Types of Media

INTRODUCTION

An organized and thorough design brief can be quite satisfying for a graphic designer. The intended aim,
purpose, and the exact media that will be used for the design must all be understood before a design
project can begin. One of the difficulties you may have as a graphic designer is effectively demonstrating
how well you understand the objectives of the client.

WHAT IS MEDIA DESIGN?

The term "multimedia" describes the use of various media types in a single presentation or
communication, including text, audio, video, graphics, and animation. The process of developing a plan
or specification for the construction of an object or system is referred to as design, on the other hand.

The term multimedia and design are frequently combined to describe the production of digital material
that incorporates a range of media formats. In order to engage consumers and deliver information, this
may entail developing websites, video games, or other interactive experiences that incorporate text,
audio, video, and other aspects.

To develop successful and aesthetically pleasing multimedia material, designers in this sector may
employ a range of tools and approaches, including graphic design, user experience (UX) design, and user
interface (UI) design.

TYPES OF MEDIA

PRINT MEDIA

Print media includes the conventional forms of printed publications like books, magazines, and
newspapers. Text and images are printed on tangible materials like paper or card stock to create these
materials. Print media has been used for communication and information distribution for many years
and is still widely used today. It frequently serves as a source of news, advertising, and entertainment.

▪ Newspapers: Daily or weekly publications that contain news articles, editorials, and
advertisements.
▪ Magazines: Periodicals that cover a wide range of topics, such as news, entertainment,
fashion, technology, and hobbies.
▪ Books: Printed materials that contain a narrative, such as novels, non-fiction, and textbooks.
"According to Google's estimate of 129,864,880 titles in 2010, the number of books in
circulation has likely grown to around 156,264,880 by 2022.
▪ Brochures: Printed materials that are used for advertising or promoting products or
services.
▪ Catalogs: Printed materials that list products or services, often with pictures and prices.
▪ Posters: Printed materials that are used for advertising or decorating, such as movie posters
and concert posters.
▪ Flyers: Printed materials that are used to promote events or products, such as posters and
brochures.
▪ Direct Mail: Printed materials that are sent directly to potential customers, such as
postcards, letters, and flyers.
▪ Yellow Pages: Printed directories of businesses and services, typically listed by category.
 ▪ Maps: Printed materials that show geographical information, such as road maps and city
maps.

There are many more types of print media than those mentioned here. These are but a few examples.
The usage of print media has decreased recently as a result of the growth of digital media, but it still has
a position in some industries, including books, newspapers, magazines, and educational materials.

BROADCAST MEDIA

The term "broadcast media" describes the dissemination of audio and visual content to a dispersed
audience through mass media including radio, television, and film. These channels are often one-way,
which means that rather than enabling interactive dialogue between the audience and the source, the
content is delivered from a central source to several listeners or watchers. The use of broadcast media
for a variety of objectives, such as entertainment, education, news, and advertising, is crucial for swiftly
and effectively reaching a large audience.

▪ Telephone: Nowadays, telephones are only used for communicating with people far away.
Way back, telephone broadcasting is considered as the earliest form of electronic
broadcasting. This began with Theatre Phone systems or “Théâtrophone” that was made by
Clément Ader, a French inventor, in 1881. Theatre Phone allows people to listen to live
opera and theatre performance over the telephone.
▪ Radio Broadcast: Radio is a form of media that broadcasts music, talk shows, and news to a
sizable audience via radio waves. Radio is known for having a broad audience and is
frequently utilized for advertising. People who want to keep up with the weather, traffic,
and other critical information while they are on the go still use radio, which has long been a
popular form of entertainment.
▪ Television: Television has evolved over the years from having only a few channels to a vast
selection of channels that offer a wide range of content. Today, there are numerous TV
channels available, each with its own unique focus, such as news, movies, sports, or religion.
Television is the most popular form of broadcast media due to its ability to reach a large
audience.
▪ Direct Broadcast Satellite: Started commercially in 1974 and Satellite Radio started
commercially in 1990 provides a combination of television broadcasting and traditional
radio that has a dedicated satellite radio programming. Meant for direct-to-home program
broadcasting.
▪ Public Service Announcements: (PSA) are a form of broadcast media that are designed to
inform the public about important issues and to promote social welfare. PSAs are typically
created by government agencies, non-profit organizations, and other public service
organizations and are often aired on television and radio for free or at a reduced rate.

