DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING SURVEYING

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UITM)
SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR

BULDING PHATOLOGY III

(BSR555)

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

CASESTUDY:
INSPECTION ON EXISTING CONDITION OF SMALL-SCALE SPACE AND PROPOSED
REFURBISHMENT WORKS AT AHMAD SHUKRI ENTERPRISE, PENGKALAN HULU,
PERAK.

Prepared for:
ENCIK MAHAYUDIN MAHMOOD
Prepared by:
NAME STUDENT ID.
FARAH NURSAFIKA BINTI FAZAIL 2019217944

Class:
AP2294A

Semester:
MARCH 2021-AUGUST 2021

Date of Submission:
WEEK 10
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would want to express my gratitude to Allah, the highest power,
for providing me with direction and support throughout my life, allowing me to complete this
assignment report without any major issues. Despite the fact that problems came with lessons
after lessons, I completed my work without further delay thanks to His direction. In the time
allotted, I was able to complete this individual project for subject BSR 555 Building
Pathology III for the assigned case study.
Next, I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Mahayudin Bin Mahmood, who
served as the lecturer for this subject and provided guidance as well as information about the
subject through consultation throughout the tutorial and lecture classes. I would not have
been able to complete this assignment without the assistance of my lecturer.
Thank you to Encik Shukri, the owner of Ahmad Shukri Enterprise, for cooperating
with me in allowing me to inspect the building and interview him. I will not be able to
complete this task without the knowledge from this case study. Finally, I'd like to express my
gratitude to my family and friends for their assistance in helping me achieve this BSR 555
individual project.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO CONTENT PAGE
Acknowledgement

List of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

List of Charts

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Selected Spaces / Area
2.0 Description of Property
3.0 Building Information
3.1 Location Plan
3.2 Site Plan
4.0 Limitation of Inspection
5.0 Method of Inspection

6.0 Building Condition Assesstment (BCA)

6.1 External/ Site Condition
6.2 Fabric and Component
6.3 Services
7.0 Defect Analysis
7.1 Analysis of Building Elements
7.2 Analysis by Type of Defect
7.3 Analysis by Category of Causes
8.0 Defect Sheet
9.0 Defect Indication Plan

10. Refurbishment Works

0
10.1 Introduction to Refurbishment Works
10.2 Objectives of Refurbishment Works
11. Plan
0
 Existing Floor Plan
Proposed Floor Plan
Existing
Proposed
12. Details of Refurbishment Works
0
13. Bill of Quantity for Refurbishment Works
0
14. Conclusion
0
References
 LIST OF FIGURES

NO. FIGURES PAGE

 LIST OF TABLES

NO TABLES PAGE
LIST OF CHART
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Figure 1.1 Front Elevation of Ahmad Shukri Enterprise.

This is a report of Building Condition Assessment for a unit of building which is

Printing & Stationary Shop’s. The case study is conduct only at the main area & store room
of the shop. This shop is located at Pengkalan Hulu, Perak Darul Ridzuan. The owner of this
shop is Hj. Ahmad Shukri. The inspection covered the accessible areas in the shop lot and
doesn’t include the washroom and “surau” which is inaccessible due to few limitations.
Building Assessment Rating System (BARIS) by Royal Institute of Surveyor Malaysia
(RISM) as referred in CPBS101 are used as a tool to rate the condition, priority and matrix of
defect and also for the overall building rating. This inspection was held on 15th of April 2021
and the inspection also carried out based on visual inspection of the general view of elements
of the building and structure. The term "non-destructive testing" or "non-destructive method"
has been used to utilised to assess the material, component, structure, and fault as a whole as
a result, defects discovered in the structure is documented.
1.1 SELECTED SPACE
 Figure 1.1.1 Main Space

Figure 1.1.2 Store Room

The building spaces that are included in this building are shown in Figures 1.1.1 and
1.1.2. This building has four areas, and the chosen space or area to restore is two only and
listed above.
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

