A. which B. where C. that D.

it thai: răng wherever: bất cứ nơi đâu

9. I received two job offers,_______ I accepted. who: người nào/ ai when: khi nào
A. which neither B. of which neither whoever: bất cứ người nào whenever: bất cứ khi nào
C. neither of which D. neither of that what: những gì how much/many/often..: bao nhiêu/
10. I have three brothers, _______ are professional athletes. whatever: bất cứ cái gì thường xuyên thế nào
A. two of whom B. two of them
where: ở đâu/ nơi dâu whether (or not)/if liệu...(có không)
C. two of who D. two of that
Từ nối phụ thuộc trong mệnh để trạng ngữ:
VIII. TỪ NÓI MỆNH ĐỀ, TỪ NỐI CÂU
Có ba loại từ nối chính:  Thời gian
- Từ nối phụ thuộc (subordinators) như while, because... được dùng trong câu phức when: khi after, sau khi
(complex sentences); while: trong khi until/ till: mãi đến khi
- Từ nối mệnh đề (coordinators) như and, but, or, so...; as soon as: ngay sau khi since: kể từ khi
- Từ nối câu (connectors) như however, therefore, besides.. .được dùng đế nối ý hai before: trước khi as: khi, trong khi
câu với nhau. ■ Nơi chốn
1. Từ nối phụ thuộc where: nơi
Từ nối phụ thuộc trong mệnh đề quan hệ: wherever: bất cứ nơi nào
 Đại từ quan hộ (relative pronouns): everywhere: tất cả mọi nơi
who: chỉ người (làm chủ ngữ)  Cách thức
whom: chỉ người (làm tân ngữ) as: giống như
whose + danh từ: chỉ sở hữu của người và vật  Lí do
that: chỉ người, vật (dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn) because/ as/since/ for: bởi vì
which: chỉ vật
 Kết quả
■ Trạng từ quan hệ:
so + tính tù-/ trạng từ + that: đến nỗi mà
when (= on/at... which): chỉ thời gian
such + a(n) + ngữ danh từ + that: đến nỗi mà
where (= at/ in... which): chỉ nơi chon
■ Mục đích
why (= for which): chỉ lí do
so thai/in order thai: vì thế
Từ nơi phụ thuộc trong câu điểu kiện:
■ Đối lập/ sự nhượng bộ
If: nếu
although/ even though/ though: mặc dù
even if: thậm chí
only if: chỉ khi
unless (= if.. .not): trừ khi, trừ phi
as long as; so long as: miễn là
provided/providing (that): miễn là
on condition (that): với điều kiện là
suppose/ supposing (that): giả sử như
imagine (if): tưởng tượng (nếu như)
Từ nối phụ thuộc trong mệnh đề danh ngữ:

125
 A. which B. where C. that D. it thai: răng wherever: bất cứ nơi đâu
9. I received two job offers,_______ I accepted. who: người nào/ ai when: khi nào
A. which neither B. of which neither whoever: bất cứ người nào whenever: bất cứ khi nào
C. neither of which D. neither of that what: những gì how much/many/often..: bao nhiêu/
10. I have three brothers, _______ are professional athletes. whatever: bất cứ cái gì thường xuyên thế nào
A. two of whom B. two of them
where: ở đâu/ nơi dâu whether (or not)/if liệu...(có không)
C. two of who D. two of that
Từ nối phụ thuộc trong mệnh để trạng ngữ:
VIII. TỪ NÓI MỆNH ĐỀ, TỪ NỐI CÂU
Có ba loại từ nối chính:  Thời gian
- Từ nối phụ thuộc (subordinators) như while, because... được dùng trong câu phức when: khi after, sau khi
(complex sentences); while: trong khi until/ till: mãi đến khi
- Từ nối mệnh đề (coordinators) như and, but, or, so...; as soon as: ngay sau khi since: kể từ khi
- Từ nối câu (connectors) như however, therefore, besides.. .được dùng đế nối ý hai before: trước khi as: khi, trong khi
câu với nhau. ■ Nơi chốn
1. Từ nối phụ thuộc where: nơi
Từ nối phụ thuộc trong mệnh đề quan hệ: wherever: bất cứ nơi nào
 Đại từ quan hộ (relative pronouns): everywhere: tất cả mọi nơi
who: chỉ người (làm chủ ngữ)  Cách thức
whom: chỉ người (làm tân ngữ) as: giống như
whose + danh từ: chỉ sở hữu của người và vật  Lí do
that: chỉ người, vật (dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn) because/ as/since/ for: bởi vì
which: chỉ vật
 Kết quả
■ Trạng từ quan hệ:
so + tính tù-/ trạng từ + that: đến nỗi mà
when (= on/at... which): chỉ thời gian
such + a(n) + ngữ danh từ + that: đến nỗi mà
where (= at/ in... which): chỉ nơi chon
■ Mục đích
why (= for which): chỉ lí do
so thai/in order thai: vì thế
Từ nơi phụ thuộc trong câu điểu kiện:
■ Đối lập/ sự nhượng bộ
If: nếu
although/ even though/ though: mặc dù
even if: thậm chí
only if: chỉ khi
unless (= if.. .not): trừ khi, trừ phi
as long as; so long as: miễn là
provided/providing (that): miễn là
on condition (that): với điều kiện là
suppose/ supposing (that): giả sử như
imagine (if): tưởng tượng (nếu như)
Từ nối phụ thuộc trong mệnh đề danh ngữ:

126
 7. John’s favourite show was on. He reach to turned on the TV ___________ he could
2. Từ nối mệnh đề, từ nối câu watch it.
Nghĩa Từ nối mệnh đề Từ nối câu A. because of B. therefore C. so that D. for
furthermore besides in addition 8. She bought the book _______ she had heard it was good.
moreover also A. due to B. due to the fact that C. so D. because of
cung cấp thêm thông tin and (và) (hơn nữa, thêm vào) 9 _______ I get angry and upset, I try to take ten deep breaths.
A. Until B. Whenever C. Therefore D. For
10 . _____ I heard the telephone ring, I didn't answer it.
however A. Because B. Only if C. Even though D. Provided that
nevertheless Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
in contrast 1. _______the post office was closed, I couldn’t mail my package.
cho ý kiến trái ngược but, yet (nhưng)
on the contrary A. Therefore B. Because C. However D. Since
on the other hand 2. _____ the secret of how to make silk remained inside Asia, Europeans were forced to
(tuy nhiên, dù sao, ngược lại) pay incredibly high sums of money for this mysterious material to be brought overland to
lí do, sự lựa chọn giữa hai for (vì, do đó) otherwise (nếu không, hoặc là) Europe.
khả năng or (else) (nếu không) A. Although B. Only if C. Due to D. As long as
consequence 3. My sister hates animals. She likes _______ cats dogs.
therefore A. both - and B. neither - nor
kết quả so (vì vậy) thus C. either - or D. not only - but also
accordingly as a result (do đó, 4. _______the parents the son have gone on holiday.
kết quả là) A. Both - and B. Neither - nor
C. Either - or D. Not only - but also
sự lựa chọn phủ định nor (cũng không)
5. ____ I was dead tired, I walked all the way home.
A. Despite B. Although C. In spite of D. Even

BÀI TẬP TỪ NỐI MỆNH ĐỀ, NỐI CÂU
6. Mr. Wilson hopes to avoid surgery. He will not agree to the operation _______ he is
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer tocomplete each of the following sentences.
convinced that it is absolutely necessary.
1. _______we got lost driving into the city, we were late for the meeting.
A. in the event that B. only if C. if D. unless
A. Since B. Because of C. Consequently D. For
7. Some English words have the same pronunciation ___________ they are spelled
2. During extremely hot weather, elephants require both mud and water to keep their
differently, for example, dear and deer.
skin cool _______ they have no sweat glands.
A. unless B. even though C. since D. only if
A. and B. so C. because of D. due to the fact that
8. Olives arc a principal source of cooking oil, but by no means the only source.
3. I couldn’t repair my bike, ______ 1 didn’t have the right tools.
_______olives, cooking oil can be extracted from coconuts, corn, and sunflower
A. so B. for C. because of D. therefore
seeds. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. In addition to
4. Two of the factories in our small town have closed. _____ , unemployment is high.
9. I couldn't use the pay phone, _______ I didn't have any coins with me.
A. Consequently B. Because C. So that D. Furthermore
A. yet B. despite C. for D. even though
5. _______ I had nothing for lunch but an apple, I ate dinner early.
10. I have to eat breakfast in the morning. _______, I get hungry before my lunch break.
A. For B. Since C. Due to D. Therefore
A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. However
6. Mr. Watson retired from his job early _____ his ill health.
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
A. because B. due to C. since D. for
1. I need to find an apartment before I can move. _______ 1 can find one in the next

127
 7. John’s favourite show was on. He reach to turned on the TV ___________ he could
2. Từ nối mệnh đề, từ nối câu watch it.
Nghĩa Từ nối mệnh đề Từ nối câu A. because of B. therefore C. so that D. for
furthermore besides in addition 8. She bought the book _______ she had heard it was good.
moreover also A. due to B. due to the fact that C. so D. because of
cung cấp thêm thông tin and (và) (hơn nữa, thêm vào) 9 _______ I get angry and upset, I try to take ten deep breaths.