NEW MEDIA/ INTERNET

New media refers to forms of media that are interactive and can be distributed digitally, such as the
internet, social media platforms, and mobile apps. New media allows for the creation and exchange of
user-generated content and for more interactive forms of communication, such as live streaming and
video conferencing. It has transformed the way that people consume and share information, and has led
to the development of new forms of media, such as podcasts and blogs.
 ▪ Social Media: Websites and apps that allow users to create and share content, such as
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube.
▪ Online Video: Streaming platforms like Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, Disney+ and
others that allow users to watch movies and TV shows online.
▪ Podcasts: Audio programs that can be downloaded and listened to on a computer or mobile
device.
▪ Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality: Technologies that allow users to experience digital
environments in a way that feels real, such as video games, simulations, and 3D virtual
tours.
▪ Online Gaming: Multiplayer games played through the internet, such as World of Warcraft,
Fortnite, and League of Legends
▪ Blogs: Websites where individuals or groups post thoughts and opinions on various subjects,
often with the ability for visitors to leave comments.
▪ E-books: Electronic books that can be read on a computer or mobile device, such as Kindle,
Nook, and iBooks.
▪ Online Music Streaming Services: Services that allow users to listen to music online, such as
Spotify, Apple Music, and Tidal.
▪ Streaming Services for Live Events: Services that allow users to watch live events online,
such as Twitch and YouTube Live
▪ Mobile Apps: Software applications that are designed to run on smartphones and tablets,
such as Angry Birds, Uber, and WhatsApp

FACTORS FOR USING AND APPLYING GRAPHIC DESIGN IN MEDIA DESIGN:

These are all important factors to consider when designing a project or product.

▪ Appropriateness: Refers to whether the design is suitable for the intended audience and
purpose.
▪ Simplicity: Simplicity and precision both relate to the effectiveness of the design in
conveying the desired message.
▪ Color: Color structure and layout, and materials all contribute to the overall aesthetic of the
design.
▪ Communication: Communication with clients and audience is important to ensure that the
design meets their needs and expectations.
▪ Creativity: Design are essential for making the project stand out and capture attention.
▪ Relevance: Refers to how closely the design aligns with current trends and industry
standards.
▪ Quality: Is a measure of how well the design meets its intended purpose and is free from
defects or errors.

Take aways!

The ability to choose the media we want to use to stay informed, learn new things, and be entertained is
made possible by technological advancements. For instance, we can watch our favorite TV show on our
phone, listen to the radio while traveling to work, and access any information and news on our
smartphone or tablet device through the internet. It's exciting to think as to where technology may take
us in the coming years.

Branding and Product Packaging

INTRODUCTION

Brand Packaging is a tool that aids businesses in developing powerful branding strategies through
packaging design. By combining packaging and design, firms may stand out from the competition and be
perceived as a reflection of their target audience's lifestyle. Information on trends, news, and
innovations pertaining to consumer packaged goods is made available to brand owners, designers,
suppliers, and marketers through this resource. It helps businesses keep up with the most recent
advances in the industry and covers a variety of issues relating to packaging design and branding.

WHAT IS BRANDING?

Branding is the process of establishing a product or service in the consumer's mind a distinctive name
and image through advertising campaigns with a consistent concept. It is intended to raise the value of
the good or service and set it apart from alternatives. The overarching objective of branding is to foster
brand loyalty and positive attitudes, which will increase sales.

BRAND NAME

A brand name is a name or term that is used to identify a particular brand or product. The brand name is
often used in conjunction with a logo or other visual elements to create a brand identity that is easily
recognizable by consumers. A brand name can be a word, phrase, or symbol that is used to represent a
company or its products. Examples are: Apple, Google, Nike, Coca-Cola, Microsoft

BRAND MARK

A brand mark is a logo or other graphic component that is used to identify a firm or brand. It frequently
goes along with a brand name to form a full brand identity. An image, icon, or emblem that is instantly
identifiable and aids in differentiating a company from its rivals can serve as a brand mark. Some
examples of brand marks include the Nike swoosh, the Apple apple, and the Mercedes-Benz three-
pointed star.

Since brand markings are easily recalled and connected to favorable experiences and impressions of the
business, they can be effective instruments for fostering brand recognition and customer loyalty.

