GRAMMAR / GRAMATICA TEORIA

BLOCK 3 AUXILIARY VERBS / VERBOS AUXILIARES

OBJECTIVES:
THE STUDENT KNOWS THE DIFFERENT FORMS TO EXPLAIN YOUR ACTIVITIES OR
ROUTINES, DEEPLY / EL ESTUDIANTE CONOCER LAS DIFERENTES FORMAS DE
EXPLICAR SUS RUTUINAS Y ACTIVIDADES A DETALLE
 
TOPICS OF THE WEEK

 Rules: third person singular

 Auxiliary verb: do/ does
 Negative sentences
 Interrogative sentences
 Leisure Activities
 Transport
 Places
 Prepositions of place
 Wh-Questions 1
 Frequency Adverbs
 Time Expressions

THIRD PERSON SINGULAR / TERCERA PERSONA DEL SINGULAR

There are three possible parties to a conversation: / EXISTEN TRES TIPOS DE SUJETO QUE
TOMAN PARTE EN UNA CONVERSACION:

1. The person speaking: FIRST PERSON / LA QUE HABLA

2. The person being spoken to: SECOND PERSON / LA QUE ESCUCHA
3. Some other person not in the conversation: THIRD PERSON / OTRA PERSONA EN
LA CONVERSACION

 
RULES: / REGLAS PLURALES EN TERCERA PERSONA
 
1. Add “s” to the base verb or the simple form of the verb. OR the verb ending in “e”

Example

take-takes make-makes

2. Add “ies” to verbs ending in consonant + y.

Example

study- studies body-bodies carry-carries

 3. Add “es” to verbs engind in “s”, “z”, “ch”, “sh”, “x.” hay que fijarnos en la
terminación

Example:

Brush- brushes box-boxes watch-watches dress-dresses

4. Irregular forms (no rules apply).

Example have    has

AUXILIARY VERB: DO/DOES / auxiliar “hacer” (HIECE, HIZO, HICIERON...)

Subject Auxiliary Verb

I Do

You (singular) Do

He Does

She Does

It Does

We Do

You (plural) Do

They Do
 NEGATIVE SENTENCES

To form negative sentences in the simple present tense, we use the auxiliary verb DO or
DOES, the word NOT (don’t or doesn’t) and the base form of the verb.

ESTRUCTURA

Subject  +  Auxiliary Verb  +   not   +  Verb   +   Complement

EXAMPLE: IMAGINA UN CUADRO IMAGINARIO PARA VER LOS EJEMPLOS Y LUEGO

PRATICALO

Subject Auxiliary Verb not Verb Complement

I DO NOT MAKE MY
HOMEWORK
HE DOES NOT CARRY THE BAG
THEY DO NOT RUN THE RACE
IT DO NOT FIX THE PROBLEM

EN LAS ORACIONES NEGATIVAS SI YA HAY UN AUXILIAR (DO DOES) EL VERBO PASA EN

SU FORMA BASE ES DECIR NO SE AGREGA NADA NI “S”

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES / ORAIONES INTERROGATIVAS

To form an interrogative sentence, we use the auxiliary verb (Do or Does), the subject and
verb in the base form.

ESTRUCTURA
Auxiliary verb   +   Subject   +   Verb  +   Complement  + ?

EXAMPLE: IMAGINA UN CUADRO IMAGINARIO PARA VER LOS EJEMPLOS Y LUEGO

PRATICALO

AUXILIAR SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT QUESTION

MARK
DO I MAKE MY HOMEWORK ?
DOES SHE EAT THE SOUP ?
DO WE RIDE ON MOUNTAIN ?
DOES IT FIX THE BLNDER ?
?
?

SI LA MARCA DE PREGUNTA NO ESTA AL FINAL LA ORACION ESTARA EQUIVOCADA

Y EN PREGUNTAS EL AUXILIAR SEMPRE IRA AL PRINCIPIO

LEISURE ACTIVITIES / ACTIVIDADES DE OCIO

The vocabulary that expresses some common activities that people do.
 
  
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

   
In general, we use:

 AT for a POINT. / AT SE UTILIZA PARA INDICAR HACIA UN LUGAR

 IN for an ENCLOSED SPACE / IN SE UTILIZA PARA UN LUGAR ESPECIFICO
 ON for a SURFACE / ON SE UTILIZA PAR INDICAR UNA SUPERFICIE

   
*Notice the use of the preposition of place at, in and on in these standard expressions:
   

Preposition Used to Describe Sequence of Activities / ESTAS PREPOSICIONESSE UTILIZAN

PARA DESCRIBIR UNA SECUENCIA DE ACTIVIADES
 
A preposition is a Word used to link parts of a sentence.
 
When talking in simple present, there are two prepositions used to establish the action that
occurred in time about an event: after and before.
 
For example:
 
6:00    I wake up.
6:15    I do exercise
6:45    I take a shower
7: 15    I have breakfast
 
To indicate the sequence of events, you may use these prepositions:

I wake up at 6 a.m. Before I take a shower on my bathtube, I do exercise in the gym, after I
have a breakfast in the kitchen bar.
 
 
WH- QUESTIONS 1

ESTRUCTURA

QUESTION WITH “WH” + AUXILIARY VERB +SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT + ?

EXAMPLES
 

FREQUENCY ADVERBS / ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA

 How to express time and frequency:
*Time expressions used in the simple present tense using prepositions.

USOS

 
*Frequency: Express the number of occasions one event occurs.

1. Express the number of occasions one event occurs. 

 One time a week= once a week

Example: Karen attends the astronomy club meeting once a week on Mondays.
 

 Two times a week = twice a week

Example: Karen goes to the theatre class twice a week.

 

 Three/ four / five times a week

Example: Karen takes guitar lessons three times a week: on Mondays, Wednesdays, and
Fridays.
 

 Every day (every month, every week, every year)

Example: Karen does her homework assignment and studies every day from Monday to
Friday.
 

 Every other day ( week, month, year)

Example: In my neighborhood, the garbage truck picks up the garbage every other day.
 
2. We use the simple present tense for a statement of regular activities or repeated action. A
frequency Word or expression tells how often we repeat this action.
 
3. The frequency words of affirmative statements are: always, usually or generally, often or
frequently, something or occasionally.
 
4. The frequency Word for negative statements are: seldom, rarely or hardly ever, never or
not ever.
 
5. Frequency words come after the verb be and before the main verb.
 
6. We use ever in a question when we want a frequency answer.
 
7. A how often question asks for frequency answers.
 
TIME EXPRESSIONS

PAST – AFTER- -QUARTER – HALF- -O´CLOCK

 
Example of telling time:

 10:00- ten o´clock – 10 EN PUNTO

 10:01-10:14- thirteen minutes after ten or thirteen minutes past ten -13
MINUTOS DESPUES DE LA 10
 10:15- A quarter after ten / a quarter past ten – UN CUARTO DESPUES DE LAS
10

 10:30- Half-past ten / ten thirty – MEDIA HORA ANTES DE LAS 10 O 10 Y

MEDIA
 10:45- A quarter to eleven- CUARTO PARA LAS ONCE
 10:46-10:59- thirteen minutes to eleven 13 MINUTOS PARA LAS 11

 Vocabulary