A. Until B. Whenever C. Therefore D. For
10 . _____ I heard the telephone ring, I didn't answer it.
however A. Because B. Only if C. Even though D. Provided that
nevertheless Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
in contrast 1. _______the post office was closed, I couldn’t mail my package.
cho ý kiến trái ngược but, yet (nhưng)
on the contrary A. Therefore B. Because C. However D. Since
on the other hand 2. _____ the secret of how to make silk remained inside Asia, Europeans were forced to
(tuy nhiên, dù sao, ngược lại) pay incredibly high sums of money for this mysterious material to be brought overland to
lí do, sự lựa chọn giữa hai for (vì, do đó) otherwise (nếu không, hoặc là) Europe.
khả năng or (else) (nếu không) A. Although B. Only if C. Due to D. As long as
consequence 3. My sister hates animals. She likes _______ cats dogs.
therefore A. both - and B. neither - nor
kết quả so (vì vậy) thus C. either - or D. not only - but also
accordingly as a result (do đó, 4. _______the parents the son have gone on holiday.
kết quả là) A. Both - and B. Neither - nor
C. Either - or D. Not only - but also
sự lựa chọn phủ định nor (cũng không)
5. ____ I was dead tired, I walked all the way home.
A. Despite B. Although C. In spite of D. Even

BÀI TẬP TỪ NỐI MỆNH ĐỀ, NỐI CÂU
6. Mr. Wilson hopes to avoid surgery. He will not agree to the operation _______ he is
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer tocomplete each of the following sentences.
convinced that it is absolutely necessary.
1. _______we got lost driving into the city, we were late for the meeting.
A. in the event that B. only if C. if D. unless
A. Since B. Because of C. Consequently D. For
7. Some English words have the same pronunciation ___________ they are spelled
2. During extremely hot weather, elephants require both mud and water to keep their
differently, for example, dear and deer.
skin cool _______ they have no sweat glands.
A. unless B. even though C. since D. only if
A. and B. so C. because of D. due to the fact that
8. Olives arc a principal source of cooking oil, but by no means the only source.
3. I couldn’t repair my bike, ______ 1 didn’t have the right tools.
_______olives, cooking oil can be extracted from coconuts, corn, and sunflower
A. so B. for C. because of D. therefore
seeds. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. In addition to
4. Two of the factories in our small town have closed. _____ , unemployment is high.
9. I couldn't use the pay phone, _______ I didn't have any coins with me.
A. Consequently B. Because C. So that D. Furthermore
A. yet B. despite C. for D. even though
5. _______ I had nothing for lunch but an apple, I ate dinner early.
10. I have to eat breakfast in the morning. _______, I get hungry before my lunch break.
A. For B. Since C. Due to D. Therefore
A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. However
6. Mr. Watson retired from his job early _____ his ill health.
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
A. because B. due to C. since D. for
1. I need to find an apartment before I can move. _______ 1 can find one in the next

128
week or so, I will move to London the first of next month. 3. Minerals ____ nickel, copper, and zinc can be found in sea water.
A. Even if B. Due to C. Only if D. Provided that A. as samples B. such as C. in an example D. as
2. Tom is trying to reduce the amount of fat he eats. Red meat is high in fat. Tom eats 4. _______ the salary meets my expectations, I will accept the job offer.
a lot of fish but avoids red meat _______ its high fat content. A. Due to B. Even if C. Provided that D. Unless
A. in the event of B. besides C. in spite of D. because of 5. _______ excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous ballet company.
3. _______I want to take a train trip across western Canada, but my travelling A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. In addition to
companion wants to fly to Mexico City for our vacation. 6. It is still a good idea to know how to type. _______themany technologicaladvances
A. Although B. Even if C. Ø D. Nevertheless in typewriters and word processors, a skilled operator remains indispensable.
4. Ms. Moore, the school counselor, had years of experience dealing with student A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. in addition to
problems. _______ , she is sometimes confronted by a problem that she cannot handle by 7. Even though a duck may live onwater, it stays dry _______ the oil on itsfeathers.
herself. The oil prevents the water from soaking through the feathers and reaching its skin.
A. Therefore B. Nevertheless A. due to B. besides C. in spite of D. in the event of
C. Otherwise D. On the other hand 8. Chris cannot express himself clearly and correctly in writing. He will never advance in
5. Right now all the scats on that flight are taken, sir. _______ there is a cancellation, I his job _______ he improves his language skills.
will call you. A. otherwise B. if C. only if D. unless
A. In the event that B. Nevertheless 9. ______ there was no electricity, I was able to read because I had a candle.
C. But D. Even if A. Unless B. Even though C. Even D. Only if
6. A newborn baby can neither walk nor crawl. A newborn antelope, ________ , can run 10. A fire must have a readily available supply of oxygen. _____ , it will slop burning.
within minutes of birth. A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. However
A. however B. nevertheless C. otherwise D. even though Exercise 5: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
7. You must obey the speed limits on public roads. They are designed to keep you safe. 1. Jane is a very good student of languages. Her brother Michael, ________ , has never
You shouldn't exceed the speed limit _______ you are an experienced race car driver. been able to master another language.