NO. ITEMS DETAILS

1 Name Ahmad Shukri Enterprise

2 Type of building Commercial block at lower floor

3 Type of business Printing & Stationaries Shop

4 Owner of the building Haji Ahmad Shukri

5 Location of the building No.4 Bangunan Mara, Jalan Iskandar, 33100 Pengkalan
Hulu, Perak Darul Ridzuan

6 Year of built 2001

7 Operation hours 10.00am-7.00pm

8 Age of the building 20years

9 Existing Physical Good

Condition

3.0 BUILDING LOCATION & SITE PLAN

3.1 Location Plan

Figure 3.1.1 - Location plan of Ahmad Shukri Enterprise

Ahmad Shukri Enterprise is located at Pengkalan Hulu, Perak. It is located at Pekan

Keroh, Pengkalan Hulu.

3.2 Site Plan

Figure 3.2.1 - Site Plan of Ahmad Shukri Enterprise

Based on the site plan, Ahmad Shukri Enterprise can be founded at No.4 Bangunan
Mara, Jalan Iskandar, 33100 Pengkalan Hulu, Perak. This building surrounded with
Restaurant and Mobile Phone Service Shop. The building is also located in front the
main road and close to traffic lights.
4.0 LIMITATION OF INSPECTION

Limitation can be defined as a factor that restricts one's ability to do something, as

well as a space that is not accessible at any one time owing to privacy or other reasons.
There are public spaces that anyone may use and private spaces that only a few people can
use at the Ahmad Shukri Enterprise Building. By the owner's permission, the inspection was
limited to the public areas, which included the main area and the storage room. Private areas
such as the toilet and the roof and also one space has been classified as a limitation due of
heavy weight furniture that is difficult to remove during inspection.
5.0 METHOD OF INSPECTION

The inspection was limited to the accessible parts of such commercial building,
which included the main areas and the storeroom, except the toilet and "surau."Building
Assessment Rating System (BARIS) by Royal Institute of Surveyor Malaysia (RISM) as
referred in CPBS101 are used as a tool to rate the condition, priority and matrix of defect
and also for the overall building rating.

No Methods Description
.

1. Preliminaries survey • Identify the building's types, location, and

history.

2. Inspection for the • Visual evaluation of the condition of the

internal area
walls and floors to detect for any defects.

• Determine the types of flooring and wall

materials used in the building.

3. Inspection for the • Examine the exterior of the building for

external area.
any defects or damage.

4. Examine the roof • Describe the types of roofing and the

spaces
condition of the roofing, investigates the
access to the roof.

• Investigates the materials and method of

construction of the roof.

5. Record the findings • Collected all of the data and put in

checklist  form.

Table 5.1- Method of inspection

5.1 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR BUILDING INSPECTION

 Inspections tools are the actual tools and instruments inspectors use to collect data.

This data could be visual, thermal, or related to thickness measurements. The specific
type of data needed for an inspection will be determined by the inspection requirements,
which will in turn determine the types of inspection tools needed for the job

NO. EQUIPMENTS/TOOLS FUNCTIONS

1

• Used to measure the

area of space to create
the floor plan and
elevations.

• To measure distance,
width or

Figure 5.1.1 – Steel Tape length of elements.

• Photographic evidence of
a defect or element is
taken with this device.

Figure 5.1.2 – Handphone Camera

Table 5.1.1 - Tools and Equipment for Building Inspection
 6.0 BUILDING CONDITION ASSESTMENT

Building Condition Assessments are used to analyse the building's condition and
severe flaws, and BARIS is used to characterise the data (Building Assessment Rating
System). Priority assessment, condition assessment, and matrix must all be confirmed to
provide the overall building rating of the defects.

6.1 EXTERNAL / SITE CONDITION

The term "external / site condition" refers to the external components of the area that have
been assessed during the inspection process. Surrounding shops and parking lots are
examples of external elements in this case study. Both of these elements are in fine working
order and have no defects.

