Page No.

ASsiqnmept No-2 Date

DEfenence
QLDi beiween Star Schena and Snoulflake Scherna
SHart Schema Snoullake Schema
In Star Schema The 1.While in_ Snouflake
Sact tables and _dimenSion Schema
The fact Hable),dimension
Hables are Cantained tables al wel o Sub
dimensian table) One
Conmained

9.Ha Scheng S a 2 (ube 16 a bodtom- up

Hap daun madel model

Stan Schema USe) Whle it uSe le Space

moTe Space

4 takO) less ime 4ahilet take) hare hme

Hor he execution thanStar Schema toY
quemie) he execukon ot quei1).

SIn_Staí Schema S twhle in bis Both

NormalizZahon 1S nomalizarlan and
ho+ uSed demormalizaHon_ Me
USed

G TH's desian 15 Veru GTHS desian 1S CompleA

Simple

7The quem Compemt 7 uhle the qugu Complex)

0f Stan Schema s ShaHlake Schem.a S
Higherhan Stan Stay
Schema.
 Page No.
Date

8Tl's undorslandna s tuhle HS undenStandinq Js

Yer Simple dSAicult

gThal le numbes g Whle t ha mare huber

o foeian keus- of oreian keus.

JoT ha biah dada lo While t halou dala

Yedundao redundacu

Explain olAP Architechtue

There are tbreeypes of onlneAnaluhcal

praClingq (oLAP arcblecene baed on hemelhad lo
which thu Stare muHdimenSonal daka p and pextaro
gnalya& aperalionS on tha- daiaSe
The caBeaome) oe mulHldimen Sonal olAP (PialAP
relational olLAP (R oLAP) and hubrid oIAP (HoLAP)

OLAP

ROLAP MoLAP HoLAP olherS

WoLAP
APDOLAP MolAP SoLAP

Tn MaLAP dalasels are lored and SummaMIzed ih_

multidmehSianal Cube The molAP anchHeckure Can
opertarm aslerban RoLAP and HolAP MolAP
Cubedelianed and buld oY apid data 1ehavNa
 Page No.
Date

oenhance
etficientSlicing and dicinq opencians
Caculakians Whch have been
r1olAP Can erlarm Complea
pe-qentnaled afler Cube CreaBion
1oLAP PrOceling 1s
and_are nok
qshicledto InLial Cube that Wa) Creaed
bound o any addihonalTeplicakon
o Cube
Tn RoLAPdala and
ag4neqalions ane Stored In
elatianal database table fo provide the OLAP slicing
SliCIng
among
and dicing uncionaliteRolAP ae lhe Slouest
heoLAP lavons. RolAPmelie on dada nanipurahnnq
drrectlyin the relaHlonal databaie to qive the
and
manHlestattan o Conyerntlonal alAP'Sslicing
dicinaHuncHonallk Basicollu each Slic1nq and
DiCing
didina clauSe in
acHoniS equivclent ta addihq aWHERE "
he Sql Staiement RoLAP Can manaqe. large amount
0 dataand RolAP do hat have anu mrtakoni Har
intrishuncianalts
data Size RolAP Can indluencehe
Peaimance
n a elatlonal databale RolAP_are Slow
becaue each RoLAP actHviks are essentallu a Sol
Quer OT mulple 5qguenie in dhe Telatianal
databaie he Quer dime and number o
SqL STaBerments
execuled mealunes bu H Complext y he
SoL Staemenis and Can be a balleneck t h e
undenlung dalaset Size ala iS larqe RolAP
generahdnta
2SSenhalls depend) on S01Statemens
quau he relaBiohal adatabale and
da not Cates al_
heed hich make RolAP Hechbal.oqu CoabVentionallq
lirnledbu What SQLunchionalndu Can 0Hen._
HolA£ Combne the tecbhalagle oAP and RolAP
Data ae Sred n RolAP relahana)dakhale table table
Ond aanneaahan) are SBoned In MoLAP Cube
HolAP Can dmlldoun rom muHdimenonal Cube
Into he undeluung relaHonal daktaie dala lo
 Page No.
Date