A. only if B. even if C. if D. provided that A. therefore B. even though
8. My nose got sunburnt _______ I wore a hat with a wide brim to shade my face. C. whereas D. on the other hand
A. if B. since C. because D. even though 2. The ancient Aztec of Mexico had no technology for making tools from metal.
9. Do you like jazz? You should go to the jazz festival _______ you like that kind of _______ , they had sharp knives and spears made from a stone called obsidian.
music. A. Whereas B. Although
A. if B. unless C. although D. while C. Nevertheless D. Despite
10. Peter works hard at everything he does. His brother, _______ , seldom puts out much 3. Kimberly missed the meeting without a good reason ______ she had been told that
effort. it was critical that she be there.
A. on the other hand B. otherwise A. despite B. despite the fact that
C. furthermore D. consequently C. even D. however
Exercise 4: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 4. I usually enjoy attending productions in small community theaters. The play we
1. The festival has many attractions. It will include contemporary orchestral music attended last night, _______ was so bad that I wanted to leave after the first act.
and an opera. _______, there will be poetry readings and theatrical presentations. A. therefore B. however C. whereas D. even though
A. Otherwise B. Furthermore 5. Some snakes are poisonous, _____ others are harmless.
C. Nevertheless D. On the other hand A. but B. so C. for D. despite
2. The bread was oldand stale, _______ Mary ate it anyway. th
6. Most 15 century Europeans believed that the world was flat and that a ship could
A. and B. so C. besides D. but conceivably sail off the end of the earth. _________ , many sailors of the time refused
129
week or so, I will move to London the first of next month. 3. Minerals ____ nickel, copper, and zinc can be found in sea water.
A. Even if B. Due to C. Only if D. Provided that A. as samples B. such as C. in an example D. as
2. Tom is trying to reduce the amount of fat he eats. Red meat is high in fat. Tom eats 4. _______ the salary meets my expectations, I will accept the job offer.
a lot of fish but avoids red meat _______ its high fat content. A. Due to B. Even if C. Provided that D. Unless
A. in the event of B. besides C. in spite of D. because of 5. _______ excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous ballet company.
3. _______I want to take a train trip across western Canada, but my travelling A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. In addition to
companion wants to fly to Mexico City for our vacation. 6. It is still a good idea to know how to type. _______themany technologicaladvances
A. Although B. Even if C. Ø D. Nevertheless in typewriters and word processors, a skilled operator remains indispensable.
4. Ms. Moore, the school counselor, had years of experience dealing with student A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. in addition to
problems. _______ , she is sometimes confronted by a problem that she cannot handle by 7. Even though a duck may live onwater, it stays dry _______ the oil on itsfeathers.
herself. The oil prevents the water from soaking through the feathers and reaching its skin.
A. Therefore B. Nevertheless A. due to B. besides C. in spite of D. in the event of
C. Otherwise D. On the other hand 8. Chris cannot express himself clearly and correctly in writing. He will never advance in
5. Right now all the scats on that flight are taken, sir. _______ there is a cancellation, I his job _______ he improves his language skills.
will call you. A. otherwise B. if C. only if D. unless
A. In the event that B. Nevertheless 9. ______ there was no electricity, I was able to read because I had a candle.
C. But D. Even if A. Unless B. Even though C. Even D. Only if
6. A newborn baby can neither walk nor crawl. A newborn antelope, ________ , can run 10. A fire must have a readily available supply of oxygen. _____ , it will slop burning.
within minutes of birth. A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. However
A. however B. nevertheless C. otherwise D. even though Exercise 5: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
7. You must obey the speed limits on public roads. They are designed to keep you safe. 1. Jane is a very good student of languages. Her brother Michael, ________ , has never
You shouldn't exceed the speed limit _______ you are an experienced race car driver. been able to master another language.
A. only if B. even if C. if D. provided that A. therefore B. even though
8. My nose got sunburnt _______ I wore a hat with a wide brim to shade my face. C. whereas D. on the other hand
A. if B. since C. because D. even though 2. The ancient Aztec of Mexico had no technology for making tools from metal.
9. Do you like jazz? You should go to the jazz festival _______ you like that kind of _______ , they had sharp knives and spears made from a stone called obsidian.
music. A. Whereas B. Although
A. if B. unless C. although D. while C. Nevertheless D. Despite
10. Peter works hard at everything he does. His brother, _______ , seldom puts out much 3. Kimberly missed the meeting without a good reason ______ she had been told that
effort. it was critical that she be there.
