EE 314L Computer Communication

Network

Title: Concept of Network Device and IP Address

Engr. Salman Saleem

Department of Electrical Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology Mardan
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Network
• Any two or more than two electronic devices
connected with each other to share information
forms a network.
• Cellular Network, Computer network etc

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Computer Network
• A computer network is a system that connects
numerous independent computers in order to
share information (data) and resources.
• A computer network is a collection of two or more
computer systems that are linked together
• A network connection can be established using
either cable or wireless media. Hardware and
software are used to connect computers and tools
in any network.

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Computer Network Types

• LAN (Local Area Network)

• PAN (Personal Area Network)
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
• WAN (Wide Area Network)

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Computer Network Types

• Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is a network that

covers an area of around 10 kilometers. For
example, a college network or an office network.
• Personal Area Network (PAN): Personal Area
Network is a network arranged within an individual
person, typically within a range of 10 meters

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Computer Network Types

• There are two types of Personal Area Network:

• ✓ Wired Personal Area Network
• ✓ Wireless Personal Area Network

• Wireless Personal Area Network: Wireless Personal

Area Network is developed by simply using wireless
technologies such as WiFi, Bluetooth. It is a low range
network.
• Wired Personal Area Network: Wired Personal Area
Network is created by using the USB.
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Computer Network Types

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A

metropolitan area network is a network that covers
a larger geographic area by interconnecting a
different LAN. It is a network between two building
• Wide Area Network (WAN): WAN refers to a
network that connects countries or continents.
• WAN interconnects connecting devices such as
switches, routers, or modems.

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Topologies
• Bus Topology
• Ring Topology
• Star Topology
• Mesh Topology

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Network Devices
• NIC (Network Interface Card): A network card,
often known as a network adapter or NIC (network
interface card), is computer hardware that enables
computers to communicate via a network.
• Repeater: A repeater is an electrical device that
receives a signal, cleans it of unwanted noise,
regenerates it, and retransmits it at a higher power
level or to the opposite side of an obstruction,
allowing the signal to travel greater distances
without degradation. Repeaters are necessary for
cable lengths longer than 100 meters in some
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Network Devices
• Hub: A hub is a device that joins together many
twisted pairs or fiber optic.
• A network hub is a relatively simple broadcast
device. Any packet entering any port is regenerated
and broadcast out on all other ports, and hubs do
not control any of the traffic that passes through
them.

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Network Devices
• Bridges: Bridges broadcast data to all the ports but
not on the one that received the transmission.
Bridges, on the other hand, learn which MAC
addresses are reachable through specific ports
rather than copying messages to all ports as hubs
do. Once a port and an address are associated, the
bridge will only transport traffic for that address to
that port.

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Network Devices
• Switches: A switch differs from a hub in that it only
forwards frames to the ports that are participating
in the communication, rather than all of the ports
that are connected.
• Routers: A router is a computer networking device
that links two or more computer networks and
selectively exchanges data packets between them.

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 Network Devices
• Gateways: It joins networks that use distinct network
protocol technologies.
• Modem: A modem is a hardware device that allows the
computer to connect to the internet over the existing
telephone line. It stands for Modulator/Demodulator. It
converts the digital data into an analog signal over the
telephone lines.
✓ Standard PC modem or Dial-up modem
✓ Cellular Modem
✓ Cable modem
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Network Devices
• Cables and Connectors: Cable is a transmission media
used for transmitting a signal.
• There are three types of cables used in transmission:
• ✓ Twisted pair cable
• ✓ Coaxial cable
• ✓ Fibre-optic cable

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Network Devices
• Internet Protocol (IP) Address: An IP stands for
internet protocol. An IP address is assigned to each
device connected to a network. Each device uses an IP
address for communication. It also behaves as an
identifier as this address is used to identify the device
on a network.
• There are two types of IP addresses:
• ✓ IPv4
• ✓ IPv6

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Network Devices
• Internet Protocol (IP) Address
• The 32-bit IP address is divided into five sub-classes.
These are:
✓ Class A
✓ Class B
✓ Class C
✓ Class D (Multicast Address)
✓ Class E (Reserved)

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The End…..

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