HEAT-MODULE-3

OBJECTIVES
•CONVECTION
•APPLICATIONS OF CONVECTION
•RADIATION
•APPLICATIONS OF BLACK AND WHITE
SURFACES IN DAILY LIFE
 CONVECTION
•Convection is the process of heat
transfer by the actual movement of the
medium particles
•Liquids and Gases are heated mainly by
convection
•In convection ,the transfer of heat is
always vertically upwards.
 Transfer of heat ---vertically upwards.
The medium particles near the source of heat
after absorbing heat start moving faster,so
they become farther---the medium expands
As a result,the density of medium near the
source of heat becomes less,that is it becomes
lighter.
The less dense medium rises up and the denser
medium from above moves down to take its
place.

Thus, a current is set up in the medium which is called a convection current

 Applications of convection in daily life
1)Ventialtors and windows are provided in
rooms for proper ventilation.
• Warm air is less dense-so it rises up and
moves out through the ventilators
• Cold fresh air comes in the room
through the windows to take its place.

2)The room heaters and blowers are kept

on or near the floor of the room so that
the hot air may rise up to warm the
entire room.
 Sea breeze and Land breeze

During the day,the land becomes more warm At night,the land cools much faster
than the sea,so the air above the land being warm than sea.The air near the sea being
becomes less dense.It rises up and the cold air warm,is less dense so it rises up and
from the sea blows towards the land. cold air blows from land to sea.
 Radiation
Radiation is the process of heat transfer in which heat directly
passes from one body at high temperature to another body at
lower temperature without affecting the medium.
No medium is required for the transfer of heat by the process of
radiation
Experimentally it has been observed that
• The black and dull surfaces absorb more radiations and reflect
less radiations
• The white and shiny surfaces reflects more radiations and
absorb less radiations.
 Applications of black and white surfaces in daily life
1)We prefer to wear white clothes in summer.The
reason is that white clothes reflects most of the
sun’s heat and absorb very little of it,thus they
keep our body cool.
2)We prefer to wear black and dark coloured
clothes in winter.The reason is that black and or
dark colour clothes absorb most of the sun’s heat
and keep our body warm.
3)The bottom part of the cooking utensils or
pan is painted black.
The reason is that a black surface absorbs more
heat and so the contents of the utensils or pan
get cooked rapidly.