A. on the other hand B. otherwise A. despite B. despite the fact that
C. furthermore D. consequently C. even D. however
Exercise 4: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 4. I usually enjoy attending productions in small community theaters. The play we
1. The festival has many attractions. It will include contemporary orchestral music attended last night, _______ was so bad that I wanted to leave after the first act.
and an opera. _______, there will be poetry readings and theatrical presentations. A. therefore B. however C. whereas D. even though
A. Otherwise B. Furthermore 5. Some snakes are poisonous, _____ others are harmless.
C. Nevertheless D. On the other hand A. but B. so C. for D. despite
2. The bread was oldand stale, _______ Mary ate it anyway. th
6. Most 15 century Europeans believed that the world was flat and that a ship could
A. and B. so C. besides D. but conceivably sail off the end of the earth. _________ , many sailors of the time refused
130
to venture forth with explorers into unknown waters. A. despite B. because C. although D. but
A. Due to the fact that B. Nevertheless 8. I got to class on time _______I had missed my bus.
C. Therefore D. Whereas A. even though B. nevertheless C. because D. despite
7. I studied English for seven years in high school. _______ , I had trouble talking with 9. Mike used to be an active person, but now he has to limit his activities ___________
people when I was travelling to England. problems with his health.
A. Therefore B. On the other hand A. nevertheless B. because of C. although D. in spite of
C. Moreover D. Nevertheless 10. It should be easy for Peter to find more time to spend with his children ________ he
8. Ancient Egyptians mummified their dead through the use of chemicals, __________ no longer has to work in the evenings and on weekends.
ancient Peruvians mummified their dead through natural processes by putting dead bodies A. even though B. now that C. due to D. but
in extremely dry desert caves. Exercise 7: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
A. whereas B. because 1. _____ Nancy is an honest person, I still wonder whether she’s telling the truth
C. even though D. whether or not about the incident.
9. Some people really enjoy swimming, _______ others are afraid of water. A. In spite of B. Since C. Though D. In the event that
A. while B. or C. despite D. in spite of 2. The professor told me that I was doing well, _______ my final grade was awful!
10. It was cold and wet. _______, Bob put on his swimming suit and went to the beach. A. so B. therefore C. in spite of D. yet
A. Therefore B. Despite C. Although D. Nevertheless 3. _______Daisy has a new car, she no longer takes the commuter train to work.
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. She drives to work every day.
1. Some people are tall, whereas others are _______ . A. Now that B. While C. Although D. In case
A. intelligent B. thin C. short D. large 4. You’d better give me your answer quickly, _______ I’ll withdraw the invitation.
2. A box is square, whereas_______. A. although B. nevertheless C. even though D. or else
A. a rectangle has four sides 5. I have to go to the meeting _______ I want to or not.
B. my village has a town square in the center A. provided that B. whether C. even if D. only if
C. we use envelopes for letters 6. What time do you expect Tom to be home? I must talk to him. I usually go to bed
D. a circle is round around ten, but tell him to call me tonight __________ it’s past midnight.
3. While some parts of the world get an abundance of rain, others . A. however B. in case C. even if D. as long as
A. are warm and humid B. are cold and wet 7. you’re going to the fruit market, would you please pick up a few apples for me?
C. get little or none D. get a lot A. Even if B. Although C. So D. As long as
4. In some nations coffee is the favourite beverage while . 8. I guess I’m a soft touch. I just lent Jane some money for lunch ______ she never
A. I like tea B. tea has caffeine paid me back my last loan.
C. in others it is tea D. tea has caffeine, too A. even though B. unless C. or else D. only if
5. Some people like cream and sugar in their coffee, while . 9. I think I did OK in my speech last night _____ I’d had almost no sleep for 24 hours.
A. others drink hot coffee B. others like it black A. even B. in spite of C. unless D. despite the fact that
C. milk is good in coffee, too D. sugar can cause cavities 10. I ask Mary
6. Jack is an interesting storyteller and conversationalist. His brother, on the other hand, to run the office while I’m away _______ I know I can depend on her.
A. is a newspaper reporter A. unless B. since C. although D. therefore
B. bores other people by talking about himself Exercise 8: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
C. has four children 1. The sky was grey and cloudy. _______ , we went to the beach.
D. knows a lot of stories, too A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. In spite of
7. I can’t ride my bicycle _______ there isn’t any air in one of the tires. 2. I turned on the fan _______ the room was hot.

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to venture forth with explorers into unknown waters. A. despite B. because C. although D. but
A. Due to the fact that B. Nevertheless 8. I got to class on time _______I had missed my bus.
C. Therefore D. Whereas A. even though B. nevertheless C. because D. despite
7. I studied English for seven years in high school. _______ , I had trouble talking with 9. Mike used to be an active person, but now he has to limit his activities ___________
people when I was travelling to England. problems with his health.
