Introduction To Planning and Scheduling

CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 3
Construction Project
Intr oducti on to Pl anni ng and Schedul ing
This module provides an introduction to

the basic concepts of Planning and
Scheduling
8.1 COMMON TERMINOLOGIES
Project Planning
Defined as an effort to create or modify a specific Defined as determining the relationship between the
product or service. Projects are temporary work work operation and the sequence in which they are
efforts with a clear beginning and end. to be performed.
Operation Management Scheduling

A form of optimal and comprehensive management Structured to become a reference in the
that covers several issues including labor, products implementation of the project as well as the basic for
(services or goods), equipment, machinery and raw supervision of the project implementation.
material.
EXAMPLE OF CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
FOUNDATION SUB-ZONING
EXP- AREA 1 AREA 2 AREA 3 AREA 4 EXP-2

1
2 3
11 12 24 22 10 8 7
9
17
3 16
14 15
Ok! Ok! 16 15
20 14 13 6
4 Ok! 18 23 21 19
7 9 13 Ok!
1
8 10 Ok! Ok! 12 11
21 22 18
2
1 6 5 20 17 5 4
19
LEGEND:
WEST HALF (GL 1-11) EAST HALF (GL 12-21)
REBAR INSTALLATION REBAR INSTALLATION
FORMWORKS AND CASTING

OF COLUMN
BASEMENT ZONING
EXPANSION EXPANSION
AREA 1 AREA 2 AREA 3 AREA 4
AREA 1 AREA 2
EXPANSION EXPANSION
AREA 1 AREA 2 AREA 3 AREA 4
AREA 1 (974.44 sq. m) (1,148.69 sq. m) (1,119.52 sq. m) (874.18 sq. m)
AREA 2
(357.03 sq. m) (321.30 sq. m)
FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 00
SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)
PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

Ok!
SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

Ok!
SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

Ok!
SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

SUB AREA STATUS
ON-GOING
LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

EXAMPLE OF CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING
EXAMPLE OF CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
8.2 VALUE ENGINEERING IN CONSTRUCTION
Value
A Value is the ratio of function to cost and can therefore be
manipulated by either improving the function or reducing the cost.
Value Engineering
Value Engineering is based on an analysis investigating systems,
equipment, facilities, services, and supplies for providing
necessary functions at the lowest life cycle cost while meeting the
required targets in performance, reliability, quality, and safety.
Four Types of Values

1. USE VALUE relates to the use of the product or system, functional or
service rendered.
2. ESTEEM VALUE relates to value accruing from owning a product or its VALUE = function ÷ cost
appearance value.
3. COST VALUE relates to costs required to produce a building = worth to you ÷ price you pay
product/component such as the sum of labor, materials, and other costs. = performance ÷ cost
4. EXCHANGE VALUE relates to the properties or qualities that enable = function ÷ resources
people to exchange a product or system for something else.
History of Value Engineering Essence of Value Engineering
To introduce alternative design that will give us
the same value in a lesser cost especially for
Materials, Transportation, Plant and Equipment,
Process, Sourcing, Delivered Standards, and
etc.
General Guidelines (Structured Process)

LAWRENCE D.MILES 1. Gathering Information
1904 - 1985 2. Analyzing the design
“Father of Value Engineering” 3. Alternative Solution
4. Review and Evaluate Alternative
5. Preparing Report
• Shortage of materials during world war II
• General Electric Company (VP Harry Erlicker)
found that many of the substitutes have better
or equal performance at less cost.
• Lawrence De Miles Launched an effort to
make the concept systematic in 1947
Example
II. Analyzing the Design
• Functionality (Structural Design vs. Architectural
Design)
• Cost Involve
• Maintenance Cost
III. Alternative Solution
• Use of secondary glazing by reducing the size of
glass panel
• Reconfiguring the façade such that the installation of
glass panel be inclined to reduce wind load
concentration
Designing a residential house with full glass façade • Propose a roof deck instead of full glass façade using
on all four sides. lightweight concrete to minimize the cost of
I. Gathering Information upgrading the foundations
• Open space, no neighboring structure IV. Review and Evaluate Alternative
• Façade are made of full tempered glass capable • Check the functionality vs. cost
of resisting wind load
• It costs 4x and up more than an ordinary glass V. Prepare Report

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Introduction To Planning and Scheduling

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CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND

Intr oducti on to Pl anni ng and Schedul ing

This module provides an introduction to

Operation Management Scheduling

EXP- AREA 1 AREA 2 AREA 3 AREA 4 EXP-2

FORMWORKS AND CASTING

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 00

SUB AREA STATUS

PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)

PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)

LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 01

SUB AREA STATUS

PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)

PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)

LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 02

SUB AREA STATUS

PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)

PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)

LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 03

SUB AREA STATUS

PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)

PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)

LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 04

SUB AREA STATUS

PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)

PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)

LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 05

SUB AREA STATUS

PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)

PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)

LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 06

SUB AREA STATUS

PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)

PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)

LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 07

SUB AREA STATUS

PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)

PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)

LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 08

SUB AREA STATUS

PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)

PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)

LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 09

SUB AREA STATUS

PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)

PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)

LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 10

SUB AREA STATUS

PILE CAP CONCRETED (CURRENT)

PILE CAP CONCRETED (PREVIOUS)

LEAN CONCRETE (FTB)

FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT DAY 11