dcawre Summaty ype of InHormahan HolAP 1eVeTgg0

CUbe technoloqs07 aler pentarmaheWherea
Tetnive deta1l Jupe o Intormakon HalAP Can_dril|
doun-ham he cuhe Into the underluing elatonal
dada
Ih onlng Analucal Prculin.q (oLAP archilea
CmolAP, RolAP and HoLAP)he dalaleH aeSorel
Hna mulHidtmenSiana armat a it inVdve he
Creahonak mullid1menlion.al blocks Calld dala ubehes
he Cube in olAP achtteckue ma bava eg
axel (dmenSlong)oT more tach_aXIS (dimendiah
TeprelertS a lagaica Caleagnu dade one axig_
mauor eample Teprelent he aeooaphiCocakch
0 ihe daBa uühile atbers may fndcale a Sak a
oAe time or a Specihc Schaal. Each d he CakariOrie)_
Lan be broken dauln into Succestve lavels_and IS
possibleto dll p a7 daun belaern he levals_
 Page No.
Date
online Anallica ProcCMng (alAR) _pandihtana_ane
noimallySHTed
no7maly4
inan olAP Senven, wlh the Telakonal
AalabaJe-hequenly Stored on a Sepreale Semen from
lAP
olAp
ServenOLAP Senve must quen aCTOSS Hhehekugak
WheneverIt heeds to acess the relahonal table to
ncolyc
clolve C quenyne impack o quen qing aCTO5-he

hekwak dependend) ah t h epesomance characlenskes o

Ahenelkuak usel Even When he Telalional dadabau.e
15placed on he Same Sen/et a olAP Seveine
Prace Calls and the assoCIaled Conte Sulkchinq aMe
Canedto Telive Yelaional dalaWth a oLAP
equred

panhkonCalls o he relatonal daabale,Whethe

oCa Or oves the nekUorKdo nat OCCu dumng
quenqina4-

0 3)Explain Data mnin in details.

Ta The procel_ot xtracHng Inkatmatlon to ldendiky

patlernsrends and USeliuu daBa -thak Wauld alo
he
bLIne)0 take. The data -drien _deciSion rom_huae
sels of daBa 1A Called Dctta minIing
Tn olheg wlods Wle Can Sau that Data
mining 16 theprocelCel0 inveSHaalma hidden ha Hern_oL
inHarmaHm to Vanla) peNSpeCHVES_oY CCHeqoTizatnn_
asmbled
Into uuekul daBa which 1S Collected and
n pahCular aea5 Suuh a dada uanehouue,efhcLent
analssisddminingalaanHbm,helpina deuhon
making and Othen dala requurement_to venHuallu
Cost CuHoq and qeneraunq Ye Venu
DaBa_MiningIs the act ofautamahCally
Searchinao lantae StareS o In-fanmaBion_to nd
trends and patBens tbat qo beyond Simple anausis
 Page No.
Date

p1OCedur03. Data Minng utilize Complea maBhemakea

alqonhnS for data seqmels and evalualu he
prababliy of fuwune evensDala miningS alo
Ouled knawle.dqe DIscaers o Data
Dala mininq 1s a pToCes uSed bu o1qniZakan
to exhrcu 8peuuhc dada rom huqe dalabagj
umn5 Tau
oo Solve btuineproblems T imn1lu nn5 au
daa Into uselul infamalon

p e d Dala Mnina
O Relatoral Dadabak
A Rela-lonal dalabaje 1s a Colleahan d
mulHple dala Sel tomallyo1aanzed butablel, reamrd
and Columns om Which dala Can he aceaed
in Vamidu waswethaet having to Yecoqnze he
daddbae tables Table Conve and Shane inaTmalion
CUhich faclidale data SearchabilkurepamHna_Cind
Maaniakon

