2020 APR GWG Unit IG2 Element 8 v03 S PDF

Unit IG2 – Risk Assessment
Element 8:
GWG
Other General Workplace Issues
© Copyright Green world Group

Learning Outcomes
8.1 Outline common health, welfare and work environment requirements in the
workplace
8.2 Explain the hazards and control measures for safe working at height
8.3 Outline the characteristics of a confined space, what should be considered in a
GWG risk assessment of, the main hazards of and safe-systems-of-work for a confined
space
8.4 Outline what a lone worker is, the steps to take to avoid lone work, particular
hazards of and what should be included in a risk assessment for lone working
8.5 Outline the common causes of and control measures for slips and trips in the
workplace
8.6 Outline the hazards and control measures for the safe movement of people and
vehicles in the workplace
8.7 Outline the advantages and disadvantages of road traffic safety management
systems, factors to consider when assessing the risk from work-related driving and
the hazards associated with electric and hybrid vehicles.

Welfare Requirements
Drinking water • Wholesome, labelled (if not)
GWG Sanitary conveniences • Sufficient numbers

• Separate for men and women
• Protected from weather
• Clean, lit & ventilated
• Provision for the disabled
Washing facilities • Close to toilets and changing rooms

• Showers if required
• Hot and cold water, soap, towels
• Means of drying

Changing rooms • For special work wear
• Lit, cleaned and ventilated
GWG • Separate facilities for men and women
Accommodation for • Lockers, etc.

clothing • Personal clothing clean and secure
• Separate storage for dirty work wear
Resting and eating • Sufficient seats and tables

facilities • Away from work location
• Hygienic environment
• Means of preparing hot food and drink
• Separate facilities for new and expectant
mothers
Seating • Appropriate seating
• Stable, backrest and footrest where
GWG appropriate
Ventilation • Sufficient supply of fresh or purified air
Temperature • Reasonable temperature indoors
Lighting • Adequate lighting
Space • Adequate to perform task safely
Noise • Controls to reduce noise may be needed

Ventilation
Factors to consider when providing workplace ventilation
GWG • Fresh air to be provided

• Should not cause discomfort
• Stale, humid or hot air must be changed at a sensible rate
• All ventilation devices must be regularly cleaned and tested

Lighting
Factors to consider when providing workplace lighting
• Task
GWG • The size, volume and layout of the work area
• The equipment being used
• Availability of natural lighting
• The shift patterns
• Suitability of artificial lighting
• Glare from computer screens
• Areas in shadow
• Need for localised lighting
• Maintenance and replacement of faulty lighting Local Lighting
• Requirement and provision of emergency lighting

Lighting
GWG
Effects of Extremes of Temperatures
Hot Environments Cold Environments
GWG • Hyperthermia • Slip hazard

• Skin Burns • Shivering
• Dehydration • Cold Burns
• Muscle Cramps • Frostbite
• Heat Strokes • Hypothermia
• Heat Stress

Control Measures
Hot Environments Cold Environments
GWG • Cold drinks • Use of thermal clothing

• Mechanical aids • Reduced exposure time
• Minimizing exposure • Monitoring of workers
• Shielding and refugees • Cold sensors and alarms
• Ventilation • Heating system
• Suitable clothing
• Health surveillance
• Reducing heat at source
• Regular work breaks

End-of-Section Quiz
GWG
____ lighting provides uniform illumination over the whole working
area and does not limit positioning of the work.
a. General
b. Localised
c. Local
d. All the above

GWG
Unit IG2: Element 8.2
Working at Height

Working at Height
Main Risks
Worker Falling
GWG Object Falling
Consequences
Fatality
Neck or spinal injury
Broken bones

Working at Height
Risk Factors – Roof Work
• Vulnerable roofing materials

GWG
• Exposed edges
• Hazardous access devices
• Falls from purlins, girders or ridges
• Overhead services and blockages
• Asbestos
• Using equipment such as gas cylinders and
bitumen boilers
• Manual dealing with hazards
• Adverse weather

Working at Height
Factors to consider when identifying control measures for work at
height:
• Nature and duration of task
GWG • Competence
• Training
• Planning and supervision
• Suitability of equipment, maintenance
• Use of working platforms
• PPE, e.g. harnesses and helmets
• Fall arrest systems
• Weather
• Health of workers
• Compliance with regulations