6.2 FABRIC & COMPONENT

The fabric and component for this building include the elements such as wall,  floor, and
door. The defects for fabric are recorded as below. 

6.1.1 Wall 
The wall for this shop building is using two types of element which is brickwall and
plywood. The defects that identified for this elements are peeling of paint (refer
defect sheet F03/07) and damaged and brittle plywood walls (refer defect sheet
F04/07).

6.1.2 Floor
The floor with cement render finishes has hole in the floor at the front of the counter
(refer defect sheet F01/07) recorded and patch on the floor in the counter area (refer
defect sheet F05/07). This finishes will be upgraded into the vinyl floor finishes.

6.3 SERVICES 
It defines the mechanical and electrical services provided by the structure. Due to only
one services that aren't functioning as it used to which is wall fan, the overall condition
of the mechanical services in this building can be classified as good, according to the
condition survey.
 7.0 DEFECT ANALYSIS

The findings in Ahmad Shukri Enterprise are analysed into a Schedule of Building
Condition, a pie chart of analysis by building elements, category of defects, and category
of causes based on the visual inspection and non-destructive testing. For the analysis,
Microsoft Excel is used for easier tabulation, precise calculation, and chart creation.

7.1 SCHEDULE OF BUILDING CONDITION

SCHEDULE OF BUILDING CONDITION

BARIS
DEFECT
NO ELEMENTAL/ DEFECT CONDITION PRIORITY MATRIX SHEET &
COMPONENT ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS DEFECT
INDICATION
CODE
1 Floor Hole in the floor at 2 2 4 F01/07
the front of the
counter.

2 Ceiling Broken ceiling 2 2 4 F02/07

3 Wall Peeling of paint 2 1 2 F03/07

4 Wall Finishes Damaged and 3 2 6 F04/07

brittle plywood
walls.
5 Floor Patch on the floor 3 2 6 F05/07
in the counter area

6 Wall Peeling of paint 2 2 4 F06/07

7 Wall Fan Old and 2 2 4 S07/07

malfunctioning
Total marks 30
Number of Defects 7
Total Score 4.29
Overall Space Rating GOOD
Table 7.1.1 – Schedule of Building Condition for RJ Star Saloon shop lot.
7.1 ANALYSIS OF BUILDING ELEMENT

ANALYSIS OF BUILDING ELEMENT

WALL CEILING FLOOR

MECHANICAL SERVICES

Figure 5.3.1 – Pie chart of Analysis of building element in Ahmad Shukri

Enterprise

Based on this pie chart, its shows the analysis of defect by element in the Ahmad
Shukri Shop which consist of wall, element ceiling, floor and mechanical services. Wall is
the highest because it is the most effected element which founded four defects at the
element due to the old building condition. The others elements shows same value and
defect founded that occurred which is one.
7.2 ANALYSIS BY CATEGORY OF DEFECT

ANALYSIS BY CATEGORY OF DEFECT

MULTIFUNCTING PEELING OF PAINT HOLE

DAMAGED BROKEN

Figure 7.2.1 – Pie chart of Analysis by category in Ahmad Shukri

Enterprise

Based on the pie charts, it shows types of defects recorded during the inspection at
Ahmad Shukri Enterprise. There are total of seven defects comprises of five have founded
at the buildings. The defects consist of multifunctioning, peeling of paint, hole, damages
and broken. Peeling of paint is the highest, while other defects also show a high value as
the building is already twenty years old. Repairing work should be done in the
refurbishment works to avoid the defects become worse in the future.
7.3 ANALYSIS BY CATEGORY OF CAUSES

ANALYSIS BY CATEGORY OF CAUSES

DESIGN MAINTENANCE HUMAN USAGE WORKMANSHIP

Figure 7.3.1 – Pie chart of Analysis by category in Ahmad Shukri

Enterprise

Based on this pie chart, its represent the analysis by category of causes that consist of
four categories which is design, maintenance, human usage and workmanship.
Maintenance is the highest category because this building appears to rarely make
improvements. Workmanship also founded the 2nd highest because the result of inaccurate
work and many shortcomings seem at the buildings. The others two categories shared the
same value.
8.0 DEFECT SHEET

