MATERI 1

PART OF SPEECH AND ITS IDENTIFICATION

Task 1
Find out the meaning of the following words.
guideline : vision :
representative : regulating :
s
justice : administering :
civilized : government :
deliberation : law :
prosperity : constitution :

Task 2
Read the following text. Then, answer its questions.

Pancasila

Pancasila is the basis and a guideline for the Indonesian in acting and behaving in
everyday life. According to the name, Pancasila consists of five moral principles, (1) believe in
the one supreme God, (2) justice and civilized humanity, (3) the unity of Indonesia, (4) the
democracy led by understanding wisdom among honorable representatives from the parliament
house, and (5) social justice for all of the Indonesian. Those moral principles are represented into
a symbol each.
The first moral principle, believe in the one supreme God, is symbolized with a luminous
star which means the nature of God who always guides humans. The second moral principle,
justice and civilized humanity, is symbolized with a gold chain that represents a strong bond
between men and women as an element of the next generation. The third moral principle, the
unity of Indonesia, is symbolized with a banyan tree which means a shelter of the Indonesian
consisting of various ethnic groups and cultures. The next Indonesian’s moral principle is the
democracy led by understanding wisdom among honorable representatives from the parliament
house which is symbolized with a bull’s head. This symbol represents a meaning that
Indonesians like to gather and find a way out together in deliberation. The last moral principle of
Indonesian, social justice for all of the Indonesian, is symbolized with rice and cotton which
mean food and clothing as basic human needs to achieve prosperity.
In everyday life, Pancasila is positioned as the basis of a State, the vision and goal of the
nation, and a characteristic of Indonesians. As the basis of a State, Pancasila is functioned as
foundation for regulating and administering the state government based on law. Pancasila is the
main source of law in Indonesia and each regulation must also be based on Pancasila. As the
vision and goal of the nation, Pancasila is a view of life purposed as a guideline for realizing the
vision and goal of the nation. The vision and goal of the nation are listed in the fourth paragraph
of Republic of Indonesia Constitution 1945 to achieve justice and prosperity for all Indonesian.
Then, Pancasila as a characteristic of Indonesian is functioned as a national identity that reflects
the attitude and personality of Indonesians. Pancasila is a distinctive feature of Indonesian that
no other nation has.
Questions
1. What is Pancasila?
2. How many moral values are mentioned in Pancasila?
3. What are the symbols of Pancasila’s moral values?
4. What does Pancasila functioned as the basis of a state mean?
5. What does Pancasila functioned as the vision and goal of a nation mean?
6. Why is Pancasila found as a characteristic of Indonesian?

LINGUISTIC ELEMENTS FOCUS

A. Parts of Speech and The Function
Berdasarkan fungsinya, kata-kata dapat dikelompokkan menjadi beberapa jenis. Berikut
adalah jenis kata yang penting untuk dipelajari dan dipahami.
1. Kata Benda (Noun)
Noun berarti kata benda. Noun merupakan nama dari suatu benda karena segala hal yang
ada pasti memiliki nama/sebutan, baik hal yang bisa dilihat maupun yang tidak terlihat.
Noun berfungsi untuk menyebut nama benda. Contoh: table, volcano, air, a choir,
Yogyakarta, dll.
Berdasarkan jumlahnya, kata benda dibagi menjadi:
a. Kata Benda Singular: kata benda berjumlah tunggal/satu.
b. Kata Benda Plural: kata benda berjumlah jamak/ lebih dari satu
Ciri-ciri kata benda plural/jamak:
1) Adanya akhiran –s.
Contoh: one apple  two apples; one book  three books
2) Adanya akhiran –es.
Contoh: one tomato  five tomatoes ; one strawberry  ten strawberries
3) Bentuk Jamak tidak beraturan (Irregular plural)
Contoh:
man  men woman  women goose  geese
mouse  mice leaf  leaves
chick  chickens sheep  sheep
ox  oxen fish  fish
child  children foot  feet
c. Countable Noun: kata benda yang jumlahnya bisa dihitung per satuan.
Misal: student, teacher, candy, apple, chair, girl, house , dll.
d. Uncountable Noun: kata benda yang jumlahnya tidak bisa dihitung
Misal: oil, rice, chocolate, Water, ink, milk, hair, salt, sugar, sand, ice, fruit, beef,
 spaghetti, butter, jam, ham, beer, wine, tea, coffee, lemonade, honey ,coal, petrol,
gas, dll.
Dari contoh di atas, kita tidak bisa mengatakan one oil, two oil, three rice, four
chocolate. Namun, uncountable noun bisa dijadikan countable noun dengan cara
menambahkan penanda jumlah (quantifier), berikut contohnya.
A kilo of flour. A glass of lemonade
A bottle of oil A pack of strawberries
A plate of rice A bowl of chicken soup
A bar of chocolate/ soap (sebatang ….) etc
A slice of cheese cake (sepotong ….)

