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jL/u~h /fhkq
v08 -@_ jL/u~h, c;f/ dlxgf @! ut] @)&% ;fn ;+Vof ;+Vof -४_
efu− !
jL/u~h dxfgu/kflnsf
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @@^ tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;+rfng P]g @)&$ sf] bkmf !)@ adf]lhd
jL/u+~h dxfgu/kflnsfsf] bf];|f] gu/ ;efn] agfPsf] tn n]lvP adf]lhdsf] P]g ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
hfgsf/Lsf] nfuL k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .
;+jt @)&% ;fnsf] P]g g+ – ४
kl/R5]b — !
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M
-!_ o; P]gsf] gfd jL/u+h dxfgu/kflnsfsf] kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg P]g @)&$ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g gu/;ef cWoIfaf6 k|df0fLs/0f eO :yflgo /fhkqdf k|sfzg x'gf;fy k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M
ljifo jf k|;Fun] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,
-s_ ædxfgu/kflnsfÆ eGgfn] jL/u+h dxfgu/kflnsf ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ ægu/ sfo{kflnsfÆ eGgfn] jL/u+h dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfo{kflnsf ;Demg' kb{5 .
-u_ æk|d'vÆeGGffn] jL/u+h dxfgu/kflnsfsf] gu/ k|d'vnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .
-3_ æk|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tÆ eGgfn] jL/u+h dxfgu/kflnsfsf] k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t ;Demg'
k5{ .
-8=_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] kmf]xf]/d}nf Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ æcf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgÆ eGgfn] s'g} pBf]u, Aoj;fo jf ;]jf ;~rfng ug{] p2]Zon] sfg'g
adf]lhd :yflkt s'g} sDkgL, pBf]u, kmd{ jf o:t} k|s[ltsf] lgsfo ;Demg' kb{5 .
-5_ æcf}Bf]lus kmf]xf]/d}nfÆ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgaf6 lgisf;g x'g] xflgsf/s tyf k|b'lift
kmf]xf]/d}nf ;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ æsG6]g/Æ eGgfn] kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu lglZrt :yfgdf /flvPsf] kmf]xf]/d}nf
y'kfg{] efF8f] jf jflN6g / o:t} k|sf/sf] cGo s'g} j:t' ;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ ælgisf;gÆ eGgfn] kmf]xf]/d}nf pTkfbg :ynaf6 dxfgu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf y'kfg{] jf
lgsfNg] sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-`_ æ;+sng s]Gb|Æ eGgfn] 3/ 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng u/L lgwf{l/t ;do;Dd /fVg jf
y'kfg{ dxfgu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] :yfg ;Demg' kb{5 / 3/3/df kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng ug{ cfpg]
dxfgu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sns jf kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng ug{] ;fwg ;d]tnfO{
hgfpF5 .
-6_ ækmf]xf]/d}nfÆ eGgfn] 3/]n' kmf]xf]/d}nf, cf}Bf]lus kmf]xf]/d}nf, /;folgs kmf]xf]/d}nf, :jf:Yo
;+:yfaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/d}nf jf xflgsf/s kmf]xf]/d}nf ;Demg' kb{5 / o; zAbn] k|of]udf
gcfpg] tyf kmflnPsf j:t', ;8] un]sf j:t' / jftfj/0fdf x|f; cfpg] u/L lgisf;g ul/Psf
j:t'x? nufot cgflws[t ;fj{hlgs :yndf 6fFl;Psf kf]i6/, kDNk]6 / dxfgu/kflnsfn]
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L kmf]xf]/d}nf egL tf]lslbPsf] cGo j:t' ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-7_ æk|zf]wgÆ eGgfn] kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] ?k jf u'0fdf kl/jt{g u/L cGo s'g} pko]fuL j:t' tof/ ug{],
dn, Uof;, phf{ jf cGo j:t' pTkfbg u/L kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{] k|lqmof ;Demg'kb{5 .
-8_ ækmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sngÆ eGgfn] kmf]xf]/d}nf pTkfbg :ynaf6 p7fpg], 3/ 3/af6 ;+sng ug{],
;fj{hlgs :yndf /x]sf] kmf]xf]/d}nf a9fg{], y'kfg{], emf/kft pv]Ng] tyf cgflws[t ?kdf
;fj{hlgs :yndf 6fFfl;Psf kf]i6/, kDkn]6 x6fO{ ;+sng ug{] sfo{nfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 .
-9_ ækmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg :ynÆ eGgfn] kmf]xf]/d}nf lj;h{g jf k|zf]wg ug{sf nflu
dxfgu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] :yn ;Demg'kb{5 .
-0f_ ælj;{hgÆ eGgfn] kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] clGtd lgisf;g tyf Joj:yfkg ;Demg'kb{5 .
-t_ æ;fd'bflos ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] gfkmf cfh{g gug{] p2]Zon] ;d'bfosf] lxtsf] nflu k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd :yflkt / ;xeflutfd"ns 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf tyf pkef]Qmf ;d"x, ;xsf/L ;+:yf jf
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf ;Demg'kb{5 .
-y_ ækmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng tyf 9'jfgL ;fwgÆ eGgfn] kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng tyf 9'jfgL ug{] k|of]hgsf
nflu k|of]u ul/g] ;fwg, pks/0f jf cf}hf/ ;Demg'kb{5 .