Defect Sheet No. F01/07 Location Main Area

Element Floor
Component Floor Finishes
Photo/sketches:
Finding
Condition Priority Matrix Colour
2 2 4
Defect Description
- Hole in the floor at the front of the counter.
Prognosis:
- Will affect the workers and customer safety
because the hole is quite big.
Possible Causes:
- Poor workmandship
- Human usage
Remedies:
Category /
1. Clean the cracked
Design / area so the mortar
Figure 12.0: Maintenance bonds better.
Foresight View 2. Then, mix the repair
Construction
material mortar and scoop it
into the hole. Even it
Workmanship out and let it cure
for 24 hours.
Environment

Human-usage /

Insect

Disaster
Figure 12.1:
Close View
Table 8.1.1 – Defect sheet F01/07
Defect Sheet No. F02/07 Location Main Area
Element Ceiling
Photo/sketches: Component Ceiling tiles
Finding
Condition Priority Matrix Colour

2 2 4
Defect Description:
- Broken ceiling

Prognosis:
- Could be harmful to the occupant and
easily for animal access into the shop.
- Reduce the aesthetic value
Figure 1.0:
Possible Causes:
Foresight view - Poor workmanship

Remedies:
Category /
1. Replace the
Design temporarily placed
Maintenance / ceiling with a new
actually ceiling.
Construction 2. Apply new chalk
material paint to make it
look neater.
Workmanship /

Environment

Human-usage
Figure 1.1:
Insect
Close view

Table 8.1.2 – Defect sheet F02/07

Defect Sheet No. F03/07 Location Main Area
Element Wall
Photo/sketches: Component Wall Finishes
Finding
Condition Priority Matrix Colour

2 1 2
Defect Description:
- Peeling of paint because of move the socket

Prognosis:
- Reduce the aesthetic value

Possible Causes:
- Poor workmanship

Figure 1.0: Remedies:

Category / 1. Clean the area and
Foresight view coat with new paint.
Design /
Maintenance

Construction
material

Workmanship /

Environment

Human-usage

Insect

Figure 1.1:
Close view

Table 8.1.3 – Defect sheet F03/07

Defect Sheet No. F04/07 Location Main Area
Element Wall Finishes
Component Plywood
Photo/sketches: Finding
Condition Priority Matrix Colour

3 2 6
Defect Description:
- Damaged and brittle plywood walls.

Prognosis:
- Reduce the aesthetic value.

Possible Causes:
- Humidity Problems and long-term use.
Figure 1.0:
Remedies:
Foresight view Category /
1. Replace the plywood
Design board with a new
Maintenance / one.

Construction
material

Workmanship

Environment

Human-usage
Figure 1.1:
Insect
Close view

Table 8.1.4– Defect sheet F04/07

Defect Sheet No. F05/07 Location Main Area
Element Floor
Component Floor Finishes
Photo/sketches: Finding
Condition Priority Matrix Colour

3 2 6
Defect Description:
- Patch on the floor in the counter area

Prognosis:
- Reduce the aesthetic value

Possible Causes:
- Poor workmandship
Figure 1.0: - Due to poor design and cause
Foresight view
Remedies:
Category /
1. Fill the patching
Design / material properly.
Maintenance

Construction
material

Workmanship

Environment

Human-usage /
Figure 1.1:
Insect
Close view

Table 8.1.5 – Defect sheet F05/07

Defect Sheet No. F06/07 Location Store
Element Wall
Photo/sketches: Component Wall Finishes
Finding
Condition Priority Matrix Colour

2 2 4
Defect Description:
- Peeling of paint

Prognosis:
- Reduce the aesthetic value
Figure 1.0:
Foresight view Possible Causes:

