
 Fkjkr ?8 \cguf 923<, clcmcg sntocp enhoctcf lcf/ctcu snrcfhecocf enhoctcf ycfh
lotuduecf pclc pnrnjpucf scct rnjcdc gofhhc sninmuj gcjom lcmcj rcfhec jnfyocpecf
 pnrnjpucf lcmcj jnfdcmcfo engcjomcf, pnrscmofcf, lcf jnmcgorecf icyo ycfh sngct.
 

Enhoctcf duhc lotuduecf pclc mceo-mceo duhc lcpct jnjpnfhcrugo ensngctcf rnprklueso
 pnrnjpucf (Enjnftnrocf ensngctcf Ynpuimoe Oflkfnsoc, 923<).

Rnmcycfcf ensngctcf prcekfsnpso jnrupcecf strctnho ensngctcf jcsycrcect uftue 

jnjpnricoeo
jnjpnricoeo stctus ensngctcf
ensngctcf lcf hozo snrtc jnfurufecf
jnfurufecf cfhec enjctocf
enjctocf oiu lcf cfce.
Gcm ofo jnfdclo
jnfdclo pnftofh
pnftofh ecrnfc stctus hozo wcfotc sninmuj ekfsnpso lcpct jnjnfhcrugo
jnjnfhcrugo
 prksns pnrenjicfhcf erotos pclc jcsc engcjomcf lcf cfce ycfh lomcgorecffyc.
Eneurcfhcf hozo pclc oiu egususfyc zct hozo joerk snpnrto zct inso, snfh, jchfnsouj,
tnjichc
tnjichc,, cscj
cscj `kmct,
`kmct, yklouj
yklouj jnfhceo
jnfhceoict
ictecf
ecf enhuhur
enhuhurcf,
cf, aca
acact
ct icwccf,
icwccf, gopnrt
gopnrtnfs
nfsoo
engcjomcf, entuicf pnacg lofo, tnrmnpcsfyc pmcsnftc, enmcgorcf prnjctur, icyo mcgor jcto,
 inrct iclcf mcgor rnflcg (IIMY), hcfhhucf pnrtujiugcf lcf pnrenjicfhcf cfce,<snrtc
jnfyniciecf pnfyceot snpnrto pnfyceot dcftufh ekrkfnr, gopnrtnfso, lcf locintns jnmmotus
topn 9 lo usoc lnwcsc (\gcgc, 9238).

Jnjprkjksoecf ensngctcf enmucrhc  prcekfsnpso jnrupcecf strctnho ycfh  pnftofh

uftue jnfofhectecf eucmotcs  cfce ycfh cecf lomcgorecf snecmohus   lcpct jnjicftu pclc
upcyc pnfurufcf
pnfurufcf  ens
ensceo
ceotcf
tcf lcf enjcto
enjctocf
cf oiu lcf icyo..
icyo.. Ekf
Ekfsnm
snmofh
ofh prcekf
prcekfsnp
snpso
so clcmcg
clcmcg
ekjpkfnf pnftofh lcmcj pnmcycfcf ensngctcf prc ekfsnpso. Jnmcmuo ekfsnmofh, pnjinro
 pnmcycfcf jnfloloe lcf jnrnekjnflcsoecf strctnho-strctnho uftue jnfofhectecf ensngctcf
oiu lcf dcfof
Rrkhrc
Rrkhrcj
j ycfh loenji
loenjicfhe
cfhecf
cf pnjnro
pnjnroftc
ftcg
g scct
scct ofo snicho
snichocf
cf inscr
inscr lojumc
lojumcoo sntnmc
sntnmcg
g
 pcscfhcf tnrsniut jnfdcmcfo engcjomcf joscmfyc prkhrcj futroso snroiu gcro pnrtcjc
engolupcf,
engolupcf, prkhrcj
prkhrcj R<E (pnrnfacfccf
(pnrnfacfccf pnrscmofcf
pnrscmofcf lcf pnfanhcgcf
pnfanhcgcf ekjpmoecso)
ekjpmoecso) jcupuf
 prkhrcj enmucrhc inrnfacfc ycfh snmurugfyc suidne scscrcffyc pclc oiu ycfh tnmcg
jnfdcmcfo engcjomcf lcf prkhrcj ensngctcf oiu cfce mcoffyc. Clcpuf prkhrcj Ensngctcf
Ynprklueso Ynjcdc jnfdclo scmcg sctu prkhrcj ycfh loenjicfhecf pclc pnrnjpucf ycfh
 inmuj gcjom. Fcjuf snacrc cfcmosos sksocm lcf psoekmkhos tnrecot pnrsocpcf lcf pnrnfacfccf
engcjomcf,
engcjomcf, scscrcf rnjcdc jnfdc
jnfdclo
lo sumot ecrnfc inrgclcpcf lnfhcf fomco
fomco iulcyc icgwc
rnjc
rnjcdc
dc inmuj
inmuj loso
losocp
cpecf
ecf jnfl
jnflos
osoe
oeus
usoe
oecf
cf tn
tnft
ftcf
cfh
h pn
pnrn
rnfa
facf
cfcc
ccf
f en
engc
gcjo
jomc
mcf.
f. Rr
Rrkhr
khrcj
cj
 pnjnroftcg scct ofo ycfh tnrecot pnrnfacfccf engcjomcf icru pclc snputcr jnfanhcg
engcjomcf tolce loofhofecf jnmcmuo prkhrcj Enmucrhc Inrnfacfc lcf enmcs acmkf pnfhcftof

(Enjnftrocf Ensngctcf Ynpuimoe Oflkfnsoc, 923>).

 

C. Yujusc
Yujuscf
f Jcscmc
Jcscmcg
g
Ichcojcfc Csugcf Eniolcfcf Rrcekfsnpso lcpct lomceuecf lnfhcf pnflnectcf csugcf
eniolcfcf;
I. \uducf
3. \uduc
ucf
f ^juj
Lcpct jnmcescfcecf Csugcf Eniolcfcf lnfhcf pnflnectcf csugcf eniolcfcf.
9. \ud
\uducf
ucf Egus
Egusu
us
c. Jcjpu jnmceuecf
jnmceuecf pnfhecdo
pnfhecdocf
cf inrupc
inrupc lctc
lctc suiyneto`
suiyneto` ycfh lolcpct
lolcpct lcro
 i. Jcjpu jnmceuecf pnfhecdocf inrupc lctc kiyneto` ycfh lolcpct lcro lcro
a. Jcjp
Jcjpu
u jnfn
jnfnhc
hcee
eecf
cf loch
lochfk
fkso
soss in
inrl
rlcs
cscr
crec
ecf
f lc
lctc
tc suid
suidne
neto
to`` lc
lcf
f lc
lctc
tc ki
kidn
dnet
eto` 
o` 
lcmcj cssnsjnft
l. Jcjpu jnmcescfcecf
jnmcescfcecf toflcecf
toflcecf lcf
lcf csugcf
csugcf ycfh
ycfh loinro
loinroecf
ecf

A. Jcf
Jcf`c
`cc
ct
3. Icho
Icho Jcg
Jcgcs
csooswc
Jnfcjicg
Jnfcjicg pnfhcmcjcf
pnfhcmcjcf fyctc lcmcj jnfhcpmoecso
jnfhcpmoecsoecf
ecf tnkro lcf nvolnf
nvolnfan
an icsnl 
 prcatoan pnjinrocf
 prcatoan pnjinrocf csugcf eniolcfcf Rrc Ekfsnpso

9. Icho
Icho mcgc
mcgcf
f prc
prcet
etoe 
oe 
Jcf`cct csugcf ofo icho mcgcf prcetoe snichco icgcf uftue jnjinroecf hcjicrcf
lcf jcsuecf icho tnfchc ensngctcf ycfh clc lo mcgcf prcetoe lcmcj jnjinroecf csugcf
eniolcfcf

1. Icho
Icho Jcsy
Jcsycr
crce
cect
ct / Em
Emon
onf
f
Jnflcpctecf pnmcycfcf csugcf eniolcfcf ycfh inrjutu snsuco lnfhcf stcflcr 
 pnmcycfcf eniolcfcf lcf nvolnfan icsnl prcatoan.

\OFDC^CF \NKYO
 

C. \ofd
\ofdcu
cucf
cf \nkr
\nkroo Jnl
Jnlos
os
3. Ekfsnp
Ekfsnp Lcscr
Lcscr Rnrnfa
Rnrnfacfcc
cfccf
f Engcjomcf
Engcjomcf (Rrcek
(Rrcekfsnp
fsnpso)
so)
c. Ln`ofos
Ln`ofosoo pnrnfacf
pnrnfacfccf
ccf en
engcj
gcjomcf
omcf lcf
lcf prcekfs
prcekfsnpso
npso

Csugcf Eniolcfcf Rrc ekfsnpso jnrupcecf csugcf ensngctcf icho mceo mceo lcf
 pnrnjpucf ycfh lo inroecf kmng tnfchc jnlos prk`nssokfcm ycfh `keusfyc pclc
upcyc uftue jnjomoeo cfce ycfh sngct (Cfhhrcnfy & Cronstofofhsog, 9238).
Rnmcy
Rnmcycfc
cfcf
f en
ensn
sngc
gctc
tcf
f jcsc
jcsc sn
snin
inmu
muj
j gc
gcjo
jom,
m, jnfu
jnfuru
rutt Rnrct
Rnrctur
urcf
cf Jnft
Jnftnr
nroo
Ensngc
Ensngctcf
tcf Fkjkr
Fkjkr ?8 \cguf
\cguf 923<,
923<, clcmcg
clcmcg sntocp
sntocp enhoct
enhoctcf
cf lcf/ct
lcf/ctcu
cu snrcfh
snrcfheco
ecocf
cf
enhoctcf ycfh lotuduecf pclc pnrnjpucf scct rnjcdc gofhhc sninmuj gcjom lcmcj
rcfhe
rcfhecc jnfy
jnfyoc
ocpe
pecf
cf pnrnj
pnrnjpu
pucf
cf lcmcj
lcmcj jnfd
jnfdcm
cmcf
cfoo engcj
engcjom
omcf
cf,, pnrsc
pnrscmo
mofcf
fcf,, lc
lcf
f
jnmcgo
jnmcgorecf
recf icyo
icyo ycfh
ycfh sngct.
sngct. Enhoctc
Enhoctcf
f duhc
duhc lotudu
lotuduecf
ecf pclc mceo-m
mceo-mceo
ceo duhc
duhc lcpct
lcpct
jnjpnfhcrugo
jnjpnfhcrugo ensngctcf
ensngctcf rnprklueso
rnprklueso pnrnjpucf
pnrnjpucf (Enjnftnro
(Enjnftnrocf
cf ensngc
ensngctcf
tcf Ynpuimoe 
Ynpuimoe 
Oflkfnsoc, 923<).
Rrcekfsnpso inrcscm lcro luc ectc ycefo prc lcf ekfsnpso. Rrc crtofyc sninmuj
(Qntocwcf, 9238). Ekfsnpso ctcu pnjiucgcf clcmcg inrtnjufyc snm tnmur (kvuj)
lnfhcf spnrjc (spnrjctkzkc) (Rurwcflcro, 9233). Rrcekfsnpso clcmcg jcsc sninmuj
engcjomcf tnrdclo. Qngofhhc prcekfsnpso clcmcg sninmuj tnrdclofyc pnrtnjucf cftcrc
snm tnmur lnfhcf spnrjc ycfh lcpct jnfyniciecf engcjomcf. Rnrcwctcf prcekfsnpso
clcm
clcmcg
cg pnrc
pnrcwc
wcttcf ycfh
ycfh loin
loinrroecf
oecff
f sn
snin
inmu
muj
j engc
engcjo
jomc
mcf
f lnfh
lnfhcf
cf sc
scsscr
crcf
cf
jnjpnrjulcg snkrcfh wcfotc jnfacpco tofhect ensngctcf ycfh kptojcm sninmuj oc

jnfhcflufh (Fosc, 9237).

Ekfsnpso jnrupcecf ostomcg mcof ycfh lohufcecf uftue jnfhhcjicrecf prksns
tnrdcl
tnrdclofyc
ofyc pnjiuc
pnjiucgcf.
gcf. @nrtom
@nrtomosc
oscso
so (pnjiu
(pnjiucgc
cgcf)
f) clcmcg
clcmcg pnfyct
pnfyctucf
ucf kvuj
kvuj (kksot
(kksot
sneuflnr)
sneuflnr) lnfhcf spnrjctkzkc
spnrjctkzkc ycfh iocscfyc
iocscfyc inrmcfhsufh
inrmcfhsufh lo cjpumc tuic. Rrksns
`nrtomos
`nrtomoscso
cso jnmoputo
jnmoputo pnfntrcso
pnfntrcso spnrjctkzkc
spnrjctkzkc en lcmcj kvuj, `uso sprnjctkzkc
sprnjctkzkc lcf
kvuj,, lcf locego
kvuj locegoro
ro lnfhcf
lnfhcf `uso
`uso jctnro
jctnro hnfntoe
hnfntoe.. Eng
Engcjo
cjomcf
mcf tnr
tnrdcl
dcloo entoec
entoec gcsom
gcsom
ekfsnpso
ekfsnpso jnfhcmcjo
jnfhcmcjo folcso
folcso (ojpmcftc
(ojpmcftcso)
so) pclc loflofh utnrus.
utnrus. Qngofhhc
Qngofhhc uftue lcpct
tnrdclofyc engcjomcf pnrmu clc spnrjctkzkc, kvuj, pnjiucgcf kvuj (ekfsnpso),
lcf folcso gcsom ekfsnpso (Rrcworkgcrldk, 9232).
 

Jcsc prcekfsnpso
prcekfsnpso losniut
losniut duhc jcsc sninmuj gcjom.
gcjom. Rnmcycfcf ensngctcf
ensngctcf
jcsc sninmuj gcjom loln`ofosoecf snichco enhoctcf lcf/ctcu snrcfhecocf enhoctcf
ycfh lotuduecf pclc pnrnjpucf sndce scct rnjcdc gofhhc scct sninmuj gcjom lcmcj
rcfhe
rcfhecc jnfyo
jnfyocpe
cpecf
cf pn
pnrn
rnjp
jpucf
ucf jnfd
jnfdcl
cloo gc
gcjo
jomm sn
sngct
gct (E
(Enj
njnf
nftn
tnro
rocf
cf en
ensn
sngc
gctc
tcf
f
Ynpuimoe Oflkfnsoc, 923<).
Jnfur
Jnfurut
ut XGK
XGK (9231
(9231),
), pn
pnmc
mcyc
ycfc
fcf
f en
ensn
sngc
gctc
tcf
f jcsc
jcsc sn
snin
inmu
muj
j gcjom
gcjom cl
clcm
cmcg
cg
 pnfynlocf pnmcycfcf ensngctcf ekjprngnfso` ycfh jnmoputo prkjkto` , prnvnfto`,
eurcto`, lcf oftnrvnfsosksocm sninmuj tnrdclofyc engcjomcf ycfh inrtuducf uftue4
3) Jnfuru
Jnfurufec
fecf
f cfhec
cfhec enjcto
enjctocf
cf oiu lcf
lcf icyo
icyo
9) Jnfanh
Jnfanhcg
cg engcjom
engcjomcf
cf ycfh tolce
tolce loofho
loofhofecf
fecf
1) Jnfanhcg
Jnfanhcg tnrdclofyc
tnrdclofyc ekjpmoe
ekjpmoecso
cso snmcjc
snmcjc engcjom
engcjomcf
cf lcf pnrscmo
pnrscmofcf
fcf
<) Jnfanhcg
Jnfanhcg tnrdclofyc
tnrdclofyc enjctoc
enjctocf
f icyo lcmcj ecflufhc
ecflufhcf,
f, prnjcturot
prnjcturotcs,
cs, IIMY 
>) Jnfanh
Jnfanhcg
cg enmco
enmcofcf
fcf icwc
icwccf
cf pclc
pclc icyo
icyo

0) Jnfanh
Jnfanhcg
cg of`nes
of`nesoo fnkfctc
fnkfctcmm
8) Jnfanh
Jnfanhcg
cg stuf
stuftof
tofhh lcf
lcf lcf
lcf ENE 
7) Jnfanhcg
Jnfanhcg pnfumcrcf
pnfumcrcf GOP lcf OJQ
OJQ lcro
lcro oiu
oiu en cfce 
?) Jnfuru
Jnfurufec
fecf
f rosoek
rosoek endcloc
endclocf
f ecfenr
ecfenr pclc cfce 
cfce 
32) Jnfurufecf
Jnfurufecf rosoek locintns
locintns topn 9 lcf hcfhhucf
hcfhhucf ecrlokvcso
ecrlokvcsoeumnr
eumnr lo enjulocf
gcro.
i. \cfl
\cflc
c lc
lcf
f Hndc
Hndcmc
mc
Clc ininrcpc tcflc lcf hndcmc ycfh pnrmu loentcguo lcmc jcsc prcekfsnpso snicho
 pnrsocpcf sninmuj ekfsnpso. \cflc lcf hndcmc tnrsniut lo cftcrcfyc clcmcg 4
c. \c
\cfl
flcc lcf
lcf Hndc
Hndcmc
mc Jcsc
Jcsc Qu
Quiur 
iur 
Jcsc Quiur jnrupcecf
jnrupcecf jcsc lcmcj soemus jnfstrumcso
jnfstrumcso wcfotc
wcfotc lojcfc
lojcfc
tnrlcp
tnrlcpct
ct snm tnmur
tnmur ycfh
ycfh jctcfh
jctcfh ycfh socp lo iucgo,
iucgo, sngofh
sngofhhc
hc iom
iomc
c wcfotc
wcfotc
tnrsniut jnmceuecf guiufhcf snesucm jcec lojufheofecf tnrdclo engcjomcf
(Qojktupcfh, 9237).
Jcsc suiur clcmcg jcsc lojcfc tnrsnloc snm tnmur ycfh socp loiucgo. Jcsc
suiurr inrecotcjf
suiu inrecotcjf nrct lnfhcf
lnfhcf jnfstrumcs
jnfstrumcsoo lcf soemus jnfstru
jnfstrumcso.
mcso. Clcfyc
gcsrct
gcsrct cftcrc
cftcrc sucjo
sucjo lcf ost
ostro
ro clcmcg
clcmcg suctu
suctu ycfh
ycfh wcdcr,
wcdcr, pnfycm
pnfycmurc
urcf
f gcs
gcsrct
rct

tnrsni
tnrsniut
ut cecf
cecf jnjumc
jnjumcoo gcsom
gcsom ycfh icoe doec
doec pnrtnj
pnrtnjucf
ucf cftcrc
cftcrc sucjo
sucjo ostro
 

loctur wcetu. Jnfurut Enjnfens (Enjnfens, 9238) tcflc-tcflc jcsc suiur 

 pclc X^Q ycotu4
3) Rnruic
Rnruicgc
gcf
f mnflor
mnflor snrv
snrvoe
oess
Doec lcmcj jcsc suiur acorcf ofo inrtnestur mnfhent lcf enftcm. Rnruicgcf ycfh
tnrdcl
tnrdcloo jnfdnm
jnfdnmcfh
cfh jcsc
jcsc suiur
suiur ycotu
ycotu lnfhcf
lnfhcf jnfofh
jnfofhect
ectfyc
fyc dujmcg
dujmcg acorcf
acorcf lcf
 pnruicgcf tnestur jnfdclo inrwcrfc infofh lcf tnestur mniog acor.
9) Lkrkfhc
Lkrkfhcf
f snesuc
snesucmm jnfofh
jnfofhect
ect
Gkrjkf enwcfotccf cecf jnfofhect lcmcj jcsc suiur sngofhhc inrpnfhcrug
tnrgclcp gcsrct snesucm.
1) \njpnrctur
\njpnrctur tuiug jnfofhect
jnfofhect lcf
lcf pcyulcrc
pcyulcrc mniog
mniog mufce.
mufce.
Jnfofhectfyc gkrjkf prkhnstnrkf entoec jcsc suiur cecf jnjoau enfcoecf
sugu tuiug, fcjuf enfcoecf sugu tuiug tnrsniut gcfyc snloeot (³ 2,>²A), jcec
aueup sumot jnfhcjcto enfcoecf sugu tuiug pclc wcfotc.

 i. Acrc-acrc jnfhntcguo jcsc suiur 

Jnfurut (Ruspotc, 9230) lcmcj (Ctoec nt cm., 9238) losniutecf icgwc clc ininrcpc
acrc uftue jnfhntcguo jcsc suiur, locftcrcfyc clcmcg4
3) Qost
Qostnj
nj ecm
ecmnf
nfln
lnr 
r 
Qnichco pnlkjcf, gcro pnrtcjc jnfstrucso logotufh snichco soemus jnfstrucso gcro
en-3.
en-3. Mcjcfyc
Mcjcfyc soemus
soemus jnfstr
jnfstrucs
ucsoo lojumc
lojumcoo lcro
lcro gcro
gcro en-3
en-3 gofhhc
gofhhc jnfstr
jnfstrucs
ucsoo
 inroeutfyc (Ruspotc, 9230). Clc ininrcpc soemus jnfstrucso, ycotu 4
c) Qoemus
Qoemus jnfstr
jnfstrucs
ucsoo 97 gcro.
gcro. Rclc soemus
soemus ofo, kvumcso
kvumcso cecf
cecf tnrdclo
tnrdclo pclc gcro en
-3<, lcf jcsc suiur clcmcg 9-1 gcro sninmuj gofhhc snsulcg kvumcso. Dclo
jcsc suiur tnrdclo cftcrc gcro en-33 gofhhc gcro en38 (Ruspotc, 9230).
 i) Qoemus 1> gcro. Kvumcso tnrdclo pclc gcro en-93. Doec soemus jnfstrucso pnflne 
jcec kvumcso duhc snjceof anpct (Ruspotc, 9230).
a) Doec soemus
soemus jnfstru
jnfstrucso
cso cflc tolce
tolce tnrctur,
tnrctur, cflc
cflc gcrus jnjpufyco
jnjpufyco actctcf
actctcf soemus
soemus
snmcjc jofojcm 0 iumcf (0 soemus) inrturut-turut uftue jnflcpctecf soemus
tnrpcfdcfh lcf soemus tnrpnflnefyc (Ruspotc, 9230). ^ftue soemus jnfstrucso
tolc
tolce
e tn
tnrc
rctu
tur,
r, jcec
jcec jcsc
jcsc su
suiur
iur lo
logo
gotu
tufh
fh ln
lnfhc
fhcf
f ru
ruju
jus,
s, yc
ycot
otu
u 4 Qo
Qoem
emus
us
tnrpcfdcfh ‑ 33 gcro & Qoemus tnrpnflne ‑ 37 gcro

9) Rnruicgcf
Rnruicgcf Qernso
Qernso Mnflor
Mnflor Mngnr
Mngnr Ycgoj
Ycgoj (Qnrvoes).
(Qnrvoes).
 

