GWG Unit IG2 – Risk Assessment

Element 9:
Work Equipment

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 Learning Outcomes
9.1 Outline general requirements for work equipment

9.2 Explain the hazards and controls for hand-held tools

GWG
9.3 Describe the main mechanical and non-mechanical hazards of
machinery

9.4 Explain the main control measures for reducing risk from machinery
hazards.

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 Work Equipment
Types
• Hand tools
• Power tools
GWG • Machinery
• Access equipment

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 Work Equipment
Selection and Suitability
Work equipment should be carefully selected to ensure it is
GWG appropriate for the:
• Task
• Environment
• Machine to meet basic safety standards, e.g. CE or ISI
marked.

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 Prevention of Access
To dangerous parts of Machinery :
• Fixed guards
GWG • Other guards and protective devices
• Protective appliance
• IITS

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 Maintenance
Work equipment should be maintained in a safe working condition,
according to any
• legal standards that exist
GWG • Manufacturer’s recommendation
Hazards
• Unintentional starting of machinery
• The release of stored energy e.g. pressure, electrical power.
• Limited access/egress
• Residues
• Mechanical hazards
• Heat or cold surfaces
• Confined spaces
• Working at height

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 Maintenance
Precautions
• Isolate electrical power
• Permit to work procedures
GWG • Locking out and tagging off of any services or
piped energy to the machine
• Dissipate heat energy by allowing machinery to
cool
• Stored power to be released or secured
• Barrication with signs
• Provide suitable and sufficient lighting and
means of access
• PPE
• Ventilation
• Trained, competent and authorised persons to
perform the work

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 Environmental Factors
Equipment should be,
• Stable
GWG • Controls appropriately marked
• Have appropriate warning signs
Lighting should be,
• Adequate
• Environmentally suitable
Space should be adequate,
• Operators to move around work
equipment safely
• Prevent others coming into dangerous
parts

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 End-of-Section Quiz
GWG
Flashing lights and beacons comes under which category of
controls of work equipment?
a. Administrative control
b. Awareness control
c. Presence sensing device
d. Personal protective equipment

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 Unit IG2: Element 9.2
Hand-Held Tools
GWG

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 Handheld Non-Power Tools
Examples:
• Chisel
• Hammer
GWG • Screwdriver
• Axe

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 Handheld Non-Power Tools
Hazards:
• Misuse
GWG • Handle may come loose
• Tool may be blunt requiring excessive force
• Tool may shatter during use

Control Measures:
• Conditions and fitness for use
• Safe use requirements
• Suitability for purpose and environment

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 Portable Power Tools
Portable power tools create greater risk than simple hand tools because:
•The force generated by the tool are far greater
(For e.g.. A ruptured disc from a disc cutter will cut an arm off, which is not
GWG going to happen when use of hand saw)
Power tools also presents additional hazards :-
As per the type of tool used

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 Electric Drill
Hazards:
• Contact with electricity
• Entanglement: loose clothing or hair become entangled with
GWG rotating shaft
• Injection: puncture of skin by drill bit
• Contact : contact with rotating shaft and drill bit
• Ejection: hit by flying debris or broken drill bit
Precautions:
• Pre-use check to ensure there is no damage and is fit for the task
• Ensure there are isolation measures
• Ensure drill bit is sharp
• Ensure material is clamped down securely
• PPE

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 End-of-Section Quiz
GWG
Which doesn’t come under the factor to consider under suitability
of hand tools?
a. Non-sparking tools for flammable atmospheres
b. Safety knives with enclosed blades
c. Specially protected and insulated tools for electricians
d. Working hours

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 Unit IG2: Element 9.3
Machinery Hazards
GWG

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 Mechanical & Non-mechanical Hazards
Mechanical hazards
Contact with or being caught up
by dangerous moving parts
GWG • Entanglement
• Drawing in or trapping
• Shearing
• Crushing
• Cutting
• Impact
• Injection
• Stabbing or puncture
• Friction or abrasion

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 Mechanical & Non-mechanical Hazards
Non-Mechanical hazards
From power source or things being
emitted by the machine
GWG • Electricity
• Dust and fumes
• Fire/explosion
• Noise and Vibration
• Hazardous chemicals being handled
• Radiation
• Access and Egress
• Obstructions and projections
• Manual handling

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 Range of Machineries

GWG

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 End-of-Section Quiz
GWG
Which ONE of the following hazard is categorized as
‘mechanical’?
a. Crushing
b. Noise
c. Electricity
d. Hazardous substance

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 Unit IG2: Element 9.4
Control Measures for Machinery
GWG

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 The Safeguarding
• It may be possible to eliminate the risk created by a piece of
machinery by getting rid of the machine that creates the risk.
However, this is not an option in most cases.
GWG
• Guards and other protection methods must be used to control the
risks associated with machinery.

• Even when most hazards can be eliminated through good design,

other hazards will still remain.