A. Therefore B. On the other hand A. nevertheless B. because of C. although D. in spite of
C. Moreover D. Nevertheless 10. It should be easy for Peter to find more time to spend with his children ________ he
8. Ancient Egyptians mummified their dead through the use of chemicals, __________ no longer has to work in the evenings and on weekends.
ancient Peruvians mummified their dead through natural processes by putting dead bodies A. even though B. now that C. due to D. but
in extremely dry desert caves. Exercise 7: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
A. whereas B. because 1. _____ Nancy is an honest person, I still wonder whether she’s telling the truth
C. even though D. whether or not about the incident.
9. Some people really enjoy swimming, _______ others are afraid of water. A. In spite of B. Since C. Though D. In the event that
A. while B. or C. despite D. in spite of 2. The professor told me that I was doing well, _______ my final grade was awful!
10. It was cold and wet. _______, Bob put on his swimming suit and went to the beach. A. so B. therefore C. in spite of D. yet
A. Therefore B. Despite C. Although D. Nevertheless 3. _______Daisy has a new car, she no longer takes the commuter train to work.
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. She drives to work every day.
1. Some people are tall, whereas others are _______ . A. Now that B. While C. Although D. In case
A. intelligent B. thin C. short D. large 4. You’d better give me your answer quickly, _______ I’ll withdraw the invitation.
2. A box is square, whereas_______. A. although B. nevertheless C. even though D. or else
A. a rectangle has four sides 5. I have to go to the meeting _______ I want to or not.
B. my village has a town square in the center A. provided that B. whether C. even if D. only if
C. we use envelopes for letters 6. What time do you expect Tom to be home? I must talk to him. I usually go to bed
D. a circle is round around ten, but tell him to call me tonight __________ it’s past midnight.
3. While some parts of the world get an abundance of rain, others . A. however B. in case C. even if D. as long as
A. are warm and humid B. are cold and wet 7. you’re going to the fruit market, would you please pick up a few apples for me?
C. get little or none D. get a lot A. Even if B. Although C. So D. As long as
4. In some nations coffee is the favourite beverage while . 8. I guess I’m a soft touch. I just lent Jane some money for lunch ______ she never
A. I like tea B. tea has caffeine paid me back my last loan.
C. in others it is tea D. tea has caffeine, too A. even though B. unless C. or else D. only if
5. Some people like cream and sugar in their coffee, while . 9. I think I did OK in my speech last night _____ I’d had almost no sleep for 24 hours.
A. others drink hot coffee B. others like it black A. even B. in spite of C. unless D. despite the fact that
C. milk is good in coffee, too D. sugar can cause cavities 10. I ask Mary
6. Jack is an interesting storyteller and conversationalist. His brother, on the other hand, to run the office while I’m away _______ I know I can depend on her.
A. is a newspaper reporter A. unless B. since C. although D. therefore
B. bores other people by talking about himself Exercise 8: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
C. has four children 1. The sky was grey and cloudy. _______ , we went to the beach.
D. knows a lot of stories, too A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. In spite of
7. I can’t ride my bicycle _______ there isn’t any air in one of the tires. 2. I turned on the fan _______ the room was hot.

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 A. due to B. despite C. even though D. because 5. My two children arc cooking dinner for the family for the first time tonight. _______
3. Sam and I will meet you at the restaurant tonight ______ we can find a babysitter. the food is terrible, I’m going to enjoy this meal very much. It will be fun to have
A. although B. unless C. otherwise D. only if them cook for me for a change.
4. Carol showed up for the meeting ____ I asked her not to be there. A. Only if B. If C. Even if D. Provided that
A. even though B. despite 6. Jack insisted that he didn’t need any help, _______ I helped him anyway.
C. provided that D. because A. and B. so C. besides D. but
5. _____________________________________________________ You must 7. Florida is famous for its tourist attractions. Its coastline offers excellent white sand
lend me the money for the trip. ________________ , I won't be able to go. beaches. _______ ,it has warm, sunny weather.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Otherwise D. Although A. Otherwise B. Furthermore
6. The road will remain safe _______ the flood washes out the bridge. C. Nevertheless D. On the other hand
A. as long as B. unless 8. The flowers will soon start to bloom _________ winter is gone and the weather is
C. providing that D. since beginning to get warmer.
7. The roles of men and women were not the same in ancient Greece. For example, men A. even if B. now that C. so D. even though
were both participants and spectators in the ancient Olympics. Women, _______ . were 9. Only if you promise to study hard _______ to tutor you.