TRADE MARK

A trademark is a form of intellectual property intended to safeguard distinctive words, phrases, symbols,
or designs that are used to identify and distinguish a product or service apart from others. The use of
trademarks serves to safeguard a company's reputation and goodwill while discouraging competitors
from adopting marks that could lead to customer confusion. To gain legal protection and to make it
simpler to enforce the rights connected to the mark, trademarks can be registered with the government.
A trademark registration is typically valid for ten to twenty years before it expires and can then be
extended for further times.
Word marks (such as "Coca-Cola"), design marks (such as the Nike swoosh), and trade dress are a few
examples of the various sorts of trademarks (e.g., the distinctive red and white packaging of Coca-Cola).
A mark must be distinctive and not be confusingly similar to any other trademarks in order to qualify for
trademark protection. Trademarks are valuable assets in and of themselves and can play a significant
role in a brand's intellectual property portfolio.

BRAND ELEMENTS

To choose brand aspects that effectively express your brand identity and connect with your target
audience, you should take into account a number of factors. When choosing brand aspects, some typical
factors to take into account are as follows:

▪ Relevance: The components you pick must be appropriate for your brand and the products
and services you provide.
▪ Differentiation: Your brand's elements has to let you stand out from the competition.
▪ Consistency: Each aspect of your brand should complement the others and your overall
brand identity.
▪ Flexibility: The characteristics of your brand should be adaptable enough to be used in a
range of settings and across various media.
▪ Memorable: The contents of your brand should be appealing to consumers and simple for
them to recall.
▪ Timeless: The elements of your brand should be durable and should not easily go out of
style.
▪ Emotional Impact: Your brand's elements should evoke feelings in your target market and
contribute to the creation of an emotional bond with your identity.
▪ Cultural Fit: Your brand's elements should be suitable for both your target market and the
environment in which they function.
▪ Legal Considerations: You should make absolutely sure that none of your brand features
violate any existing copyrights or trademarks.

WHAT IS PACKAGING?

Product packaging refers to all aspects of a product's packaging, including the container it is sold in and
any additional packing or labeling. The major goals of product packaging are to present the product in an
appealing way to consumers and to safeguard the goods during handling, storage, and transportation.
Product packaging can assist in communicating the brand's image and values to customers, which is
another way it contributes to branding.

PACKAGE DESIGN COMPONENTS

There are several components that can be included in packaging design, including:

▪ The Package Itself: The actual container or wrapper for the goods is called the package. It
may be constructed from several materials, including cardboard, plastic, glass, or metal.
▪ Labeling: Labeling is anything written or drawn on a package, such as the name of the
company, the name of the item, a list of the ingredients, and usage guidelines.
▪ Graphics and Imagery: This category comprises any visual components needed to convey a
brand's and a product's benefits, such as logos, pictures, or illustrations.
 ▪ Color and Design: A brand's overall appearance and feel can be conveyed through the use
of color and design components, which can also serve to draw in and keep customers.
▪ Shape and Size: Should be taken into consideration during the design process as they might
have an impact on the package's overall appeal and usage.
▪ Materials and Sustainability: The packaging materials used for a product can affect its
environmental sustainability, and some businesses may opt to employ eco-friendly
materials to appeal to consumers who are concerned about the environment.

FUNCTION OF PACKAGING

Among the many crucial purposes that packaging fulfills are the following:

▪ Protecting the Product: Packaging aids in protecting the product from damage during
storage and transit. It can also aid in protecting the goods from outside influences like sand,
moisture, and tampering.
▪ Facilitating Handling and Use: Whether it is through the use of tamper-evident seals, easy-
open features, or clear instructions, packaging should be made in a way that makes it simple
for customers to handle and utilize the product.
▪ Providing Information: Informational packaging should contain all pertinent product details,
including ingredients, usage instructions, and any appropriate warnings or cautionary
notes.
▪ Promoting the Product: A product's packaging, which frequently serves as the first point of
contact between a customer and the product, can help draw in and keep customers. Good
packaging design can influence how consumers perceive the value of the product as well as
aid to express the brand's essential themes and values.
▪ Supporting Logistics: Packaging can be made to maximize space consumption during
storage and transit as well as distribution and handling of items.

STANDARD PACKAGE DESIGN SIZE

When we talk about packaging standard sizes, we're talking about the measurements that have been set
for different kinds of packaging, such boxes, bottles, and cans. These standard sizes are frequently based
on industry norms and are intended to increase the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of packing.
Standardizing sizing, for instance, enables packaging to be more accurately matched to the size of the
product it will hold, so reducing material waste.