Working at Height
Hierarchy
• Avoid operating at height, if possible

GWG
• Use of suitable suspension equipment if works are required to
be done for a short period
• Collective fall arrest equipment
• Individual fall restrainers
• Ladders or step ladders be considered

Emergency Rescue from Heights and
Head Protection
Emergency procedures need to be developed for
reasonably foreseeable events when workers might
become trapped while working at height.
GWG Example: Unable to climb back after falling in a
safety harness
Head Protection:
• Mandatory wearing of hard hats
• Do not protect against all falling objects
• Additional control measure

Access Equipment
Ladders :To be used for short duration work only.
Hazards:
GWG • Falls from height:
• Falling off the ladder
• The ladder toppling sideways
• The ladder base slipping out from the wall
• Objects falling from height
• Contact with live overheads

Access Equipment
Ladder Controls
• Ladder at correct angle – ratio of 1:4
• Extends suitable distance - 1 mètre
GWG • Tied off at top
• On secure base level ground
• Visible in safe position, e.g., access
• Suitable for the purpose e.g. single
span/limited length
• Inspection and maintenance
• Removed or boarded at night/in
times of non-use
• Assistance when removing/erecting
ladder
• Not used for carrying excess loads

Scaffold
Basic components of independent tied scaffold
Standards – Uprights or vertical tubes

GWG
GWG
Ledgers – Horizontal tubes
Transoms – Short horizontal tubes
spanning across ledgers
Bracing – Diagonal tubes
Base – Underneath the standards
plates
Sole – Timber under base plates
boards

Scaffold
Hazards
• Falls from scaffold during erection
• Falls from work platform
GWG • Falling objects
• Collapse
Scaffolds should be erected by trained workers and

inspected by a competent person

Scaffold
Inspection Requirements Points to consider
(frequency) • Base
GWG • After erection • Line of standards and ledgers is
• Once every seven days accurate and correct
• After adverse weather • Condition of tubes and fittings
conditions • Right couplers are used
• Being struck by a vehicle • Spacing of transoms
• After substantial alteration • Guardrails, toe boards installed
• Sufficient bracing

Scaffold
Causes of Scaffold Collapse
• Not inspected prior to use
• Unstable foundations
• Standards not upright
GWG
• Erected by incompetent workers
• Overloading
• Modified incorrectly
• Undermined by excavations
• Hit by machinery
• Excessive winds/Rain

Mobile Tower Scaffold
Hazards
• Overturning
• Collapse
• Fall from height
• Falling objects
GWG • Overhead obstructions

Mobile Tower Scaffold
Precautions
• Guardrails fitted to the work platform
• Not overloaded
• Wheels locked when in use
GWG • Tower must be sited on firm, level ground
• Diagonal bracing
• People, materials off when moved
• Avoid overheads when tower is moved
• Outriggers used when necessary
• No climbing outside of tower
• Only trained workers to built the tower

Mobile Elevated Work Platform (MEWP)
Hazards
• Falls
• Objects falling
• Collapse
GWG
• Overturn (toppling)
• Contact with live overheads
• Unauthorised use

Mobile Elevated Work Platform (MEWP)
Precautions
• Vehicle to be in firm, stable ground
• Clearance of obstructions and overheads
• Adequate warning has been given to persons on the
GWG ground
• Must not be overloaded
• Must be inspected as an item of lifting equipment
• Guardrails incorporated into the cradle
• Use restricted to trained and authorized staff

Suspended Access Equipment
Precautions
• Regular inspection
• Safe working load
GWG • Competent staff
• Safety equipment working
• Platform edge protection
• Guard rails and toe boards fitted
• Adverse weather rules
• Protected electricity supplies
• Communication
• Emergency procedures

Stacking and Storage/Falling Materials
Safe stacking and storage rules
• Secured, neatly stacked on stable level bases.
• Stored items and storage racks must not protrude beyond the sides of the rack.
• Circular items such as pipes and drums should be stored in suitably designed
GWG restrictive racks, or firmly chocked to prevent falling.
• Storage racks for storing tools and equipment must be marked with maximum
loading values (SWL).
• Not overloaded.
• Bulky items that are manually handled must be stored at a low height.
• Safe access to be provided.
• Do not allow the storage of items on the top of cabinets or other furniture and
fittings not specifically designed for storage.
• Segregation of certain materials and substances.