2Data larehouleh.
A_dalawanehaue ishe Hechnolaguha
CollecdadadafTom Vamat SoLamce ca thin be
openaHor to prolide
meaninalu bulung inlfah6
The huae amant ddata Comedaro mulltple
plaueSuuh a Maskekng and Inane The
Pxraue d dada 18 udlkized or analutcel ponpa
Sei
and belps in deasian makna ar abulinellL
Taanizaian he daatdane.haueS della nel4r he
analusiS a dada ahen-han ran Jahon
proc]ing
 Page No.
Date
Dada Repositontgs
The daa Repastlor
aenerallu TelensHo a
AeshnaHon ar dala SsAoraae Howeyes manuTT Prlelianala
Jilze he lerm more cleanly oyeien to 5pecikc Kind d
uHulizehe

Celpupu wHhn TTSrucuneHof eq a atoup d daBabaies

Sel

whene an oranizaianhal Kept Vanto upe o Inlammakan.

obiect-Relalional Dalabale
A Combinadion 0 an dbja-oiented dalabae
model and Yela-ional dalabale madel 15 Called an
ob ela-Bianal madel TE Suppais clalkl cbyeds-
Tahemtane _ete
one ot he primau ableclhveh aobiet-velakanal
daha made 1s i0cla[e heaap bekueen the Relakanal
databale and oblect onened model_bracdtre hequendls
utilizedin manu prOcammna J
dnauaae.S
J
_ea-
C 10Na and So on

TranSacHanal Databale
A dansacHonal dalakalo elensto a_dalahak
manaae men Susem (DRms) Hhat hal pciental o úndn-
adatabue hans.acion E L16 bet pendtamed apapiak lu-
Even hoNuah his Wa a unique apa b1lits_a Venoa
Lahila bauk todauy mast d dhe relakanal dala haie
SuskmSpporthakaichon dalabase achviky

44A Explain Acbite.clune O data mininq in detail.

Daka minnq enablehe wen do discaleNhepravinculu

unKnown and impalantndaamahn hismethodInvolvej_
arlaul Cornobe.nlsand he Callecton 0 Such ComponendHs
Cons.hkues dhe archdeckune g data minnq
 Page No.
Date

The main ComponemS of dala mininq 5usitm mo

Data Sounce
Data m1ninq Ehql.ne
Data klaehotule Server
Patlem valuaHon Module

ophical USer hlenfade

KnaLuledqe Boule
 Page No.
Date
. Data Sounce

Theman Sourceof data 1S he

dortabale, data wlonehaulue,
twarld wide web (lWWw,dent ile, and oihe
documenHSa SuCcesful minina proce heeds huqe
amountot data Thi6 15 Ahe eciel wau to lare
data in_dadabale be
daba tüarehalu
Data Wanehotue mou ConHain one d
Mare
SileSpmeadShetis o olhé 1epoSHantl ok daadadaboje
Also alhe
e
data on dhe tueb_Can also be the Source
or daBa mining
There ate Vanlou procelle1 dhaB are included in h dala
Warcholuehorchrtecu

2.Data mining Enqine -

The data mining enaine 1s a maiol Commnende anu

data mininqSuskn Condains6eYeralmadule for
operahnc daka miningtasks indude. associahon,
axadenizationcHtaHonCustem4, predicinHme
Senie) analugis et.c

l DaBe G
3, Dotabale 0Y dadaulavehoule SeaNex

The daBabale o1 dadeh Laanehaiule Sex ves ConsisLS Hhe

I.nal daBa that is ready to be proceled, Heneihe
Seve S Cauedor Yectn evinahe eleNant dala
ha baled on dala miDInq a ber e r Yequet

4: Pablenn Eyaluaddion moduJe

he Porttern_evaluahan module 6 he mealune

 Page No.
Date

hreahold val
invesiqhan ofhe patHern by uinga 1ndhald Nol,
Tt Collaboral wrb he dada oiningenaineo
ocu he decnch on exciding poulens
This Seqoent Commonlu emplous Stakeoealtne
Co.operade wth the_dala rmining modulelo
doacuu
&eanchtawardaHascinaHngpalernsor ethc A

ethcen
nining 15 abnatmalu Suagekd o pwh
dada mininq
data
he evaluabidna paten Stake aj mush Q
poSSiHe nto the mining proce.dune o Con Hne -
he
SeorchHo onlyaSCinaunq paHemd