Jcsc suiur duhc iosc loentcguo mnwct pnjnroesccf hntcg mnflor (jueus)
jumut rcgoj (snrvoes). Ofo puf lcpct cflc mceuecf snfloro. Acrcfyc, mnflor lcro
jumut rcgoj lopnroesc sntocp gcro. Gkrjkf Nstrkhnf jnfacpco pufacefyc pclc
scct kvumcso iocscfyc mnflor rcgoj dclo chce nfanr lcf iomc lorcic lnfhcf dcro
tnmnfdue ctcu oiu dcro, mcmu rnectecf mnflor tnrsniut snpnrto jnjinftue infcfh
lnfhcf dcrce 9-1 aj, doec mnflor tnrsniut tnrputus tcflcfyc tolce suiur, lcf
cpciomc
cpciomc mnflor
mnflor tnrsni
tnrsniut
ut tolce
tolce tnrput
tnrputus
us jcec
jcec cflc
cflc lcmcj
lcmcj jcsc
jcsc suiur,
suiur, to
tofhec
fhectt
eninrgcsomc
eninrgcsomcf
f lnfhcf acrc ofo gcfyc sneotcr
sneotcr 02% - 82% (Qotkjpum
(Qotkjpum Nwc Jkmoec,
923>).
1) Jnfhhufcecf
Jnfhhufcecf cmct
cmct kvumcso
kvumcso (Kvumct
(Kvumctokf
okf Rrnloatkr
Rrnloatkr Eot / KRE)
Ofo clcmcg pomogcf ycfh pcmofh prcetos uftue jnfhntcguo jcsc suiur. Cmct ofo
jorop lnfhcf pnflntneso engcjomcf lcf eotc iosc jnflcpctecffyc lo cpktne-
cpktne tnrlnect.
tnrlnect. Acrc jnfhhufcecf
jnfhhufcecf cmct ofo puf scjc lnfhcf jnfhhufcecf cmct

 pnflntneso engcjomcf, ycotu lnfhcf jnfntnsecf cor snfo mcmu eotc iosc jnmogct
ofloectkrfyc. Doec tnrmogct clc luc hcros, otu crtofyc pksoto` lcf eotc snlcfh lcmcj
ekfloso suiur (Ruspotc, 9230).
<) Jntkln
Jntkln ueur
ueur sugu
sugu (jntk
(jntkln
ln sugu
sugu icscm)
icscm)
Qugu tuiug fkrjcm iocscfyc 1>,> ‑ 10 kA. Rclc wcetu kvumcso turuf lumu
lcf fcoe enjicmo jnfacpco 98 ‑ 97 kA lcf tolce cecf enjicmo en sugu fkrjcm 1>
lnrcdct. Enfcoecf sugu tuiug tnrdclo cpciomc sulcg tnrinftuefyc Rrkhnstnrkf ycfh
 inrtuhcs jnfyocpecf dcrofhcf lcmcj rcgoj uftue jnfnrojc snm tnmur ycfh tnmcg
loiucgo. Acrcfyc mceuecf pnfhueurcf sugu tuiug pclc pcho gcro sntnmcg icfhuf
tolur sninmuj jnmceuecf cetovotcs cpcpuf, enjulocf jcsuecf tnrjkjntnr en
lcmcj luiur ctcu jumut vchofc snmcjc >-0 jnfot. \utup enjicmo jumut vchofc
snmcjc
snmcjc pnfhueu
pnfhueurcf
rcf inrmcf
inrmcfhsu
hsufh,
fh, mceuecf
mceuecf gcm ofo sntocp
sntocp gcro
gcro snmcjc
snmcjc 1 iumcf
iumcf
(Qotkjpum Nwc Jkmoec, 923>).
a. @cetkr
@cetkr ycf
ycfh
h jnjp
jnjpnfh
nfhcru
crugo
go ensuiur
ensuiurcf
cf
Ensuiurcf (`nrtomotcs) clcmcg enjcjpucf snkrcfh wcfotc (ostro) uftue jnfdclo
gcjo
gcjomm lc
lcf
f jnmc
jnmcgo
gore
recf
cf cf
cfce
ce golu
golup
p lc
lcro
ro pc
pcsc
scfh
fhcf
cf pr
proc
oc (s
(suc
ucjo
jo)) yc
ycfh
fh jcjp
jcjpu
u
jnfhgcjomecffyc (Gclcycfo nt cm., 923?). Jcsc suiur clcmcg suctu jcsc lcmcj soemus

jnfstr
jnfstrucs
ucsoo pnrnjp
pnrnjpucf
ucf lo jcfc
jcfc tnrlcpc
tnrlcpctt snm kvuj ycfh
ycfh socp
socp loiucg,
loiucg, sngofhhc
sngofhhc iom
iomcc
 

 pnrnjpucf tnrsniut jnmceuecf guiufhcf snesucm jcec lojufheofecf tnrdclo

engcjomcf. Jcsc suiur jnrupcecf rnftcfh wcetu pclc wcfotc ycfh tnrdclo ”sniumcf
snecmo‚.
snecmo‚. Jcsc suiur tnrdclo
tnrdclo pclc gcro en-3< sninmuj jnfstrucso
jnfstrucso snmcfdutfy
snmcfdutfycc tnrdclo
tnrdclo
(Rurwcflcro
(Rurwcflcro,, 9233). Jnfurut (Rrc
(Rrcworkgc
workgcrldk,
rldk, 9232), uftue pnrgotufhcf
pnrgotufhcf jcsc suiur 
lopceco rujus soemus tnrpcfdcfh loeurcfho 33 lcf soemus tnrpnflne loeurcfho 37.

@cetkr-`cetkr ycfh jnjpnfhcrugo ensuiurcf pcscfhcf usoc suiur cftcrc

mcof4

3) ^jur 
Rclc pnrnjpucf, usoc rnprklueso sngct lcf cjcf uftue engcjomcf lcf
 pnrscmofcf clcmcg 92-1> tcguf (Rrcworkgcrldk, 9232). Ynftcfh usoc rosoek tofhho
clcmcg =92 tcguf lcf ≮ 1> tcguf. Gcm ofo loecrnfcecf pclc usoc =92 tcguf
snacrc `osoe lcf jnftcm oiu inmuj euct ycfh jnjufheofecf inrosoek mniog inscr 
jnfhcmcjo
jnfhcmcjo cfnjoc,
cfnjoc, pnrtujiugcf
pnrtujiugcf dcfof tnrgcjict,
tnrgcjict, lcf pnrscmofcf
pnrscmofcf prnjctur.
prnjctur.

Qnlcfhecf pclc usoc ≮1> tcguf ekfloso `osoe jumco jnmnjcg. Jnseopuf pclc
ujur <2 tcguf enctcs pnrnjpucf jcsog lcpct gcjom, fcjuf `nrtomotcs jnfuruf
anpct snsulcg usoc tnrsniut. ^soc rnprkluesto` pnrnjpucf ycfh tnricoe pclc usoc
92 tcgufcf, snmcfdutfyc ensuiurcf snacrc inrtcgcp jnfuruf pclc usoc 12 tcguf,
tnrutcjc sntnmcg usoc 1> tcguf ( Cjnroacf Qkaonty `kr Ynprkluatovn Jnloaofn,
Jnloaofn,
9239).
Rclc mceo-mceo,
mceo-mceo, tofhect
tofhect ensuiurcf
ensuiurcf cecf jumco jnfuruf
jnfuruf snacrc
snacrc pnrmcgcf-
pnrmcgcf-
mcgcf. Ensuiurcf mceo-mceo locwcmo scct jnjcsueo usoc puinrtcs lotcflco lnfhcf
 pnrenjicfhcf krhcf rnprklueso, rctc-rctc ujur 39 tcguf. Rnrenjicfhcf krhcf
rnprklueso mceo-mceo jnfacpco enclccf stciom ujur 92 tcguf. \ofhect ensuiurcf
 

ce
cecf
cf in
inrt
rtcj
cjic
icg
g sn
snsu
suco
co ln
lnfh
fhcf
cf pn
pnrt
rtcj
cjic
icgc
gcf
f ujur
ujur lc
lcf
f ce
cecf
cf jnfa
jnfacp
cpco
co
 pufacefyc pclc ujur 9> tcguf. Qntnmcg usoc 9> tcguf ensuiurcf proc jumco
jnfur
jnfuruf
uf sn
snac
acrc
rc pn
pnrm
rmcg
cgcf-
cf-mc
mcgc
gcf,
f, lo
lojc
jcfc
fc en
enclc
clccf
cf of
ofoo lo
losn
snici
iciec
ecf
f ec
ecrn
rnfc
fc
 pnruicgcf inftue lcf `ccm krhcf rnprklueso . Loscrcfecf proc uftue jnfoecg
 pclc usoc eurcfh lcro <2 tcguf, ecrnfc lo ctcs usoc tnrsniut jktomotcs,
ekfsnftrcso, vkmujn snjofcm, lcf `rchjnftco LFC tnmcg jnfhcjo pnfurufcf
eucmotcs sngofhhc jnfofhectecf rosoek enacactcf dcfof.
9) @rneunfso snfhhcjc
@nrto
@nrtomos
moscso
cso (pnjiu
(pnjiucgc
cgcf)
f) ctcu
ctcu pnrost
pnrostowc
owc tnr
tnrdcl
dclofyc
ofyc pnrtnj
pnrtnjucf
ucf cftcrc
cftcrc
spnrjctkzkc lcf kvuj,cecf tnrdclo iomc ekotus (snfhhcjc) inrmcfhsufh pclc
scct kvumcso. Lcmcj enclccf fkrjcm snm spnrjctkzkc jcsog golup snmcjc 3-1
gcro lcmcj krhcf rnprklueso wcfotc, sngofhhc `nrtomoscso jcsog jufheof doec
kvumcso tnrdclo sneotcr 3-1 gcro snsulcg ekotus inrmcfhsufh. Qnlcfhecf kvuj

snkrcfh wcfotc ujurfyc mniog pnflne mcho ycotu mx9< dcj, sngofhhc iomc eoktus
lomceuecf-pclc wcetu tnrsniut enjufheofcf inscr iosc tnrdclo pnjiucgcf. Gcm
ofo inrcrt
inrcrtoo wcmcupu
wcmcupuf
f sucjo
sucjo ostro
ostro jnfhclc
jnfhclcecf
ecf guiufhc
guiufhcf
f snesuc
snesucmm tcpo
tcpo tolce 
tolce 
 inrtnpctcf lnfhcf jcsc suiur ostro ycfh gcfyc tnrdclo sctu ecmo lcmcj sniumcf,
jcec tolce cecf tnrdclo pnjiucgcf lcf tolce cecf tnrdclo engcjomcf pclc ostro.
1) Mcjc inruscgc
Rnfn
Rnfnmmotocf
tocf jnfhn
nfhnfc
fcoo mcjcf
cjcfyc
yc wcet
wcetu
u ycfh
ycfh lo
loiu
iuttugec
ugecf
f uft
uftue 
jnfhgcsomecf engcjomcf jnfufdueecf, icgwc 19,8% snkrcfh ostro
ostro cecf gcjom
lcmcj sctu iumcf pnrtcjc, >8,2% lcmcj tohc iumcf pnrtcjc, 89.3% lcmcj nfcj
 iumcf pnrtcjc, 7>,<% lcmcj 39 iumcf pnrtcjc, lcf ?1,<% lcmcj 9< iumcf
 pnrtcjc. Xcetu rctc~rctc ycfh loiutugecf uftue jnfhgcsomecf engcjomcf
clcmng. 9,1-9.7 iumcf. Dclo mcjc suctu pcscfhcf sucjo ostro inruscgc snacrc
tnrctur jnrupcecf `cetkr pnfnftu uftue lcpct tnrdclo engcjomcf.
<) Kinsotcs
Kinsot
Kinsotcs
cs duhc
duhc loentc
loentcguo
guo snichc
snichcoo scmcg
scmcg sctu
sctu `cetkr
`cetkr ycfh inrguiu
inrguiufhc
fhcf
f
lnfhcf of`nrtomotcs. Kinsotcs loentcguo jnfdclo scmcg sctu `cetkr rosoek tnrdclofyc
of`nrtomotcs ecrnfc kinsotcs lcpct jnjcau tnrdclofyc rnsostnfso ofsumof lojcfc

tuiug
tuiug tolc
tolce
e jcjp
jcjpu
u jnfhn
jnfhnmk
mkmc
mc hm
hmuek
ueksc
sc sn
snac
acrc
rc an
anpc
pct.
t. Ynso
Ynsost
stnf
nfso
so of
ofsu
sumo
mof
f
 

jnfyni
jnfyniciec
ciecf
f pnfofh
pnfofhect
ectcf
cf eclcr
eclcr ofsumo
ofsumof
f lcrcg
lcrcg (gopnr
(gopnrofs
ofsumo
umofnj
fnjoc)
oc) sngofh
sngofhhc
hc
snjceof tofhho ofsumof snjceof inscr gcjictcf pnrenjicfhcf `kmoenr (snm tnmur)
lcmcj kvcrouj.

a. Rnrs
Rnrsoc
ocpc
pcf
f eng
engcj
cjom
omcf
cf
IEEIF
IEEIF (923<)
(923<) jnfhufh
jnfhufhecp
ecpecf
ecf inrichc
inrichcoo pnrsoc
pnrsocpcf
pcf engcjom
engcjomcf
cf ycfh
ycfh sngct
sngct
locftcrcfyc4

3) Rnjnroescc
Rnjnroesccf
f ensngctcf
ensngctcf
Rnjnro
Rnjnroesc
esccf
cf ensngc
ensngctcf
tcf jnrupc
jnrupcecf
ecf scmcg
scmcg sctu
sctu ichocf
ichocf pnftof
pnftofh
h lcro
lcro pnmcycf
pnmcycfcf
cf
ensngc
ensngctcf
tcf prcekf
prcekfsnp
snpso
so ycfh
ycfh inrtud
inrtuducf
ucf uftue
uftue jnjpnr
jnjpnrsoc
socpecf
pecf acmkf
acmkf oiu lcmcj
lcmcj
jnfdcmcfo
jnfdcmcfo engcjomcf lcf pnrscmofcf
pnrscmofcf ycfh sngct lcf snmcjct
snmcjct snrtc jnjpnrkmng
jnjpnrkmng icyo
ycfh sngct. Rnjnroesccf
Rnjnroesccf ensngctcf
ensngctcf lcpct lomceuecf lo pusens
pusensjcs
jcs ctcu rujcg sceot.
Rnmcycfcf ensngctcf jcsc sninmuj gcjom icho R^Q loinroecf enpclc R^Q mceo-mceo
jcup
jcupuf
uf pn
pnrn
rnjp
jpuc
ucf,
f, ic
icoe
oe yc
ycfh
fh inmuj
inmuj jnjp
jnjpuf
ufyco
yco cf
cfce
ce jcup
jcupuf
uf ycfh
ycfh su
sulc
lcg
g
jnjomoeo cfce lcf ofhof jnrnfacfcecf engcjomcf snmcfdutfyc. Rnmcycfcf ensngctcf
jcsc sninmuj gcjom pclc R^Q jnmoputo4
c) Cfcjfnos
(3) Cfcjfns
Cfcjfnsos
os ^juj
^juj
Cfcjfnsos clcmcg suctu enhoctcf wcwcfacrc cftcrc tnfchc ensngctcf lcf
emonf uftue jnjpnrkmng of`krjcso tnftcfh enmugcf, pnfyceot ycfh lolnrotc,
rowcyct pnfyceot, `cetkr rnsoek pclc R^Q, stctus ojufoscso tntcfus, rowcyct

EI, snrtc rowcyct engcjomcf lcf pnrscmofcf sninmujfyc.

(9) Lntneso
Lntneso Lofo Jcscmcg
Jcscmcg Ensngctcf
Ensngctcf Dowc
Dowc
Lntneso jcscmcg ensngctcf dowc ycfh rnmcto` jurcg, julcg, lcf n`neto` uftue 
R^Q lomceuecf lnfhcf jnfhhufcecf eunsokfnr ycfh loenjicfhecf kmng
XGK
XGK yc
ycot
otu
u Qnm` Ynpkrtofh
Ynpkrtofh Sunstokffco
Sunstokffcorn
rn (QYS). Lcmcj QYS tnrlcpct 92
 pnrtcfyccf tnrecot hndcmc jcscmcg ensngctcf dowc ycfh gcrus lodcwci emonf
lnfhcf dcwcicf yc ctcu tolce snpnto tcinm loicwcg ofo.
\cimn 3.3 Qnm` Ynpkrtofh Sunstokffcorn

 Fk Rnrtcfyccf _c \olce 

3 Cpcecg Cflc snrofh jnflnrotc sceot
 

enpcmc;
9 Cpc
pceecg Cf
Cflc en
engomcfhcf fc`
fc`ssu jc
jcec
ecf f;
1 Cpcecg tolur Cflc tolce mnmcp;
< Cpcecg Cf
Cflc ju
julcg jnjnfdclo tc
tceut;
> Cpc
pceecg Cf
Cflc jn
jnrcsc an
anjcs, ttnnhcfh
fh,, lcf
lcf
egcwctor;
0 Cpcecg tc
tcfhcf Cf
Cflc hn
hnjntcr;
8 Cpcecg Cflc jnfhcmcjo hcfhhucf
 pnfanrfccf;
7 Cpcecg Cflc jnrcsc sumot inrpoeor  
 dnrfog;
? Cpc
pce
ecg Cflc jnrcsc tolce icgch
chooc;
32 Cpce
Cpcecgcg Cflc
Cflc mn
mnio
iog
g sn
snro
rofh
fh jnfc
jnfcfh
fhos
os;;
33 Cpcecg Cflc jnrcsc sumot uftue  
jnfoejcto cetovotcs sngcro-gcro;
39 Cpce
Cpcecg
cg Cflc
Cflc jnfh
jnfhcmcmcj
cjoo ens
ensum
umot
otcf
cf uftu
uftue 
e 
jnfhcjiom enputuscf;
31 Cpcec
pcecg
g ce
cettovot
ovotcs
cs ctcu
ctcu tuhc
tuhcss sngcr
ngcroo-g
-gcr
croo
Cflc tnrinfhecmco;
3< Cpcecg Cflc jnrcsc tolce jcjpu
 inrpnrcf lcmcj engolupcf ofo;
3> Cpcec
pcecgg Cflc
Cflc eng
engoomcfhc
cfhcf
f jofc
jofctt tnr
tnrgclc
gclcp
p
 icfyce gcm;
30 Cpce
Cpcecg
cg Cflc
Cflc jnrc
jnrcsc
sc tolc
tolce
e in
inrg
rgcr
crhc
hc;;
38 Cpcec
pcecgg Cflc
Cflc jnj
jnjpupufy
fyco
co poe
poeoorc
rcf
f uftu
uftue 
e 
jnfhcegoro golup Cflc;
37 Cpcecg Cflc jnrcsc mnmcg snpcfdcfh
wcetu;
3? Cpce
Cpcecg
cg Cflc
Cflc jnrc
jnrcsc
sc tolc
tolce
e nfc
nfce
e lop
lopnr
nrut
ut;;
92 Cpc
pce
ecg Cflc julcg mnmcg;

 i) Rnjnroesccf @osoe 

Rnjnro
Rnjnroesc
esccf
cf `osoe
`osoe lomceue
lomceuecf
cf uftue
uftue jnfhnt
jnfhntcguo
cguo lcf jnfhol
jnfholnft
nfto`o
o`oecs
ecsoo stctus
stctus
ensngctcf jnmcmuo pnjnroesccf lnfyut fclo, `rneunfso fc`cs, tnecfcf lcrcg, sugu
tuiug, lcf pnjnroesccf mnfhecp. Qnmcof otu lomceuecf pnjnroesccf stctus hozo
ycfh jnmoputo pnfhueurcf inrct iclcf, tofhho iclcf, MOMC, lcf tcflc cfnjoc.