forbidden to attend or participate. A. will I agree B. agree I C. I agree D. I will agree
A. nevertheless B. on the other hand 10. Camels have either one hump or two humps. The Arabian camel has one hump.
C. therefore D. otherwise The Bactrian camel, _________ , has two humps.
8. The windows were all left open. _________ , the room was a real mess after the A. nevertheless B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise
windstorm. Exercise 10: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
A. Nevertheless B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise 1. Steel _____ with chromium to produce a noncorrosive substance known as
9. _______ I can't make the presentation myself, I’ve asked my assistant to be stainless steel.
prepared to do it for me. A. is combined B. that is combined
A. For B. In the event that C. combining D. when combined
C. Only if D. On the other hand 2 _______ the 1930s and 1940s, F.D. Roosevelt was elected to the presidency four
10.It looks like they're going to succeed _______ their present difficulties. times.
A. despite B. because of C. even though D. yet A. Since during B. During
Exercise 9: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. C. Although during D. While during
1. I like to keep the windows open at night no matter how cold it gets. My wife, 3 _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United
_______ , prefers a warm bedroom with all windows tightly shut. States.
A. nevertheless B. consequently A. Founding B. Founded
C. on the other hand D. moreover C. It was founded D. Being founded
2. Some fish can survive only in salt water, ________ other species can live only in fresh 4. Johnny Carson, _______ late night TV programme is watched by millions of
water. insomniacs in the United States, has been on the air for over twenty years.
A. whereas B. unless C. if D. since A. whose B. who has a C. which is a D. however his
3. _______ Michael became famous, he has ignored his old friends. He shouldn’t do 5. _____ , Jenny Churchill, was born in the United States and married an Englishman.
like that. A. She was the mother of Winston Churchill
A. If B. Ever since C. Even though D. Due to B. The mother of Winston Churchill
4. We’re going to lose this game ________ the team doesn’t start playing better soon. C. Her son was Winston Churchill
A. if B. unless C. although D. whereas D. Winston Churchill was her son

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 A. due to B. despite C. even though D. because 5. My two children arc cooking dinner for the family for the first time tonight. _______
3. Sam and I will meet you at the restaurant tonight ______ we can find a babysitter. the food is terrible, I’m going to enjoy this meal very much. It will be fun to have
A. although B. unless C. otherwise D. only if them cook for me for a change.
4. Carol showed up for the meeting ____ I asked her not to be there. A. Only if B. If C. Even if D. Provided that
A. even though B. despite 6. Jack insisted that he didn’t need any help, _______ I helped him anyway.
C. provided that D. because A. and B. so C. besides D. but
5. _____________________________________________________ You must 7. Florida is famous for its tourist attractions. Its coastline offers excellent white sand
lend me the money for the trip. ________________ , I won't be able to go. beaches. _______ ,it has warm, sunny weather.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Otherwise D. Although A. Otherwise B. Furthermore
6. The road will remain safe _______ the flood washes out the bridge. C. Nevertheless D. On the other hand
A. as long as B. unless 8. The flowers will soon start to bloom _________ winter is gone and the weather is
C. providing that D. since beginning to get warmer.
7. The roles of men and women were not the same in ancient Greece. For example, men A. even if B. now that C. so D. even though
were both participants and spectators in the ancient Olympics. Women, _______ . were 9. Only if you promise to study hard _______ to tutor you.
forbidden to attend or participate. A. will I agree B. agree I C. I agree D. I will agree
A. nevertheless B. on the other hand 10. Camels have either one hump or two humps. The Arabian camel has one hump.
C. therefore D. otherwise The Bactrian camel, _________ , has two humps.
8. The windows were all left open. _________ , the room was a real mess after the A. nevertheless B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise
windstorm. Exercise 10: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
A. Nevertheless B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise 1. Steel _____ with chromium to produce a noncorrosive substance known as
9. _______ I can't make the presentation myself, I’ve asked my assistant to be stainless steel.
prepared to do it for me. A. is combined B. that is combined
A. For B. In the event that C. combining D. when combined
C. Only if D. On the other hand 2 _______ the 1930s and 1940s, F.D. Roosevelt was elected to the presidency four
10.It looks like they're going to succeed _______ their present difficulties. times.
A. despite B. because of C. even though D. yet A. Since during B. During
Exercise 9: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. C. Although during D. While during
1. I like to keep the windows open at night no matter how cold it gets. My wife, 3 _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United
_______ , prefers a warm bedroom with all windows tightly shut. States.
A. nevertheless B. consequently A. Founding B. Founded
C. on the other hand D. moreover C. It was founded D. Being founded
2. Some fish can survive only in salt water, ________ other species can live only in fresh 4. Johnny Carson, _______ late night TV programme is watched by millions of
water. insomniacs in the United States, has been on the air for over twenty years.