End-of-Section Quiz
GWG
A climbing helmet is designed to give protection against falling
objects and impact to the head in the event of a fall and will have
a chin strap with four points of attachment.
a. True
b. False

GWG
Safe Working in Confined Spaces

Safe Working in Confined Spaces
Confined Space:
Any space of an enclosed nature where there is a risk of death or
serious injury from hazardous substances or dangerous conditions.
GWG
Hazards
• Flammable substances and oxygen enrichment
• Excessive heat
• Toxic gas, fume or vapour
• Oxygen deficiency
• The ingress or presence of liquids
• Free flowing solids
Examples
• Storage tanks, Silos, Sewers, Ductwork,
Poorly ventilated rooms

Controlling Risk of Working in Confined Spaces
• Avoiding the need for entry
• Developing a safe system of work
• Keeping an emergency system in place
GWG • Provision of training

Controlling Risk of Working in Confined Spaces
SSoW for confined space will include:
• Supervision
• Competency
GWG • Segregation
• Isolation
• Cleaning and ventilating the space
• Atmospheric testing
• Providing suitable access to space
• Lighting
• Use of PPE
• Communication
• Emergency / rescue procedures
• Suitability of individuals

End-of-Section Quiz
GWG
Which of the following is an example of confined space?
a. Storage tanks
b. Poorly ventilated rooms
c. Sewers
d. All the above

GWG
Lone Working

Lone Working
Lone Workers: “Workers who are separated from their work colleagues”
• Lack assistance if things go wrong
• Communication with colleagues more difficult, i.e.
GWG – out of eyesight
– out of earshot

Lone Working
SSOW
• Periodic visits from the supervisor
• Remote Supervision
GWG
• Logging worker’s locations
• Automatic warning devices
• Checks that the lone worker has returned safely home/to their base
• Arrangements for first aid
• Emergency procedures
• Training for workers

End-of-Section Quiz
GWG
A lone worker is ‘someone who works by themselves without
close or direct supervision’.
a. True
b. False

GWG
Slips and Trips

Slips and Falls
Causes
• Slipped on wet surface
• Slipped on dry surface
• Tripped over obstruction
GWG
• Tripped over uneven floor surface

Slips and Falls
Factors that contribute to these accidents

• The floor surface: slippery surface, holes, uneven surface
• Contamination: Spillages, Leaks, etc.
GWG
• Obstructions: Rubbish, Trailing cables, Rugs, etc.
• The Task: Carrying loads, insufficient space to work
• Environment: Lighting
• Footwear: unsuitable footwear
• The People: Unaware of the dangers

Slips and Trips
Precautions
• Designated walk routes
• Ensure walkways are level
GWG • Ensure walkways are non-slip
• Well lit and clearly marked walkways
• Spillage procedures
• Eliminate need to carry loads
• Make employees aware of the hazards

Slips and Trips – steps & stairs
Hazards
• Inadequate design
• Poor Housekeeping (obstructions, trailing cables)
• Poor lighting
GWG • Slippery surfaces or unsuitable footwear
• Damaged flooring or coverings
• Manual handling/rushing on stairs

Slips and Trips – steps & stairs
Precautions
• Adequate width of walkways/stairs and handrails
fitted
• Remove obstructions
GWG • Improve lighting levels and install emergency
lighting
• Non-slip surfaces
• Spillages procedures
• Covered walkways
• Repair defects
• Use lifts for loads

End-of-Section Quiz
GWG
Slip hazard is not caused by ____
a. Dusty floors
b. Spillage of oil
c. Low walls
d. Unsuitable footwear

GWG
Safe Movement of
People & Vehicles in the Workplace

Vehicle Movement Hazards
Vehicle movement risks include:
• Loss of control
• Overturning of vehicles
GWG • Colliding with fixed structures, other moving vehicles and
pedestrians

Vehicle Movement Hazards
Overturn:
• Travelling on gradients that are too steep
• Fork-lift trucks moving forwards when descending slopes
GWG
• Being overloaded, unevenly loaded or carrying unstable
loads
• Moving on soft or uneven ground or falling into
excavations
• Moving over slippery surfaces
• Moving too fast, especially around corners
• Moving over kerbs, steps or other edges
• Poor maintenance, e.g. of tires and brakes
• Vehicle used is not compatible with the task
• Handling/carrying and moving with raised loads

