Safety in the Laboratory

1.Study your lab assignment before you come to the lab. If youhave any questions, be sure to
ask your teacher for help.
2.Do not perform experiments without your teacher’s permission.
Never work alone in the laboratory.
3.Use the table on the inside front cover of this textbook tounderstand the safety symbols.
Read all CAUTION statements.
4.Safety goggles and a laboratory apron must be worn wheneveryou are in the lab. Gloves
should be worn whenever you usechemicals that cause irritations or can be absorbed through
theskin. Long hair must be tied back.
5.Do not wear contact lenses in the lab, even under goggles.Lenses can absorb vapors and are
difficult to remove in case ofan emergency.
6.Avoid wearing loose, draping clothing and dangling jewelry. Barefeet and sandals are not
permitted in the lab.
7.Eating, drinking, and chewing gum are not allowed in the lab.
8.Know where to find and how to use the fire extinguisher, safetyshower, fire blanket, and first-aid kit.
9.Report any accident, injury, incorrect procedure, or damagedequipment to your teacher.
10.If chemicals come in contact with your eyes or skin, flush the areaimmediately with
large quantities of water. Immediately informyour teacher of the nature of the spill.
11.Handle all chemicals carefully. Check the labels of all bottles Before removing the contents.
Read the label three times
:•Before you pick up the container
.• W h e n t h e c o n t a i n e r i s i n y o u r h a n d .
•When you put the bottle back.
12.Do not take reagent bottles to your work area unless instructedto do so. Use test tubes,
paper, or beakers to obtain yourchemicals. Take only small amounts. It is easier to get
morethan to dispose of excess.
13.Do not return unused chemicals to the stock bottle.
14.Do not insert droppers into reagent bottles. Pour a small amountof the chemical into
a beaker.
15. Never taste any chemicals.Never draw any chemicals into apipette with your mouth.
16.Keep combustible materials away from open flames.
17.Handle toxic and combustible gases only under the direction ofyour teacher. Use the fume
hood when such materials are present.
18.When heating a substance in a test tube, be careful not to pointthe mouth of the test tube at
another person or yourself. Neverlook down the mouth of a test tube.
19.Do not heat graduated cylinders, burettes, or pipettes with alaboratory burner.
20.Use caution and proper equipment when handling hot apparatusor glassware. Hot glass
looks the same as cool glass.
21.Dispose of broken glass, unused chemicals, and products ofreactions only as directed by
your teacher.
22.Know the correct procedure for preparing acid solutions. Always add the acid slowly to the water
.23.Keep the balance area clean. Never place chemicals directly on thepan of a balance.
24.After completing an experiment, clean and put away yourequipment. Clean your work area.
Make sure the gas and waterare turned off. Wash your hands with soap and water beforeyou
leave the lab.
Chapter 1 Review
2.
How does the ozone layer protect Earth?
3.
Why did scientists think that the thinning of the ozone layermight be related to CFCs?
4.
Contrast mass and weight.
5.
During a chemistry lab,a student noted the following dataabout an unknown chemical she was
studying:colorless,dissolves in water at room temperature,melts at 95°C,boils  at800°C.
Classify each piece of data as either qualitative data orquantitative data.
6.
Identify the dependent variable and the independent variable inthe following experiments.
a.
A student tests the ability of a given chemical to dissolve inwater at three different temperatures.
b.
A farmer compares how his crops grow with and withoutphosphorous fertilizers.
c.
An environmentalist tests the acidity of water samples at fivedifferent distances from a factory.
7.
Explain why hypotheses and theories are always tentativeexplanations.
8.
List two possible hypotheses about the relationship betweenozone and CFCs.
9.
Classify each kind of research as either pure or applied.
a.
A scientist studies plants in a rain forest in search ofchemicals that might be used to treat AIDS.
b.
A researcher studies the effects of hormones on the brain of a worm.
c.
A researcher tries to develop cleaner burning fuels to helpreduce air pollution.
10.
State two rules you should follow when handling chemicals.
11.
How should you dispose of the following items in the lab:broken glass,products of
chemical reactions,unusedchemicals