A. whereas B. unless C. if D. since A. whose B. who has a C. which is a D. however his
3. _______ Michael became famous, he has ignored his old friends. He shouldn’t do 5. _____ , Jenny Churchill, was born in the United States and married an Englishman.
like that. A. She was the mother of Winston Churchill
A. If B. Ever since C. Even though D. Due to B. The mother of Winston Churchill
4. We’re going to lose this game ________ the team doesn’t start playing better soon. C. Her son was Winston Churchill
A. if B. unless C. although D. whereas D. Winston Churchill was her son

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6. A tornado touched down today in Kansas, _________ destruction to cornfield and Mạo từ the có dạng như nhau đổi với danh từ đếm được hoặc không đếm được, danh
telephone lines. từ số ít và số nhiều: the boy, the boys, the milk, the money.
A. caused B. causing C. that caused B. it caused Chú ý: “the” được phát âm là /ði:/ khi dùng trước từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm hoặc
7. Until the 1950s, _______ were still used in some cities to deliver milk and vegetables. “h” câm.
A. horses and carts B. there were horses and carts the apple, the Internet, the honor, the hour
C. when horses and carts D. that horses and carts Cách dùng: Mạo từ “the” được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:
8. _____ percentage of working women in the United States has doubled since 1. Danh từ được xác định bởi một CỤM TỪ hoặc một MỆNH ĐỀ.
1940 has been the result of both economic and social factors. Ví dụ: The girl in blue...; ...the place where I met him.
A. The B. That the C. There is the D. It is the 2. Danh từ được xác định khi được đề cập đến LẦN THỨ HAI.
9. Laura is motivated to study ______ she knows that a good education can improve Ví dụ: Yesterday I met a nice girl. I had cm interesting folk with the girl.
her life. 3. Khi tân ngữ là duy nhất hoặc được xem là DUY NHẤT (unique).
A. therefore B. because of C. because D. so Ví dụ: the earth/ the sum/ the moon/ the sea/ the sky
10. Peter broke his leg in two places. _______ he had to wear a cast and use crutches 4. Dùng "the + tính từ + (động từ số nhiều)” đế chỉ một nhóm người có cùng một tính
for three months. chất nào đó.
A. However B. Consequently C. For that D. Because the rich/ the poor/ the young/ the old
the sick/ the dead/ the injured/ the homeless/ the unemployed
IX. MẠO TỪ & GIỚI TỪ Ví dụ: The sick need better medical care.
MẠO TỪ (Articles) 5. Dùng “the + quốc tịch + (động từ so nhiều)’' để chỉ một dân tộc.
A) Khái quát Ví dụ: The English are thought to be reserved.
A/an là mạo từ bất dịnh (indefinite articles), và the là mạo từ xác định (definite The Vietnamese are hospitable to foreign tourists.
article). Ta dùng the khi điều ta muốn nói đã rõ. 6. Dùng “the” trước một so địa danh sau:
B) Mạo từ a/an đại dương, biến, the Pacific (Ocean), the South China Sea, the Nile, the
Mạo từ a được dùng trước một từ bắt đầu bằng phụ âm hoặc một nguyên âm nhưng sông, kênh đào Suez Canal, the English Channel.
đọc bằng âm tiết là phụ âm. quần đảo the Hawaii Islands
a man/ a hai/ a university/ a European dãy núi the Alps, the Himalayas
Mạo từ an được dùng trước một từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm (a, e, i, o, u) hoặc các từ sa mạc the Sahara, the Gobi
bắt đầu bàng phụ âm h câm.
một vài khu vực the Middle East (Trung Đông), the Far East (vùng Viễn
an apple/ an island/ cm uncle/ cm egg/ an onion/ an hour
Đông)
Cách dùng:
7. KHÔNG dùng “the” trước một số địa danh sau:
1. Dùng “a/an” khi người nghe/người đọc không biết đích xác ta đang nói về người
châu lục Asia, Europe, America
nào hoặc cái gì.
quốc gia, bang England, Vietnam, California, Texas
Ví dụ: There was a car outside the gate.
đảo Cat Ba Island, Bermuda
I saw a man in the park.
thành phố, thị trấn Hanoi, London, New York
2. Dùng “a/an” khi nói về nghề nghiệp của một người nào đó.
ngọn núi Mount Everest, Mount Fuji
Ví dụ: My father is an engineer.
hồ Lake Michigan, Hoan Kiem Lake
3. Không dùng “a/an” trước danh từ không đếm được (uncountable noun) hoặc một
con đường Oxford Street, North Road
danh từ số nhiều.
Chú ý:
Ví dụ: a/an KHÔNG dùng với information/furniture... hoặc houses...
Ta dùng “the” với một số tên quốc gia như:
C) Mạo từ the

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