5 Graph1cal USen Interkace-

he qroph.ca Used Intefane(GUD modkale_Lomn

mmuDICale
bekween Hhe dala mining Suslem andheLueThu
module help S the ueii to eauly_and etHaenH
uehe &sum urthoek Khoainq th Complexit
othe procel This acl al a medialalDekleen
he Luer and daa mnInQ udem

G knoLa ledae Bale

The knoLnledae Bale shelp-ulin heeal enHre

pIOel d dale minina + mabt be helpku to
qudehe dearch or eYaluale -theAtake dHhe_
relu paHenshekhouulledag balemay
even Contoun Wer VieuA and dale hom hen_
exper ience ha miaht he belptulIn he dale
mining proCO hedala mininqL enqine mau
Tec@Nenpa rom-he knouledae bak o make
the YP)u moYe2 aCcunale and elable
 Page No.
Date

Scope o Data mininq

The. Seopeo darta nH

DcHtamining de ivesHs hame from the
AimilantH1) belweenSeanchinq of Valuable buin
Simil
nformatiohin_a larqe dadabak dor. eaHndin inked
J
Produclsih aigabule Df Stare Scannet daBa and
mninga mouDtan or a Verm o Yaluable Ore
Both procelsel requre eher Shdkna_hrouah an
mmebse dmount of matema or ihtelliqenluprobinq
Hoind exacdly Wlhexe the Value ede
GVen databaje of Sutfclent Size and qualH, dala
IDinqtechholoqu Can qenenak hea buinen ppoatiniHe

bu pmoviding thele Capab1lhie

Automated pedicHin 0t Trendi and behaviaun5

Data mDing autamalei ihe pradi o inding

Predechve intoimaion in anqe dalabaies Que-honL that
tradtionally reqLuTed extensive
bands on analusis Can_
data.H_
holN be qulCklu ahSWlered dineclu daorn dhe
Hupicalxample aapedichveproblem 1S dangeed
magkethng Data minina wel dada oh pat promohanal_
mailinas lo ldendk dhe Haroe ma+ likels o
maximize 1ekun on nveskment in fukane mailinas-
Other predichve pxabkmsinclude 4 Harecaulhnaq bankruphe
and dthen darms detaut:_and denlitpng 5eament
a Dopulahan ikels do_YelpondAimilauls do qNen evenis

AHomaled disCoNlerLu af pre\iiotuls unKnown_pa Heans

ada mnIinq doals Su0cphiniahdalabael and

 Page No.
Date

Idenhfy prevlotwly hdden patems in an p An

exampleopaHen discavery 15 he analysisoL
relal Sale dada 4o ldephfs Seeminalu
J
untelakd
Podl-s hat ane_aflen_puTchale toaeHher 0tleD
paHem diScol@upioblen5 Inlude delecknq Yaudalent
Credi and Cand ianSacians and idenhlying-
n
dala enhu
anomalou dalahat Couuld represert dala_enhu
keyinq erraS
9 AdVataqe)_and DIsadvantage o daa:

Advadage af daha- mnina

hedaBa mnina dechnnaue enablelaraanizaHanl

ObHain knauledae-baed dala
at@ mining enable oraanzahcn o make luCaHhe_
modificahions In openailaD andpraducHo
Lompaxed wHh other SBazlalhcal dala applicaHcnl
daba minIng- 1 5 a Cost-eshicien-
(Dada minina helpshe decLion makin4 pmcel) d
gno1aanizahon
TE aclitaHe he aulamaled disCaeny ot huddena
pcaHerns a uell al he predictn_ odorendi and
behaioLAS
T+ Can be induced n he head Suslem @) ell aj_
the exisHng platlormns.
T t 1s a quuck prace-hak make H ealu
Ne ulns a analuze enaymoul amounua dala
n _ a ShoHme