Standard sizes can also make it simpler to carry and store goods because identically sized packages can
be stacked and stored more effectively. Additionally, uniform sizing can make it simpler for customers to
assess the volume and size of various products because they would be able to more readily compare the
packaging's measurements.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER REGARDING DESIGN

There are several factors to consider when designing packaging, including:

▪ Target Market: When creating packaging, it's critical to take the needs and tastes of the
market into account. This may involve elements like age, gender, financial level, and way of
life.
 ▪ Product Characteristics: The packaging should be designed to fit the product's size, shape,
and purpose.
▪ Brand Image: Packaging should be consistent with the overall brand identity and reflect the
brand's image and values.
▪ Competition: It is indeed crucial to take into account the packaging of identical products on
the market, since the design should set the product apart from the rivals.
▪ Production and Distribution: The design should take into account the logistics of the
manufacturing and distribution process, including any transportation and storage needs.

WHAT IS LABELLING?

Product labeling is the term used to describe the details that are printed on a product's package or label.
This information can consist of the name of the product, its components, how to use it, and any relevant
cautionary or warning remarks. Product labeling is a crucial component of product packaging because it
gives buyers crucial knowledge about the product and facilitates informed purchasing decisions. In order
to guarantee that the information presented is true and that it complies with particular criteria, a
number of government entities also oversee product labeling.

LABELLING COMPONENTS

Some of the components that may be included in product labeling are:

▪ Product Name: The product's name should be prominently and clearly stated on the
packaging.
▪ Ingredients: The packaging should provide a list of the ingredients used in the product,
either on the main label or on a separate information panel.
▪ Net Weight or Volume: The packaging for the product should clearly state the product's net
weight or volume.
▪ Usage Guidance: The packaging should contain any relevant usage guidance, such as how to
use the product or how to apply it.
▪ Warnings and Cautionary Notes: The product's packaging should make it abundantly
obvious whether it includes any potentially dangerous components or poses any hazards to
users.
▪ Date of Expiration: or "best by": If the product has a short shelf life, this information needs
to be on the container.
▪ Company Information: The manufacturer's or distributor's name and contact details must
to be printed on the box.
▪ Country of Origin: The packaging should include information about the nation in which the
product was manufactured or put together.
 ▪ SUMMARY TABLE
Branding Packaging
What is means?
Branding is creating a unique identification Packaging is about designing or designing a packet, wrapper, box where the product is
of a product placed and sold
Objectives
To differentiate a product from other
To safeguard the product from getting damaged
sellers product
Components
Name, colour, logo, sign, etc., Colour, description, logo, etc.,
Benefits
Creates trust and long term relationship
Attracts customers attention
with the customers
Target audience
Customers Customers
Policy
Pull customers to buy the product Pull customers to buy the product

Take aways!

The concept of a brand is all about giving a company or product a distinctive personality and setting it
apart from rivals. A brand is much more than simply a name or logo; it's the entire interaction a
customer has with a good or service. Given that a client sees a product's packaging first, packaging is a
crucial component of the branding process. The packaging can affect a customer's choice to buy by
contributing to the overall look and feel of a brand. A product's perceived value may be influenced by
the packaging design, which can also serve to increase brand loyalty and recognition.
Target Audience and Market Segment

INTRODUCTION

Businesses must identify and comprehend their target market segment and customer base in today's
competitive marketplace. Understanding the traits and demands of the target audience—the particular
set of individuals for whom a product or service is intended—can assist a firm in developing an effective
marketing strategy. According to variables like age, gender, economic level, and interests, the market is
segmented into smaller, more focused groups of consumers.

Businesses can better address the needs of particular customer groups and stand out in the market by
segmenting the market and then tailoring their products and marketing strategies to do so. Businesses
can improve their chances of success and expand their customer base in this way by identifying and
comprehending the target market group and audience.

WHAT IS TARGET AUDIENCE?

The specified set of people for whom a product or service is designed is referred to as the target
audience. Identifying and comprehending the traits and requirements of the target market is crucial
when creating a product or marketing strategy. A company that sells children's toys, for instance, will
probably have a different target market than one that offers high-end luxury vehicles.

A company can develop goods or marketing initiatives that appeal to and successfully reach the target
audience by having a thorough understanding of the demographics, interests, and demands of this
group.

WHAT IS MARKET SEGMENT?