(3)
(3) Rnjnr
Rnjnroe
oesc
sccf
cf \cf
\cflc
lc Pot
Potcm
cm
 

Inrtuducf uftue jnfhntcguo enmcofcf sugu tuiug, tnecfcf lcrcg, enmcofcf

lnfyut fclo, snrtc enmcofcf pcru-pcru lcf dcftufh. Rnjnroesccf tcflc votcm
lomceuecf jnmcmuo pnfhueurcf sugu tuiug entoce, tnecfcf lcrcg (systkmn lcf
locstkmn), lnfyut fclo pnr jnfot, `rneunfso fc`cs pnr jnfot, snrtc cuseumtcso
 dcftufh lcf pcru.
R^Q/
R^Q/X^
X^Q
Q ycfh
ycfh jnfh
jnfhcm
cmcj
cjoo jcs
cscm
cmcg
cg lnfh
lnfhcf
cf tc
tcfl
flcc vo
vottcm lcpc
lcpctt
jnfh
jnfhof
oflo
loecs
ecsoe
oecf
cf jcsc
jcscmc
mcg
g of`n
of`nes
eso,
o, go
gopnr
pnrtn
tnfs
fso,
o, pn
pnfy
fyceo
ceott pcru
pcru (c
(csj
sjc,
c,
tuin
tuinra
raum
umks
ksos
os),
), lc
lcf
f dc
dcft
ftuf
ufh
h yc
ycfh
fh do
doec
ec to
tolc
lce
e sn
snhn
hnrc
rc lo
loki
kict
ctoo in
inrn
rnso
soek
ek
jnfhhcfhhu ensngctcffyc ecrnfc jcmcosn (mnjcg), sceot enpcmc, snsce fc`cs,
fc`su jcecf jnfuruf.
Rclc R^Q ycfh sulcg jnjpufyco cfce sninmujfyc, pnjnroesccf mniog
lo`keusecf pclc pnrsocpcf `osoe uftue engcjomcf ycfh loofhofecf. Rclc R^Q
ycfh jnjpufyco jcscmcg tnrecot of`nrtomotcs, pnjnroesccf `osoe lo`keusecf

 pclc krhcf rnprklueso mceo-mceo lcf pnrnjpucf. Cpciomc lopnrmuecf

 pnjnroesccf `osoe mniog mcfdut emonf lcpct lorudue en rujcg sceot.
(9)
(9) Rnjnr
Rnjnroe
oesc
sccf
cf Qtc
Qtctu
tuss Hoz
Hozoo
Rnmcycfcf hozo icho R^Q/X^Q lomceuecf jnmcmuo pnjnroesccf4
(c) Oflne Jcssc
Jcssc \uiug
\uiug (OJ\)
(OJ\)
Qtctus hozo lcpct lotnftuecf lnfhcf pnfhueurcf OJ\. Oflne Jcssc
\uiug ctcu OJ\ jnrupcecf prkpkrso stcflcr inrct iclcf (II) tnrgclcp
tofh
tofhho
ho iclcf
iclcf (\
(\I)
I).. OJ\
OJ\ pn
pnrm
rmu
u lo
loent
entcg
cguo
uo uftue
uftue jnfo
jnfomc
mcoo st
stct
ctus
us ho
hozo
zo
R^Q/
R^Q/X^
X^Q
Q lc
lcmc
mcj
j ec
ecot
otcf
cffy
fycc ln
lnfh
fhcf
cf pn
pnrs
rsoc
ocpc
pcf
f en
engc
gcjo
jomc
mcf.
f. Do
Doec
ec
 pnrnjpucf lnfhcf stctus hozo eurcfh jnfhofhofecf engcjomcf,
snicoefyc engcjomcf lotuflc tnrmniog lcgumu uftue lomceuecf oftnrvnfso
 pnricoecf hozo scjpco stctus hozofyc icoe.
Oiu
Oiu gc
gcjo
jomm lnfhc
lnfhcf
f en
eneu
eurc
rcfh
fhcf
cf ho
hozo
zo jnjo
jnjomo
moeo
eo rn
rnso
soek
ek yc
ycfh
fh lc
lcpct
pct
jnjicgcycecf oiu lcf dcfof cftcrc mcof cfnjoc pclc oiu lcf dcfof,
rnsoek
rnsoek pnrlcr
pnrlcrcgc
cgcf
f scct
scct jnmcgo
jnmcgorec
recf,
f, IIM
IIMY,
Y, jul
julcg
cg tnr
tnrenf
enfcc pnfyceo
pnfyceott
of`neso, rnsoek enhuhurcf, icyo mcgor jcto, snrtc acact icwccf pclc dcfof.
R^Q mceo-mceo duhc gcrus jnjomoeo stctus hozo ycfh icoe.

(i) MOMC
MOMC (Mof
(Mofhec
hecrr Mnfhc
Mnfhcf
f Ctcs
Ctcs))
 

Qnmcof OJ\, pnfcposcf stctus hozo pclc pnrnjpucf duhc lomceuecf

lnfhcf pnfhueurcf jnfhhufcecf potc MOMC uftue jnfhntcguo clcfyc
rnsoek
rnsoek ENE pclc X^Q. Cjicfh ictcs MOMC pclc X^Q lnfhcf rnsoek
rnsoek
ENE lo Oflkfnsoc clcmcg 91,> aj. Cpciomc gcsom pnfhueurcf eurcfh lcro
91,> aj ctcu loichocf jnrcg potc MOMC crtofyc pnrnjpucf tnrsniut
jnjpufyco rnsoek ENE lcf lopnreorcecf cecf jnmcgorecf inrct icyo
mcgor rnflcg.
(1) Rnjnro
Rnjnroesc
esccf
cf @osoe
@osoe Mnf
Mnfhec
hecp
p
Rn
Rnjn
jnro
roes
esccf
ccf `oso
`osoe
e pclc
pclc R^Q
R^Q lo
lomc
mceu
euecf
ecf uf
uftu
tue
e jnfhn
jnfhntc
tcguo
guo st
stct
ctus
us
ensngctcf
ensngctcf R^Q. Rnjnoesccf
Rnjnoesccf ofo lomceuecf snacrc mnfhecp
mnfhecp snsuco
snsuco ofloecso
ofloecso
jnlos. Lcro pnjnroesccf ofo logcrcpecf tnfchc ensngctcf jcjpu jnflntneso
clcfyc hcfhhucf ensngctcf pclc R^Q, joscmfyc hcfhhucf dcftufh ctcu pcru,
tcflc cfnjoc, gnpctotos, OJQ, lcf mcof-mcof.

9) Lcrcg
Lcrcg Rnjnroes
Rnjnroesccf
ccf
c) Rnjnroesccf
Rnjnroesccf gnjkhmkiof
gnjkhmkiof (Gi)
Rnjnro
Rnjnroesc
esccf
cf eclcr
eclcr gnjkhm
gnjkhmkio
kiof
f scfhct
scfhct pnftof
pnftofh
h lom
lomceue
ceuecf
cf lcmcj
lcmcj jnfnhce
jnfnhceecf
ecf
lochfksc lcro suctu pnfyceot, snici dujmcg eclcr gnjkhmkiof lcmcj snm lcrcg
cecf jnfntuecf
jnfntuecf enjcjpucf
enjcjpucf lcrcg uftue jnfhcfheu
jnfhcfheutt kesohnf lcro pcru-pcr
pcru-pcru
u
ensnmurug tuiug. Losniut cfnjoc iomc eclcr gnjkhmkiof (Gi) lo lcmcj lcrcg
eurcfh lcro fkrjcm.
fkrjcm. Rnjnroescc
Rnjnroesccf
f gnjkhmkiof
gnjkhmkiof lomceuecf jnmcmuo
jnmcmuo scjpnm
scjpnm lcrcg
ycfh locjiom lcro lcrcg tnpo.

Ynekjnflcso XGK tnftcfh pnfhnmkjpkeecf cfnjoc (h/lm) inrlcscrecf ujur 

\olce Cfnjoc
Rkpumcso YofhcfQnlcfh Inrct
cfnjoc
Xus tolce gcjom 39 33.2-33.? 7.2-32.? =7.2
Oiu gcjom 33 32.2-32.? 8.2-?.? =8.2
Mceo-mceo 6 3> 31 33.2-39.? 7.2-32.? =7.2
Qujinr4pnlkjcf pnfctcmcescfccf pnjinrocf tcimnt tcjicg lcrcg

 i) Rnjnroesccf hkmkfhcf lcrcg lcf rgnsus

 

Hkmkfhcf lcrcg tolce gcfyc snichco pnmnjici ecrtu oflnftotcs. Hkmkfhcf

lcrcg wcdoi eotc entcguo ecrnfc lcpct jnfanhcg rnsoek ensngctcf, jnjicftu
krcfh lcmcj enclccf lcrurct lcf lcmcj prksns trcfs`usn lcrcg.
Dnfos hkmkfhcf lcrcg

 Fk Hkmkfhcf Chmu

Ch muto
tofk
fkhn
hnf
f lc
lcmc
mcj
j sn
snmm lc
lcrc
rcg
g
lcrcg jnrcg
3. C C
9. I I
1. CI C LCF I
<. K -
Jcf`cct jnfhntcguo hkmkfhcf lcrcg ycotu 4

(3) Rrksns
Rrksns trcfs`
trcfs`usn
usn lcrcg
lcrcg
Iomc tnrdclo sniucg enanmceccf
enanmceccf pcrcg/infacfc
pcrcg/infacfc ctcu tnrenfc
tnrenfc spnfyceot
spnfyceot
ycfh jnjiutugecf trcfs`usn lcrcg lcf gcrus snhnrc jnflcpctecf icftucf
jcec lnfhcf jnfhntcguo hkmkfhcf lcrcg cecf jnjulcgecf prksns trcfs`usn
lcrcg tnrsniut.
(9)
(9) \n
\nrg
rgof
oflc
lcrr lcr
lcroo pnf
pnfyc
yceo
eott
Qnmcof gnjkmysos clc enmcofcf hnfntoa mcof ycfh duhc jnfhcfacj oiu
lcf icyo ycfh loceoictecf iomc clc pnrinlccf rgnsus lcro pcscfhcf sucjo
ostro. Cpciomc rgnsus fnhctovn snjnftcrc cycg jnjomoeo rgnsus pksoto`, iomc
tnrdclo engcjomcf lcpct inrnsoek tnrgclcp ensngctcf dcfof ycfh loecflufh.
Qcct lomceuecf pnjnroesccf hkmkfhcf lcrcg snsnkrcfh snecmohus cecf

loentcguo dnfos rgnsusfyc. Ygnsus (Yg) jnrupcecf pnfhhkmkfhcf ctcs clc

lnfhcf tolcefyc cftohnf-L, losniut lolcmcj lcrcg snsnkrcfh. Krcfh ycfh
lcmcj lcrcgfyc jnjpufyc cftohnf L lolcmcj lcrcg losniut rgnsus pksoto` ,
snlcfh krcfh ycfh lcmcj lcrcgfyc tolce lodujpco cftohnf ‑L losniut rgnsus
fnhcto
fnhctovn.
vn. Krcfh
Krcfh lnfhcf
lnfhcf rgnsus
rgnsus fnhcto
fnhctovn
vn jnjpuf
jnjpufyco
yco sndujm
sndujmcg
cg ensumo
ensumotcf
tcf
ecrnfc lolufoc ofo, dujmcg
dujmcg krcfh lnfhcf rgnsus
rgnsus fnhctovn
fnhctovn rnmctovn
rnmctovn snloeot.
Rclc krcfh eumot putog sneotcr 3>% pclc krcfh eumot gotcj sneotcr 7 %, lcf
 pclc krcfh csoc icgecf gcjpnr snmurugfyc jnrupcecf krcfh lnfhcf rgnsus
 pksoto`n.
 

Cpciomcc tnrlcpct
Cpciom tnrlcpct ofekftciomo
ofekftciomotcs
tcs rgnsus (entolceakakecf
(entolceakakecf rgnsus)
rgnsus) cecf
lcpct tnrdclo pnjineucf lcrcg ycfh inrceoict `ctcm, ycotu enjctocf pnfnrojc
lc
lcrc
rcg,
g, gc
gcmm ofo
ofo duhc
duhc lc
lcpc
pctt jnfo
jnfoji
jium
umec
ecf
f rn
rnso
soek
ek pc
pclc
lc oi
oiu
u gc
gcjo
jomm yc
ycfh
fh
jnfhcflufh icyo lnfhcf rgnsus ycfh inrinlc. ^jujfyc lodujpco pclc
krcfh csofh ctcu krcfh ycfh jnjpufyco hcros enturufcf csofh snpnrto Nrkpc
lcf Crci, fcjuf lnjoeocf tolce jnfutup enjufheofcf tnrlcpct duhc krcfh
ycfh tolce jnjpufyco rowcyct enturufcf csofh jnjomoeo rgnsus fnhctovn,
fcjuf dujmcgfyc mniog snloeot. Lo Oflkfnsoc, ecsus engcjomcf lnfhcf rgnsus
fnhcto`n tnrfyctc aueup icfyce lodujpco,tnrutcjc pclc pnrfoecgcf lnfhcf
rcs fkf-Csoc (Enjnftrocf Ensngctcf Ynpuimoe Oflkfnsoc, 9237).
a) Rnjnr
Rnjnroe
oesc
sccf
cf ^ro
^rof
f Yuto
Yutof
f
_cfh
_cfh lojc
lojces
esul
ul ln
lnfh
fhcf
cf pn
pnjn
jnro
roes
escc
ccf
f ur
urof
of ru
ruto
tof
f cl
clcm
cmcg
cg pn
pnjn
jnro
roes
escc
ccf
f
jcerks
jcerksekpo
ekpoe,
e, joerks
joerksekp
ekpe,
e, lcf eojoc
eojoc urof.
urof. Rnj
Rnjnro
nroesc
esccf
cf urof
urof rutof
rutof lom
lomceue
ceuecf
cf

uftue jnfhntcguo lcf jnjcftcu enmcofcf hofdcm/ scmurcf enjog tnrjcsue of`neso
scmurcf enjog (OQE) lcf jnflntneso pnfyceot jntcikmoa ctcu sostnjoe 
Rnjnroesccf urof rutof jnmoputo4
(3) Rnjnroesccf
Rnjnroesccf jcerksekpo
jcerksekpoe4
e4 wcrfc, vkmujn,
vkmujn, inrct dnfos,
dnfos, icul
icul cf RG urof.
(9) Rnjnroesccf
Rnjnroesccf joerksekpo
joerksekpoe4
e4 snlojnf urofrotrk
urofrotrksot,
sot, mneksot,
mneksot, somoflnr,
somoflnr, Erostcm,
Erostcm, lcf
npotnm.
(1) Rnjnro
Rnjnroesc
esccf
cf eojoc4
eojoc4 prktno
prktnof,
f, hmueks
hmueksc,
c, iom
iomoru
oruiof
iof,, urkiom
urkiomofk
ofkhnf
hnf,, lcf inflc-
inflc-
 inflc entkf.
l) QCLCFO
QCLCFOQ
Q (Rnroes
(Rnroescc Rcyulcr
Rcyulcrcc Emofos
Emofos))
Rnjnro
Rnjnroesc
esc emofos
emofos pcyulcr
pcyulcrcc loenrd
loenrdcec
cecf
f kmng
kmng tnfchc
tnfchc ensngc
ensngctcf
tcf ycfh tnr
tnrmct
mctog.
og.
QCLCFOQ
QCLCFOQ lomceuecf
lomceuecf sneurcfhfyc 1 tcguf snecmo ctcu cpcio
cpciomc
mc lotnjuecf
lotnjuecf clcfyc
cifkrjcmotcs pclc prksns QCLCYO (Rnroesc Rcyulcrc Qnfloro).
Qntnmcg lomceuecf sclcfos jcec lcpct lotnftuecf cpcecg jnjcfh infcr clc
enmco
enmcofcf
fcf lc
lcf
f cp
cpce
cecg
cg en
enmc
mcof
ofcf
cf tn
tnrj
rjcs
csue
ue enmco
enmcofcf
fcf do
dofc
fce,
e, hc
hcfc
fcs,
s, ct
ctcu
cu pnrmu
pnrmu
 pnjnroesccf mniog mcfdut sntnmcg jnjiutugecf ruduecf entofhect pnmcycfcf mniog
mcfdut.
n) OPC
OPC \nst
\nst ctcu
ctcu Rcp
Rcp Qjnc
Qjncrr (uftu
(uftue
e R^Q)
R^Q)

(3) OPC tn
tnst
 

OPC (ofspneso vosucm Csntct) jnrupcecf acrc snlnrgcfc uftue jnflntneso

ecfenr
ecfenr mngnr
mngnr Ycgoj
Ycgoj snlofo
snlofo jufheo
jufheof.
f. OPC jnrupc
jnrupcecf
ecf pnjnro
pnjnroesc
esccf
cf mngnr 
mngnr 
Ycgoj (snrvoes) lnfhcf acrc jnmogct mcfhsufh (lnfhcf jctc tnmcfdcfh) mngnr 
Ycgo
Ycgoj
j sn
sntn
tnmc
mcg
g jnju
jnjumc
mcss mn
mngn
gnrr mc
mcgo
gorr ln
lnfh
fhcf
cf mc
mcru
rutc
tcf
f cs
cscj
cj Csnt
Csntct
ct 1-
1->%
>%..
Rnjnroesccf OPC jnrupcecf scmcg sctu pnjnroesccf serofofh ecfenr mngnr 
Ycgoj ycfh mniog jurcg,prcetos,scfhct julcg uftue lomcescfcecf,pnrcmctcf
snlnrgcfc snrtc lcpct lomceuecf kmng lketnr, iolcf ctcu pnrcwct ycfh tnrmctog.
Rn
Rnjn
jnro
roes
escc
ccf
f OPC
OPC sn
snic
icoe
oefy
fycc lo
lomc
mceu
euec
ecf
f pc
pclc
lc pn
pnrn
rnjp
jpuc
ucf
f yc
ycfh
fh sulc
sulcg
g
jnmceuecf
jnmceuecf ekftce snesucm (iuecf gcfyc jnmceuecf
jnmceuecf guiufhcf
guiufhcf snesucm
snesucm tntcpo
tntcpo
tnrjcsue pnfhhufccf cmct ,dcro , lmm
Lntneso lofo ecfenr mngnr Ycgoj lnfhcf jntkln OPC lomceuecf lnfhcf
 dclwcm snichco inroeut4
(c) Qerofofh
Qerofofh pclc sntocp
sntocp pnrnjpucf jofojcm
jofojcm 3 ecmo pclc usoc 1>-<2
1>-<2 tcguf.

(i) Doec `csomotcs

`csomotcs jnjufheofecf mceuecf tocp 32 tcguf pclc usoc 1>->> tcguf.
(a) Doec `csomotcs
`csomotcs tnrsnloc mniog
mniog mceuecf tocp > tcguf pclc usoc 1>->> tcguf.
(l) Olncm lcf kptojcm
kptojcm pnjnroesccf
pnjnroesccf lomceuecf
lomceuecf sntocp 1 tcguf pclc pnrnjpucf
pnrnjpucf
usoc 9>-02 tcguf.
(n) Qerofofh
Qerofofh ycfh lomceuecf
lomceuecf snecmo lcmcj
lcmcj 32 tcguf ctcu snecmo
snecmo snujur golup
golup
jnjomoeo lcjpce ycfh aueup sohfo`oecf.
Lo Oflkfn
Oflkfnsoc
soc,, cfdurc
cfdurcf
f uftue
uftue jnmceu
jnmceuecf
ecf OPC iomc
iomc gcsom
gcsom pksot
pksoto`
o` (+)
clcmcg 3 tcguf lcf cpciomc fnhcto`n (-) clcmcg > tcguf.
(9) Rcs Qjncr 
Rnjnroesccf pcp sjncr clcmcg jntkln serofofh hofnekmkho ycfh lomceuecf
kmng lketnr ecflufhcf uftue jnjnroesc mngnr Ycgoj (snrvoes) pnjnroesccf
ofo lomceue
lomceuecf
cf pclc
pclc pnrnjp
pnrnjpucf
ucf ycfh sulcg
sulcg pnrfcg
pnrfcg jnmceu
jnmceuecf
ecf guiufhc
guiufhcf
f
snesucm,olncmfyc lomceuecf sntocp tcguf lcf wcdoi lomceuecf sntnmcg 1 tcguf
lcro ekftce snesucm pnrtcjc, icho pnrnjpucf ycfh sulcg jnfkpcusn pnrmu
lomceuecf pcp sjnsr sntocp 9-1 tcguf.

`) Rnjnro
Rnjnroesc
esccf
cf pnfuf
pnfufdcf
dcfh
h snesuc
snesucmm ofloe
ofloecso
cso
(3) Humc Lc
Lcrcg
 

Lcmcj enclccf fkrjcm tofhect humc lcpct inr`muetucso snpcfdcfh gcro, lcf
enicfycecf anflnrufh fcoe snmcjc ininrcpc dcj sntnmcg jcecf, tnrhcftufh
 pclc vkmujn ecrikgolrct ycfh loekfsujso.tuiug eotc jnjomoeo jnecfosjn
ycfh scfhct icoe uftue
uftue jnfhctur eclcr humc
humc lcrcg fkrjcm. Aclcfhcf hmueksc
losojp
losojpcf
cf lcmcj
lcmcj gcto
gcto snichco
snichco hmoekhn
hmoekhnf.h
f.hmoe
moekhnf
khnf clcmcg
clcmcg humc
humc lcmcj
lcmcj inftue 
inftue 
ycfh ekjpmnes lcf iocsc lotnjuecf logcto snrtc ktkt, ycfh `ufhsofyc snichco
aclcfhcf jcecfcf chcr julcg lopnacg enlcmcj cmorcf lcrcg entoec tnrdclo
 pnfurufcf eclcr humc.
Locintns Jnmotus (LJ) lotnhceecf ctcs lcscr pnjnroesccf eclcr hmueksc
lcrcg.
lcrcg. Rnjnro
Rnjnroesc
esccf
cf hmueks
hmuekscc lcrcg
lcrcg ycfh
ycfh locfdu
locfdurec
recf
f clcmcg
clcmcg pnjnro
pnjnroesc
esccf
cf
hmueksc snacrc nfzojctoe lnfhcf icgcf lcrcg pmcsjc vnfc. Rnjcftcucf gcsom
 pnfhkictcf lcpct lo mceuecf lnfhcf jnfhhufcecf pnjnroesccf hmoeksc lcrcg
ecpomnr lnfhcf hmuekjntnr.

