“The 4th Topic”

Research Design

Research design is the framework or guide used for planning, implementation, and
analysis of a study. Research designs are most often classified as either, quantitative and
qualitative.

Quantitative research designs primarily use deductive reasoning and generalization.

Deductive reasoning is the process n which the researcher begins with an established theory
or framework, where concepts have already been reduced into variables and then gather the
evidence to assess or test whether it is supported.

Quantitative research is most often about qualifying relationship between or among

variables, the independent or predictor variable, dependent or outcome variable.

Quantitative research designs are classified into two categories; Experimental and Non-
Experimental.

A. Experimental research is research conducted with a scientific approach using two

sets of variables. The first set acts as a constant which are used to measure the
differences of the second set.

You can conduct experimental research in the following situation;

 Time is vital factor in establishing a relationship between cause and effect.

 Invariable behavior between cause and effect.
 You wish to understand the important of the cause and effect.

There are three types of experimental research;

1. Pre-experimental research design

2. Tru experimental research design
3. Quasi- experimental research design

Those are the advantages of experimental research design;

a. The researchers have a strong hold over variables to obtain desire result.
b. The subject doesn’t impact the effectiveness of experimental research.
c. The results are specific.
d. You can apply your finding to similar ideas after analyzing the result.
e. You can identify the cause and effect of a hypothesis.
f. This research makes an ideal starting point.

B. Non-Experimental research is research that lack the manipulation of an independent

variable, random assignment of participants to conditions or orders of conditions, or
both.
The types of non-experimental research;
a. Single variable research
b. Correlational research and quasi-experimental research
c. Qualitative research