The technique of splitting a market into smaller, more specialized groups of customers with comparable
demands or features is known as market segmentation. This enables a corporation to target particular
market segments with its products or marketing initiatives and better serve their requirements. Age,
gender, economic level, location, and interests are just a few of the variables that can be used to
segment the market.

An organization can build items that specifically cater to the needs of various consumer groups by
segmenting the market and developing customized marketing strategies. This can improve the
company's chances of success and help it stand out in the marketplace.

MARKET SEGMENT VARIABLES

There are several variables that can be used to segment a market:

▪ Demographic Variables: Demographic variables include characteristics such as age, gender,

income level, education level, and geographic location.
▪ Psychographic Variables: Psychographic variables refer to characteristics related to a
person's values, attitudes, and interests. These can include lifestyle, personality, and values.
▪ Behavioral Variables: Behavioral variables refer to how consumers behave or what they do.
These can include factors such as purchasing habits, usage rate, and loyalty.
 ▪ Geographic Variables: Geographic variables include characteristics related to a person's
location, such as region, country, or city.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN DETERMINING

THE TARGET AUDIENCE/ MARKET SECTOR FOR
SPECIFIC DESIGN

WHAT IS YOUR CLIENT'S COMPANY NAME?

It is important to provide your designers with the name of the client's company and an overview of the
client's business or organization. This information will help the designers understand the context and
purpose of the design work they are completing.

WHAT DOES THIER BUSINESS/ ORGANIZATION DO?

It is also important to let the designers know if the design is for a product or service that the client is
selling, as this will help them create designs that effectively support the client's business goals.

WHAT IS THEIR INDUSTRY SECTOR

When providing context for a design project, it is crucial to mention the industry in which the customer
operates. Healthcare and pharmaceuticals, airlines, the food and beverage industry, financial services,
household and consumer goods, government, industrial and manufacturing, retail, sports and
entertainment, technology and communications, telecommunications and mobility, tourism and
hospitality, restaurants, real estate and development, and beverages are a few examples of potential
industries that a client might be involved in.

Designers will be able to provide designs that are appropriate and successful for the client's particular
business and market with the aid of an understanding of the sector.

WHO IS THIER PRIMARY TARGET

When determining the target audience for a design project, it is important to consider factors such as
age, gender, income, occupation, and location. In addition to these demographic characteristics, it is
also helpful to consider the lifestyle and business needs of the target audience in order to create designs
that are relevant and effective.

It is important to ask whether the client is seeking to appeal to an existing target audience or if they are
trying to reach a new audience. This information will help guide the design process and ensure that the
final product effectively targets the desired audience.

Take aways!

In every organization, understanding your target market and market segment is crucial. It enables you to
customize your goods and services to fit the unique requirements and preferences of your clients,
potentially improving the odds of business success. You must conduct in-depth research on and
comprehend the features of a target market segment in order to effectively target that segment,
including elements like demographics, lifestyle, and business requirements.
This will enable you to develop marketing initiatives and goods that speak to and appeal to your target
market. Additionally, you may stay current and relevant in a market that is constantly evolving by
routinely reviewing and upgrading your knowledge of your target market and market sector.

Design Brief

INTRODUCTION

Visual elements like font, color, and images are used in the creative field of visual graphics design to
convey ideas and messages to a target audience. It is an essential component of brand identification and
significantly affects how the public views a business or organization. Visual graphics design serves to
convey information, tell a story, and interest the spectator whether it be through print materials, digital
media, or physical items.

Graphic design, branding, advertising, and user interface design are just a few of the many disciplines
that fall under the umbrella of visual graphics design, which is continually growing. A strong foundation
in aesthetics, technical proficiency, and strategic thinking are essential in this dynamic and diverse
sector.

WHAT IS DESIGN BRIEF?

A design brief is a document that outlines the objectives, requirements, and constraints of a design
project. It provides a clear and concise summary of what needs to be designed, for whom it is being
designed, and how it will be used. The design brief serves as a road map for the design process, helping
to ensure that the final design meets the needs of the client and the target audience.

It also helps to align the expectations of all stakeholders and helps to identify any potential issues or
challenges that may arise during the design process. A well-written design brief helps to guide the
design team and ensure that they are able to deliver a successful and effective solution.

WHAT TO INCLUDE IN A DESIGN BRIEF?

PROJECT OVERVIEW

A portion of a design brief called the project overview gives a broad overview of the design project. It
should provide a high-level summary of what will be produced together with an explanation of the
project's goals and parameters. Without going into excessive detail, the project overview should provide
enough details to give a clear idea of the project.