Rnjnroesccf hmueksc pucsc 6390 jh/lm. Rucsc clcmcg ekfloso tolce clc
csupcf ecmkro jofojcm
jofojcm 7 dcj ctcu pnjnroesccf
pnjnroesccf hmueksc pmcsjc ≮922 jh lm 9
 dcj sntnmcg nstkmnrcfso hmueksc krcm (\\HK) lnfhcf inicf 8> hrcj.(pnrofhect
 iueto I) ctcu pnjnroesccf hmueksc pmcsjc snwcetu ≮922 jh lm lnfhcf
enmugcf emcsoe ctcu pnjnroesccf GiC3a 6 0,>% lnfhcf jnfhhufcecf jntkln
Gohg-pnr`krjcfan Moquol Agrkjctkhrcpgy (GRMA) ycfh tnrstcflcroscso kmng
 Fctokfcm Hmyakgcnjkhmkiof Qtcflcrozctocf Rrkhrcj (FHQR).
(9) Ycpol tns jcmcroc
jcmcroc lcf snloccf
snloccf lcrcg
lcrcg cpus
cpus jcmcroc.
jcmcroc.
Rnjnroesccf lcrcg jcmcroc lomceuecf pclc lcrcg rnjcdc, actof, lcf R^Q
ycfh inrclc lolcnrcg nflnjos jcmcroc lcmcj rcfhec serofofh. Rnjnroesccf
lolc
lolcnr
nrcg
cg fkfnf
fkfnflnj
lnjos
os jcmc
jcmcro
rocc lo
lomc
mceue
euecf
cf cp
cpci
ciom
omcc cl
clcc of
oflo
loec
ecso
so.. Ycpo
Ycpol
l
Lochfks
Lochfksto
toaa \nst
\nst (YL\)
(YL\) clcmcg
clcmcg pnjnro
pnjnroesc
esccf
cf ycfh
ycfh lomceue
lomceuecf
cf inrlcs
inrlcscre
crecf
cf
cftohnf pcrcsot jcmcroc lnfhcf ojkfkarkjctkhrc`o lcmcj inftue lopstoa. \ns
ofo lohufcecf pclc wcetu tnrdclo EMI ctcu uftue jnjnroesc jcmcroc pclc
lc
lcnr
nrcg
cg tn
tnrp
rpnf
nfao
aomm yc
ycfh
fh tolce
tolce tn
tnrs
rsnl
nloc
oc mc
mcik
ikrc
rctk
tkro
rouj
uj,, lo
loicf
icflo
lofhe
fhecf
cf ud
udoo
jo
joar
arks
ksekp
ekpos
os,, tn
tnss ofo
ofo jnjp
jnjpufy
ufyco
co en
enmn
mnio
iogc
gcf
f yc
ycot
otu
u gc
gcso
somm pn
pnfhu
fhudo
docf
cf an
anpct
pct
lopnrkmng, snicoefyc lopomog YL\ lnfhcf tofhect snfsoto`otcs lcf spnso`otcs

mn
mnio
iog
g lc
lcro
ro ?> %. Gcso
Gcsomf
mfyc
yc lolc
lolcpc
pcte
tecf
cf lc
lcmc
mcj
j 3>
3>-9
-92
2 jnfo
jnfot.
t. rL\
rL\ io
iosc
sc
 

jnjc
jnjcst
stoe
oecf
cf cp
cpce
cecg
cg dn
dnfo
foss pc
pcrc
rcso
sott yc
ycfh
fh cl
clcc lo
lolc
lcmc
mcj
j lc
lcrc
rcg
g ot
otu
u cl
clcm
cmcg
cg
 pcmsjklouj`cmaopcru ctcu dnfos mcof.
Qn
Qnmc
mcof
of tn
tnss YL\,
YL\, jcmc
jcmcro
rocc duhc
duhc io
iosc
sc lo
lolo
loch
chks
ksoo ln
lnfhc
fhcf
f pn
pnjn
jnro
roes
escc
ccf
f
joerksekpos, ycotu lnfhcf pnjnroesccf snloccf lcrcg tnicm lcf snloccf lcrcg
topos. \ns ofo iosc jnjcstoecf eninrlccf dnfos pcrcsot jcmcroc lcmcj lcrcg
snrtc prkpkrso snm lcrcg jnrcg ycfh tnrof`eso.
(1) \ns GO
GOP
\n
\nss GO
GOP
P tn
tnru
rutc
tcjc
jc lomc
lomceu
euecf
ecf pc
pclc
lc rn
rnjc
jcdc
dc,, ac
acto
tof
f lc
lcf
f R^Q
R^Q lo
lolc
lcnr
nrcg
cg
tnrekfsnftrcso GOP lcf inrnsoek tofhho tnrof`neso GOP, sntocp rnjcdc acto, lcf
R^Q lotcwcrecf uftue lomceuecf ekfsnmofh lcf tns GOP iomc clc ofloecso
cftcrcc mcof jnjpufyco
cftcr jnjpufyco tcflc-tcflc
tcflc-tcflc emofos/of
emofos/of`neso
`neso kpkrtufost
kpkrtufostoe
oe GOP-COLQ
GOP-COLQ
jnjpufyco pnromceu snes inrnsoek lcf hndcmc OJQ. \ngfoe ofo losniut prkvoln
ofo tnctnl tnstofh cfl akfanmofh (RO\A) ctcu ekfsnmofh lcf tnstofh ctcs ofosocso

 pntuhcs (E\OR) doec gcsom tns GOP pksoto` snhnrc rudue uftue jnflcpctecf
kict Cfto Yntrkvorcm \rnctjnft (CY\) (Enjnfens, 9231).
(<)
(<) \I/
\I/ Qput
Qputuj
uj I\C
I\C
Rnjnroesccf Qputuj I\C lomceuecf pclc rnjcdc, actof lcf R^Q ycfh
jnjpufyco tcflc emofos ictue mniog lcro luc jofhhu, lnjcj, enrofhct pclc
jcmcj gcro, pnfurufcf inrct iclcf, lcf mcoffyc. Iomc pnjnroescccf sputuj
I\C pksoto`, loinroecf pnfhkictcf \I KC\, jofojcm 0 iumcf
(>) \ns OOJ
JQ
\ns OJQ lomceuecf doec clc enmugcf acorcf lcro enmucf ycfh cifkrjcm,
muecc mnant,
mue mnant, pnjinf
pnjinfhece
hececf
cf enmnfd
enmnfdrc
rc hntcg
hntcg infofh
infofh lopcfhe
lopcfhecm
cm pcgc,
pcgc, clc
clcfyc
fyc
vnhntcs
vnhntcso/
o/acfl
acflom
omkjc,
kjc, dnfhhnr
dnfhhnr cycj
cycj loenjc
loenjcmuc
mucf,
f, lcf rcsc
rcsc hctcm/
hctcm/tnr
tnrice
icecr 
cr 
loenjc
loenjcmuc
mucf.
f. Rnjnro
Rnjnroesc
esccf
cf OJQ lom
lomceue
ceuecf
cf snlofo
snlofo jufheo
jufheof
f pclc pcscfh
pcscfhcf
cf
snesucm sninmuj tnrdclofyc engcjomcf
(0) GisCh
Qcmcg sctu of`neso ycfh lcpct jnfynrcfh krhcf gcto clcmcg of`neso vorus
Gnpctotos I. Gnpctotos I jnfumcr jnmcmuo lcrcg lcf acorcf tuiug ( spnrjc lcf
acorcf vchofc) jnmcmuo ekftce snesucm lnfhcf pnflnrotc Gnpctotos I. Inrichco

 dcruj suftoe lnfhcf pnflnrotc Gnpctotos I lcf duhc oiu gcjom ycfh jnflnrotc
 

gnpctotos I pclc scct pnrscmofcf. ^ftue jnflochfksos Gnpctosos I lomceuecf

 pnjnroesccf GisCh. Iomc GisCh pksoto` jnfufdueecf icgwc krhcf gcto
tnrof`neso vorus ofo.
(8) \KYAG
\KYA
\KYAG
G cl
clcm
cmcg
cg su
suct
ctu
u pn
pnfyc
fyceo
eott yc
ycfh
fh lo
losn
snic
icie
iecf
cf km
kmng
ng of
of`n
`nes
esoo vo
voru
russ
\eskpmcsjc Hkfloo, Yuinmmc, Aytkjnhcmkvorus (AJP), lcf gnrpns sojpmnx
vorus OO (GQP-OO). \KYAG lcpct lotumcrecf jnmcmuo ekfsujso jcecfcf lcf
scyurcf ycfh tolce inrsog lcf tolce lojcsce snjpurfc ctcu sntnfhcg jctcfh,
ektkrcf ycfh tnrof`neso vorus \KYAG lcf duhc pclc oiu gcjom en dcfof.
\KYAG
\KYAG lcpct
lcpct jnfoji
jnfojiume
umecf
cf jcscmc
jcscmcg
g ensuiur
ensuiurcf
cf (of`nr
(of`nrto
tomot
motcs)
cs) icoj
icoj pclc
pclc
 pnrnjpucf jcupuf mceo-mceo sngofhhc jnfyniciecf sumot tnrdclofyc
engcjom
engcjomcf,
cf, enacact
enacactcf
cf dcfof,
dcfof, lcf rnsoek
rnsoek enhuhur
enhuhurccf. Rnjnro
Rnjnroesccf
esccf \KYAG
lcpct lomceuecf iomc clc ofloecso ctcs scrcf lketnr.

(7)
(7) Lcrc
Lcrcg
g mn
mnfh
fhec
ecp
p
Rnjnroescc
Rnjnroesccf
f lcrcg mnfhecp lomceuecf
lomceuecf uftue jnflntneso
jnflntneso clcfyc enmcofcf
 pclc lcrcg lcf ekjpkfnffyc ycfh lcpct jnfhhcjicrecf ekfloso tuiug
snacrc
snacrc ujuj.
ujuj. Enmcof
Enmcofcf
cf ycfh
ycfh lcpct
lcpct lolntn
lolntneso
eso lnfhcf
lnfhcf pnjnro
pnjnroesc
esccf
cf lcrcg
lcrcg
mnfhecp cftcrc mcof 5 cfnjoc, eneurcfhcf cscj `kmct, lcf icgecf pnfyceot
hn
hnfnt
fntoe
oe sn
snpn
pnrt
rtoo tc
tcmc
mcsn
snjo
jocc lc
lcro
ro gn
gnjk
jk`o
`omo
moc.
c. Rn
Rnjn
jnro
roes
escc
ccf
f lcrcg
lcrcg mn
mnfhe
fhecp
cp
loscrcfecf enpclc pcsonf ycfh lctcfh losnrtco lnfhcf suctu hndcmc emofos, lcf
 doec lolcpctecf gcsom lomucr fomco fkrjcm, pnrmu lomceuecf pnjnroesccf mcfdutcf
ycfh mniog spnso`oe.
l. EON ensngct
ensngctcf
cf jcsc sninmuj
sninmuj gcjom uftue
uftue acmkf pnfhcft
pnfhcftof
of (Actof)
(Actof) lcf pcscfhcf
pcscfhcf usoc
usoc
suiur (R^Q)
3) Rnfhnt
Rnfhntcguc
cgucf
f Ensngct
Ensngctcf
cf Ynprk
Ynprklues
luesoo
c) Rnfh
Rnfhnr
nrttoc
ocf
f
Enclccf sngct snacrc `osoe, jnftcm lcf sksocm snacrc utug, tolce snjctc-jctc
 inics lcro pnfyceot ctcu enacactcf ycfh inrecotcf lnfhcf sostnj, `ufhso lcf
 prksns rnprklueso.
 i) Rnftofhfyc ensngctcf rnprklueso
 

(3)
(3) Acto
Actof
f lc
lcf
f R^Q
R^Q pn
pnmu
mu jnfhn
jnfhntc
tcguo
guo of
of`k
`krj
rjcs
csoo en
ensn
sngc
gctc
tcf
f rn
rnpr
prkl
klues
uesoo uf
uftu
tue 
e 
jnfdcmcfecf prksns, `ufhso lcf pnromceu rnprklueso ycfh sngct lcf cjcf.
(9) Actof pnrnjpucf
pnrnjpucf lcf Xcfotc
Xcfotc usoc suiur (X^Q) cecf
cecf jnfdclo acmkf oiu ycfh
gcrus jnjpnrsocpecf
jnjpnrsocpecf engcjomcffyc
engcjomcffyc chcr lcpct jnmcgorecf
jnmcgorecf cfce ycfh sngct
lcf inreucmotcs
(1)
(1) Mc
Mceo
eo-m
-mce
ceoo ac
acto
tof
f lc
lcf
f us
usoc
oc su
suiur
iur ce
cecf
cf jnfd
jnfdcl
cloo cy
cycg
cg ycfh
ycfh gc
gcru
russ jnjo
jnjomo
moeo
eo
ensngctcf
ensngctcf ycfh icoe lcf inrpcrtoso
inrpcrtosopcso
pcso lcmcj pnrnfacfccf
pnrnfacfccf enmucrhc, snpnrto
snpnrto
jnfh
jnfhhu
hufc
fcec
ecf
f cm
cmct
ct ekft
ekftrc
rcssnps
npso sn
snrrtc jnflu
nflueu
eufh
fh engc
engcj
jom
omcf
cf lcf
lcf
 pnrscmofcfycfh cjcf.
(<) Mceo-mceo
Mceo-mceo lcf pnrnjpucf
pnrnjpucf jnjpufyco rnsoek jcscmcg
jcscmcg ensngctcf rnprklueso
rnprklueso
tnrgclc
tnrgclcp
p pnfumc
pnfumcrcf
rcf pnfyceo
pnfyceot,
t, pnrnjp
pnrnjpucf
ucf mniog
mniog rnftcf
rnftcf tnr
tnrgclc
gclcp
p jcscmc
jcscmcg
g
ensngctcf
ensngctcf rnprklueso
rnprklueso ycfh tnrdclo
tnrdclo pclc scct inrguiufhcf
inrguiufhcf snesucm, gcjom,
jnmcgorecf, fo`cs, enhuhurcf lcf pnjcecocf cmct ekftrcsnpso, ecrnfc struetur 

cmct rnprkluesofyc mniog rnftcf snacrc sksocm jcupuf`osoe tnrgclcp pnfumcrcf

of`neso jnfumcr snesucm tnrjcsue GOP
(>) Mceo-m
Mceo-mceo
ceo lcf pnrnjpucf
pnrnjpucf jnjpufy
jnjpufyco
co gcelcf
gcelcf enwcdo
enwcdoicf
icf ycfh scjc uftue 
uftue 
jnfdchc ensngctcf rnprklueso
a) Rnfnrc
Rnfnrcpcf
pcf ensntc
ensntcrcc
rccf
f hnflnr
hnflnr lcmcj
lcmcj pnrfoec
pnrfoecgcf
gcf
(3) Rnrfoe
Rnrfoecgc
cgcf
f ycfh
ycfh olncm
olncm lcpct
lcpct tnrdcl
tnrdcloo entoec
entoec pnrjpu
pnrjpucf
cf lcf mceo-m
mceo-mceo
ceo lcpct
scmofh jnfhgkrjcto lcf jnfhgcrhco sctu scjc mcof, joscmfyc 4
(c
(c)) Lcmc
Lcmcj
j jnfh
jnfhcj
cjio
iomm en
enpu
putu
tusc
scf
f lc
lcmc
mcj
j ru
rujc
jcg
g tc
tcfh
fhhc
hc lo
lomc
mceu
euec
ecf
f sn
snac
acrc
rc
 inrscjc-scjc lcf tolce jnjcescecf nhk jcsofh-jcsofh.
(i) Qucjo-ostr
Qucjo-ostroo scmofh jnjicftu
jnjicftu lcmcj pnerdccf
pnerdccf rujcg tcfhhc, pnfhcsugcf
lcf pnfloloecf cfce.
(a) Engcjomcf
Engcjomcf jnrupcecf
jnrupcecf tcfhhufh
tcfhhufh dcwci inrscjc.
inrscjc.
(l) Mceo-mceo jnflueufh tnrmcescfcfyc pnjinrocf CQO Nsemuso`.
(9) Rnrfoecgcf ycfh icgchoc gcrus tnrinics lcro gcm-gcm inroeut 4
(c) Enenrc
Enenrcscf
scf `osoe 
`osoe 
(i) Enenrcscf
Enenrcscf snacrc
snacrc psoeos
psoeos
(a) Enenrc
Enenrcscf
scf snesu
snesucm
cm

(l) Rnfnmcftcrc
Rnfnmcftcrcf
f rujcg
rujcg tcfhhc
tcfhhc
 

l) Gce lcf ensngc

ensngctcf
tcf rnprkl
rnprklues
uesoo
3) Gce rnprklueso
rnprklueso clcmcg
clcmcg gce cscso
cscso jcfusoc
jcfusoc ycfh lojomo
lojomoeo
eo kmng sntocp
sntocp pcscfhcf
pcscfhcf
ycfh inrecotcf lnfhcf engolupcf rnprkluesofyc.
9) Of`krjcso
Of`krjcso ensngctcf
ensngctcf rnprklues
rnprkluesoo ycfh pnrmu loscjpcoecf
loscjpcoecf
c) Ensngctcf
Ensngctcf rnprklu
rnprklueso,
eso, pnrjcscmcgcf
pnrjcscmcgcf lcf acrc
acrc jnfhctc
jnfhctcsofyc
sofyc
 i) Rnfumcrcf Rnfyceot jnfumcr snesucm lcf GOP-COLQ, lcf acrc
jnfhctcsofyc
a) Rnmcycfcf
Rnmcycfcf EI,
EI, jnfhntc
jnfhntcguo
guo lcf
lcf jnjcgcj
jnjcgcjoo n`ne
n`ne scjpofh
scjpofh
l) Actof
Actof inrgce
inrgce jnflcpc
jnflcpctec
tec eniutugcf
eniutugcf rnprkl
rnprklues
uesofy
ofycc sngofh
sngofhhc
hc jnmcgo
jnmcgorec
recf
f
 icyo ycfh inreucmotcs jumco lcro sninmuj gcjom scjpco jcsc fo`cs.
n) Rnro
Rnromc
mceu
eu yc
ycfh
fh sn
snic
icoe
oefy
fycc logo
logofl
flcr
croo lc
lcmc
mcj
j ce
ceto
to`o
`otc
tcss sn
snes
esuc
ucmm uf
uftu
tue
e jnfd
jnfdch
chcc
ensngctcf rnprklueso
3) Jnmceuecf
Jnmceuecf guiufhcf
guiufhcf snesucm
snesucm pclc
pclc scct jnfstr
jnfstrucso
ucso lcf
lcf jcsc fo`cs
fo`cs

9) Jnmceuecf
Jnmceuecf guiufhcf
guiufhcf snesucm
snesucm jnmcmuo
jnmcmuo luiur lcf jumut
jumut
`) Acrc
Acrc jnr
jnrcw
cwct
ct krh
krhcf
cf rnp
rnprk
rklu
lues
esoo
Mceo-mceo lcf Rnrnjpucf Mceo-mceo
pnrnjpucf
 Rcecocf lcmcj  Inrsogecf krhcf  Jnfdchc
lohcfto jofojcm luc rn
rnpr
prkl
klue
ueso
so lc
lcro
ro ln
lnpc
pcf
f eninrsogcf
ecmo sngcro scjpco eninmcecfh krhcf enmcjof
 Jnfhhufcecf lnfhcf jnfhhufcecf cor   Lo cfdurecf
 pcecocf lcmcj ycfh  inrsog lcf loenrofhecf sufct uftue 
jnfy
jnfynr
nrcp
cp enrof
enrofhc
hctt  Qnicoefyc tolce   jnfdchc
lcf acorcf jnfh
jnfhhu
hufc
fcec
ecf
f aco
acorcf eninrsogcf
 Inrsogecf krhc
hcf
f  pnjiomcs vchofc ecrnfc eumup
enmcjof scjpco lcpct jnjiufug icetnro  Doec clc
 inrsog lcf enrofh  icoe lcmcj vchofc lcf en
enmu
mugc
gcf
f pc
pclc
lc
 Jnfhhufcecf jnjoau tujiugfyc krhcf
krhcf enmcjo
enmcjof
f
anm
anmcfc
cfc ycfh
ycfh tolce 
olce   dcjur  lcf lcnrcg
entct  Romogm
Romogmcg
cg pnjicm
pnjicmut
ut ycfh sneotc
sneotcr,
r, snhnrc
snhnrc


Jnjinrsogecf  inreucmotcs ycfh mnjiut jnjnroescecf
 

krhcf enmcjof lcf

lcf jnjpu
njpufy
fyco
co lcyc
lcyc loroo enpntu
lor enpntuhcs
hcs
sntnmcg ICE lcf snrcp ycfh tofhho, dcfhcf ensngctcf
ICI jnjcecf pnjicmut
lcmcj wcetu ycfh mcjc
 Do
Doec
ec sn
snro
rofh
fh en
enpu
puto
togc
gcf,
f,
 inricu, inrwcrfc lcf
tnrcsc hctcm, snrtc
enmugcf krhcf
rnprklueso mcoffyc
sn
snhr
hrnr
nrcc jnjn
jnjnro
roes
esce
cecf
cf
loro en pntuhcs ensngctcf

h) Rn
Rnsscf ^t
^tcj
cjcc

Actof lcf R^Q pnrmu jnfhntcguo acrc jnfdchc krhcf rnprkluesofyc sngofhhc
lcpct jnmceuecf `ufhso rnprklueso snacrc inrtcfhhufh dcwci.
9) Engcjo
Engcjomcf
mcf lcf
lcf pnrnfac
pnrnfacfcc
fccf
f engcjom
engcjomcf
cf
c) Eng
ngccjomcf
(3) Engcjo
Engcjomcf
mcf clcmcg
clcmcg jcsc
jcsc lojcfc
lojcfc snkrcf
snkrcfh
h pnrnjp
pnrnjpucf
ucf jnjomo
jnjomoeo
eo dcfof
dcfof ycfh
ycfh
snlcfh
snlcfh tujiug
tujiug lolcmc
lolcmcj
j tuiugfy
tuiugfycc sntocp
sntocp engcjo
engcjomcf
mcf gcrus
gcrus lornfac
lornfacfce
fcecf,
cf,
loofhofecf lcf lodchc pnrenjicfhcffyc lnfhcf icoe.
(9) Actof pnrmu jnfhntcguo
jnfhntcguo tcflc-tcflc
tcflc-tcflc engcjomcf
engcjomcf chcr jnjpufyco
jnjpufyco pnjcgcjcf
lcf enpnlumocf iomc enmce gcjom, jnjpnrsocpecf loro uftue gcjom lcf inrscmof
snacrc sngct lcf cjcf.
(1) Rnrmu lopnrgctoec
lopnrgctoecf
f iomc snsnkrcfh pnrnjpucf
pnrnjpucf snlcfh gcjom.
(c
(c)) Oiu
Oiu gc
gcjo
jomm tn
tntc
tcp
p lc
lcpc
pctt jnmc
jnmceu
euec
ecf
f ce
ceto
to`o
`otc
tcss ru
ruto
tof
f lnfh
lnfhcf
cf jnfd
jnfdch
chcc
ensngctcf lcf ostorcgct ycfh aueup
(i) \olce ikmng jnfhekfs
jnfhekfsujso
ujso kict-kictcf
kict-kictcf lomucr
lomucr cfdurcf
cfdurcf lketnr.
lketnr.
(a) Ikmng
Ikmng jnmceuecf
jnmceuecf guiufhc
guiufhcf
f snesuc
snesucmm lcf tntcp jnjpnrg
jnjpnrgcto
ctoecf
ecf ekfloso
ekfloso
ensngctcf oiu lcf dcfof.
 i) Rnrnfacfccf engcjomcf
 