Remedies:
Category /
1. Scrapethe old paint
Design by using scraper to
Maintenance / remove all the dirt
and uneven surface.
Construction
material 2.Start painting and
apply multiple
Figure 1.1: coats.
Workmanship /
Close view
Environment

Human-usage

Insect

Table 8.1.6– Defect sheet F06/07

Defect Sheet No. S07/07 Location Main Area
Element Mechanical Services
Photo/sketches: Component Wall Fan
Finding
Condition Priority Matrix Colour

2 2 4
Defect Description:
- The wall fan is old and cannot
function anymore.

Prognosis:
Figure 1.0: - The workers and customers will
feel uncomfortable due to hot
Foresight view weather.
Possible Causes:

- Did not service the fan

Remedies:
Category /
1. Replace the fan
Design with a new one.
Maintenance /

Construction
material
Figure 1.1:
Close view Workmanship

Environment

Human-usage

Insect

Table 8.1.7– Defect sheet S07/07

9.0 INDICATION PLAN

F
6

F S
4 7

F F
3 2

F
1 F
5

Figure 9.1.1 - A not to scale defect indication plan of Ahmad Shukri

Enterprise
10. REFURBISHMENT WORK
The act or process of cleaning, decorating, and providing new equipment or
amenities to anything is known as refurbishment. The importance of refurbishment is to
remodel a structure over time, addressing issues such as circulation and maximising the
possibilities of the site and building consent.
Ahmad Shukri Enterprise building has only minor flaws, according to the
preliminary survey and condition survey that was completed. Only fabric and service aspects
are defective, and corrective work should be done to ensure the shop's good condition.

10.1 PROPOSED REFURBISHMENT WORKS

Comparison for proposed refurbishment works
Existing Proposed

Figure 10.1 - Old Building Layout Figure 10.3 - New Building Layout
Perspective 1 Perspective 1

Figure 10.2 - Old Building Layout Figure 10.4 - New Building Layout
Perspective 2 Perspective 2
Table 10.1.1 – Slight comparison for proposed refurbishment works
11.0 DETAILS OF REFURBISHMENT WORK

i. Installation of Main Door

 Main door of the building that used overhead rolling door without
any addition door. The old should be replaced with double sliding
door as it can give more human comfort and adding aesthetic value.
 This new door can also provide comfort to employees and customers
to do buying and selling activities inside the building.

BEFORE AFTER

Figure 11.1 - Old door, overhead Figure 11.2 New door, double sliding
rolling door door
Table 11.1- Before and After installation of Main Door
ii. Installation of Floor Tiles
 Existing floor finishes was recorded with lots of hole that caused by
the expansion of plaster and load live pressure.
 This holes will getting worse if did not run any improvement works
and can cause injuries to employees and customers such as
tripping.
 The old floor finishes must be upgrade from cement screed to floor
vinyl.
 By upgrading this, the floor will look more beautiful and the price of
the material is very reasonable and low maintenance. The floor space
in the building will also look more exclusive
BEFORE AFTER

Figure 11.3 - Old Figure 11.4 - New floor

floor finished, finished,vinyl
cement render
Table 11.2 - Before and After of Floor Finishes
iii. Addition space & furniture
 After adjusting the arrangement, the space could have additional tiny
functions to support the property, such as the creation of a customer
waiting area.
 Customers will be more comfortable in this waiting area, and it
will also offer aesthetic value.
BEFORE AFTER

No picture before

Figure 11.6 - add waiting area and

place a sofa &
table

Figure 11.5 - Store room-no

proper space to
store items Figure 11.7 - add shelf to make the
store look more
arranged
Table 11.3 - Before and After Addition space & furniture
iv. Addition of partition
 The additional space provided a portable partition or room divider
that will provided customers with privacy.
 This room divider will provide convenience for storage if not to
be used.
BEFORE AFTER