It should outline the project's primary aims and objectives as well as any restrictions or limitations that
must be taken into account. The target market and the intended purpose of the finished product should
both be described in the project overview.

To create the project overview section of the design brief, you can ask yourself or your client the
following questions:

• What is the main focus of the design project?

• What design issue are we trying to address?
• What specific assets will be produced as part of the project?
These questions will help you understand the scope and purpose of the project, as well as what will be
expected at its completion.

GOALS & OBJECTIVES OF THE NEW DESIGN

To clearly define the expected consequences of a design project, goals and objectives must be set during
the planning stage. Goals are the overall aim of the project, whereas objectives are specific, quantifiable
milestones that help in reaching them. If these elements are outlined in the project brief, the work will
be guided more successfully and the project will stay on track.

To help clarify the goals and objectives of a project, consider asking the following questions:

• What is the desired outcome of the project?

• Is this project focused on redesigning something that already exists, and if so, why?
• Is this the first time that this particular design problem is being addressed?

TARGET MARKET/ AUDIENCE

It's crucial to first comprehend your audience in order to answer their demands successfully. Making a
persona for your ideal client is one method for accomplishing this. Take into account their
psychographics, demographics, and the issues that your solution can help them with.

When creating your client persona, you should take into account the following issues:

▪ Who is the perfect client for you?

▪ What are their characteristics, routines, and objectives?
▪ When and how will your product be used by people?

BUDGET & SCHEDULE

It is essential to establish a budget and timeline for a design project in order to ensure that it stays on
track and meets all necessary deadlines. To do this, you will need to clarify any budget constraints and
any internal deadlines that the project must align with. It may also be helpful to identify key milestones
within the project. Clearly defining these limitations and expectations from the beginning will help
prevent conflicts and scope creep.

You can use the following questions to gather this information:

▪ What are the budget limitations for this project and how flexible are they?
▪ What internal deadlines must this project adhere to?
▪ What are the key milestones that will be reached during the project?

PROJECT DELIVERABLES

One of the primary goals of a design brief is to ensure that all stakeholders are aligned on the expected
deliverables for the project. Miscommunications about the project goals and deliverables can lead to
significant issues, so it is important to address any uncertainties or misunderstandings as early as
possible. To clarify the necessary deliverables, you can ask the following questions:

• What is expected to be received at the end of the project?

 • In what file format should the work be supplied?
• What are the necessary sizes and resolutions for the final deliverables?

Answering these questions will help ensure that everyone is on the same page about the project goals
and what will be produced at its completion.

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION

It may be necessary to include additional information in the design brief, depending on the specifics of
the project.

▪ This could include information about competitors, any creative constraints or guidelines,
and the approval process.
▪ You may need to identify the main competitors and outline any specific features or design
elements that should be avoided.
▪ It is also important to establish who will have the final say in approving or rejecting the work
at the end of the project.

Take aways!

A design brief, which describes the objectives, resources, and schedule for a design project, is a crucial
project planning tool. A thorough and well-written design brief can not only increase project success but
also efficiency and productivity by decreasing the amount of time spent on customer notions and
freeing up more time for additional paid design work. By making the most efficient use of the time spent
on paid idea fees, a well-written design brief can also contribute in boosting revenues.

Familiarity in Different Graphics Applications

INTRODUCTION

The term "graphics applications" refers to computer programs that enable users to generate and edit
visual information for a variety of uses, including print items, websites, and social media posts. These
tools give designers the ability to produce and change graphics, typography, and layouts, as well as add
color, texture, and other visual components. Because they offer a wide range of features and
capabilities that enable designers to rapidly and effectively create high-quality visual content, graphics
apps have evolved into a crucial tool for professionals in the design business.

WHAT IS GRAPHICS?

Visual representations of information, facts, or concepts are known as graphics. They are used to clearly
and concisely convey information to an audience and can take the shape of photographs, diagrams,
charts, maps, or other visual media. Depending on the intended usage and the techniques used to
construct them, they might be static or dynamic. Graphics can be a powerful tool for engaging and
grabbing the attention of an audience and are frequently used to communicate difficult information in a
way that is easier to understand.
GRAPHIC APPLICATIONS AND ITS BACKGROUND

Graphic design software is used to create and manipulate visual elements for a variety of purposes, such
as print materials, websites, and social media posts. As technology improved, a lot of graphic tools were
developed for making a graphic design. These are the graphic programs available in the market for
multimedia applications.