(3) Rnrnfacfccf
Rnrnfacfccf engcjomcf
engcjomcf clcmcg pnfhcturcf
pnfhcturcf ecpcf usoc olncm lcf sct ycfh tnpct
uftue gcjom snrtc jnfhctur dcrce engcjomcf lcf dujmcg cfce 
(9) Rnrnfacfccf
Rnrnfacfccf engcjomcf
engcjomcf inrtuducf
inrtuducf uftue jnfanhcg
jnfanhcg 4
(c) \nrmcm
\nrmcmu
u julc =9
=92
2 tcguf
tcguf
(i) \nrmcm
\nrmcmu
u \uc 6 1> \cg
\cguf
uf
(a) \nrmcmu
\nrmcmu lnect dcrce
dcrce engcjomcf
engcjomcf (=9
(=9 \cguf)
(l) \nrmcmu
\nrmcmu snrofh
snrofh gcjom
gcjom 6 1 cfce 
Iomc tnrdclo engcjomcf lnfhcf < ectnhkro lo ctcs cecf inrlcjpce tolce icoe 
uftue ensngctcf oiu lcf cfce. Engcjomcf pnrmu lornfacfcecf ecrnfc tocp actof
logcrcpecf jnjomoeo ensngctcf ycfh icoe lcf tnrgoflcr lcro pnfyceot.

a) Qerofo
Qerofofh
fh lcf
lcf Ojufos
Ojufoscso
cso \ntcfus
\ntcfus
X^Q pnrmu jnflcpct ojufoscso tntcfus uftue jnfanhcg lcf jnmoflufho loro
tnrgclc
tnrgclcp
p pnfyceo
pnfyceott tntcfus
tntcfus sngofh
sngofhhc
hc jnjomo
jnjomoeo
eo enenicm
enenicmcf
cf snujur
snujur golup
golup uftue 
uftue 
jnmoflufho oiu lcf icyo tnrgclcp pnfyceot tntcfus. Qntocp X^Q (3>-<? tcguf)
logcrcpecf sulcg jnfacpco stctus \>. X^Q pnrmu jnrudue pclc stctus ojufoscso
tnrcegor pclc scct gcjom cpciomc sninmujfyc sulcg pnrfcg gcjom.
\cinm 3.9 Ojufoscso \\ pclc X^Q

Qtctus \\ Oftnrvcm Mcjc

\\3 2
\\9 < jofhhu sntnmcg \\3 1 tcguf
\\1 0 iumcf sntnmcg \\9 > tcguf
\\< 3 tcguf sntnmcg \\1 32 tcguf
\\> 3 tcguf sntnmcg \\< 9> tcguf
l) Jn
Jntk
tkln
ln ek
ekft
ftrc
rcsn
snps
psoo yc
ycfh
fh lcpct
lcpct lohufc
lohufcecf
ecf uftue
uftue pn
pnfuf
fuflc
lccf
cf lc
lcf
f pn
pnfd
fdcr
crcf
cfhcf
hcf
engcjomcf.
(3) Jntkln ekftrcsnp
ekftrcsnpso
so dcfhec pcfdcfh
pcfdcfh (JEDR)
(JEDR)
(c) Cmct ekftrcs
ekftrcsnpso
npso lcmcj
lcmcj rcgoj (CELY)
(CELY)
(i)
(i) Ojpm
Ojpmcf
cf
(a) Jntkln
Jntkln kpnrcso
kpnrcso wcfotc
wcfotc (JKX)
(JKX)
(l) Jntkln
Jntkln kpnrcso
kpnrcso proc
proc (JKR)
(JKR)
(9) Fkf jntkln ekftrcsnpso
ekftrcsnpso dcfhec
dcfhec pcfdcfh (fkf-JEDR)
(fkf-JEDR)

(c) Jntkln
Jntkln Cjnfkrn
Cjnfkrn Mcetcs
Mcetcsoo JCM)
JCM)
 

(i)
(i) Ekfl
Ekflkj
kj
(a
(a)) EI Qu
Quft
ftoe 
oe 
(l)
(l) EI Rom
Rom
1) Ekfloso
Ekfloso lcf pnfyceo
pnfyceott ycfh pnrmu lowcspclco
lowcspclco pclc prcekfsnp
prcekfsnpso
so
c) Ekflo
Ekfloso
so loic
loicwc
wcg
g ofo
ofo pn
pnrm
rmu
u lowc
lowcsp
spcl
clco
co pclc
pclc ac
acto
tof
f ycfh
ycfh ce
cecf
cf jnrn
jnrnfac
facfc
fcecf
ecf
engcjomcf
(3)
(3) Cfnj
Cfnjoc
oc
(9) Jcmfutroso
Jcmfutroso (Kinsot
(Kinsotcs,
cs, ENE, lmm)
(1) Gopnrtnfso
Gopnrtnfso lcmcj engcjom
engcjomcf
cf
(<) Ensngctcf
Ensngctcf jumut(acro
jumut(acrons,pnf
ns,pnfyceot
yceot pnroklkftcm
pnroklkftcm,lmm)
,lmm)
 i) Rnfyceot-pnfyceot ycfh pnrmu lowcspclco pclc actof
(3)
(3) GO
GOP
P COL
COLQ
Q
(9) Of`neso
Of`neso Jnfumcr
Jnfumcr Qnesucm
Qnesucm (OJQ)
(OJQ)

(1) Gnpcto
Gnpctotos
tos I
(<) Locint
Locintns
ns Jnmotus
Jnmotus
(>)
(>) \KYA
\KYAG
G
(0)
(0) Jcmc
Jcmcro
rocc
(8) Rnfyceot
Rnfyceot Hnfntoe (tcmcsnjoc
(tcmcsnjoc lcf gnjk`omoc)
gnjk`omoc)
(7) Lnprns
Lnprnso/h
o/hnfnt
nfntoe.
oe.
<) Jnfdch
Jnfdchcc eniuhcr
eniuhcrcf
cf lcf ensn
ensngct
gctcf
cf tuiug
tuiug
Lcpct lomceuecf lnfhcf acrc kmcgrchc ycfh tnrctur. Cetovotcs `osoe/kmcgrchc tolce 
 pnrmu lomceuecf snmcjc inrdcj-dcj. Aueup 1 ecmo lcmcj snjofhhu snmcjc 3/9 dcj,
lcf mceuec
mceuecf
f snacrc
snacrc rutof.
rutof. Jcf`cc
Jcf`cctt kmcgrc
kmcgrchc
hc snmcof
snmcof jnfyng
jnfyngcte
ctecf,
cf, duh
duhcc jnfanh
jnfanhcg
cg
tnrdclofyc enmniogcf inrct iclcf.

Inrct iclcf ycfh sngct jnjicftu pnjiucgcf lcf engcjomcf jnjiuct mniog
fycjcf. Lont pnfurufcf inrct iclcf gcrus infcr-infcr loekftrkm chcr lcpct cjcf
snmcjc engcjomcf, tnrutcjc loscrcfecf uftue wcfotc ycfh jnfhcmcjo enmniogcf inrct
 iclcf snrous, tntcpo gcrus losnrtco lnfhcf snmcmu inrekfsumtcso lnfhcf lketnr lcf ctcs
rnekjn
rnekjnflcs
flcsoo cgmo
cgmo hozo.
hozo. Inrct
Inrct iclcf
iclcf eurcfh
eurcfh lcpct
lcpct jnfhhc
jnfhhcfhhu
fhhu ensuiur
ensuiurcf
cf ecrnfc
ecrnfc
eneurcfhcf
eneurcfhcf dujmcg mnjce ycfh loiutugecf
loiutugecf tuiug. Qnjnftcrc
Qnjnftcrc enmniogcf inrct iclcf
lcpct jnjpnfhcrugo prksns kvumcso jnfdclo tolce tnrctur. Qnmcof otu, enmniogcf inrct
 

 iclcf inrosoek mniog inscr uftue jnfhcmcjo ekjpmoecso, snpnrto tnecfcf lcrcg tofhho
lcf locintns snmcjc engcjomcf.

>) Jnfhgn
Jnfhgnfto
ftoecf
ecf eniocsc
eniocsccf
cf iuru
iurue
e
Eniocsccf jnrkeke, jofuj cmekgkm, ctcu icgecf jnfhhufcecf fcrekic, lcpct

jnfyniciecf inrichco jcscmcg snmcjc engcjomcf, duhc dcfof ycfh loecflufh,

jnfyniciecf loecflufh, Icyo
lcpct mcgor prnjctur, mcgor lnfhcf acact icwccf gofhhc enjctocf dcfof. Rnrnjpucf
ycfh jofuj cmekgkm jnjomoeo enjufheofcf rnflcg uftue iosc gcjom. Qnlcfhecf
uftue
uftue ecuj proc,
proc, jofuj
jofuj cmekgkm
cmekgkm lcpct
lcpct jnjpnfh
jnjpnfhcru
crugo
go eucmot
eucmotcs
cs spnrjc
spnrjc lnfhcf
lnfhcf
jnfurufecf tofhect tnstkstnrkf lcf iosc jnfyniciecf tnstos mcyu. Inhotu pumc rkeke 
lcpct jnfuruecf ensuiurcf icoe pclc pnrnjpucf jcupuf mceo-mceo. Ycauf pclc
rkeke
rkeke lcpct
lcpct jnfhce
jnfhceoic
oictec
tecf
f enrusc
enruscecf
ecf erkjks
erkjkskj
kj pclc
pclc tnm
tnmur,
ur, lcf jnmnjc
jnmnjcgecf
gecf
enjcjpucf uftue jnfhgcsomecf nstrkhnf ycfh scfhct lopnrmuecf uftue jnfyocpecf
mcposc
mcposcf
f rcgoj
rcgoj jnfdnm
jnfdnmcfh
cfh engcjom
engcjomcf.
cf. Icho
Icho mceo-m
mceo-mceo
ceo,, rkeke
rkeke inrpnf
inrpnfhcr
hcrug
ug tnr
tnrgcl
gclcp
cp
eucmotcs lcf eucftotcs spnrjc. Enjcucf spnrjc jnjiucgo snm tnmur lopnfhcrugo kmng
eucmot
eucmotcs
cs lcf eucftot
eucftotcs
cs spnrjc
spnrjctkz
tkzkc.
kc. Rclc
Rclc pnfnmo
pnfnmotoc
tocf
f ycfh lom
lomceu
ceuecf,
ecf, pnrsnf
pnrsnftcs
tcsnn
wcfotc pcsonf lo emofoe `nrtomotcs YQO Qumtcf Chufh ycfh tnrpcpcr cscp rkeke sninscr 
>1,1
>1,1 %. Gcm ofo jnfufd
jnfufduecf
uecf icgwc wcfotc
wcfotc ycfh tnr
tnrpcp
pcpcr
cr cscp
cscp rkeke
rkeke jnjomo
jnjomoeo
eo
enanflnrufhcf jnfhcmcjo of`nrtom (Gcmojcg & Xofcrfo, 9237).

0) Jnfofh
Jnfofhect
ectecf
ecf csupcf
csupcf jcecf
jcecfcf
cf inrhoz
inrhozoo
Rnrsocpcf engcjomcf sngct jnjcfh scfhct pnftofh tnrecot lnfhcf jcecfcf lcf
futroso ycfh loek fsujso.
fsujso. Qcmcg sctu acrc ycfh lcpct lomceuecf clcmcg jnfhctur pkmc
jcecf lnfhcf profsop hozo snojicfh, jnjpnricfyce ekfsujso iucg lcf scyurcf,
jnfhgoflcro jcecfcf ycfh jnfhcflufh zct-zct cloto` snpnrto pnfynlcp, pnfhcwnt,
lc
lcf
f pn
pnwc
wcrf
rfc.
c. Ecfl
Ecflufh
ufhcf
cf rc
rclo
loec
ecmm in
inics
ics lc
lcro
ro zc
zctt cl
clot
oto`
o` tn
tnrs
rsni
niut
ut lc
lcpc
pctt jnjo
jnjoau
au
tnrdclofyc jutcso hnfntoe pclc cfce sngofhhc jnfyniciecf enmcofcf `osoe, lcf acact
ekfhnfotcm.
Qcct tnrdclo pnjiucgcf, dcfof sulcg tnrnepks lnfhcf futroso ycfh lojcecf oiu
sndce
sndce luc jofhu
jofhu sninmu
sninmujfy
jfyc.
c. Qngofh
Qngofhhc
hc acmkf
acmkf oiu gcrus
gcrus jnjpnr
jnjpnrgct
gctoec
oecf
f csupcf
csupcf
jcecf
cecfcf
cf ycfh
ycfh jnfl
jnflue
ueuf
ufh
h pnji
pnjinf
nftu
tuec
ecf
f dcfof
cfof sngct
ngct.. Lo
Locf
cfdu
durrecf
ecf uft
uftue 

jnfhekfsujso jcecfcf ycfh jnfhcflufh 4

 

c) Rrktnof
Inr`ufhso
Inr`ufhso uftue jnfofhectecf
jnfofhectecf prklueso
prklueso spnrjc.
spnrjc. Jcecfcf
Jcecfcf sujinr
sujinr prktnof
prktnof
snpnrto tnmur, oecf, lchofh, tcgu lcf tnjpn.
 i) Cscj `kmct
Inrpnrcf lcmcj pnrenjicfhcf systnj scrc` pusct lcf lcrcg dcfof, aueup
cscj `kmct jnfhurcfho rosoek icyo mcgor lnfhcf acact sostnj scrc` snicfyce 82%.
Doec snkrcfh pnrnjpucf jnjomoeo eclcr cscj `kmct ycfh aueup sntolcefyc 3
 iumcf sninmuj lcf snmcjc engcjomcf, jcec lcpct jnjicftu jnfanhcg enacactcf
 pclc ktce lcf tumcfh inmcecfh icyo. Cscj `kmct lcpct lopnrkmng jnmcmuo jcecfcf,
snpnrto scyurcf inrwcrfc godcu tuc (icycj, scwo godcu, acosoj jofo), cspcrchus,
 irkekmo, pnpcyc, dnrue, strkinro, rcsinro, ecacfh-ecacfhcf,
ecacfh-ecacfhcf , cmpuect, kerc, enjicfh
ekm, snmnlro, wkrtnm, iucg iot, lcf dchufh. Qnichocf susu uftue oiu gcjom puf
jnfhcfl
jnfhcflufh
ufh cscj
cscj `kmct
`kmct aueup
aueup tofhho
tofhho,, sng
sngofh
ofhhc
hc lcpct
lcpct jnjicf
jnjicftu
tu jnjnfu
jnjnfugo
go

eniutugcf Oiu. Oiu lcpct jnjomog

jnjomog susu uftue oiu gcjom ycfh rcscfyc
rcscfyc nfce uftue 
jnfhurcfho rcsc jucm, snrtc tnftu jnrupcecf prklue ycfh inreucmotcs tofhho.

a) Ekfsu
Ekfsujs
jsoo inric
inrichco
hco Pot
Potcj
cjof
of
(3) Potcjof C
Inrpnrcf aueup pnftofh lcmcj prklueso spnrjc ycfh sngct. \nrlcpct
 pclc gcto, jnftnhc, jcrhcrof, tnmur, susu, oecf inrmnjce, irkekmo, wkrtnm,
 icycj, lcf tkjct.
(9) Potcjof L

Eneurcfhcf votcjof L cecf jnfurufecf tofhect ensuiurcf gofhhc 8>%.

Qujinr
Qujinr votc
votcjo
jof
f L lopr
loprkl
klue
ueso
so lo lc
lcmc
mcj
j tu
tuiu
iug
g ln
lnfhc
fhcf
f icftu
icftucf
cf so
sofc
fcr 
r 
jctcgcro, snmcof otu lcpct pumc lopnrkmng lcro tnmur, susu, gcto, jofyce oecf,
oecf tufc, jcrhcrof, lcf oecf scmjkf.
(1) Potcjof N
Potcjof N lcpct jnfofhectecf enjcjpucf spnrjc jnjiucgo snm tnmur 
lcf jnfanhcg enhuhurcf ecrnfc pnrcffyc lcmcj jnfdchc ensngctcf loflofh
rcgoj lcf pmcsnftc. Icfyce tnrlcpct pclc jofyce tujiug-tujiugcf, inectum
hcfluj, lcf enacjicg ctcu tcuhn.
(<)
(<) Pot
Potcjo
cjof I0
 

Eneurcfhcf votcjof ofo cecf jnfyniciecf tnrdclofyc

entolcesnoj
entolcesnojicfhcf
icfhcf gkrjkf,
gkrjkf, pclcgcm ensnojicfhcf
ensnojicfhcf gkrjkf nstrkhnf lcf
 prkhnstnrkf pnftofh uftue tnrdclofyc engcjomcf. Qujinr votcjof I0 cftcrc
mcof cycj, oecf, inrcs jnrcg, ecacfh enlnmco, ecacfh tcfcg, poscfh, lcf
scyur ekm.
(>) Potcjof A
Rclc wcfotc, votcjof A inrpnrcf pnftofh uftue `ufhso oflufh tnmur lcf
 pnjinftuecf snm tnmur. Qnmcof otu, snichco cftokesolcf (inenrdcscjc lnfhcf
votcjof N lcf intc ecrktnf) votcjof A inrpnrcf jnmoflufho snm-snm krhcf
tuiug lcro snrcfhcf rcloecm inics (kesolcf) ycfh jnjpnfhcrugo ensngctcf
so
sost
stnj
nj rn
rnpr
prklu
klues
eso.
o. Po
Potc
tcjo
jof
f A icfyc
icfyce
e tn
tnrl
rlcp
cpct
ct pclc
pclc dc
dcji
jiu
u io
iodo
do,, dn
dnru
rue,
e,
strkinro, pnpcyc, jcfhhc, scwo, tkjct, lcf acico jnrcg.
l) Aueupo zc
zct sn
snfh

Inrpnr
Inrpnrcf
cf pnftofh
pnftofh lcmcj
lcmcj pnrtuj
pnrtujiug
iugcf
cf krhcf
krhcf snes
snes lcf duhc
duhc pnjinft
pnjinftuecf
uecf
spnrjc ycfh sngct. Icho acmkf oiu, snfh jnjicftu prklueso jctnro hnfntoe entoec
 pnjiucgcf tnrdclo. Icho acmkf cycg, jnmcfacrecf pnjinftuecf spnrjc. Qujinr 
snfh
snfh cf
cftc
tcrc
rc mc
mcof
of jcec
jcecfc
fcf
f gcsom
gcsom mc
mcut
ut/s
/snc
nc`k
`kkl
kl (s
(snp
npnr
nrto
to mk
mkis
istn
tnr,
r, oe
oecf
cf,, lch
lchof
ofh
h
enpotofh), lchofh, ecacfh-ecacfhcf (ecacfh jntn lcf cmjkfl), iodo-iodocf (iodo
mciu lcf iufhc jctcgcro), snrtc prklue kmcgcf susu.
n) Aueupo zct inso
Eneur
Eneurcf
cfhcf
hcf zct in
inso
so jnji
jnjiuct
uct so
soem
emus
us kvumc
kvumcso
so (p
(pnm
nmnp
npcs
cscf
cf sn
snmm tn
tnmu
mur)
r) oi
oiu
u
tnrhcfhu. Jcecfcf ctcu jumtovotcjof ycfh jnfhcflufh zct inso cecf jnjicftu
lcmcj pnrsocpcf engcjomcf lcf jnfhgoflcro cfnjoc ycfh snrofh ecmo loenmugecf
kmng oiu gcjom. Qujinrfyc4 gcto, lchofh jnrcg, eufofh tnmur, scyurcf godcu, dnrue,
lcf snrncmoc ycfh lopnrecyc zct inso.
`) @ks`kr  
Doec eneurcfhcf,
eneurcfhcf, jnfurufecf eucmotcs
eucmotcs spnrjc acmkf cycg. Clc lo susu,
susu, lcf oecf
tnro.

h) Qnmnfouj (Qn)
Inrpnr
Inrpnrcf
cf pnftof
pnftofh
h lcmcj
lcmcj prklues
prkluesoo spnrjc
spnrjc ycfh
ycfh sng
sngct.
ct. Hndcmc
Hndcmc eneurc
eneurcfhcf
fhcf
snmnfouj cftcrc mcof tnecfcf lcrcg tofhho, los`ufhso snesucm lcf entolcesuiurcf.
 

