Nort hern Christia n College, Inc.

The Institution for Better Life

Nurture d in Chris t, Ce nte re d in Chris t,
Com mis s ione d in Chr is t

NCM 103
FUNDAMENTALS IN NURSING PRACTICE

“PERIOD OF NURSING APPRENTICE”

SUBMITTED BY:
AIZEIAH REIGNE U. LABRADOR
ARNOLD JANSSEN M. PASCUA
BOAZ M. DALIMOT
CARYLE ACE P. AGUSTIN
DEZAIRYLE MONIC R. TAJODLOY
LOVELYN TARUBAL
SHERYN CASIMIRO
YMNAS SHAREE L. APOLINARIO
BSN 1-A (GROUP 4)

SUBMITTED TO:
MRS. MELANIE I. CONTRERAS
INSTRUCTOR

February 16, 2023

THE PERIOD OF NURSING APPRENTICE

The period of “on the job” training.  Crusaders, inmates, and religious
organizations provided care. Without any official training, nurses provided treatment
under the direction of less experience allows. The Christian Church's religious orders
established this type of nursing.

The Crusades
They were Holy Wars waged in an attempt to recapture Holy Land from the Turks
who denied Christ’s pilgrims permission to visit Holy Sepulcher.

Military Religious Order and their Works

1. Knights of St. John of Jerusalem (Italian)

They were devoted to religious life, and their discipline was strict. It established
an organization of ranks that advocated principles of complete and unquestioned
devotion to duty and traditional obedience to superiors.
2. Teutonic Knights (German)
They established tent hospitals for the wounded
3. Knights of St. Lazarus
They were founded primarily for the nursing care of lepers in Jerusalem after the
Christians had conquered the city.

The Alexian Brothers were members of a monastic order founded in 1348. They
established the Alexian Brothers Hospital School of Nursing the largest School of
Nursing under religious order. It operated exclusively for men in the United States,
The school closed in 1969.

The Rise of Secular Orders

There was the rise of Religious Nursing Orders for women. Although Christianity
promoted equality to all men, women were still concentrated in their roles as wives
and mothers. Only by entering a convent that she could follow a career, obtain an
education and perform acts of charity that her faith taught would help her gain grace
in heaven. Queens, princesses and other ladies of royalty founded many religious
orders.

Religious taboos and social restrictions influenced nursing at the time of the
religious Nursing Orders. Hospitals were poorly ventilated and the beds were filthy.
There was overcrowding of patients: three or four patients regardless of diagnosis or
whether they are alive or dead, may have shared one bed. Practice of environmental
sanitation and asepsis were non-existent. Older nuns prayed with and took good
care of the sick; while the younger nuns washed soiled linens, usually in the rivers.

Secular Orders Founded during the Period of the Crusaders

1. Order of ST. Francis of Assisi (1200-present) - believed in devoting their lives to
poverty and service to the poor.

a. First Order – founded by St. Francis himself.

b. Second Order (Poor Clares) – founded by St. Clare of Assisi

c. Third Order (Tertiary Order) – composed of members who devoted their time to
the performance of acts of mercy in their communities; most provided nursing care in
homes and hospitals.

2. The Beguines – composed of lay nurses who devoted their lives to the service of
suffering humanity. It was founded in 1170 by a priest, Lamber Le Begue.
3. The Oblates (12th Century)
4. Benedictines
5. Ursulines
6. Augustinians

The world of nursing, despite wars and plagues, made considerable progress
under the influence of Christianity. It may be said that nursing owes its foundation to
the work of benevolent men and women, the crusades and the guilds. But this
progress in nursing was brought to a halt by the industrial and political revolution and
the Reformation in the 16th century. These left the world in the following situations:
1. The masses of people huddled in slums as a result of famine, wars, and the
introduction of machinery (industrial revolution).
2. Living in blighted slum areas, the people sank into the brutal and immoral
ways of life.
3. Ambition for power and the antagonism resulting from the attempts to achieve
this power replaced human empathy.
4. Class lines could be bypassed in some parts of the world, and people
struggled against one another for power, wealth and leisure.
5. Skepticism was the result of political, intellectual and ideological revolutions;
everything in life had to be based upon scientific fact. Nothing else was true.
The Dark Period of Nursing (17th-19th century)
This extends from the 17th to 19th century from the period of reformation until
the U.S. Civil War. The religious upheaval led by Martin Luther destroyed the unity of
the Christian faith. The wrath of Protestantism swept away from everything
connected with Roman Catholicism in schools, orphanages and hospitals. Properties
of hospitals and schools were confiscated. Nurses fled for their lives. In England,
hundreds of hospitals were closed. There were no provisions for the sick, no one to
care for the sick. Nursing became the work of the least desirable of women who took
bribes from patients, stole the patient’s food and who used alcohol as tranquilizers.
They worked seven days a week, slept in a cubbyhole near the hospital ward or
patient and ate scraps of food when they could find them.

Several Leaders Sought to Bring about Reforms

1. John Howard. A prison reformer, helped improved the living conditions in prisons
and gave prisoners renewed hope.

2. Mother Mary Aikenhand. Established the Irish Sisters of Charity to bring back
into nursing the dedication of the early Christian era.
3. Pastor Theodor Fliedner and Frederika Munster Fliedner established the
Institute for the Training of Deaconesses at Kaiserwerth, Germany (1836), the first
organized training school for nurses.
References:
Llego, M. A. (n.d.). Period of Apprentice Nursing. Scribd.

https://www.scribd.com/doc/23273282/Period-of-Apprentice-Nursing