The most basic programs are those that come with operating systems (such as Microsoft Paint, which
comes with Windows 95 and Windows 98) and those that are included in authoring programs used to
create multimedia applications. These programs are relatively unsophisticated and, as a result, lack
many features found in high-end programs.
In computer graphics, graphics software or image editing software is a program or collection of
programs that enable a person to manipulate visual images on a computer.

Computer graphics can be divided into two categories: raster graphics and vector graphics. Raster
graphics are made up of pixels, while vector graphics are made up of lines and curves. Many graphic
design programs specialize in one type of graphics or the other, but some offer a combination of both. It
is relatively easy to convert raster graphics to vector graphics, but the reverse process is more complex.
Some software programs are designed to do this, however. In addition to static graphics, there are also
animation and video editing software that allow users to create dynamic visual content.

TYPES OF GRAPHIC SOFTWARES

There are several types of graphic design software available, including:

▪ Raster Graphics Editors: These programs are used to create and edit raster graphics, which
are made up of pixels.
Examples include Adobe Photoshop and GIMP.
▪ Vector Graphics Editors: These programs are used to create and edit vector graphics, which
are made up of lines and curves.
Examples include Adobe Illustrator and Inkscape.
▪ Page Layout Software: These programs are used to create print documents, such as
brochures, magazines, and books.
Examples include Adobe InDesign and QuarkXPress.
▪ 3D Modeling Software: These programs are used to create three-dimensional objects and
scenes.
Examples include Autodesk Maya and Blender.
▪ Animation Software: These programs are used to create animated graphics and videos.
Examples include Adobe After Effects and Toon Boom Harmony.
▪ Video Editing Software: These programs are used to edit and enhance video footage.
Examples include Adobe Premiere Pro and Avid Media Composer.

PRINCIPLE OF GRAPHIC DESIGN

There are several principles of graphic design that are commonly used to create effective and
aesthetically pleasing visual content:

▪ Balance: Balance refers to the distribution of visual elements in a design, such as the use of
whitespace, the size of objects, and the use of color.
 ▪ Contrast: Contrast refers to the use of differences in visual elements, such as size, color, and
texture, to draw attention and create emphasis.
▪ Hierarchy: Hierarchy refers to the arrangement of visual elements in a design to indicate
importance and create a clear visual flow.
▪ Alignment: Alignment refers to the arrangement of visual elements along common lines or
axes, creating a cohesive and organized design.
▪ Repetition: Repetition refers to the use of repeated elements, such as color, shape, or
pattern, to create unity and cohesiveness in a design.
▪ Proximity: Proximity refers to the arrangement of visual elements in close proximity to each
other, indicating a relationship between them.

Take aways!

Effective communication is a key factor in successful graphic design. It is just as important for designers
to be able to convey a message or idea through their work as it is to create visually appealing designs.
Originality and creativity are also essential in graphic design, as they allow designers to stand out and
effectively communicate their ideas. The field of graphic design is heavily reliant on technology, with
software tools and other technologies constantly evolving and improving. In order to stay competitive, it
is important for designers to stay up-to-date with the latest tools and technologies.

Relevant Intellectual Property Rights Provisions

INTRODUCTION

In this lesson, we will discuss the concept of intellectual property rights and the importance of
protecting these rights in the modern world. We will explore the various types of intellectual property
rights, the ways in which they are protected, and how they can be enforced.

WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS?

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are legal protections for human creations including inventions,
designs, and works of art. The creator or inventor of the work is granted these rights, enabling them to
manage how their creation is used and distributed. By giving artists protection and enabling them to
receive a just reward for their labors, IPRs are meant to promote innovation and creativity.

TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS?

PATENT

An innovation is granted an exclusive privilege known as a patent. Generally speaking, a patent gives the
owner the authority to decide if or how others may utilize an innovation. In return for this privilege, the
patent holder publishes technical details about the innovation in the patent document for public
consumption. The protection is granted for a limited period, generally twenty years from the filing date
of the application.

TRADEMARK
A trademark is a sign or symbol used to uniquely identify a product or service and distinguish it from
other companies' offerings. Trademarks have been used since ancient times, when artisans would mark
their products with a symbol or signature to indicate the maker. Trademarks are essential for
businesses, as they help to set them apart from the competition and protect their brand identity. The
term of trademark registration can vary but is usually ten years. It can be renewed indefinitely on
payment of additional fees.