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 The Safeguarding
Guards Protective Devices
• Fixed Guards
• Two-handed controls
• Interlock Guards
GWG • Hold to Run
• Automatic Guards
• Adjustable/self-adjusting guards • Protective appliances
• Trip Devices

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 The Safeguarding
Application of Safeguard – p258

Fixed Guards Interlock Guards Automatic Guards Adjustable/

self-adjusting guards

GWG

Trip Devices Two-handed controls Hold to Run Protective appliances

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 Fixed Guard

• A fixed guard is a physical barrier that prevents a person from

coming into contact with dangerous moving parts
GWG • It must be designed in such a way that it is not possible to reach
in and contact dangerous parts

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 Interlock Guard

Basic principle of an interlocked guard

• Power to the machine is disabled and the machine will not
GWG operate until the guard is in place
• Either the guard is locked shut until it is safe for the guard to
open, or the act of opening the guard stops the dangerous parts
and disables power.

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 Push Away Guard

• Designed to physically remove from danger any part of a person

exposed to that danger
GWG • Physically pushing the operator away
• Suitable only for slow stroke machines like lathe, printing press

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 Trip Devices

• Not a physical barrier

• Uses sensors to detect presence of operator and stop the
GWG machine
• They include:
✓ Pressure mats
✓ Photo-electric devices

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 Two Hand Control

• Two-handed controls ensure the operator is standing away from

the danger area when causing dangerous movements.
GWG • They force the operator to use both hands to operate the
machine controls

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 Protection Appliances

• Jigs
• Holders
GWG • Push stick

• Designed to keep operators’ hands away from danger

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 IITS

• The topic to be covered in training shall include

• Identification of the hazards
GWG • Operation and working of various safeguards and devices
• Appropriate use of provided safeguards
• Authorized person to install, maintain the guards
• The selection and use of PPE

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 Personal Protective Equipment

Workers must be provided with the appropriate personal protective

equipment
GWG • Fit-for-purpose
• Suitability
• Provided at no cost to employees
• Consultation
• Training
• Storage

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 Photocopier

• The internal parts of the photocopiers are fully enclosed, and the
access doors are interlocked to guarantee that the machine
GWG comes to a stop when the doors are opened for maintenance
work or clearing paper jam
• A program schedule of portable appliance testing
• Use in a ventilated room

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 Bench Grinder

• Confirm all the guards are positioned and secured properly before
using a grinder
GWG • Wheels to be encased with fixed guard to prevent ejection of
pieces of broken wheel
• Install adjustable guard with toughened glass over wheel to
protect the operator
• Adjust tool rests as close as possible to wheels.
• Never adjust rests while wheels are moving
• A program schedule of PAT (Portable Appliance Testing) be
implemented
• Extract ventilation is fitted to the wheel encasing to remove dust
at source
• Use appropriate PPE: goggles, gloves, safety boots, etc

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 Pedestal Drill

• Inspect equipment before use

• Motor and drive enclosed by fixed guard
GWG • The spindle must have an adjustable guard
• Work-piece must be clamped securely in vice and / or to table
use cutting fluids where possible to reduce friction and cutting
forces.
• The guard should be interlocked by the suitable power to avoid
the inadvertent starting of the machine when the guard is open.
• Drill bit to be securely clamped in the chuck
• A program schedule of PAT
• Goggles, gloves and safety boots to be worn by operator

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 Bench Mounted Circular Saw

• Motor and drives to be fitted with fixed guard

• Saw blade to be mounted with adjustable guard
GWG • Machinery should, wherever possible, be equipped with
mechanical feeding devices.
• Push sticks are an additional device used to keep hands away
from the blade.
• Emergency stop button accessible by operator
• Appropriate PPE such as ear protection, goggles, safety boots to
be worn by operator

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 Chainsaw

• Engine part of the chain saw to be encased by fixed guard

• Electrical cables to be double insulated
GWG • Ear protection, goggles, safety boots and long pants to be worn
by operator
• Use restricted to trained operators only

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 Basic Characteristics of a Guard

• Suitable for the purpose

• Of good design and built, sound material and adequate strength
GWG • Maintained in an effective state and working order and in good
repair
• Not create any increased risk to health or safety
• Not be quickly bypassed or disabled
• Be situated at sufficient distance from the risk zone
• Not block the view of the operating cycle of the machinery
• Compatible
• Allows maintenance without removal

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 End-of-Section Quiz
GWG
Push sticks are an additional device used to keep hands away
from the blade.
a. True
b. False

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 End-of-Element Quiz
1. Before buying new equipment the buyer will need to think about ____
GWG a. What it will be used for
b. Who will use it
c. Where and how it will be used
d. All the above
2. The major requirement of a guard is
a. To block ventilation
b. Should be easy to remove
c. To withstand the force from ejected particles
d. To increase the risk to workers

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 End-of-Element Quiz
3. A fixed guard has moving parts to prevent access to the dangerous parts of
the machinery.
a. True
b. False
GWG
4. Which ONE of the following doesn’t come under the category ‘hand tools’?
a. Screwdriver
b. Hammer
c. Plier
d. Photocopier

5. When a moving part directly strikes a person, such as with the accidental
movement of a robot’s working arm when maintenance is taking place is ___
hazard.
a. Impact
b. Stabbing
c. Cutting
d. Crushing

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