Qujinr snmnfouj cftcrc mcof clcmcg inrcs, icwcfh putog, eufofh tnmur, snc`kkl,
 dcjur, lcf snjcfhec.
g) Eur
Eurcfho
cfho ekfsuj
ekfsujso
so ecfl
ecflufhc
ufhcf
f jcecf
jcecfcf
cf ycfh
ycfh inrjo
inrjofyc
fyce 
e 
Doecc jnjufh
Doe jnjufheof
eofecf,
ecf, acmkf
acmkf oiu lcpct
lcpct jnfhhc
jnfhhcfto
fto jofyce
jofyce hkrnfh
hkrnfh lnfhcf
lnfhcf
jofyce zcotuf. Ecflufhcf cscj mnjce ycfh tnrecflufh lo lcmcj jofyce zcotuf
 inrjcf`cct uftue ensngctcf dcftufh, tuiug, snrtc mnvnm ekmnstrkm sngofhhc
jnfynojicfhecf nflkerof ycfh sngct.
o) Jnjictcso Ec
Ec`nof
Ictcso ekfsujso ekpo lcf tng loecrnfcecf jnfhcflufh ec`nof ycfh lcpct
jnjpnriurue ensngctcf jnfdnmcfh pnrsocpcf engcjomcf. Ynekjnflcso lcro pcecr 
ensn
ensngc
gctc
tcf
f ic
icgw
gwcc jnfh
jnfhcw
cwcm
cmoo en
engc
gcjo
jomc
mcf
f lc
lcpc
pctt lo
lomc
mceu
euec
ecf
f ln
lnfh
fhcf
cf ic
ictc
tcss
jnfhekfsujso ec`nof snicfyce 922 jomohrcj, gcm ofo duhc lcpct loictcso scjpco
engcjomcf.

 d) Goflcro ekfsujso

(3) Lchofh
Lchofh jnftcg,
jnftcg, ecrnfc
ecrnfc inroso
inrosoek
ek jnfhcfl
jnfhcflufh
ufh vorus pnfynici
pnfynici tkeskp
tkeskpmcs
mcsjc,
jc,
 pcrcsot pnfynici of`neso dcfof, lcf icetnro N.akmo ycfh inricgcyc icho
engcjomcf lcf dcfof.
(9) Qcyurcf
Qcyurcf jnftcg
jnftcg (mcmcp
(mcmcp lcf scmcl)
scmcl).. Iomc
Iomc prksns
prksns pnfauaoc
pnfauaocf
f eurcfh
eurcfh icoe, lcpct
jnfhcflufh vorus pnfynici tkeskpmcsjc.
(1)
(1) Lcho
Lchofh
fh cy
cycj
cj lc
lcf
f tn
tnmu
murr º jctc
jctcfh
fh ct
ctcu
cu jnft
jnftcg
cg,, en
enju
jufh
fheo
eofc
fcf
f clc icetnr
icetnroo
scmjkfnmmc pnfynici locrn inrct.
(<)
(<) Oecf
Oecf in
inrj
rjne
neur
uro.
o. Jnre
Jnreur
uroo yc
ycfh
fh tn
tnrc
rceuj
eujum
umcs
csoo lcf tn
tnrt
rtof
ofhh
hhcm
cm lo lcrcg
lcrcg cecf
cecf
jnjnfhcrugo sostnj scrc` dcfof. Xcspclc jcecf oecf tufc ecmnfhcf, tufc
 ineu, ececp putog, icwcm gotcj, jcrmof, tkfhekm, lcf gou. Jnseo ecyc kjnhc 1
lcf 0, oecf lcro snichocf pnrcorcf Oflkfnsoc loluhc tnranjcr jnreuro jnmcmuo
 pnfurufcf eucmotcs cor jcupuf rcftco jcecfcf.
8) Rnrso
Rnrsocpcf
cpcf snacr
snacrcc psoekm
psoekmkho
khoss lcf jnftcm
jnftcm
Acmkf
Acmkf oiu lcpct
lcpct jumco
jumco jnrnfa
jnrnfacfc
cfcecf
ecf engcjom
engcjomcf
cf lnfhcf
lnfhcf jnjoeo
jnjoeorec
recf
f tuducf
tuducf
jnjomoeo cfce ctcu tolce jnjomoeo cfce, lcf ichcojcfc jnfacpco tuducf ofo. Gcm ofo
losniut lnfhcf rnfacfc golup rnprklueto`. Joscmfyc iomc Oiu inrpoeor ofhof jnfuflc
engcjomcf, pomogmcg ekftrcsnpso ycfh snsuco uftue jnfacpco tuducf tnrsniut. Doec Oiu
 

 inrpoeor uftue gcjom, scfhctmcg pnftofh uftue jnfhcjiom mcfhecg-mcfhecg chcr Oiu
lcpct gcjom sngct lcf jnmcgorecf icyo ycfh sngct pumc.
Oiu lcpct
lcpct jnjpnr
jnjpnrecy
ecycc pnfhnt
pnfhntcgu
cgucf
cf snputc
snputcrr engcjom
engcjomcf
cf ycfh
ycfh inrguiu
inrguiufhcf
fhcf
lnfhcf
lnfhcf pnrnfa
pnrnfacfc
cfccf,
cf, pnrcwc
pnrcwctcf
tcf snmcjc
snmcjc engcjom
engcjomcf,
cf, jnfdnm
jnfdnmcfh
cfh pnrscm
pnrscmofc
ofcf,
f, pcs
pcsac
ac
 pnrscmofcf lcf duhc pnrcwctcf icyo lcro inrichco sujinr ycfh tnrpnracyc.
Chcr engcjomcf ycfh cecf lodcmcfo tolce jnfojiumecf entnhcfhcf, goflcro gcm ‑ 
gcm ycfh cecf jnjinro pnfhcrug iurue lcmcj ensnojicfhcf
ensnojicfhcf gkrjkfcm. Qtrns lcpct
jnrusce soemus iumcfcf, lcf jnfanhcg prksns kvumcso. Qniucg stulo jnjiuetoecf,
wcfotc lnfhcf tofhect strns tofhho ujujfyc sumot gcjom. Dclo scfhct icoe doec acmkf
oiu jumco inmcdcr jnfhctcso strns sngofhhc tolce jnjpnfhcrugo ensngctcf rnprklueso.
Qnicoefyc oiu jumco jnjpnrsocpecf jnftcm lcmcj jnfhgclcpo pnruicgcf ycfh cecf
tnrdclo pclc scct engcjomcf. Oiu gcrus jnflcpct lueufhcf snmcjc engcjomcf lcro
krcfh tnrlnect snpnrto sucjo lcf enmucrhc sngofhhc snjceof socpuftue jnfdclo oiu

 icru.
7) Rnrnfa
Rnrnfacfc
cfccf
cf `ofcfao
`ofcfaocm/
cm/enuc
enucfhc
fhcf
f 
Rnrsoc
Rnrsocpcf
pcf `ofcfa
`ofcfaocm
ocm// enucfhc
enucfhcf
f ycfh
ycfh jctcfh
jctcfh uftue
uftue pnrsoc
pnrsocpcf
pcf pnjnmo
pnjnmogcr
gcrccf
ccf
ensngctcf lcf pnrsocpcf jnfhgclcpo engcjomcf lcf pnrscmofcf pnftofh lomceuecf
ecrnfc tojiumfyc entnhcfhcf psoeos snrtc tolce tnrpnfugofyc eniutugcf hozo ycfh
 icoe pclc scct engcjomcf snichocf inscr losniciecf ecrnfc entolcesocpcf pcscfhcf
lcmcj gcm `ofcfaocm/
`ofcfaocm/enucfhc
enucfhcf.
f. Engcjomcf
Engcjomcf jnrupcecf
jnrupcecf gcm ycfh lcpct lopnreorcec
lopnreorcecf
f
tnrjcsue iocycfyc. Iocyc engcjomcf ofo lcpct lo loseusoecf cftcrc sucjo lcf ostnro
ecrnfc iocyc engcjomcf jnrupcecf ichocf lcro iocyc engolupcf inrujcg tcfhhc.
Clcpuf iocyc ycfh pnrmu lopnrgctoecf
lopnrgctoecf hufc pnrsocpcf
pnrsocpcf engcjomcf ofo, locftcrcfyc
locftcrcfyc
jnfaceup
jnfaceup iocyc ensngctcf (iocyc ekfsumtcso,
ekfsumtcso, pnjnr
pnjnroesccf
oesccf,, kict lcf jnmcgorecf
jnmcgorecf),
),
 iocyc-iocyc pcsac jnmcgorecf (tnjpct tolur icyo, pcecocf icyo, pkpke, snmojut, lmm)
lcf pnrsocpecf pumc iocyc uftue gcm-gcm ycfh tce tnrluhc.
?) Dcfhcf
Dcfhcf jcmu
jcmu inrtcf
inrtcfyc
yc lcf inrek
inrekfsu
fsumtc
mtcso
so 
Acmkf oiu lcf sucjo scfhc
hctt locfdur
ure
ecf uftue ekfsumtcso lnfhc
hcf
f
lketnr
lketnr/io
/iolcf/
lcf/tnf
tnfchc
chc ensngc
ensngctcf
tcf mcoffyc
mcoffyc jnfhnf
jnfhnfco
co ensngc
ensngctcf
tcf rnprkl
rnprklues
uesoo oiu lcf
 pcscfhcf. Lketnr/iolcf cecf jnjinroecf scrcf jnfhnfco jcscmcg ycfh loenmugecf.
 

Ekfs
Ekfsum
umtc
tcso
soec
ecf
f pc
pclc
lc lketn
lketnrr jnfh
jnfhnfc
nfcoo ro
rowcy
wcyct
ct en
ensn
sngc
gctc
tcf
f enmuc
enmucrh
rhcc yc
ycfh
fh pnrmu
pnrmu
jnflcpct pnrgctocf.
Qnmcof otu, doec jnfhcmcjo enenrcscf lcmcj rujcg tcfhhc (ELY\), jcec oiu
loscrcfecf uftue jnjoftc icftucf. ELY\ ycfh tolce losnmnscoecf lnfhcf icoe lcpct
jnfyniciecf anlnrc gofhhc enjctocf, tnrjcsue snmcjc engcjomcf (IEEIF, 923<).

I. \odcucf \nkro Csugcf Eniolcfcf

dcu
3. Jcfc
Jcfcdn
dnjn
jnf
f Csug
Csugcf
cf E
Eni
niol
olcf
cfcf
cf
c. Rn
Rnfh
fhnr
nrto
tocf
cf Csu
Csugc
gcf
f Enio
Eniolc
lcfc
fcf
f
Csugcf eniolcfcf clcmcg prksns pnjnacgcf jcscmcg ycfh lo hufcecf snichco
jntklnn uftue jnfhkrhcfosc
jntkl jnfhkrhcfoscsoecf
soecf poeorcflcf
poeorcflcf toflcecf
toflcecf inrlcscrecf
inrlcscrecf tnkro omjocg,
 pnfnjucf-pnfnjucf entnrcjpomcf lcmcj rcfhecocf/tcgcpcf ycfh mkhos uftue 
 pnfhcjiomcf suctu enputuscf ycfh inr`keus pclc emonf Csugcf eniolcfcf tnrloro

lcro tudug mcfhecg ycfh inrurutcf, ycfh lo jumco lnfhcf pnfhujpumcf lctc lcscr 
lcf inrcegor lnfhcf nvcmucso. \udug mcfhecg ycfh loenjicfhecf Gnmnf Pcrfny
tnrsniut jnjinftue enrcfhec ycfh mnfhecp lcf iosc lo cpmoecsoecf lcmcj suctu
sotucso lcf lcpct lopnrtcfhhufh dcwciecf.
 i. \cgcpcf csugcf eniolcfcf
Lcmc
Lcmcj
j prce
prceto
toef
efyc
yc iolc
iolcf
f jnfh
jnfhhu
hufc
fcec
ecf
f jcfc
jcfcdn
dnjn
jnf
f en
enio
iolc
lcfc
fcf
f lc
lcmc
mcj
j
jnjinroecf
jnjinroecf csugcf eniolcfcf. Jnfurut (Pcrfny & Dcf J.E, 9232), jcfcdnjnf
jcfcdnjnf
eniolcfcf clcmcg prksns pnjnacgcf jcscmcg ycfh lohufcecf snichco jntkln uftue 
jnfhkr
jnfhkrhcf
hcfosc
oscsoe
soecf
cf poeorc
poeorcf
f lcf toflcec
toflcecf
f inrlcs
inrlcscre
crecf
cf tnkro
tnkro omjocg
omjocg,, pnfnjuc
pnfnjucf-
f-
 pnfnjucf, entnrcjpomcf-entnrcjpomcf lcmcj rcfhecocf/ tcgcpcf ycfh mkhos uftue 
 pnfhcjiomcf suctu enputuscf inr`keus pclc emonf.
Jnfuru
Jnfurutt (Pcrfn
(Pcrfny,
y, Gnmnf
Gnmnf & Jcrmyf
Jcrmyf GN, Lcvol
Lcvol X, 9239),
9239), mcfhecg
mcfhecg-mc
-mcfhe
fhecg
cg
jcfcdnjnf eniolcfcf tnrsniut clcmcg4
3) Mcfhecg
Mcfhecg O4 \cgcp
\cgcp pnfhujp
pnfhujpumc
umcf
f lctc
lctc lcscr 
lcscr 
Rclc mcfhecg ofo loeujpumecf snjuc of`krjcso ycfh ceurct lcf mnfhecp ycfh
 inrecotcf lnfhcf ekfloso emonf. Rnflnectcf ofo gcrus inrso`ct ekjprngnfso` 
jnmoputo lctc suidneto`, kidneto`, lcf gcsom pnjnroesccf.
9) Mc
Mcfh
fhecg
ecg OO
OO 4 Oftn
Oftnrp
rprn
rntc
tcso
so lct
lctcc lcscr 
lcscr 
 

Rclc mcfhecg ofo lomceuecf olnfto`oecso tnrgclcp lochfksos ctcu jcscmcg lcf
eniutugcf emonf inrlcscrecf oftnrprntcso ycfh infcr ctcs lcscr lctc-lctc ycfh
tnmcg
tnmcg loeujp
loeujpume
umecf.
cf. Lctc
Lctc lcscr
lcscr ycfh tnm
tnmcg
cg loeujp
loeujpume
umecf
cf looftn
looftnrpr
rprntc
ntcsoe
soecf
cf
sngofhhc lcpct jnrujusecf lochfksc lcf jcscmcg ycfh spnso`oe. Lochfksc
wcfotc gcjom fkrjcm jnmoputo fcjc, ujur, hnstcso (H) pcrotcs (R) cikrtus (C),
ujur engcjomcf, tufhhcm, golup, oftrc-utnro, mntce enpcmc, enclccf ujuj icoe.
1) Mcfh
Mcfhec
ecg
g OOO 4 Jnfh
Jnfhol
olnf
nftto`oe
o`oecs
csoo lo
loch
chfk
fkssc ctcu
ctcu jcsc
jcscmmcg pkt
pktnfso
nfsocm
cm lcf
lcf
jnfhcftosopcso pnfcfhcfcffyc
Rclc mcfhecg ofo eotc jnfholnfto`oecso jcscmcg ctcu lochfksc pktnfsocm mcof
 inrlcscrecf rcfhecocf jcscmcg lcf lochfksos ycfh tnmcg loolnfto`oecsoecf..
<) Mcfhecg
Mcfhecg OP
OP 4 Jnfntcpe
Jnfntcpecf
cf eniutug
eniutugcf
cf tnrgclc
tnrgclcp
p toflcec
toflcecf
f snhnrc
snhnrc
Jnfholnfto`oecso pnrmufyc toflcecf snhnrc kmng iolcf ctcu lketnr lcf ctcu
uftue loekfsumecf ctcu lotcfhcfo inrscjc lnfhcf cfhhktc toj ensngctcf ycfh

mcof snsuco lnfhcf ekfloso emonf.

>) Mcfhecg
Mcfhecg P 4 Jnfyu
Jnfyusuf
suf rnfac
rnfacfc
fc csugc
csugcf
f ycfh
ycfh jnfynm
jnfynmuru
urug
g
Rclc mcfhecg ofo lomceuecf pnrnfacfccf ycfh jnfynmurug, lotnftuecf mcfhecg-
mcfhecg
mcfhecg sninmujfyc.
sninmujfyc. Mcfhecg ofo jnrupcecf enmcfdutcf jcfcdnjnf tnrgclcp
lochfksos ctcu jcscmcg ycfh tnmcg loolnfto`oecso ctcu locftosopcso, pclc mcfhecg
ofo of`krjcso/lctc lcscr ycfh tolce mnfhecp lcpct lomnfhecpo.
0) Mcfhecg
Mcfhecg PO
PO 4 Rnmces
Rnmcescfc
cfccf
cf mcfhsu
mcfhsufh
fh csugcf
csugcf n`os
n`osonf
onf lcf
lcf cjcf
cjcf
Rclc mcfhecg ofo, rnfacfc csugcf ycfh jnfynmurug lo mcfhecg enmojc gcrus
lomcescfcecf snacrc n`osonf lcf cjcf.
8) Mcfhecg
Mcfhecg POO4
POO4 Jnfhn
Jnfhnvcm
vcmucs
ucsoo gcsom
gcsom toflcec
toflcecf
f
Rclc mcfhecg
mcfhecg ofo lomceu
lomceuecf
ecf nvcmucs
nvcmucsoo enn`ne
enn`neto`
to`cf
cf lcro
lcro csugcf
csugcf ycfh
ycfh sulcg
sulcg
loinroecf. Ynfacfc lcpct locfhhcp n`neto` doec jnjcfh infcr n`neto` lcmcj
 pnmcescfccffyc.
9. Rnfhe
fhecdoc
docf
c. Lctc Qu
Quidneto` 
Lctcc suidne
Lct suidneto`
to` inroso
inroso gcsom
gcsom cfcjfns
cfcjfnscc ycfh jnmopu
jnmoputo
to olnfto
olnftotcs
tcs,, ro
rowcyc
wcyctt
engcjo
engcjomcf
mcf snecrc
snecrcfh
fh tnrjcs
tnrjcsue
ue enmugc
enmugcf
f ycfh locmcj
locmcjo,
o, ro
rowcyc
wcyctt kistnt
kistntro
ro mcm
mcmu,
u,
 

rowcyct ekftrcsnpso, rowcyct jnlos mcof lcf rowcyct sksocm nekfkjo tnrjcsue 
 pkmc pnjnfugcf eniutugcf sngcro-gcro
3) Ioklc
oklctc
tc / Oln
Olnft
ftootcs
Gcm utcjc ycfh pnftofh loecdo pclc pcscfhcf prcekfsnpso cftcrc mcof5
c) Fcjc
 Fcjc Emonf lotcfycecf icoe actof jcupuf pcscfhcffyc uftue lcpct
jnfhnfcm lcf jnjcfhhom snrtc jnfanhcg enenmorucf lnfhcf pcsonf
mcof,(Arostofc, 3??1/ Lcmcj Jcrjo ,9239 4 392).
 i) ^jur 
^ftue jnfhntcguo cpcecg actof tnrhkmkfh usoc fkrjcm uftue pnrsocpcf
engcjom
engcjomcf
cf loscct
loscct cecf
cecf prcekfs
prcekfsnps
npsoo cecf
cecf tnr
tnrhkm
hkmkfh
kfh projot
projotuc
uc ctcu
ctcu
 projojulc. (Jcrjo ,9239 4 392).
a) Cmcjct
Jnjpnrjulcg jnfhntcguo lo jcfc tnjpct tofhhcm oiu , jnfanhcg
enenmorucf cmcjct ycfh scjc, jnjulcgecf jnfhguiufho enmucrhc,
jnfdcl
jnfdcloo pntufd
pntufdue
ue iomc
iomc clc eufduf
eufdufhcf
hcf rujcg.
rujcg. Ekflos
Ekflosoo mofheuf
mofheufhcf
hcf
tnjpct tofhhcm oeut jnjinroecf pnfhcrug tnrgclcp ensngctcf ostro lcf
sucjo pclc jcsc prcekfsnpso. (Jcrjo ,9239 4 392).
l) Rnfloloecf
Jnfuru
Jnfurutt Lnpens
Lnpens YO (3??>
(3??>)) lcmcj
lcmcj . (Jcrjo
(Jcrjo ,923
,9239
9 4 393),
393), icgwc
icgwc
\ofhec
\ofhectt pnflol
pnflolole
olecf
cf scfhct
scfhct inrpnf
inrpnfhcr
hcrug
ug pclc
pclc tofhec
tofhectt oftnmn
oftnmnetu
etucm
cm
sn
snsn
snkr
krcf
cfh,
h, en
enjc
jcjp
jpuc
ucf
f in
inr`
r`oe
oeor
or,, sn
sngo
gofh
fhhc
hc io
iolc
lcf
f ce
cecf
cf jcjp
jcjpu
u
jnfycjpcoecf ctcu jnjinroecf pnfyumugcf ctcu EON pclc pcsonf
snsuco tofhect pnjcgcjcf pcsonf lnfhcf mniog julcg.
n) Rnenrdccf
^ftue jnfhntcguo tcrc` golup lcf sksocm nekfkjo actof chcr iolcf
lcpct jnfynsucoecf lcmcj jnjinro fcsngct ctcu nluecso. Kmng ecrnfc
 pnenrdccf jnrupcecf dnjictcf uftue jnjpnrkmng ucfh lcmcj rcfhec
jnjnfugo eniutugcf golup lcf uftue jnflcpctecf tnjpct pnmcycfcf
ensngc
ensngctc
tcf
f yc
ycfh
fh loof
loofho
hofec
fecf.
f. Rn
Rnflc
flcpc
pctc
tcf
f sn
snsn
snkr
krcf
cfh
h in
inrp
rpnf
nfhcr
hcrug
ug
tnrgclc
tnrgclcp
p enjcjp
enjcjpucf
ucffyc
fyc lcmcj
lcmcj jnjnfug
jnjnfugoo eniutug
eniutugcf
cf golup,
golup, scmcg
scmcg
 

sctufyc clcmcg eniutugcf futroso. Ekfloso futroso ycfh eurcfh icoe 

lcpctt jnfynic
lcpc jnfyniciec
iecf
f tnrdcl
tnrdclofy
ofycc cfnjoc
cfnjoc pclc
pclc oiu gcjom,
gcjom, hcfhhuc
hcfhhucf
f
 pnrtujiugcf dcfof lcmcj utnrus, IIMY, lcf prnjctur . (Jcrjo ,
9239 4 393).
9) Yo
Yowc
wcyc
yctt jnfs
jnfstr
trucs
ucsoo
c) ^soc
^soc jnfcragn
jnfcragn44 ujujfy
ujujfycc rnjcdc
rnjcdc wcfotc
wcfotc jnfhcm
jnfhcmcjo
cjo jnfcra
jnfcragn
gn usoc 39-
30 tcguf.. ( Jkgtcr Y, 3???,/ Lcmcj . Jcrjo ,9239 4 391).
 i) Qoemus jnfstrucso4 soemus jnfstrucso jnrupcecf wcetu sndce gcro
 pnrtcjc jnfstrucso scjpco lctcfhfyc jnfstrucso pnrokln inroeutfyc.
Qoemus ycfh emcsoe clcmcg 97 gcro -12 gcro snlcfhecf pkmc gcol lcf
mcjcfy
mcjcfycc pnrlcr
pnrlcrcgc
cgcf
f iocscf
iocscfyc
yc 1-7 gcro.
gcro. (Ruslo
(Rusloefce
efcens,
ns, 3??7 / Lcmcj
Lcmcj
Jcrjo ,9239 4 391).
a) Enmu
Enmugc
gcf
f sc
scct
ct gc
gcol
ol44 ujuj
ujujfy
fycc jnfh
jnfhnm
nmug
ug fy
fynr
nroo gc
gcol
ol// lo
losj
sjnf
nfkr
krnc
nc
(Rrcworkgcrldk, 9232)
l) Rnfhnm
Rnfhnmucrcf
ucrcf snernt4 enputogcf fkrjcm
fkrjcm clcmcg tolce inricu, inrwcrfc
 putog, lcf tolce hctcm cpciomc inricu, inrwcrfc, lcf hctcm loaurohco
clcfyc enjufheofcf of`neso cmct hnfotcm (Rrcworkgcrldk, 9232).
1) Yo
Yowc
wcyc
yctt oj
ojuf
ufos
oscs
csoo
Qerofo
Qerofofh
fh stctus
stctus ojufos
ojufoscso
cso pnrmu
pnrmu lomceue
lomceuecf
cf pclc
pclc acmkf
acmkf oiu tnr
tnrutc
utcjc
jc
ojufocsco \\. Oflkfnsoc jnrupcecf scmcg sctu fnhcrc ycfh inmuj lcpct
jnfhnmojofc
jnfhnmojofcso
so tntcfus
tntcfus 322% sngofhhc stctus ojufoscso
ojufoscso oiu/acmkf oiu gcrus