2. Kata Ganti (Pronoun)

Kata ganti (pronoun) berfungsi menggantikan benda.
Jenis Pronoun:
 Subjective Pronoun: pronoun yang berfungsi/berposisi sebagai subyek dalam kalimat.
Ragamnya: I, you, we, they, he, she, it
Contoh: She buys a new house. We sell this motorcycle.
 Objective Pronoun: pronoun yang berfungsi/ berposisi sebagai obyek dalam kalimat.
Ragamnya: me, you, us, them, him, her, it
Contoh: He sends me a letter. They give you this gift.
 Possessive Pronoun: pronoun yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan.
Ragamnya: my, your, our, their, his, her, its
Contoh: Our country has many cultural heritages.
Tommy finds his lost cat.

Subjective Pronoun Objective Pronoun Possessive Pronoun

I Me My
You You Your
We Us Our
They Them Their

He Him His
She Her Her
It It Its
3. Kata Kerja (Verb)
Kata kerja (verb) berfungsi menyebut nama-nama perbuatan atau kejadian.
Regular Verbs
Infinitive/to inv. Verb 1 (+s/es) Verb 2 Verb 3 V-ing
Walk Walks Walked Walked Walking
Love Loves Loved Loved Loving
Study Studies Studied Studied Studying

Irregular Verbs
a. Full Verbs
Infinitive/to inv. Verb 1 (+s/es) Verb 2 Verb 3 V-ing
Go Goes Went Gone Going
Write Writes Wrote Written Writing
Sing Sings Sang Sung Singing
Bring Brings Brought Brought Brought
Read Read Read Read Read
Cut Cut Cut Cut Cut
Put Put Put Put Put

b. Nominal verbs: (to be, auxiliary)

Infinitive/to inv Verb 1 (+s/es) Verb 2 Verb 3 V-ing
to be am, is was been being
aux-do do/does did done doing
aux-have has/have had had having
aux-modals/ can/will/ could/would/ could/would/ -
operator verb shall/may should/might should/might -
have/has to had to had to -
must must must -

4. Kata Sifat (Adjective)

Kata sifat berfungsi menerangkan kata benda dengan menyebutkan/ memberikan sifat,
keadaan, rasa dari kata benda yang diterangkan tersebut.
Contoh: beautiful, easy, good, high, big, clean, smart, rich, dll
beautiful girl easy job high tecchnology smart boy clean house
5. Kata Keterangan (Adverb)
Kata Keterangan (adverb) berfungsi menyebutkan waktu, frekuensi, tempat, dan cara.
Kinds of Adverb Examples
Now, tonight, morning, yesterday
Adverb of Time

Adverb of Manner slowly, clearly, frankly,

hurriedly, beautifully, completely, fast etc
Adverb of Place there, here

Adverbs of Frequency Always 100% selalu

Usually 90% biasanya
Often 70% sering
Sometimes 50% kadang-kadang
Occasionally 30% kadang-kadang
Seldom 20% jarang
Rarely 10% sangat jarang
Never 0% tidak pernah

6. Kata Depan (Preposition)

Kata Depan (preposition) berfungsi menunjukkan posisi. Kata depan selalu terletak di
depan/ sebelum kata benda. Ragam kata depan:
in (di dalam)
on (di atas/ menerangkan posisi benda yang menempel pada benda lain)
at (pada)
before
after
from
under/below (di bawah)
upper/above (di atas)
in front of (di depan)
behind (di belakang)
beside/next to (di samping)
between (di antara dua objek)
among (di antara banyak objek)
across (di seberang)
across from (berseberangan dengan)

7. Kata Hubung (Conjunction)

 Kata hubung (conjunction) berfungsi menghubungkan dua kata, frasa, kalusa, atau
kalimat.
Contoh: and, but, so, or, if, when, because, dll.