DNSdvanaaqe) Dala mnnq

 Page No.
Date
There is a probabiliytha he oTqanizaHon)
tusefu data of cutomens o othe mauSel
mone AS poK h e Yepo
Canizahon) la
Arnesican Epre) ha Sold
Credtt Cand puncbaeof Aher
Cuhornens4o Dthe
OqanizaHot).
man dadamininaandlulics 5ofkUare is dificu
-lo openale dnd beed adYance auon4lo Work an
Dfenent dcda minIng InshumendsOpesale n dishnd
waus due lodidfenent ala1tthrns e inAherr deiqn
thenelore he Seleatorn Othe maht dala nning oolS
5 Yeu Challenama talk.
he dala minnqHechniquel ane hot precise o hat
mau leadHo &eye Consequen@i in Cemtcun
CondthS

0 nte cbamadeiSHcs E daBa minina

Data mininaa- Sesuce 16 an eal om ofintaima hon

aadenina melthodalau hene ID db1ch al he Televant
indaroaHon A0e) hrouab Aorne S + of NdenficaHon proceil--
And eventuallu a t h e end o ths ocenane
CaD dolenrnineall dbe chanaesshes o he dala minina-
procel

Threalea quantihel al-dala

In eanien daus dhe data mimna Susem Can

be delenmined uHb the help of hen_clrenls and
Cudoroens buL in Jadaus daBa one Can_aqune a n u
numberof informahon hou- he helo o hose cllents
moyeoler afler his kind o revaluim_in_he-
minin Suslem t alsa added one moe problem and
 Page No.
Date

tha 1Slange quandthe o£ uwaYkA

inianmalion_-iechnoloqu one
hWtb he help of his
0inioimaknUHboul

an_acqule a lange hurnben

exha burden Or Youble

2 Prohde incomplele_darta
[nhormalon
Mos ot dhe peaple pzoYd incomplele
Conduled_odh
ahotddhem selve in Same_of the Sule
he help of_dala mninq Suslems
heredorepeople anare he Value_ 1hez1
fhtor mallon and dhatiS Whu - theu provide inCamplelo
niormalion abouuthemSeve In hoSe JurleLS
Conducled dorhe beneiH h e minina SusiemS
MovenVentthele minina Suslems Chanqed he
en Speche o DeApNe and beCal o 0 hat Deople ea
the exchanae o dhen penSonal inarmakon_

3 Coroplicaled dada Shouckung

Dada mining 15 a iorm hemio Luhich_alhe

iniorrnaHon Gadhened and inCarparale.d rthhe
belp a narmahon CollecHon echniquelhee
inlormaHan ColleCHng techniques aremore oE manual
and Te+ aeLechnoloqica_
Thereare moS o hendenshand maand
dekrm1naHan Othele. minina Can be a beE_Complira kd-
han thet Shucure)
dniarmaHonechnoloau
wite Appli.catonsand heed adala minine
 Page No
Date

15 moslls
used by many o-ihe
Dola mining Secloy and
-echnolaqu Sechor anad
Iniarmalon
biq qaims In he e of -Hher oin
SmallIndushiebs makng
also Some popLula domains ane,
Lechhlques Same 0 he

manag@ment
Manket AnalsSLS and
manaagment
2 Corpatale AnalySIS and RisK
9-hauddekuhn

managemENA
, Maxket AnalusiA and

ae he Variouields o the
The ollouna mentloned
minInap1oce6 eechVel
manke hene he dala
used
oCultome Proflina
indinaCusiome Teauiremenis
CoS manke analuaIS
TJarae markeHna
Delenmne lkamer DUAChalina patern
Summaru inHarmatlon
Provde

2Copo1ak AnalL514 and RisK manaaement '=

oVamiourelds
hetolloWing mentioned are the Yic
mining poCOI| 15
he Corpoia e Seckor (hene-he dala
feckvoly_uhed

tInancePlanning
AssutEvalualtan
Rebaumce Plannin4
Compehdion
 Page No.
Date

3-naud Delechion
Tauds and 1S one of the most
malware
da ngerou hreals on the IternetT
danqerou 16 aimst
Kind of Crimethat IS increajina dau aZRr dy
The raud delechon proceul Can be manluRd
augh Cedt Cand Senvieand elecommunicakonu
alth the help 0f he Aenicel moS gt he
impordant informan e dunakan he Call, locakhun
locaion he Hme and duec Can be aCqcLIed
which helps in bla Hme