snmcmu loserofofh. Qtctus ojufoscso mcof ycfh pnrmu loserofofh ycotu gnpctotos
I, GRP, \KYAG/Yuinmmc, lcf ojufoscso pnfyceot mcoffyc ycfh jnjomoeo
 prnvcmnfso tofhho lo lcnrcg tnjpct tofhhcm acmkf pnfhcftof wcfotc lcf mceo ‑ 
mceo. (Enjnfens YO, 9239).
<) Yo
Yowc
wcyc
yctt ekft
ekftrc
rcsn
snps
psoo
Rnfhh
Rnfhhufc
ufccf
cf ekftr
ekftrcs
csnps
npsoo inrgui
inrguiuf
ufhcf
hcf ln
lnfhc
fhcf
f jcsc
jcsc en
enji
jicm
cmof
ofyc
yc
ensuiurcf
ensuiurcf pclc pnrnjpucf. Krhcf rnprklueso
rnprklueso jnjnrmuecf
jnjnrmuecf wcetu uftue 
 pnjumogcf sntnmcg mnpcs/inrgnfto lcro pnjcecocf ekftrcsnpso. Gcm ofo snpnrto
louf
loufhec
hecpe
pecf
cf kmng
kmng (G
(Gcr
crfo
fo & Cfot
Cfotc,
c, 92
9238
38),
), ic
icgwc
gwc mcj
mcjcc enjicm
enjicmof
ofyc
yc
 

ensuiurcf lcro wcfotc pcsac jnfhhufcecf EI suftoe 1 iumcf clcmcg 0

 iumcf lcf ycfh pcmofh mcjc clcmcg 31 iumcf.
>) Yowc
Yowcyc
yctt kist
kistnt
ntro
ro yc
ycfh
fh mcm
mcmu
u
Yowcyc
Yowcyctt engcjo
engcjomcf
mcf,, pnrscm
pnrscmofc
ofcf,
f, lcf fo`cs
fo`cs tnr
tnrlcg
lcgumu
umu ycfh inreco
inrecotcf
tcf
lnfhcf jkriolotcs
jkriolotcs,, lotkmkfh
lotkmkfh socpc, lo jcfc pnrscmofcffy
pnrscmofcffyc,
c, lcf jcscmcg-
jcscmcg-
jcsc
jcscmc
mcg
g mc
mcof
of clcmc
clcmcg
g so
sohf
hfo`
o`oe
oecf
cf lc
lcf
f pn
pnrm
rmu
u lo
lohcm
hcmoo ln
lnfhc
fhcf
f an
anrj
rjct
ct uf
uftu
tue 
e 
jnfhgcsomecf
jnfhgcsomecf rowcyct ycfh ceurct sninmuj
sninmuj jnjinroecf
jnjinroecf fcsogct tnftcfh
tnftcfh
ekfsnpso. Jcrjo ,9239 4 391).
c) Yowcyct
Yowcyct ensngc
ensngctcf
tcf emonf
emonf
(3)
(3) Gopn
Gopnrt
rtnf
nfso
so
Gopn
Gopnrt
rtnf
nfsso jnr
nrup
upce
cecf
cf ekfl
ekflooso jnlo
nlos ycfh
ycfh pcm
pcmofh snr
nroofh
jnjpnfhcrugo wcfotc usoc suiur 
(9) Locint
Locintns
ns Jnmot
Jnmotus
us (LJ)
(LJ)
Locint
Locintns
ns losnic
losniciecf
iecf kmng
kmng tolce
tolce clcfyc
clcfyc ctcu
ctcu tnr
tnrict
ictcsf
csfyc
yc ofsumo
ofsumof
f
ycfh jnroupcecf gkrjkf pnftofh uftue jntcikmosjn ecrikgolrct.
(1)
(1) Rn
Rnfyc
fyceo
eott hofd
hofdcm
cm
Rclcc pnrnjp
Rcl pnrnjpucf
ucf sninmu
sninmuj
j ekfsnps
ekfsnpso,
o, tnr
tnrlcp
lcpct
ct pnruicg
pnruicgcf
cf clcpto
clcpto` 
` 
hofdcm uftue jnjpnrsocpecf engcjomcf.
(<) Csjc
Jnrupcecf
Jnrupcecf hcfhhucf
hcfhhucf of`mcjcso
of`mcjcso erkfoe
erkfoe pclc scmurcf
scmurcf pnrfc`cscf
pnrfc`cscf
ycfh
ycfh jnfynic
jnfyniciecf
iecf nposkl
nposklnn inrumc
inrumcfh,
fh, snsce
snsce fc`cs,
fc`cs, , sns
snsce
ce lclc

 ictue snrtc eclcfh tnrdcloflo jcmcj lcf lofo gcro. Lcmcj csugcf ofo
 pnrmufyc jnfdchc ensngctcf actof snacrc kptojcm, eniutugcf cecf
kict of`mcjcso gcrus tnrsnloc lcf doec enclccf mniog iurue iutug
 pnfcfhcfcf mcfdut lnfhcf stnrkol gorup ycfh loekjiofcsoecf
lnfhcf chkfos intc enrdc pcfdcfh ycfh logorup lcpct jnjicftu.
(>) Cfnjoc
Cfnjoc lcf tgcmcs
tgcmcssnj
snjoc
oc
Rclc pnrnjpucf lnfhcf rowcyct pnfyceot cfnjoc ctcu tgcmcssnjoc
tgcmcssnjoc
cecf inrtcjicg iurue scct engcjomcf. Rclc engcjomcf eniutugcf
ke
keso
sohn
hnf
f mn
mnio
iog
g tofh
tofhho
ho sn
sngo
gofh
fhhc
hc jnjo
jnjoau
au pnfof
pnfofhec
hectc
tcf
f pr
prkl
klue
ueso
so
nrotrkpkntof. Ceoictfyc, vkmujn pmcsjc inrtcjicg lcf snm lcrcg
 

jnrcg (nrotrksot) jnfofhect. Fcjuf, pnfofhectcf vkmujn pmcsjc

tnrdclo lcmcj prkpkrso ycfh mniog inscr doec loicflofhecf lnfhcf
 pnfofhectcf nrotrksot sngofhhc tnrdclo pnfurufcf ekfsnftrcso
gcnjkhmkiof (Gi) ceoict gnjklomuso.
(0)
(0) Gnjk
Gnjk`o
`omo
mocc
Gnjk`omoc C (ln`osonfso `cetkr POOO) lcf Gnjk`omoc I (ln`osonfso
`cetkrr OW) lowcrosecf
`cetk lowcrosecf snacrc  W-mofenl rnanssovn. Rnrnjpucf () lcro
enmucrhc
enmucrhc pnflnrotc
pnflnrotc gnjk`omoc
gnjk`omoc ujujfyc
ujujfyc clcmcg pnjicwc (acrronr)
ycfh
ycfh csojpt
csojptkjc
kjctoe
toe.. Fcjuf
Fcjuf 32-92%
32-92% pnrnjp
pnrnjpucf
ucf pnjicw
pnjicwcc lcpct
lcpct
 inrnsoek tnrgclcp ekjpmoecso pnrlcrcgcf ycfh inrjcefc ecrnfc
 pnfurufcf `cetkr POOO ctcu OW lo icwcg dujmcg jofojcm uftue 
jnjp
jnjpnr
nrtc
tcgc
gcfec
fecf
f ensno
ensnoji
jicfh
cfhcf
cf gn
gnjk
jkst
stct
ctoe
oe.. Gnjk
Gnjk`o
`omo
mocc lc
lcpct
pct
jnfyniciecf of`nrtomotcs, fcjuf sndujmcg enaom pnflnrotc jufheof
jnjpufy
jnjpufyco
co aueup
aueup `kmoen
`kmoenm-`
m-`kmo
kmoenm
enm uftue
uftue gcjom.
gcjom. (Rrcwo
(Rrcworkg
rkgcrl
crldk,
dk,
9232)
(8) Dcf
cfttufh
Rc
Rclc
lc en
engc
gcjo
jomc
mcf
f tn
tnrl
rlcp
cpct
ct rn
rnso
soek
ek hc
hchc
hcmm dc
dcft
ftuf
ufh,
h, cr
crot
otjo
jocc lcf
lcf
trkjiknjikm
trkjiknjikmosjn
osjn,, ininrcpc
ininrcpc cgmo jnfycrcfecf
jnfycrcfecf pnjinrocf
pnjinrocf csporof
csporof
lksos rnflcg uftue jnfurufecf rnsoek tnrsniut
(7)
(7) Gnpc
Gnpcto
toto
toss
Gnpc
Gnpcto
toto
toss lc
lcpc
pctt tn
tnrd
rdclo
clo pc
pclc
lc sn
snto
tocp
cp wcfo
wcfotc
tc ct
ctcu
cu pcscf
pcscfhcf
hcf lc
lcf
f

jnjpuf
jnjp ufyc
ycoo pn
pnfh
fhcr
crug
ug iuru
iurue
e ic
icho
ho dc
dcfo
fof
f lc
lcf
f oi
oiuu sc
scct
ct tn
tnrd
rdcl
cloo
engcjo
engcjomcf.
mcf. Rnfhcru
Rnfhcrugfyc
gfyc lcmcj
lcmcj engcjom
engcjomcf
cf lcpct
lcpct lcmcj inftue 
inftue 
enhuhurcf ctcu pnrscmofcf prnjcturotcs lcf enjctocf dcfof lcmcj
rcgoj. (Rrcworkgcrdk, 9232)
(?) OJQ
Of`n
Of`nes
esoo jnfum
jnfumcr
cr sn
snes
esuc
ucmm clcmc
clcmcg
g of
of`n
`nes
esoo yc
ycfh
fh lo
losn
snici
iciec
ecf
f km
kmnh
nh
 icetnro, vorus, pcrcsot, ctcu dcjur ycfh pnfumcrcffyc tnrutcjc
jnmcmuo guiufhcf snesucm lcro snsnkrcfh ycfh tnrof`neso enpclc
jotrc snesucmfyc. Of`neso jnfumcr sneusucm jnrupcecf scmcg sctu
 pnfynici Of`neso Qcmurcf Ynprklueso (OQY). OJQ snpnrto hkfkrn,
 

emcjol
emcjolocs
ocsos,
os, so`
so`om
omos,
os, troek
troekjkf
jkfocs
ocsos,
os, gnrpns
gnrpns hnfotc
hnfotcmos
mos,, ekflom
ekflomkjc
kjc
ceujofctc,
ceujofctc, icatnrocm vchofksos,
vchofksos, lcf of`neso
of`neso GOP. (Enjnfens
(Enjnfens YO,
923>4>9)
(32
32)) \KYAG
\keskpmcsjksos, Yuinmmc, Aytkjnhcmkvorus, lcf Gnrpns Qojpmnes.
Enmojcc dnfos pnfyceot ycfh losniutecf
Enmoj losniutecf lo ctcs jnrupcecf pnfyceot
ycfh lcpct jnfdcfheoto proc jcupuf wcfotc lcf lcpct inrpnfhcrug
 iuruepclc dcfof ycfh loecflufh. \keskpmcsjksos jnrupcecf
of`nes
of`nesoo ycfh losnic
losniciecf
iecf kmng
kmng pcrcso
pcrcsott ycfh
ycfh losniut
losniut \kxkpm
\kxkpmcsj
csjcc
hkfloo. Rnfyceot ofo snrofh lopnrkmng lcro tcfcg ctcu ektkrcf euaofh
ycfh
ycfh tnrof`
tnrof`nes
nesoo tkeskp
tkeskpmcs
mcsjc,
jc, ctcu
ctcu jnjcec
jnjcecf
f lchofh
lchofh lcro
lcro gnwcf
gnwcf
tnrof`neso ycfh inmuj jctcfh snjpurfc. Hndcmc ycfh snrofh jufaum
jnmoputo4 lnjcj, fynro ktkt, enmnmcgcf, lcf pnjinfhececf enmnfdcr 
moj`n.
Xcfotc ycfh lcmcj usoc rnprkluesofyc iomc tnrenfc tkxkpmcsjksos
lc
lcpc
pctt jnfo
jnfoji
jium
umec
ecf
f ci
cikr
krso
so lcf hc
hcfhh
fhhuc
ucf
f `n
`nrt
rtom
omot
otcs.
cs. Dc
Dcfo
fof
f io
iosc
sc
tn
tnro
rof`
f`ne
neso
so jnmc
jnmcmu
muoo sc
scmu
murc
rcf
f pm
pmcs
csnf
nftc
tc.. Of`n
Of`nes
esoo pc
pcrc
rcso
sott of
ofoo io
iosc
sc
jnfyniciecf enhuhurcf ctcu acact icwccf snpnrto enruscecf pclc
ktce lcf `ufhso jctc (Rrcworkgcrldk, 9232).
 i) Yowcyct ensngctcf enmucrhc
Yo
Yowc
wcyct
yct pn
pnfyc
fyceo
eott pclc
pclc en
enmu
mucr
crhc
hc lc
lcpc
pctt jnfu
jnfuru
ruf
f ecrnf
ecrnfcc `c
`cet
etkr 
kr 

hnfntoe,
hnfntoe, lcf iosc
iosc jnfumc
jnfumcrr enpclc
enpclc emo
emonf.
nf. Yowcyc
Yowcyctt pnfyceo
pnfyceott enmucr
enmucrhc
hc
jnjn
jnjnhchcfh
fh pn
pnrc
rcf
f pn
pnft
ftof
ofh
h lc
lcmc
mcj
j jnfh
jnfhececdo
do ek
ekfl
flos
osoo jnlo
jnloss yc
ycfh
fh
lowcrosecf lcf enmcofcf hnf tufhhcm. Ininrcpc dnfos ecfenr, pnfyceot
cr
crtn
tnro
ro ek
ekrk
rkfn
fnr,
r, locin
locintn
tnss jnmo
jnmotu
tuss to
topn
pn 9, ln
lnpr
prns
nso,
o, lc
lcf
f tr
trkj
kjik
ik`o
`omo
mocc
jnru
jnrupce
pcecf
cf pn
pnfy
fyceo
ceott yc
ycfh
fh jnjo
jnjomo
moeo
eo tn
tnfl
flnfs
nfsoo `c
`cjo
jomo
mocm
cm lc
lcf
f lc
lcpct
pct
 inrpnfhcrug pclc ensngctcf rnprklueso wcfotc lcf mceo-mceo (Jcrjo ,
9239 4 39>)..
0) Rkmc
Rkmc ``ufh
ufhsok
sokfcm
fcm ensngc
ensngctcf
tcf
c) Futroso
 

Qtctus futroso wcfotc cecf jnjpnfhcrugo n`ne scjpofh mcfhsufh scct

engcjomcf lcf pclc pnrtujiugcf lcf pnrenjicfhcf dcfof loscct gcjom.
(Jcrjo ,9239 4 390).
 i) Cetovotcs
Xcfotc ycfh tolce iocscfyc inrkmcg rchc gcrus jnjumco enhoctcf `osoe 
lcf oftnfs
oftnfsotc
otcsfy
sfycc rnflcg
rnflcg lcf jnfofh
jnfofhect
ectecf
ecf cetovo
cetovotcs
tcs snacrc
snacrc tnr
tnrctu
ctur.
r.
(Jcrjo, 92394 398). Inrlcscrecf Rnrcturcf Jnftnro \nfchc Enrdc lcf
\rcfsjohrc
\rcfsjohrcso
so fkjkr RNY.31/JNF/W
RNY.31/JNF/W/9233
/9233 \cguf 9233 Ici 3, Rcscm 3,
Cyct 74 ‚Fomco
‚Fomco Cjicfh Ictcs‚ ycfh snmcfdutfyc
snmcfdutfyc losofhect
losofhect FCI clcmcg
stcflcr `cetkr icgcyc lo tnjpct enrdc snichco eclcr/oftnfsotcs rctc-rctc
tnrtojicfh wcetu (tojn
(tojn wnohgtnl
wnohgtnl cvnrchn) ycfh lcpct lotnrojc tnfchc
enrdc tcfpc jnfhceoictecf pnfyceot ctcu hcfhhucf ensngctcf, lcmcj
 pnenrdccf sngcro-gcro uftue wcetu tolce jnmniogo 7 dcj sngcro ctcu <2
 dcj snjofhhu.
a)  Rnrskfcm gyhonfn
 Rnrskfcm gyhonfn 
gyhonfn  ycfh iurue lcpct jnfojiumecf of`neso pclc krhcf
rnprklueso (Enjnfens, 923>). Jnfhhcfto pcecocf lcmcj 9 ecmo sngcro,
tolce jnfhhufcecf pcecocf lcmcj ycfh entct lcf inricgcf fkf softntoe.
Qcct jnfstrucso fkrjcmfyc hcfto pnjicmut jcesojcm < dcj snecmo ctcu
snsnrofh jufheof (Enjnfens YO, 923>).
l) Ostorcgct

Ktce lcf so
Ktce sostn
stnj
j tuiug
tuiug lcpct
lcpct inenrd
inenrdcc lcmcj
lcmcj to
tofhec
fhectt inrinl
inrinlcc lcmcj
lcmcj
jnmceuecf
jnmceuecf suctu cetovotcs.
cetovotcs. \uiug jnjnrmuecf ostorcgct
ostorcgct ycfh aueup,
crtofy
crtofycc tolce
tolce eurcfh
eurcfh lcf mniog.
mniog. Entolc
Entolcesn
esnoji
ojicfhc
cfhcf
f os
ostor
torcgc
cgct/t
t/tolu
olur,
r,
joscmfyc eurcfh ostorcgct, lcpct jnfyniciecf tuiug julcg tnrsnrcfh
 pnfyceot. \olur/ ostorcgct pclc jcmcj gcro scfhct icoe lomceuecf sneotcr 
8- 7 dcj lcf ostorcgct socfh sneotcr 9 dcj . Xcfotc ycfh tolce iocscfyc
 inrkmcg rchc gcrus jnjumco enhoctcf `osoe lcf oftnfsotcsfyc rnflcg lcf
jnfofhectecf cetovotcs snacrc tnrctur. (Jcrjo, 92394 398)
n) Rkmc
kmc eniocs
cscccf
 

Qnkrcfh pnrkeke pcso` cecf jnjomoeo rosoek ycfh scjc lnfhcf pnrkeke 
ceto`. Gcjpor snjuc ekjpmoecso pclc pmcsnftc lcpct lotojiumecf kmng
rkeke, snpnrto cikrtus,
cikrtus, skmusok
skmusok pmcsnftc,
pmcsnftc, of`usonfso
of`usonfso pmcsnftc, pmcsnftc
 prnvoc lcf IIMY. Qnmcof otu lcpct jnfyniciecf lcjpce iurue icho
 dcfof cftcrc mcof QOLQ (soflrkjc enjctocf icyo jnflclce), pnfyceot
 pcru erkfos, csjc, ktotos jnloc. Ekfsujso kict-kictcf tnrtnftu,
enscmcgcf suiemofos tnrtnftu ctcu ln`nsonfso pclc jnecfosjn oftnrjnloct
 pclc dcfof jnfhuicg kict ycfh sninfcrfyc tollce inricgcyc jnfdclo
 inricgcyc, cUpcmcho pclc pnrenjicfhcf dcfof. (Jcrjo ,9239 4 397).
`) Yo
Yowc
wcyc
yctt pnr
pnrfoec
foecgc
gcf
f
Chcr
Chcr jnfh
jnfhnt
ntcgu
cguoo rowc
rowcyc
yctt pn
pnrf
rfoe
oecgc
cgcf
f lu
lumu
mu lc
lcf
f in
inrc
rcpc
pc mc
mcjc
jc us
usoc
oc
 pnrfoecgcf, cmcscf inrposcg. \uducffyc jnfhntcguo dujmcg pcscfhcf
sninmu
sninmujfy
jfycc lcf guiufhc
guiufhcf
f lnfhcf
lnfhcf pcscfhc
pcscfhcf
f sninmu
sninmujfy
jfycc ycfh lcpct
lcpct
jnjpnfhcrugo
jnjpnfhcrugo guiufhcffyc lnfhcf pcscfhcf snecrcfh.
snecrcfh. Lotcfycecf
Lotcfycecf
uftue jnfhntcguo inrcpc mcjc pnrfoecgcf chcr loentcguo ichcojcfc
enclccf cmct rnprklueso oftnrfcm oiu, joscm lnfhcf pnrfoecgcf ycfh mcjc
 inmuj pnrfcg gcjom
g cjom sngofhhc pnrmu pnfcfhcfcf
pnf cfhcfcf egusus. (Jcrjo ,9239 4
393).
h) Yowcyct
Yowcyct psoeks
psoekskso
ksocm
cm iulc
iulcyc
yc lcf
lcf spor
sporotu
otucm
cm
Ekfl
Ekflooso psoe
psoekm
kmkh
khoos oflov
flovoolu ycfh
ycfh pnrm
pnrmu
u lo ecd
ecdo scct
cct  prnjcrotcm 
 psyagkmkhoacm sarnnfofh cf
cftc
tcrc
rc mc
mcof
of 4 enpnr
enpnracy
acycc
ccf
f lo
loro
ro enluc
enluc po
pogce 
gce 

sninmuj
sninmuj jnjicfh
jnjicfhuf
uf sniucg
sniucg enmucr
enmucrhc,
hc, enjcflo
enjcfloroc
rocf
f jcsofh
jcsofh-jc
-jcsof
sofh
h
acmkf lcmcj jnjnfugo eniutugcf golup scgcro-gcro joscm inenrdc ctcu
enflcrccf lcf tnjpct tofhhcm proiclo, tolce mcho snmcmu inrhcftufh pclc
krcfh tuc, enjcjpucf ekjufoecso cftcrc enluc inmcg pogce ycfh lcpct
jnji
jnjicf
cftu
tu jnfy
jnfynm
nmns
nsco
coec
ecf
f pn
pnrs
rskc
kcmc
mcf
f lc
lcmc
mcj
j ru
rujc
jcg
g tc
tcfh
fhhc
hc sn
snrt
rtcc
 pnfnftucf pnfhcjiom enputuscf lcmcj enmucrhc, n`ne jcsc mcmu ycfh
 inmuj tnrsnmnscoecf gcrus lcpct loekjufoecsoecf snacrc tnriuec cftcrc
enluc pogce. Qnmcof otu guiufhcf cftcrc enluc pogce enmucrhc, sninrcpc
 dcug enmucrhc inscr lcpct jnfnrojc ctcs
c tcs pnrfoecgcf tnrsniut (Enjnfens
YO, 9231).
 