TRADE SECRET

Trade secrets are intellectual property rights on private knowledge that can be licensed or sold. It is
considered an unfair activity and a breach of the trade secret protection when others obtain, utilize, or
disclose such secret information without authorization in a way that is inconsistent with honest
commercial practices. Trade secret protection is not limited in time. It may continue indefinitely as long
as the secret is not revealed to the public.

COPYRIGHT

Copyright is a type of legal protection that gives authors, musicians, painters, sculptors, filmmakers,
computer programmers, database administrators, advertisers, maps, and technical drawing artists the
sole right to their creations. Because of this unique right, authors can decide how their works are
shared, used, and distributed. The time limit should be equal to or longer than fifty years after the
creator’s death. Longer periods of protection may however be provided at the national level.
Source : WIPOLinks to an external site.

WHAT IS PHYSICAL PROPERTY RIGHTS?

Physical property rights are the privileges that people or organizations have to manage and profit from
particular tangible goods or resources. The ability to own, possess, use, transfer, or dispose of a specific
tangible asset is one example of these rights. Physical property rights are typically separated into two
groups: tangible and intangible. Real estate, vehicles, and boats are examples of tangible property,
whereas patents, intellectual property, and copyrights are examples of intangible property. Physical
property rights may also include the ability to restrict use of an asset or to forbid others from utilizing it.

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PHYSICAL PROPERTY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY


Physical Property Rights
(Tangable or Material)
Is property → the owner has exclusive right
to determine how it is used.
Can only be used by one or a limited number
of people at a given time.
Has economic value as long as it exists or as
long as there is demand for it.
Possibility of theft and disputes ownership is rather limited.
Theft occurs only if the possession of the property changes
hands.
Expenditure or income from the property may be subject to
taxation.
May be valued and reflected on account books and balance
sheet.
May be insured.
May be securitized and used as collateral for borrowing
money
Intellectual Property Rights
(Intangable or Immaterial)
Is property → the owner has exclusive right
to determine how it is used.
Can be used by various people at the same time (including
the owner or creator).
Has economic value only for the duration specified in the
laws and as long as there is demand for it.
Greater possiblity of thedt and disputes concerning
ownership.
Theft occurs if the property is copied, imitated, adapted,
translated, used, displayed, etc. without permission of the
owner or creator.
Expenditure or income from the property may be subject
to taxation.
May be valued and reflected on account books and
balance sheet.
May be insured.
May be securitized and used as collateral for borrowing
money

Take aways!

The main purpose of intellectual property rights (IPRs) is to encourage and protect the production,
distribution, and offering of new goods and services that are based on the development and use of
innovations, trademarks, designs, creative works, and other intangible assets.

Factors that Affect Visual Graphic Design

INTRODUCTION

Visual graphic design is essential to how designers convey information and communicate with others.
Whether it is through a logo, a website, or a poster, graphic design helps to transmit ideas and messages
in a clear and visually appealing way. Effective visual graphic design is not always easy to create, and a
variety of things might have an impact on the final output.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT VISUAL GRAPHIC DESIGN

There are many factors that can affect visual graphic design, including:
 ▪ Purpose of the Design: The purpose of the design will influence the choices that are made
in terms of layout, color, typography, and imagery.
▪ Target Audience: The target audience will also play a role in the design process, as different
audiences will respond to different design elements.
▪ Medium: The medium in which the design will be presented (e.g., print, web, mobile) can
affect the design process, as different media have different technical limitations and
requirements.
▪ Brand or Message: If the design is part of a larger branding effort, the brand's values and
messaging will need to be incorporated into the design.
▪ Design Trends: It is important for designers to be aware of current design trends, but it is
also important to strike a balance between being trendy and being timeless.
▪ Design Constraints: There may be specific constraints or requirements that the design must
adhere to, such as specific color palettes, layout sizes, or file formats and the budget.
▪ Designer's Personal Style: Each designer brings their own unique perspective and style to
their work, which can also affect the final design.

Take aways!

When producing a visual graphic design, it is crucial for designers to take into account all of these
elements because they might have an impact on the finished product's efficacy in attaining its intended
aims. Designers may produce designs that are visually appealing, effective in conveying their message,
and catered to the wants and tastes of their target audience by taking these variables into
consideration.