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Math
Quarter 3 - Module 9.1
Illustrating Mutually Exclusive Events
 COPYRIGHT 2021

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Maria Richie A. Alcaide

Editors: Lorelie M. Ysolan, Corazon R. Ugay
Reviewers: Lorelie M. Ysolan, Corazon R. Ugay, Sheila A. Gales
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Math
Quarter 3 - Module 9.1
Illustrating Mutually Exclusive Events
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module on Illustrating Mutually

Exclusive Events!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will

help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module on Illustrating Mutually

Exclusive Events!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
 Illustrating Mutually Exclusive Events

CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates an understanding of key concepts of
combinatorics and probability.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner is able to use precise counting techniques and probability
in formulating conclusions and making decisions.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Illustrates mutually exclusive events. (M10SP-IIIi-1s)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Illustrate mutually exclusive events;
2. Determine whether two events are mutually exclusive or not;
3. Apply the formula in solving problems involving mutually exclusive
events.

INTRODUCTION
Start this module by assessing your knowledge and understanding of the
concept of the probability of simple events in solving problems involving probability of
compound events. This knowledge and skill will help you understand to illustrate
mutually exclusive as well as non- mutually exclusive events. As you go through this
lesson, think of this question: Why do you think is the study of probability important in
making decision in real life? To be able to answer this, perform each activity that
follows.

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PRE-TEST

Name: __________________________ Date:______________

Grade Level - Section: _____________ Score: _____________

Direction: Let’s find out how much you already know about this topic. Write the letter
of your choice that you think best answers the question on the space provided before
the item number.

______ 1. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B), this symbol is represented by what event?

A. Dependent C. Mutually exclusive
B. Independent D. Not mutually exclusive

______ 2. Which of the following pairs of events is mutually exclusive?

A. Cards: Aces and Spades C. Sit down and stand- up
B. Two dice: Odd and Even D. Sit down and scratch your nose

______ 3. Which of the following illustrates mutually exclusive events?

A. Rolling a die
B. Drawing ace on the deck of cards
C. Running forwards and running backwards?
D. Rolling a die and getting an even number of that is multiple of 3

______ 4. Which event is illustrated in the Venn diagram at the right?

A. Dependent C. Mutually exclusive

B. Independent D. Not mutually exclusive

______ 5. Which of the following represents the event which are not mutually
exclusive?
A. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
B. P(A or B) = P(A) - P(B)
C. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)
D. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) + P(A and B)

______ 6. What event is illustrated in this given?

Mario has 45 red chips, 12 blue chips, and 24 white chips. What is the
probability that Mario randomly selects a red chip or a white chip?
A. Dependent C. Mutually exclusive
B. Independent D. Not mutually exclusive

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______ 7. What event is illustrated in this problem?
Of 240 students, 176 are on the honor roll, 48 are members of the varsity
team, and 36 are in the honor roll and are also members of the varsity team.
What is the probability that a randomly selected student is on the honor roll or is
a member of the varsity team?
A. Dependent C. Mutually exclusive
B. Independent D. Not mutually exclusive

______ 8. What is the probability of a king and a Queen?

A. 0 C. 1/13
B. 2/13 D. 1/52

______ 9. There are 4 Kings in a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability of picking
a King?
A. 1/13 C. 12/52
B. 2/15 D. 1/52

______ 10. The probability of heads landing up when you flip a coin is ½. What is the
probability of getting tails if you flip again?
A. ¼ C. ½
B. 1/3 D. ¾

______ 11. A card is chosen at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. What is the
probability of a King or a Queen?
A. 0 C. 1/13
B. 1/169 D. 2/13

______ 12. A card is chosen at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. What is the
probability of a King or a Heart?
A. 1/52 C. 4/13
B. 2/13 D. 17/52

______ 13. Carl’s basketball shooting records indicate that for any frame, the
probability that he will score in a two-point shoot is 30%, a three-point shoot,
45%, and neither, 25%. What is the probability that Cindy will score either in a
two-point shoot or in a three-point shoot?
A. 75% C. 65%
B. 55% D. 80%

______ 14. Two fair dice are thrown. What is the probability that the score on the
first die is 6 or the score on the second die is 5?
A. 1/36 C. 1/3
B. 11/36 D. 13/36

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___ 15. There are 30 children in a class and they all have at least one cat or dog. 14
children have a cat, 19 children have a dog. What is the probability that a child
chosen at random from the class has both a cat and a dog?
A. 1/10 C. 1/6
B. 2/15 D. 15

REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS MODULE

In the previous module, you have learned to find the probability of (AUB).

PRESENTATION OF THE NEW MODULE

Two events are said to be mutually exclusive if they cannot happen at the same
time. For example, if we toss a coin, either heads or tails might turn up, but not heads
and tails at the same time. Similarly, in a single throw of a die, we can only have one
number shown at the top face.

