TECHNIQUES USED IN DIFFERENT METHODS

TECHNIQUES GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD THE DIRECT METHOD THE AUDIO-LINGUAL COMMUNICATIVE
METHOD LANGUAGE
TEACHING

Use words in a sentence To understand the meaning and use of new This technique is not used in This technique is not used in This technique is not used in
vocabulary item, students make up sentences in this method. this method. this method.
which they use now words,

Translation Of A Students translate passages from target language This technique is not used in This technique is not used in This technique is not used in
Literary Passage to native language. The vocabulary and this method. this method. this method.
grammatical structure are worked upon. The text
may be from anywhere, even from the teacher's
own mind and may include grammar rules and
vocabulary. Students shouldn't translate idioms
and the like literally, but rather in a way that
shows they understand the meaning.

Reading Comprehension Students answer questions in target language This technique is not used in This technique is not used in This technique is not used in
Questions according to their understanding. They make this method. this method. this method.
inferences or relate to the passage.

Antonyms/ Synonyms Students are given one set of words and asked to This technique is not used in This technique is not used in This technique is not used in
find antonyms in the text or vice versa. They can this method. this method. this method.
also ask students to work with the vocabulary of
the passage.

Cognates Students are taught to recognize cognates by This technique is not used in This technique is not used in This technique is not used in
learning the spelling or sound patterns that this method. this method. this method.
correspond between the languages or memorize
words that look like cognates but have different
meanings in target language.

Deductive Application Grammar rules are presented with This technique is not used in This technique is not used in This technique is not used in
Of Rule examples.Exceptions are also noted. One this method. this method. this method.
 understood, students are asked to apply it to
different examples.
Fill In The Blanks Students are given sentences with words
missing. They fill in the blanks with new
vocabulary items or with items or particular
grammar type.
Memorization Students are given a list of vocabulary in target
language and their native language equivalents
and asked to memorize them. They are asked to
memorize grammatical rules and paradigms.
Composition Teacher gives the students a topic to write about
in their target language. Sometimes instead of
composition, students are asked to prepare a
precis of the passage.
Reading aloud This technique is not used in this method.
Question and answer This technique is not used in this method.
exercise
Conversation practice This technique is not used in this method.
All the items are in the target
language and no explicit
grammar rule is given. Students
induce the grammar rule they
need to fill in the blanks.
This technique is not used in
this method.
This technique is not used in
this method.
Students take turns reading a
passage, pay aloud. Then the
teacher uses visual aids to make
the meaning of the section clear
This exercise is conducted in
the target language so students
practice new words and
grammatical structures.
Teacher asks students a
number of questions in the
target language which they
answer as accurately as
possible. She asked questions
This technique is not used in
this method.
Students memorize dialogs
through mimicry/; students
take the role of one person
while the teacher takes the
role of another. Certain
sentence patterns and
grammar points are included
within the dialogs.
This technique is not used in
this method.
This technique is not used in
this method.
This technique is not used in
this method.
This technique is not used in
this method.
This technique is not used in
this method.
This technique is not used in
this method.
This technique is not used in
this method.
This technique is not used in
this method.
This technique is not used in
this method.
This technique is not used in
this method.
 regarding a grammar structure
and later the students were able
to ask each other using the
same structure.

Getting students to self This technique is not used in this method. The teacher makes students This technique is not used in This technique is not used in
correct self-correct by asking them to this method. this method.
make a choice between what
they said and an alternative
answer. Or the teacher repeats
and stops right before the error.

Dictation This technique is not used in this method. Teacher reads the text three This technique is not used in This technique is not used in
times. The first time students this method. this method.
listen, second time write it
down and the third time they
check their work.

Map drawing This technique is not used in this method. This technique is used to give This technique is not used in This technique is not used in
students listening this method. this method.
comprehension practice.By
using a map and naming the
unknown geographical features
the teacher gave instructions
which the students followed.

Paragraph writing This technique is not used in this method. The teacher asks the students This technique is not used in This technique is not used in
to write a paragraph in their this method. this method.
own words either from
memorization or reading model
lessons.

Drills This technique is not used in this method. This technique is not used in Drills such as repetitions, This technique is not used in
this method. transformation, chain, single this method.
slit substitution, multiple slot
substitution, backward build
up (expansion) are used.
Use of minimal pairs This technique is not used in this method. This technique is not used in The teacher works with pairs This technique is not used in
this method. of words which differ in one this method.
sound. Students are asked to
perceive the difference
between the two sounds and
later be able to say the two
words.

Grammar game This technique is not used in this method. This technique is not used in Games are designed to get This technique is not used in
this method. students to practice a this method.
grammar point within a
context. There’s a lot of
repetition in this game and not
much area for self-expression.

Authentic material This technique is not used in this method. This technique is not used in This technique is not used in CLT uses language materials
this method. this method. authentic to native speakers
of the target language. For
higher level it will be
newspaper articles, for
lower proficiency the use of
weather forecast and lower
level class uses timetables
etc.

Scrambled sentences This technique is not used in this method. This technique is not used in This technique is not used in Students are given a text in
this method. this method. which sentences are in a
scrambled order. They are
asked to unscramble the
sentences which teaches
them about cohesion and
coherence properties of
language.
Language games This technique is not used in this method. This technique is not used in This technique is not used in Students find this technique
this method. this method. enjoyable and if designed
properly they give students
valuable communicative
practice. Morrow’s three
communicative features
were manifested in the card
game that happened in the
classroom.

Picture strip story This technique is not used in this method. This technique is not used in This technique is not used in This technique includes the
this method. this method. three features of a
communicator. It can be
structured so students share
information or work
together to arrive at a
solution which makes them
efficient in negotiating
meaning..

Role play This technique is not used in this method. This technique is not used in This technique is not used in This technique is used in a
this method. this method. well-structured as well as
less structured way. This
gives students an
opportunity to practice
communicating in different
social contexts and social
roles.