NMT 12 COMMUNITY ORAL QUESTIONS

Introduction  Define health

The health system  Levels of curative care

 Definition of PHC
 Characteristics of PHC
 Elements of PHC 
Demography  What is the rate of natural increase? What
is its importance? 
 Population pyramid
Measurement of health  Incidence and prevalence rates
 What are morbidity indices?
 Define the mortality rate
 Proportionate death rate
 Case fatality rate
 Fertility rates
 Crude birth rate
 General fertility rate
 What do you know about total fertility
rate?
 Fecundity rate
 The value of GFR General Fertility Rate
 Enumerate vital rates
Reproductive health  Maternal morbidity
 Definition of maternal
mortality
 Causes of maternal mortality 
 Goals of maternal program
 Infant mortality
 Mention the most easily preventable
causes of maternal mortality
ANSWER: A-sepsis : if u take precautions &
operate in aseptic conditions B-
hypertension : through proper care,follow
up during ANC
 Components of premarital care in detail
 Components of ANC
 Vitamin A and iron supplements
 Components of natal care
 How can we offer a proper obstetric care?
 Component of PNC
 Which type of car can protect the mother
(natal)
 Advantages of breast feeding 

1
NMT 12 COMMUNITY ORAL QUESTIONS

 Child subdivisions
 Define the infant
 Causes of infant mortality
 How can we reduce infant mortality?
 Growth monitoring
 Nutrition of the infant
 Components of child health program
 Tell all what you know about maternal and
child morbidity and mortality
 Fertility motives 
School health  School program
 Why are school age children a vulnerable
group?
 What are the other vulnerable groups you
know?
 Health education message of school
Health of people with special needs  Disability due to malnutrition
 Disability due to infectious diseases
Rural health  Rural problems 
 Rural nutritional problems
 Sources of water in rural areas
 Rural health services
Communication and health behavior  Communication components
 Communication barriers
 Types of communication
Occupational health  What do you know about pneumoconiosis?

 Types of pneumoconiosis
 Types of dust
 Dust control
 What is the most dangerous type of
pneumoconioses?
 Explain why the following types of
pneumoconioses are dangerous
 Asbestosis – Silicosis
 What should you do to reduce the risk for
pneumoconiosis if you were a factory
manager?
 Physical hazards
 Ionizing radiation
 Difference between stroke and exhaustion
 Caisson’s disease 
 Pre-employment examination

2
NMT 12 COMMUNITY ORAL QUESTIONS

 What are the occupational diseases that

can affect a farmer?
Environmental health  Indoor pollution
 Health problems related to hospital wasteS
Statistics  Types of samples
 Characteristics of the good table
 Define the mode, median and midrange
 What is the importance of the median?
 Normal distribution curve
Nutrition  Protein energy malnutrition
 Dietary fibres 
 Carcinogenic diet
 Fat soluble vitamins
 Water soluble vitamins
 Rickets and osteomalacia
 Manifestations of rickets
 Treatment of rickets and osteomalacia
 Vitamin A and D deficiency
 What is aribofalvinosis? What kind of food
would you advice patients with
aribofavinosis to eat ? particularly about
the type of bread (brown bread or white)?
 What is the other name of vitamin B2?Its
sources and its deficiency?
 Scurvy
 Antioxidants
 Role of antioxidant supplements (none)
 Sources of iron
 Types of nutritional anemia
 Causes and management of iron deficiency
anemia
 The most common cause of anemia in
Egypt
 What is the most common malnutrition at
school age?
 Risk factors of osteoporosis 
 At what age should the bone density be
complete? 33 years
 What is DEXA?
ANSWER: DEXA=dual energy x ray
absorbability
Def:it is a technique to measure degree of
osteoporosity acc. To weight,hieght and x