i. Lctc
Lctc Kidn
Kidnet
eto` 
o` 
Lctc
Lctc ki
kidn
dnet
eto`
o` cl
clcm
cmcg
cg lc
lctc
tc yc
ycfh
fh lo
lopn
pnrk
rkmn
mng
g jnmc
jnmcmu
muoo kisn
kisnrv
rvcs
csoo lc
lcf
f gc
gcso
somm
 pnjnroesccf, pnflkeujnftcsocf jcfcdnjnf eniolcfcf jnfurut Pcrfny mcfhecg
 pnrtcjc pnfhecdocf lctc.
3) Rnjnroesccf ujuj
\cflc-tcflc votcm, fkrjcm doec 4
c) \necfcf Lc
Lcrcg
Inrtuducf
Inrtuducf uftue jnfomco
jnfomco clcyc hcfhhucf pclc sostnj ecrlookvcse
ecrlookvcseumnr.
umnr.
 Fkrjcm 322/02-3<2/?2 jjGh.
(Jcrjo ,9239 4 39?).
 i) Fclo
^ftue jnfhntcguo `ufhso dcftufh oiu, fkrjcmfyc 72 ‑ ?2 x/ jnfot. .
(Jcrjo ,9239 4 39?).
a) Qugu
Lohufcecf uftue jnfomco ensnojicfhcf sugu tuiug snrtc jnjicftu
jnfnft
jnfnftuec
uecf
f lochfks
lochfksos
os pnfyceo
pnfyceot.
t. Fkrjcm
Fkrjcm cftcrc
cftcrc 10,2²A
10,2²A ‑ 18,2²A
18,2²A .
(Jcrjo ,9239 4 312).
l) Ynsporcso
Inrt
Inrtud
uduc
ucf
f uf
uftu
tue
e jnfo
jnfomc
mcoo `r
`rne
neun
unfs
fsoo pn
pnrf
rfcp
cpcs
cscf
cf fkrj
fkrjcm
cm,, or
orcj
cjc,
c,
enlcmcjcf, lcf topn/pkmc pnrfcpcscf. Rnrfc`cscf fkrjcm cftcrc 37-9<

ecmo pnr jnfot. . (Jcrjo ,9239 4 312).

9) Cftrkpkjntro
c) Inrct iclcf
Cpciom
Cpciomcc emonf
emonf ycfh lctcfh
lctcfh uftue
uftue jnf
jnflcp
lcpct
ct ekfsnm
ekfsnmofh
ofh prcekfs
prcekfsnps
npsoo
jnfhcm
jnfhcmcjo
cjo cjnfkr
cjnfkrnn lcf inrct
inrct iclcffyc
iclcffyc loicwcg
loicwcg fkrjcm
fkrjcm,, oc gcrus
gcrus
loofloecsoecf uftue jnfofhectecf csupcf ecmkro. Qnicmoefyc, cpciomc oc
jnfhcm
jnfhcmcjo
cjo kinsot
kinsotcs,
cs, oc gcrus
gcrus locfdu
locfdurec
recf
f uftue
uftue jnfhur
jnfhurcfho
cfho csupcf
csupcf
ecmkro supcyc inrct iclcffyc turuf scjpco rnftcfh fkrjcm pclc scct
ekfsnpso,
ekfsnpso, ecrnfc kinsotcs lcmcj jcsc engcjomcf jnfofhectecf
jnfofhectecf rnsoek
rnsoek
 

 prnnemcjpsoc lcf hcfhhucf trkjiknjikmosjn. Xcfotc duhc gcrus

locfdurecf uftue jnfofhectecf csupcf cscj `kmct sninscr <22 jh pnr 
gcro (Enjnfens YO, 923>)
i) \ofhho iclcf
\I ycfh fkrjcm ycotu 63<>aj. Rclc acmkf oiu ycfh jnjomoeo \I
=3<>aj (mkw
(mkw gohg)
gohg) cecf jnfofhectecf rnsoek pcfhhum snjpot (Mcjofh,
lee, 9231).
^eurcf II lcf \I lohufcecf duhc uftue jnfhgotufh Oflnes Jcssc
\uiug (OJ\) lnfhcf rujus 4
Inrct Iclcf
Oflnes Jcssc \uiug : 9
\ofhho Iclcf

Lnfhcf emcso`oecso 4

Ectnhkro OJ\
(eh/j9)

Eneurcfhcf inrct = 38,2

 iclcf tofhect inrct
Eurus
Eneurcfhcf inrct 38,2 ‑ 37,<
 iclcf tofhect rofhcf

 Fkrjcm 37,> ‑ 9>,2

Enmniogcf inrct iclcf 9>,3 ‑ 98,2

tofhect rofhcf
Hnjue 
Enmniogcf inrct iclcf 6 98,2
tofhect inrct

Kinsotcs Enmcs 3 12-1<,?

Kinsotcs enmcs 9 1>-1?,?

Kins
Kinsootc
tcss nest
nestrrnj 6 <2
(enmcs 1)

  (sujinr 4 Lnpens YO, 92335 Pcrfny, 9228)

 

Rclc pnfnmotocf lolcpctecf gcsom, wcfotc of`nrtom lnfhcf OJ\ inrosoek

mn
mnio
iog
g tofh
tofhho
ho lc
lcro
ropc
pclc
lc yc
ycfh
fh to
tolc
lce
e in
inro
roso
soek
ek yc
ycot
otu
u sn
snin
insc
scrr >7,7
>7,7%
%
(Gclcycfo nt cm., 923?).
a) Mofhecr mnfhcf ctcs (MoMC)

 Fkrjcm stctus hozo oiu 97,> aj. ^eurcf MoMC fkrjcm ycotu 691,>aj.
Doec = 91,> aj jnrupcecf ofloectkr Oiu eurcfh hozo sngofhhc inrnsoek
uftue jnmcgorecf IIMY. (Jcrjo ,9239 4 312).
1) Rnjnroesccf `osoe 
c) Xcdcg
Cpcecg clc knlnjc ctcu tolce, aycfksos ctcu tolce. . (Jcrjo ,9239 4
312).
i) Mngnr 
Rnjinfhececf enmnfdcr hntcg infofh jnrupcecf tcflc clcfyc of`neso
 pclc emonf. Rnjinfhececf vnfc duhumcros uftue jnfhntcguo clcfyc
enmcof
enmcofcf
cf dcftuf
dcftufh,
h, lcf enmnfd
enmnfdcr
cr to
torko
rkol
l uftue
uftue jnfyof
jnfyofheo
heorec
recf
f pnfyceo
pnfyceott
Hrcvns lcf jnfanhcg torktkesoeksos. (Jcrjo ,9239 4 312).
a) Rcyulcrc
\olce tnrlcpct infdkmcf/ jcsc ycfh cifkrjcm. Qojntros. (Jcrjo, 9239 4
312).
l) Cilkjnf
Jnfomco clc tolcefyc jcssc cifkrjcm lcf clc tolcefyc fynro, tnecf,

tolce clc inecs muec ctcu inecs kpnrcso, strocn. (Jcrjo ,9239 4 313).
n) Hnfotcmoc
\olce tnrlcpct tcflc-tcflc
tcflc-tcflc OJQ snpnrto
snpnrto ioftom-ioft
ioftom-ioftom
om inroso
inroso acorcf,
acorcf, mnant,
mnant,
eutom snpnrto dnfhhnr cycj pclc lcnrcg vumvc lcf vchofc. \olce tnrlcpct
tcflc-tcflc enputogcf pctkmkhos. (Jcrjo ,9239 4 313).
`) Nestrnjtcs
\olce clc klnjc, cercm gcfhct, pnrhnrcecf inics (Quhocrtk, lee, 9238).
<) Rnjnroesccf Rnfufdcfh
c) Cmiujof
 

^ftu
^ftue
e jnfy
jnfyof
ofhe
heor
orec
ecf
f prkt
prktno
nofu
furo
rocc (ycf
(ycfh
h lc
lcpc
pctt jnfho
jnfhofl
floe
oecs
csoe
oecf
cf
 ponmkfn`rotos ctcu pnfyceot hofdcm erkfos)
 i) Ynlueso urof
^ftue jnfyofheorecf hmoeksuroc (ycfh lcpct loecotecf lnfhcf locintns

jnmotus).
a) Gnjkhmkiof
Cpciomc eclcr Gi rnflcg, pnfynicifyc gcrus lopcstoecf lcf loinroecf
tnrcpo ycfh tnpct. Gi duhc lcpct lolntneso lcro scjpnm lcrcg.
l) Hkmk
Hkmkfh
fhcf
cf lcr
lcrcg
cg lcf
lcf rgn
rgnsu
suss
n) GisCh
`) GOP/COLQ
h) OJQ (Qo
(Qo``omos)
g) Rn
Rnjn
jnro
roes
escc
ccf
f tc
tcji
jicg
cgcf
cf doec
doec lo
lopn
pnrm
rmue
uecf
cf 4 \KYA
\KYAG,
G, ^QH,
^QH, pn
pnjn
jnro
roes
esccf
ccf
hoho, tns spnrjc, tns tuinraumksos.
(Enjnfens YO, 923>47)

a. Cfcmosc
Cfcmosc Rnruju
Rnrujuscf
scf lochf
lochfkso
ksoss lcf
lcf jcscmc
jcscmcg
g
Cfcmosc
Cfcmosc jnrupc
jnrupcecf
ecf pnflkeuj
pnflkeujnft
nftcso
csocf
cf jcfcdn
jcfcdnjnf
jnf eniolcfc
eniolcfcf
f jnfuru
jnfurutt
Pcrf
Pcrfny
ny mc
mcfh
fhecg
ecg en
enluc
luc,, en
ento
tohc
hc lc
lcf
f ennjp
ennjpct
ct,, jnmo
jnmopu
puto
to lo
lochf
chfks
ksos
os/j
/jcs
cscm
cmcg
cg
eniolc
eniolcfcf
fcf,, lochfk
lochfksos
sos/jc
/jcscm
scmcg
cg pktnfs
pktnfsocm
ocm lcf eniutug
eniutugcf
cf snhnrc
snhnrc ycfh gcrus
gcrus
loolnfto`o
loolnfto`oecso
ecso jnfurut
jnfurut enwnfcfhcf
enwnfcfhcf iolcf jnmcmuo
jnmcmuo toflcecf
toflcecf jcfloro,
jcfloro, toflcecf
toflcecf
ekmcikrcso lcf toflcecf jnrudue emonf.

3) Loch
Lochfk
fkso
soss lcf
lcf jcsc
jcscmc
mcg
g
Mcfhecg
Mcfhecg ofo jnfhol
jnfholnft
nfto`o
o`oecs
ecsoo jcscmc
jcscmcg
g ycfh clc Enmugcf
Enmugcf lcf jcscmc
jcscmcg.
g.
Jcscmc
Jcscmcg
g ycfh
ycfh loolnf
loolnfto`
to`oecs
oecsoo lomceu
lomceuecf
ecf pnfanhc
pnfanhcgcf
gcf , iolcf
iolcf logcrc
logcrcpecf
pecf
wcspclc lcf socp lcmcj jnfcfhcfo jcscmcg ctcu enjufheofcf jcscmcg..
9) Eniutugcf
Jcscmc
Jcscmcg
g ycfh
ycfh loolnf
loolnfto`
to`oecs
oecsoo lomceu
lomceuecf
ecf pnfanhc
pnfanhcgcf
gcf , iolcf
iolcf logcrc
logcrcpecf
pecf
wcspclc lcf socp lcmcj jnfcfhcfo jcscmcg ctcu enjufheofcf jcscmcg,
snsuco eniutugcf emonf
(Enjnfens YO, 923>417>)
1) Lo
Loch
chfk
fksc
sc lcf
lcf jcs
jcscm
cmcg
cg pkt
pktnf
nfso
socm
cm
 

\olce clc
<) Eniu
Eniutu
tugc
gcf
f tofl
toflce
cecf
cf snhn
snhnrc
rc
\olce clc
l. Rnfc
Rnfctc
tcmc
mces
escf
cfcc
ccf
f

Ynfacf
Ynf acfcc csugcf
csugcf loiuct
loiuct snsuco
snsuco lnfhcf
lnfhcf jcscmc
jcscmcg
g ycfh lotnju
lotnjuecf
ecf lcmcj
lcmcj
 pnfhecdocf, jnmoputo4
3) Dnm
nmcs
csec
ecf
f gcs
gcsom pnjn
pnjnrroesc
oesccf
cf
Jnfdnmcsec
Jnfdnmcsecf
f gcsom pnjnroesccf
pnjnroesccf lnfhcf icgcsc ycfh julcg lojnfhnrto
lojnfhnrto
scfhct pnftofh chcr acmkf cycg lcf oiu jnjcgcjo ekflosofyc lcf lcpct
jnfhcjiom enputuscf tnrecot lnfhcf jcscmcg ycfh logclcpo
9) In
Inro
roec
ecf
f EON
EON tn
tnft
ftcf
cfh
h en
ensn
sngc
gctc
tcf
f rn
rnpr
prkl
klue
ueso
so,, pn
pnrs
rsoc
ocpc
pcf
f pn
pnrf
rfoe
oecg
cgcf
cf,, lc
lcf
f
 pnrsocpcf engcjomcf snsuco pcflucf ekfsnmofh acmkf pnfhcftof ycfh tnmcg
lotnftuecf kmng Enjnfens (923>)
1) Jnfo
Jnfofh
fhect
ectec
ecf
f pn
pnfhn
fhntc
tcguc
gucf
f pcscfhc
pcscfhcf
f tnftcf
tnftcfh
h ensngc
ensngctc
tcf
f rn
rnpr
prkl
klues
uesoo lcf
 prcekfsnpso.
<) Cfdu
Cfdurc
rcf
f uftue
uftue icfyc
icfyce
e jnfhek
jnfhekfs
fsuj
ujso
so jcec
jcecfcf
fcf ctcu
ctcu supm
supmnj
njnf
nf cscj
cscj `kmct
`kmct
uftue prcfoecg. Loscrcfecf jnfhekfsujso cscj `kmct jofojcm 3 iumcf
sninmuj gcjom chcr oflufh tnmur ycfh logcsomecf inreucmotcs. Qnmcof otu
cscj `kmct jcjpu jnfurufecf rnsoek hcfhhucf jntcikmosjn LFC ycfh
 iosc scdc tnrdclo.
(Enjnfens YO, 923>432-8>)

LC@\CY R^Q\CEC

Cfhhrcnfy, & Cronstofofhsog. (9238). Hozo Ekfsnpso, Engcjomcf lcf Jnfyusuo.

Jnfyusuo. ^Iprnss.

Cjnroa
Cjnroacf
cf Qkaonty
Qkaonty `kr Ynprkl
Ynprkluat
uatovn
ovn Jnloaof
Jnloaofn.
n. 9239.
9239.  Chn cfl @nrtomoty.
@nrtomoty. Cmcicjc4 Cjnroacf
Qkaonty `kr Ynprkluatovn Jnloaofn.

Ctoec, Q. @., _ufus, J., & Rrojcflcro, M. C. (9238). Cpmoecso Rnfhgotufh Jcsc Quiur
Qu iur Xcfotc
Inricsos Cflrkol. Qnjofcr Fcsokfcm Qostnj Of`krjcso,
Of`krjcso, Qnptnjinr , 0??‑827.
 

Gclcycfo, pcscr oiu, Ycgcyu, J. C., & Jcrmofc,

Jcrmofc, Y. (923?). @cetkr-`cetkr _cfh Jnjpnfhcrugo
Of`nrtomotcs Rclc Xcfotc Lo Yujcg Qceot Lnwo Qro Ecrcwcfh. Gncmtg
Ecrcwcfh.  Gncmtg Qaonfan Hrkwtg
 Dkurfcm , <(9), 09‑81.

Gcmojcg, C. F., & Xofcrfo, Q. (9237). Rcpcrcf Ykeke, Qtctus Hozo, Inicf Enrdc Lcf Of`neso

Krhcf Ynprklueso Rclc Xcfotc Lnfhcf Jcscmcg @nrtomotcs Yso Qumtcf Chufh Qnjcrcfh.
 Durfcm Ensngctcf Jcsycrcect (n-Dkurfcm),
(n-Dkurfcm), 0 (>),
(>), 929‑927.

Gcrfo, C. D., & Cfotc, C. (9238). Rnrinlccf Mcjc Xcetu Enjicmo Gcjom pclc EI Quftoe 3
Iumcf lnfhcf EI Quftoe 1 Iumcf lo Xomcycg Enrdc Rusensjcs Lcyc Jurfo Eciupctnf
\umcfh Icwcfh Icrct Mcjpufh. Durfcm
Mcjpufh. Durfcm Ensngctcf,
Ensngctcf, 7(1), <9?.
gttps4//lko.krh/32.90012/de.v7o1.>17

Enjnfens YO. 9231. Iumntof

9231. Iumntof Dnflnmc Lctc lcf Of`krjcso Ensngctcf Nmojofcso \ntcfus Jctnrfcm
lcf Fnkfctcm . Dcecrtc4 Rusct Lctc lcf Of`krjcso Enjnftnrocf Ensngctcf YO.

Enjnfens. (9238). Iueu
(9238). Iueu Qceu Icho Rnfyumug Rnrfoecgcf Ensngctcf Ynprklueso Acmkf
 Rnfhcftof4 Jnfudu Enmucrhc Qngct . Enjnftrocf Ensngctcf lcf Enjnftnrocf Chcjc.

Enjnftnrocf ensngctcf Ynpuimoe Oflkfnsoc. (923<). Rnrjnfens

(923<). Rnrjnfens YO.Fk. ?8 \cguf 923< tnftcfh
 Rnmcycfcf ensngctcf jcsc sninmuj gcjom, jcsc gcjom, pnrscmofcf, lcf jcsc snsulcg
jnmcgorecf, pnfynmnfhhcrccf pnmcycfcf ekftrcsnpso snrtc pnmcycfcf ensngctcf snesucm .

Enjnftrocf Ensngctcf Ynpuimoe Oflkfnsoc. (923>). Ensngctcf

(923>). Ensngctcf Ynprklueso lcf Qnesucm Icho
Acmkf Rnfhcftof.
Rnfhcftof. Ennjnftrocf Ensngctcf YO.

Enjnftrocf Ensngctcf Ynpuimoe Oflkfnsoc. (9237). Rnlkjcf

(9237). Rnlkjcf Rnmcycfcf Ensngctf jcsc
 sninmuj gcjom .

Jcrjo. 9239. Csugcf Eniolcfcf Rclc Oiu Gcjom nloso 8. _khycecrtc

 Fosc, E. (9237). Rnfhcrug Ekfsnmofh Jnfhnfco Hozo Rrcekfsnpso \nrgclcp Csupcf Rrktnof,
Ecmsouj, Tct Inso, Cscj @kmct Lcf Qtctus Hozo Rclc Xcfotc ^soc Quiur Lo Lnsc Rcmug
EnjorO. Rrcekfsnpso
EnjorO. Rrcekfsnpso..

Rrcworkgcrldk, Q. (9232). Omju
(9232). Omju Ecflufhcf.
Ecflufhcf. R\. Iofc Rustcec.

Rurwcflcro. (9233). Rnrjumccf
(9233). Rnrjumccf Engolupcf Jcfusoc (Rnrenjicfhcf Rrcfctcm  (I.
 (I. J. E. @OR.
 

(nl.)). ^F_.

Ruspotc, _. (9230). Rcflucf
(9230). Rcflucf Anpct Jnflcpctecf Iucg Gcto.
Gcto . Qtomnttk Ikke.

Qntocwcf. (9238). Ecjus
(9238). Ecjus Inscr Icgcsc Oflkfnsoc Kfmofn vnrso 9.2 (I.
9.2 (I. R. lcf R. Icgcsc (nl.)).
Enjloeiul.

Qojktupcfh, C. J. (9237). RNFHCY^G EKFQNMOFH HOTO RYCEKFQNRQO \NYGCLCR

RNFHN\CG^CF LCF QOECR XCFO\C RYCFOECG LO ENACJC\CF IC\CFH
E^OQ.

Qotkjpum Nwc Jkmoec. (923>). Rcflucf

(923>). Rcflucf Roftcr Jnfhgotufh Jcsc Quiur . Eufao Cescrc.

\gcgc, C. Y. (9238). Rnrcf Eclnr Rksycflu Rclc Rnmcycfcf \nrpclu Xcfotc Rrcekfsnpso Lo
Xomcycg Rusensjcs Rcttohcmmkcfh. Durfcm
Rcttohcmmkcfh. Durfcm Jejo, 329‑32?.
Jejo, 329‑32?.

Pcrfny, Gnmnf & Jcrmyf GN, Lcvol X, J. M. (9239). Iueu

(9239).  Iueu Cdcr Csugcf Eniolcfcf Nloso <
Pkmujn 9.
9. NHA.

Pcrfny, G., & Dcf J.E, A. (9232). Iueu

(9232). Iueu Cdcr Csugcf Eniolcfcf (<tg
Eniolcfcf (<tg nl.). NHA.