Same thing is you can’t run backwards and forwards at the same time. The
events “running forward’’ and “running backwards” are mutually exclusive.

ACTIVITY : “Captivating Chances with Events A or B”

Study the situations below and answer the following questions.

1. Inside the basket there are 10 marbles numbered 1 to 10. If a marble is drawn
randomly from the basket, what is the probability that it is
a. 5 or 10?

b. 6 or a number divisible by 4?

c. even or divisible by 4?

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 d. a number divisible by 4 or divisible by 5?

2. Dave puts 50 balls in a drawer in which 25 are black, 10 are orange, and 15
are purple. If Dave picks one ball at random, what is the probability that he
selects a black ball or a purple ball?

3. Out of 6500 families being surveyed, 3100 had a male dog, 1910 had a
female dog, and 560 had both a male and a female dog. What is the
probability that a randomly selected family has a male dog or a female dog?

ANALYSIS
Based on the previous activity, answer the following questions and
write your answer in the box.

1. How did you find the answer to each question?

2. What do you notice about the events in each situation? Are the two
events in each situation occurring at the same time?

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 3. Illustrate the situations for numbers 2 and 3 using a Venn Diagram
showing their sample space. Describe the resulting Venn diagrams.

ABSTRACTION
The above activity shows that the events may be either mutually exclusive or
not mutually exclusive. Those events that did not occur at the same time are called
mutually exclusive events.

Study the Venn Diagram below. A and B are mutually exclusive events if they
can’t occur at the same time. This means that A and B don’t share any outcomes.

A B

P(A or B)

When two events (call them “A” and “B”) are mutually exclusive events the
probability of A or B is the sum of their individual probabilities. In symbols,

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

read as ‘The probability of A or B is equal to the sum of the probability of A and the
probability of B.”

Example: Find the probability of getting a King or a Queen in a deck of 52

cards.
Solutions: Let A, be the probability of getting a King, then
P(king) = 4/52 or 1/13
Let B, be the probability of getting a Queen, then
P(queen) = 4/52 or 1/13
Using the formula, we have
P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
P (king or queen) = (1/13) + (1/13) = 2/13

On the other hand, events that can happen at the same time is so called non-
mutually exclusive events.

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 Below is the Venn diagram that shows event A and B which are not mutually
exclusive because A and B intersect.

When two events, (call them “A” and “B”), are not mutually exclusive, then the
probability of A or B is the sum of their probabilities decreased by the probability of A
and B. In symbols,
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)

read as “The probability of A or B is equal to the sum of the probability of A plus the
probability of B decreased by the probability of A and B. ”

Example: Dara pick a letter from the alphabet, find the probability that it is
either in the word “JUG” or in the word “LOGS”.

Solutions: Let P(A) be the probability that the letter is in the word JUG.
Let P(B) be the probability that the letter is in the word LOGS.
Using the formula, we have
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)
Given: P(A) = 3/26
P(B) = 4/26
P(A and B) = 1/26; since there is only one letter that is in common.
P(JUG or LOGS) = P(3/26) + P(4/26) – P(1/26) = 6/26 or 3/13.

EXERCISES

1. Ruben has 20 pants in the cabinet. Five of these are black, seven are in
different shades of gray, and the rest are of different colors. Find the
probability that he will wear a black or a gray pant?

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 2. Of 200 students, 140 are on the honor roll, 28 are members of the varsity
team, and 16 are in the honor roll and are also members of the varsity team.
What is the probability that a randomly selected student is on the honor roll or
is a member of the varsity team?

APPLICATION
Read and analyze the problem. Solve using the formula.

1. In a wheel having 7 rainbow colors, Anna win a bunch of cookies if she ends
up in a blue or orange field. What is the probability that the wheel stops at
blue or orange?

ENRICHMENT

Given the problem, illustrate using the Venn diagram and solve using the formula.

1. Danny roll a twelve- sided die, find the probability that the result will either
be an odd number or a perfect square?

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REFERENCES
Learner’s Material (LM) in Mathematics 10, pp. 334 - 340

Teacher’s Guide (TG) in Mathematics 10, pp. 291 - 295

Website Links:

Mutually Exclusive Events. Math Is Fun.

http://www.mathisfun.com/data/probability-events-mutually-exclusive.html
Accessed on 6 March 2014

Mutually Exclusive Events (video lessons)

http://www.onlinemathlearning.com/data/probability-events-mutually-
exclusive.html
www.mathopolis.com

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Peñaranda St., Surigao City
Surigao del Norte, Philippines 8400
Tel. No: (086) 826-8216
Email Address: surigao.delnorte@deped.gov.ph

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