3
NMT 12 COMMUNITY ORAL QUESTIONS

Epidemiology of non communicable
diseases
Smoking and tobacco use
General epidemiology of infectious
diseases
ray absorbability
 What is a goitrous area?
 What are the sources of iodine?
 Programs to overcome iodine deficiency
 Zinc
 Anthropometric measures
 Types of obesity
 Food balance sheet
 BMI
 Risk factors of hypertension
(Type A personality)
 Risk factors for CHD
 CHD diet
 Why is CHD increasing among females
 Risk factors of cancer
 Management and prevention of non
communicable diseases
 Causes of the increasing prevalence of non
communicable diseases
 Smoking hazards
 Smoking hazards during pregnancy
 Define epidemiology
 Definition and forms of infections
 Incubation period
 Define the carrier 
 What is a healthy carrier?
 The role of the carrier in disease
transmission
 Mention the diseases that have no carrier
 Types and examples of diseases with
carriers
 Why are typhoid and HBV the worst
carriers?
 Modes of disease transmission and
difference between endemic , epidemic
and pandemic
 Define the outbreak
 Endemic diseases in Egypt
 Diseases in which contacts are isolated
 Diseases transmitted by blood
 Chemoprophylaxis
 Seroprophylaxis
 Uses of seroprophylaxis

4
NMT 12 COMMUNITY ORAL QUESTIONS

 What vaccines can the mother take during

her pregnancy?
Answer
Salk and tetanus.
 Vaccines with high efficacy
 Vaccination schedule 
 Cross immunity
 Define surveillance
 Differences between elimination and
eradication
 Nosocomial infections
Droplet infections  Enumerate droplet diseases
 Causes of whooping cough
 Complications of whooping cough
 What shall you do if you diagnose a case of
meningitis in a school?
 Complications of streptococcal pharyngitis
 Chemoprophylaxis of streptococcal
pharyngitis 
 What is the most common infection of
school age children? 
 Mention the reservoir, mode of
transmission, specific preventive measures
and treatment of the following diseases:
Meningitis – TB
 Factors contributing to the eradication of
small pox
 Specific prevention of measles
 What do you know about: BCG – MMR
 How does the the measles vaccine look
like?
Answer
Powder and its solvent, both put on the
first shelf of the refrigerator
 How does the BCG vaccine look like?
Answer
A powder in a dark bottle and its solvent
 Why is the BCG vaccine put inside dark
bottles?
Answer
Affected by light
 What precautions should be taken during
BCG vaccination?

5
NMT 12
Food borne infections
Arthropod borne infections
Contact infections
6
COMMUNITY ORAL QUESTIONS
Answer
The arm should be maximally extended
and covered
 What are the values of doses in the
following vaccines?
BCG
 Prevention of influenza
 Enumerate food borne diseases 
 Enteric fevers
 Food poisoning
 What do you know about cholera?
 Specific prevention of cholera
 What are the differences between the
classical and El Tor biotypes?
 Mention the reservoir, mode of
transmission, specific preventive measures
and treatment of the following diseases:
HBV
 Tell all what you know about the specific
prevention of HBV
 Preventive measures before blood
transfusion
 Specific prevention of polio
 Compare between salk and sabin vaccines
 International measures against yellow
fever
 What do you know about yellow fever
vaccine?
 Why is yellow fever vaccine unable to
eradicate the disease though it is a potent
vaccine?
 Mention the reservoir, mode of
transmission and treatment of the
following diseases:
 Plague – Yellow fever
 Types of plague
 Prevention of plague
 Prevention of malaria
 Quarantinable diseases 
 Enumerate contact diseases 
 Preventive measures for contact infections
 Mention the reservoir, mode of
transmission, specific preventive measures
NMT 12 COMMUNITY ORAL QUESTIONS

and treatment of the following diseases:

Tetanus
 What are the values of doses in the
following vaccines?
Rabies
 Prevention and control of bilharziasis

7
NMT 12 COMMUNITY ORAL QUESTIONS
TOPICS OF PRIORITY IN THE ORAL EXAMS

Introduction  Definition of health

 Pattern of medical care
PHC  Definition
 Elements
Communication  Definition
 Types of communication (verbal-non
verbal)
 Doctor patient relationship
Reproductive health
Non communicable diseases  Risk factors of:
a-CHD
b-HTN
c-D.M
d-cancer
Nutrition  Deficiency of :
-Iron
-Iodine
 Assessment of obesity
 Rickets
 Osteoporosis
Occupational  Hazards of:
-Heat
-Pressure
-Noise
-Radiation
-Dust
Measurement of Health   Population Pyramid
 Population growth
 Any equation
General epidemiology  Carrier
 Incubation period
 Chemoprophylaxis
 Seroprophylaxis
 Maternal immunity
 Nosocomial infections
Environmental health  Hazards of water
Food
Waste
Medical statistics  Normal distribution curve