8. Kata Penentu/Penunjuk (Determiner)

Kata penentu/penunjuk (determiner) berfungsi menunjukan/menentukan kata dari segi
umum/khususnya, banyak/sedikitnya, maupun jauh/dekat posisinya. Kata ini selalu
berada di depan/ sebelum kata benda.
Contoh: the, a, an, this, that, some, any, all, many, much

9. Kata Seru (Interjection): Oh, ah, hey, ugh, ooh, dll.

10. Enumerator: Kata yang menunjukan jumlah atau penomoran.

a. Cardinal numbers adalah angka yang digunakan untuk menerangkan jumlah
bilangan
b. Ordninal numbers adalah angka yang digunakan untuk menerangkan urutan
atau posisi. Mulai angka empat dan seterusnya cukup diberi akhiran –th.
Cardinal Cardinal Numbers Ordinal Numbers
Numbers
1 One 11 Eleven 1st first
2 Two 12 Twelve 2nd second
3 Three 13 Thirteen 3rd third
4 Four 14 Fourteen 4th fourth
5 Five 15 Fifteen 5th fifth
6 Six 16 Sixteen 6th sixth
7 Seven 17 Seventeen 11th eleventh
8 Eight 18 Eighteen 12th twelfth
9 Nine 19 Nineteen 13th thirteenth
10 Ten 20 Twenty 14th fourteenth
30 Thirty 20th twentieth
40 Forty 21st twenty first
50 Fifty 32nd thirty second
100 One hundred 43rd forty third
115 One hundred and fifteen
1000 One thousand
1200 One thousand and two hundred
1 juta : 1 million
1 milyar: 1 billion

B. Identifikasi Kata (Words Identification)

Karena banyak kata yang bisa masuk ke dalam beberapa jenis dengan arti yang berbeda-
beda, maka untuk menentukan arti suatu kata perlu terlebih dulu mengetahui jenis yang
diperankannya dalam bangun bahasa tersebut. Untuk itu ada beberapa cara dalam
mengidentifikasi kata.
1. Melihat Imbuhan (Awalan dan Akhiran)
Kata benda biasanya dengan akhiran:
- ion education, evaluation, admission, condition
- ment movement, environment, agreement,
- ness happiness, business, illness, laziness
- nce presence, difference, importance, ignorance
- ity ability, reality, possibility, unity
- cy fluency, accuracy, vacancy
- ship friendship, leadership, scholarship, hardship
- er/or actor, teacher, writer, director
- nese javanese, Balinese, Chinese, Japanese
- ist artist, biologist, economist, psychologist
- hood childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood
- ism capitalism, heroism, criticism, mechanism
- dom wisdom, kingdom, freedom, boredom
- logy/ics psychology, geology, mathematics, logistics

Kata kerja biasanya dengan awalan atau akhiran:

- en enlarge, endanger, encounter
- ize/ise visualize, advise, organize, revise, categorize
- ed directed, faced, canned, ignored

Kata keterangan biasanya dengan akhiran:

- ly Slowly, accurately, carefully
- ward Backward, upward, eastward, southward

Kata sifat biasanya dengan akhiran:

- ive relative, creative, communicative
- able/ ible observable, drinkable, portable, visible
- ous famous, dangerous, delicious, serious
- ic historic, academic, scientific, economic
- ful/ less hopeful, hopeless, useful, useless
- ish greenish, childish, selfish, boyish
- al critical, equal, logical, final, chemical
- er/est smaller, higher, largest, modest
Tidak selalu akhiran / awalan di atas sebagai pembentuk jenis kata-kata tertentu misalnya
kata ‘relative’ tidak mesti sebagi kata sifat/keadaan, tetapi bisa juga ebagi kata benda.
Demikian pula kata ‘condition’, ‘comment’ bisa sebagai kata kerja, tidak selalu sebagai
kata benda.
 2. Melihat fungsinya dalam kalimat
Fungsi-fungsi unsur kalimat hanya dapat diduduki oleh jenis kata-kata tertent saja. Fungsi
subject dan object, selalu ditempati oleh kata benda atau yang berperan sebagai benda.
Fungsi predikat selalu diduduki oleh kata kerja, to be, atau kata kerja bantu lainnya.
Contoh: Water is essential for man, plants, and animals.
S
Kata ‘water’ dalam kalimat di atas, berfungsi sebagai subject, dengan demikian sebagai
kata benda dan berarti air. Tetapi dalam kalimat
They water the flower every day.
P
Kata ‘water’ berfungsi sebagai predikat dan kata kerja, dan berarti menyirami.
Contoh lain:
My father leaves for work at 7.00.
P
Goats like green leaves.
O
Kata ‘leaves’ sebagai predikat dan kata kerja berarti ‘berangkat’, sebagai objek menjadi
kata benda dan berarti ‘daun-daun’.