-b_ ætf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP
adf]lhd ;Demg'kb{5 .
kl/R5]b–@
kmf]xf]/d}nf pTkfbg, ;+sng, Go'lgs/0f tyf lgisf;g ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
#= kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkgdf dxfgu/kflnsfsf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L /xg] M
-!_ kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg :yn, k|zf]wg KnfG6, sDkf]i6 KnfG6,
jfof]Uof; KnfG6 nufot kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] ;+sng, clGtd lj;{hg tyf k|zf]wgsf nflu cfjZos
kg{] k"jf{wf/ tyf ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng ug{] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L dxfgu/kflnsfsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng s]Gb| jf s'g} :yfgdf kmflnPsf] jf /flvPsf] kmf]xf]/d}nf jf ;/;kmfO{sf]
l;nl;nfdf hDdf ePsf] kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] cfjZos k|aGw ug{] jf s'g} lsl;daf6 k|of]u ug{]
lhDd]jf/L dxfgu/kflnsfsf] x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg xflgsf/s kmf]xf]/d}nf, :jf:Yo ;+:yfhGo
kmf]xf]/d}nf jf cf}Bf]lus kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] k|zf]wg / Joj:yfkg ug{] bfloTj lgwf{l/t dfkb08sf]
clwgdf /xL To:tf] kmf]xf]/d}nf pTkfbg ug{] JolQm jf lgsfosf] x'g]5 .
-$_ s'g} pBf]u jf :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] xflgsf/s kmf]xf]/d}nf, :jf:Yo ;+:yfhGo kmf]xf]/d}nf, /;folgs
kmf]xf]/d}nf tyf cf}Bf]lus kmf]xf]/d}nf k|zf]wg u/L afFsL /x]sf] kmf]xf]/d}nf tyf cGo
kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkg ul/lbg dxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ cg'/f]w u/]df jf dxfgu/kflnsfn] lgdf{0f
u/]sf] kmf]xf]/d}nf :yn k|of]u ug{ dfu u/]df dxfgu/kflnsfn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] ;]jf
z'Ns lnO{ kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkg ul/lbg jf kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg :yn k|of]u ug{ lbg
;Sg]5 .
$= kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] pTkfbg sd ug{] M
-!_ s'g} AolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] s'g} sfd sf/f]jf/ ubf{ pTkfbg x'g] kmf]xf]/d}nf oyf;So sd ug'{
kg{]5 .
-@_ cfˆgf] If]qleq lj;h{g x'g ;Sg] kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] lj;h{g jf k'gM k|of]usf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ afFsL
kmf]xf]/d}nf dfq lgisf;g u/L kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ 36fpg' k|To]s AolQm, ;+:yf jf
lgsfosf] st{Ao x'g]5 .
%= kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] k[ysLs/0f M
-!_ dxfgu/kflnsfn] kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ h}ljs, ch}ljs / cGo k|sf/df ljefhg u/L ;|f]t 5'§fpg] u/L
tf]Sg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd dxfgu/kflnsfn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ ljleGg txdf 5'§fO{
;+sng s]Gb|;Dd k'¥ofpg] bfloTj To:tf] kmf]xf]/d}nf pTkfbg ug{] AolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfosf]
x'g]5 / o;sf] nflu dxfgu/kflnsfn] cfjZos k|ljlw, dfn;dfg, pks/0f, sG6]g/ cflb
pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
^= kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] lgisf;g M
-!_ kmf]xf]/ d}nf lg:sf;gsf] ;do, :yfg / tl/sf dxfgu/kflnsfn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ xflgsf/s kmf]xf]/d}nf jf /;folgs kmf]xf]/d}nf pTkfbg ug{] JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] To:tf]
kmf]xf]/d}nf tf]lsP adf]lhd Aoj:yfkg ug'{kg{]5 .
-#_ xflgsf/s kmf]xf]/d}nf jf /;folgs kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng s]Gb|df lgisf;g ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
&= ;+sng s]Gb| tf]Sg] M
-!_ dxfgu/kflnsfn] kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ Aojl:yt ?kdf ;+sng ug{ k|To]s 6f]n jf j:tLdf ;+sng
s]Gb| tf]sL cfjZos sG6]g/sf] Aoj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;+sng s]Gb| tf]Sbf ;s];Dd 6f]n jf a:tLsf ;a}nfO{ kfos kg{] u/L
jftfj/0fLo ?kn] pko'Qm :yfg tf]Sg'kg{]5 .
*= kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] 9'jfgL M
-!_ ;+sng s]Gb|df hDdf ePsf] kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ kmf]xf]/d}nf Aoj:yfkg :yn;Dd 9'jfgL ug{] bfloTj
dxfgu/kflnsf jf dxfgu/kflnsfn] Aoj:yf u/]sf] ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] x'g]5 .
-@_ kmf]xf]/d}nf 9'jfgL ubf{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9'jfgL ;fwg k|of]u ug'{kg{] 5 . o:tf] ;fwg tf]Sbf
tf}n, Ifdtf, tl/sf, ;8ssf] Ifdtf tyf jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|efj ;dt]nfO{ ljrf/ u/L
tf]Sg'kg{]5 .
-#_ kmf]xf]/d}nf 9'jfgL ubf{ dxfgu/kflnsfn] bkmf % adf]lhd ;|f]t 5'§fO{ lgisf;g tyf ;+sng
ul/Psf] kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] cnu–cnu 9'jfgL ug'{kg{]5 .
(= kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] Go'lgs/0f, k'gM k|of]u tyf k'gM rqmLo k|of]u M
dxfgu/kflnsfn] kmf]xf]/d}nf Go'lgs/0f, k'g M k|of]u tyf k'g M rqmLo k|of]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{
;dGjofTds Joj:yf ldnfpg] 5 / o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos lgb{]lzsf
agfO{ nfu' ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b – #
kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg :yn ;DaGwL Joj:yf