Building & Town Planning CL 304

Prof. Amit Dubey

Asst. Professor, CED
ITNU
 Never Mind, It doesn’t Matter

Apply your MIND, it does MATTER

 How this art got formalized???

Long time ago….people expressed

their ideas as………
Bhimbetka, Bhopal
Sculptures of ROME
Gustave Eiffel
 Bottomline
DESIGNERS may be the person or a group of people.

DESIGN has to be communicated to the manufacturers.

Communication can be done through sketches and Drawings.

Gasphard Monge

Father of Descriptive Geometry

 What is Drawing???
Pictorial Representation
Way of expression
Way of communication

What is Building Drawing???

It is the language of civil engineers.
Building Drawing conveys following Information

Geometry
Dimensions
Material
 Why to draw? What to draw? How to draw?

• For Approval • Layout Plans • Lines

• Construction • Working Drawing • Curves
• Detailed Drawing
• Estimates • Signs
 Components of drawing
• Drawing Sheet
• Lettering
• Lines
• Dimensioning
• Sign & symbols
Drawing Sheets

The Bureau of
Indian standards
related to
Drawing Sheets :

IS 10711-2001
Drawing Sheet Sizes (mm)

• A5 148 x 210

• A4 210 x 297

• A3 297 x 420

• A2 420 x 594

• A1 594 x 841

• A0 841 x 1189
 Layout of Drawing
• Border line with margin 10mm each side except LHS.

• 25-30mm on LHS
Title Block
 Lettering
IS 9609- 2001
Purpose Size of letters in mm
Main titles 10, 12
Subtitles 5, 6
dimensions 4, 5
 LINES

Bureau of Indian standards has given a code related to lines

IS 10714 – 2001

Deals with: purpose of different lines.

Thickness of different lines.
 Dimensioning

IS 10718 - 1993

•What is our goal when dimensioning a part?

Basically, dimensions should be given in a clear and concise manner and
should include everything needed to produce.
 LINES USED IN DIMENSIONING

Dimension lines
Extension lines
Leader lines

All three line types are drawn thin so that they will not be confused
with visible lines.
Dimension & Extension Line

A line terminated by arrow heads, which indicates the direction and

extent of a dimension.

Long Extension lines

Leader Line

A straight inclined thin solid line that is usually terminated by an

arrowhead, used to indicate the notes.
Avoid in leader lines……

• Crossing leaders.
• Long leaders.
 Arrow Heads

Arrowheads are drawn between the extension lines if possible. If space is

limited, they may be drawn on the outside.
 Types of Dimensions
Horizontal Dimension.

Vertical Dimension.

Angular Dimension.
Exercise:

Count how many linear, vertical & angular measurements in this:

 DO’S & DONT’S
• The spacing between dimension lines should be uniform throughout the
drawing.

• Do not dimension inside an object or have the dimension line touch the
object unless clearness is gained.

• Dimension text should be horizontal which means that it is read from the
bottom of the drawing.

• Dimension text should not cross dimension, extension or visible lines.

 Exercise:
List the dimensioning mistakes and then dimension the object
correctly.(5)
Spacing
Missing dim. (no.hole)
Text
No Gap
Don’t dim. inside the object.
Correctly Dimensioned:
• Dimension lines should not cross extension lines or other
dimension lines.

• Leader lines should be straight, not curved, and point to the

center of the arc or circle at an angle between 30–60 degree.
Exercise:
List the dimensioning mistakes and dimension them correctly. (4)
Dimension Placement:

• Dimensions should be grouped whenever possible.

• Do not dimension hidden lines.

Locating Features Using Datum
Exercise:
Dimensioning
The end
Conventional Signs

Conventional Signs are used in building drawings to represent various

building materials. Such as:

1. Brick

2. Stone

3. Concrete

4. Sand etc….
Conventional Symbols
They are used in building drawings to represent the actual object. They
are also known as CIVIL ENGINEERING SYMBOLS. Such as:

Wash basin

Shower

Bath tub

Door, window. Etc..

 Objectives of Signs & Symbols

• To save time & space in drawing sheet.

• To achieve quick identification of the details.

• To avoid the confusion in interpretation of details by site

supervisors.
Conventional symbols
Abbreviation as per IS 962- 1989
 Scale of Drawings

What is scale ????

What is full sized drawing..

Types of scale:

Numeric scale Graphical Scale

BUILDING COMPONENTS

Sub
structure

Super
Plinth
Structure
 Sub-Structure

The soil which is The foundation

It transmits the
in immediate part which is in
load of the
Foundation: structure to the
contact with the contact with the
foundation is sub soil is called
soil.
called sub soil. Base Footing.
Types of Foundation

Open/Shallow/Spr
ead Foundation

Deep/pile
Foundation
Open/ Shallow/ Spread Foundation
Deep/ Pile Foundation
 Plinth

Level of the floor level of the ground floor. Plinth height may be
between 300 to 600 mm. In common practice 450mm is provided.

Why plinth is provided????

Sub-Structure: Masonary Walls

Masonry

Bond

Dimension of brick

Thickness of wall
 Doors
Doors are the framed structure which provides access to the building.
 Lintels

Lintels are the structural members provided above the openings so as

to support the masonry load over it.

Thickness of the lintel is usually taken as 100 to 150 mm.

 Stairs
Tread

Stairs are the

series of steps
Rise
Stair Flight
arranged to
connect the
Case
floors.

Landing
 Flooring

• The purpose of a floor is to provide a level surface for the occupants

of a building, furniture & equipment.

• The flooring will be generally of PCC of about 150 mm, finished with
cement mortar of 20 mm thick or of mosaic tiles or marble.
Section of wall through door & window