3. Melihat kata bantu pendamping

Dalam bahasa Inggris, setelah kata-kata seperti a, the, some, many, dan sebagainya selalu
diikuti kata benda; demikian pula preposisi seperti in, on, for, dan sebagainya selalu
mendahului kata benda. Kata kerja biasanya didahului oleh always, never, often, will,
can, dan sebagainya; sedangkan kata sifat dan kata keterangan biasanya didahului oleh
very, rather, fairly, quiet, so, dan sebagainya. Contoh:
the place for health never forget very well
a well at home often need rather slow
your turn under maintenance usually change so kind

Arti kata hanya dapat ditentukan kalau telah diidentifikasi jenisnya, dengan bantuan
kamus atau dari perbendaharaan kata yang dimiliki. Tetapi satu hal yang sangat penting
adalah ketergantungan arti pada konteks bacaan dimana kata tersebut digunakan.

Task 3
Read the following text. Then, identify its nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
Put your answer into a table provided.
 The Great Values of Pancasila and the Implementation in Everyday Life

The first moral value of Pancasila is believing in the one supreme God which is
symbolized with a luminous star This statement denotes that Indonesians recognize and believe
in one God. This confession is manifested by worshiping according to the respective religions.
The Indonesians also recognize and respect religious differences in society. The government
guarantees the freedom of religion of every citizen. In everyday life, the form of the first
Pancasila’s moral value implementation can be seen in faithfulness to the one and only God,
performing worship in accordance with religion and belief, mutual respect between religious
communities, appreciating friends who are worshiping, willing to cooperate with people of other
religions, developing a sense of unity and oneness among people, and respecting religion
freedom.
The second moral value of Pancasila is justice and civilized humanity which is
symbolized with a gold chain. Indonesia is rich in diversity, but Indonesians still recognizes
equality of position and human rights. Every human being should develop tolerance and care for
the surrounding community. The implementation of this Pancasila’s moral value can be
recognizing equal rights and obligations among citizens, implementing rights and obligations in
a balanced manner, carrying out humanitarian activities, fostering a sense of brotherhood through
charitable action, and not being arbitrary towards other people.
The third moral value of Pancasila is the unity of Indonesia which is symbolized with a
banyan tree. Indonesians prioritize common interests over personal interests. This attitude can
develop the spirit of national unity and integrity. The love of the country makes the difference
into a great togetherness. This Pancasila’s moral value implementation can be seen from
Indonesians’ attitude in prioritizing common interests over personal interests, developing a sense
of love for the homeland and the Indonesian nation, feeling proud to be the nation of Indonesia,
and attaining achievements at the national and international levels to make the Indonesian nation
proud.
The fourth moral value of Pancasila is the democracy led by understanding wisdom
among honorable representatives from the parliament which is symbolized with a bull’s head.
Indonesians prioritize deliberation in making joint decisions. Deliberation is found as the best
way of making collective decisions. In deliberation, everyone has the right to express their
opinion. We also have to respect the opinions of others. Decisions must also be accepted and
implemented by all deliberation participants with sincerity. In everyday life, this moral value can
be manifested by conducting deliberation in making decisions, not imposing opinions on others,
respecting the opinions of others in deliberation, prioritizing deliberation in determining a
decision, accepting the result of the decision even though it is not in accordance with the
proposal, and carrying out the results of the deliberations with responsibility.
The fifth moral value of Pancasila is social justice for all of the Indonesian which is
symbolized with rice and cotton. The Indonesian nation wants to create justice for all people.
This hope is manifested by treating everyone fairly according to their rights and obligations as
citizens. Thus, every citizen of the state has the same position in law and government. This
Pancasila’s moral value can be manifested by sustaining a balance between obligations and
rights, respecting the rights and obligations of others, developing a thrifty attitude, working hard
and reducing feelings of laziness, and appreciating the results of other people's efforts.
Task 3
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs
Pancasila Believing Supreme Still
God Denotes Luminious Everyday
Star Recognizing Rich Every
Indonesians Respect Care Thus
Religions Worshiping Equal
Government Guarantee Balance
Citizens Implementing Humanitarian
Communities Performing Charitable
Friends Willing Right
Peoples Appreciating Arbitrary
Chain Cooperation Prioritize
Humans Developing Common
Bayan Tree Confession National
Country Surrounding Great
Parliament Can International
Bull’s Head Carrying Proud
Participants Fostering
Other Making
Rice and Cotton Seen
Rights Attaining
Law Understanding
State Found
Obligations Express
Nation Conducting
Personal Making
Democracy Prioritizing
Everyone Determining
Participants Accepting
Wants
Create
Hope
Treating
Reducing
Task 4
Summarize the text entitled The Great Values of Pancasila and the Implementation in
Everyday Life in the following table.
Text Your Summary
The first moral value of Pancasila is
believing in the one supreme God which is
symbolized with a luminous star This
statement denotes that Indonesians recognize
and believe in one God. This confession is
manifested by worshiping according to the
respective religions. The Indonesians also
recognize and respect religious differences in
society. The government guarantees the
freedom of religion of every citizen. In
everyday life, the form of the first Pancasila’s
moral value implementation can be seen in
faithfulness to the one and only God,
performing worship in accordance with
religion and belief, mutual respect between
religious communities, appreciating friends
who are worshiping, willing to cooperate with
people of other religions, developing a sense of
unity and oneness among people, and
respecting religion freedom.