No picture before

Figure 11.8 - New additional

space-waiting area
Table 11.4 - Before and After Addition of partition
v. Installation new ceiling
 A new ceiling replacement must be done because the ceiling is old
and there are many holes.
 New acoustical ceiling tiles is used as depending on their makeup,
they can help to lower the heating and cooling costs of the room in
which they are installed.
BEFORE AFTER

Figure 11.9 - Old ceiling Figure 11.10 -

New ceiling
12.0 BILL OF QUANTITIES OF REFURBISHMENT WORKS

ITEM DESCRIPTION OF WORKS UNIT QUANTITY RATE TOTAL

A Preliminaries Works
1. Conducting surveys and area
clearance or relocation of
goods on case study site for - - - -

refurbishment works.
B Demolition works
1. DOOR
To dismantle and
remove, making good affected
No. 1 RM60 RM60
area and clearing away debris
to designated area.
a) 4200mm x 4200mm
Overhead Rolling
Door.

2. FLOOR FINISHES
Cement render
To hack off and removed the
a)7000mm x
old cement render at selected 1800mm RM7.50 RM222.10
m 2
(main space)
area, making good  affected
area and clearing away  debris b)4598mm x
to designated area. 3700mm
(store room)
a) 7000mm x 1800mm
= 29.613
(main space) m2
b) 4598mm x 3700mm
(store room)
3. CEILING FINISHES No.
a)7000mm x RM30.00 RM30.00
Ceiling board 1800mm
To remove the 700mm x (main space)
1880mm old ceiling board , b)4598mm x
making good, affected area and 3700mm
(store room)
cleaning away debris to
designated area. = 29.613
m2
 a) 700mm x 1880mm
(main space)
b) 4598mm x 3700mm
(store room)
C New Works
1. DOOR
Installation of 1700mm
x 2000mm aluminium Lump - - RM8,944.00
sum
double sliding door with fixed
glass wall.

2. FLOOR FINISHES
a)7000mm x
Installation of vinyl floor tiles 1800mm
at selected space. (main space)
a) 7000mm x 1800mm m2 b) 4598mm x RM15.05 RM445.68
(main space) 3700mm
(store room)
b) 4598mm x 3700mm
(store room) = 29.613 m2

3. CEILING FINISHES
Installation of acoustical
ceiling tiles.
c) 7000mm x 1800mm Lump
sum - - RM3,500.00
(main space)
d) 4598mm x 3700mm
(store room)

4. PARTITION
2 RM1,731.00 RM3,462.00
 Installation of 2 rooms divider No.

TOTAL (RM) RM16,663.78

Table 12.1 - BQ for Refurbishment Works
13.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the space in the property quite small but the inspection not covered all
of the spaces in the building. The inspection consists of main area of the shop and store
room that used to put the stock. Defect that have been found in the building's and materials
need to be repaired or making an improvement so that it makes the condition in the shop
more attractive and tidy for the comfort of customers as well as employees. The refurbishing
work also includes the addition of new spaces and furniture with a partition and also replace
the old and defect materials.
Based on the result of the inspection on this building, total of seven defects found,
each with a different elements and causes. According to the Schedule of Building
Conditions (SOBC), which is based on the Building Assessment Rating System (BARIS),
the overall condition of this building is good and safe for customers and occupants. All of
these defects shall eventually need to be repaired in order to prevent the building's

performance from deteriorating. Most defects occurs due to maintenance infrequent

maintenance causing to get worse day by day.
Finally, this report includes a section on the refurbishment works in detail, as well as
a floor plan of the current and new layouts, as well as measurements of the space. The
upgrading works bill of quantities was prepared. The total cost of the improvement works in
the case study is RM16,663.78, which covers preliminary work, demolitions, and new
construction.
 REFERENCES

JKR. (2016). Jadual Kadar Kerja Kejuruteraan Awam dan Bangunan.

Shukri. A (2021, April 14). Refurbishment Works. (F. Nursafika, Interviewer)