Control Measures
Safe site:
• Vehicle-free zones/ Pedestrian-free zones
• Traffic route layout segregation
GWG
• Marked walkways/ Separate access points
• Good visibility, Blind spots should be eliminated
• Banksmen
• Signage
• Maintained roads/pathways
• Avoid gradients
• Speed limits set

Control Measures
Safe vehicle:
• Suitable for the tasks required
• Suitable for the environment
GWG
• Provided with warning aids
• Provided with protection from falling materials and roll
over
• Checked daily
• Properly maintained and in good repair

Control Measures
Safe driver:
• Mature and reliable
• Subject to pre-employment medical check
GWG
• Physically fit
• Regular medical tests
• Licensed
• Trained and competent
• Supervised and monitored
• Given refresher training

End-of-Section Quiz
GWG
A Vehicle Banksman is the person who is in charge of directing
the movements of large vehicles on a work site.
a. True
b. False

Managing Work Related Road Safety
This requires the employer to integrate road safety into their

existing safety management
GWG • Policy
• Systems
• Monitoring
• Organisation and structure
• Legal Responsibilities

Evaluating the Risks
The Driver
• Competency
− Drivers license checked
GWG − Experience and ability
• Fitness and health
− Medical examination
− Eyesight checks
− Drugs policy
• Training
− Advanced or defensive driving courses
− Vehicle safety, pre use inspection

The Vehicle
• The Vehicle Suitability • The Vehicle Safety Equipment
• Fit for purpose • Safety equipment should be properly
• Comply with safety fitted and maintained.
GWG • There should be reliable equipment to
standards
secure loads.
• The Vehicle Condition • Reverse lights and audible alarms should
• Maintenance be in good working condition
arrangements in place • Airbags are installed and functional
• Pre use checks • Anti-lock brakes are functional
• Defect reporting
• Ergonomic Considerations
• Adjustability of seat position and controls
The Journey
• Routes • Time
• Safer paths • Realistic – route, weather,
GWG • Select freeways breaks
• Avoid roadwork's • Overnight stay
• Use of taxi
• Scheduling • Distance
• Avoid fatigue hours • Not excessive
e.g. 02:00-06:00 and • Use other transport
14:00-16:00 hours
• Tachograph checking • Weather conditions
• Avoid peak hour traffic • Reliable weather forecasts
• No driving / additional safety
advise in bad weather
• Vehicles equipped to operate in
bad weather conditions
End-of-Section Quiz
GWG
Which of the following is not a journey factor to consider when
evaluating ‘driving at work’ risks?
a. Experience
b. Time
c. Distance
d. Route

End-of-Element Quiz
1. Sheeting a lorry or dipping a road tanker is an example of activity ‘working at
GWG height’.
a. True
b. False
2. ‘Speed limits’ must be set with clear signpost comes under which category of
control measures?
a. Safe vehicle
b. Safe site
c. Safe driver
d. All the above

End-of-Element Quiz
3. Drivers should have access to reliable weather forecast information so that
they can plan their journey accordingly.
a. True
b. False
GWG
4. In which of the following circumstances a lack of oxygen can occur in a
confined space.
a. Inside steel tanks and vessels when rust forms
b. Where there is a reaction between some soils and the oxygen in the
atmosphere
c. In freight containers as a result of the cargo reacting with oxygen inside
the space
d. All the above
5. Creating an exclusion zone to restrict access to areas where work at height
being carried out is an example of which category of hierarchy of control?
a. Elimination
b. Administrative control
c. Substitution
d. Engineering control
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Unit IG2 – Risk Assessment

© Copyright Green world Group

© Copyright Green world Group

GWG Sanitary conveniences • Sufficient numbers

Washing facilities • Close to toilets and changing rooms

© Copyright Green world Group

Accommodation for • Lockers, etc.

Resting and eating • Sufficient seats and tables

Ventilation • Sufficient supply of fresh or purified air

Temperature • Reasonable temperature indoors

Lighting • Adequate lighting

Space • Adequate to perform task safely

Noise • Controls to reduce noise may be needed

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GWG • Fresh air to be provided

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• Requirement and provision of emergency lighting

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Hot Environments Cold Environments

GWG • Hyperthermia • Slip hazard

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Hot Environments Cold Environments

GWG • Cold drinks • Use of thermal clothing

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• Vulnerable roofing materials

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• Avoid operating at height, if possible

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Standards – Uprights or vertical tubes

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Scaffolds should be erected by trained workers and

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Factors that contribute to these accidents

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