The second moral value of Pancasila is

justice and civilized humanity which is
symbolized with a gold chain. Indonesia is rich
in diversity, but Indonesians still recognizes
equality of position and human rights. Every
human being should develop tolerance and care
for the surrounding community. The
implementation of this Pancasila’s moral value
can be recognizing equal rights and obligations
among citizens, implementing rights and
obligations in a balanced manner, carrying out
humanitarian activities, fostering a sense of
brotherhood through charitable action, and not
being arbitrary towards other people.

The third moral value of Pancasila is

the unity of Indonesia which is symbolized
with a banyan tree. Indonesians prioritize
common interests over personal interests. This
attitude can develop the spirit of national unity
and integrity. The love of the country makes
the difference into a great togetherness. This
Pancasila’s moral value implementation can be
seen from Indonesians’ attitude in prioritizing
common interests over personal interests,
developing a sense of love for the homeland
and the Indonesian nation, feeling proud to be
the nation of Indonesia, and attaining
achievements at the national and international
levels to make the Indonesian nation proud.
The fourth moral value of Pancasila is
the democracy led by understanding wisdom
among honorable representatives from the
parliament which is symbolized with a bull’s
head. Indonesians prioritize deliberation in
making joint decisions. Deliberation is found
as the best way of making collective decisions.
In deliberation, everyone has the right to
express their opinion. We also have to respect
the opinions of others. Decisions must also be
accepted and implemented by all deliberation
participants with sincerity. In everyday life,
this moral value can be manifested by
conducting deliberation in making decisions,
not imposing opinions on others, respecting the
opinions of others in deliberation, prioritizing
deliberation in determining a decision,
accepting the result of the decision even
though it is not in accordance with the
proposal, and carrying out the results of the
deliberations with responsibility.

The fifth moral value of Pancasila is

social justice for all of the Indonesian which is
symbolized with rice and cotton. The
Indonesian nation wants to create justice for
all people. This hope is manifested by treating
everyone fairly according to their rights and
obligations as citizens. Thus, every citizen of
the state has the same position in law and
government. This Pancasila’s moral value can
be manifested by sustaining a balance between
obligations and rights, respecting the rights and
obligations of others, developing a thrifty
attitude, working hard and reducing feelings of
laziness, and appreciating the results of other
people's efforts.
Instruksi Pengerjaan Tugas
1. Task 3: Mahasiswa diminta menentukan noun, verb, adjective, adverb dari teks berjudul
Great Values of Pancasila and the Implementation in Everyday Life.
- Agar lebih mudah mengerjakannya, silakan fokus cari satu per satu jenis katanya..
- Kata yang sama tidak perlu diketikkan lagi
Task 4: Mahasiswa diminta membuat ringkasan/ menyebutkan isi teks dengan bahasa sendiri
dari setiap paragraf pada teks Great Values of Pancasila and the Implementation in Everyday
Life.
2. Pengerjaan tugas cukup diketik. Copy-paste tabel Task 3 dan Task 4 di file MsWord baru
3. Kerjakan tugas di file yang baru tersebut.
4. Jika sudah selesai, beri nama file baru tersebut dengan format NPM_Nama Mahasiswa_Kelas
5. Kirimkan hasil pengerjaan tugas ke Google Classroom.
6. Batas maksimal pengumpulan tugas: Jumat, 19 Maret 2021 pukul 12.30