FUNDAMENTALS ENGR. JOYLEN PEARL P.

MITRA

OF SURVEYING
HORIZONTAL DISTANCES
HORIZONTAL DISTANCES
DISTANCE BY PACING
• It is used for many purposes in geology, forestry,
engineering and agriculture. Under average
conditions, a good pacer will have little difficulty in
pacing distances with a relative precision of 1/200.
Results could be attained within 1 percent of
accurately measure distances.
• To pace a distance it is necessary to first determine
the length of one’s pace. This is referred to as the
pace factor.
HORIZONTAL DISTANCES
DISTANCE BY TAPING
Taping consists of stretching a calibrated tape between two
points and reading the distance indicated on the tape.
Taping may vary from a relative precision of about 1:1000 to
1:25000 or better.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1.0
DISTANCE BY PACING
A 45-m course, AB, on level ground was paced by a surveyor
for the purpose of determining his pace factor. The number of
paces for each trial taken are shown in the tabulation.
Requirements:
1. Determine his pace factor A B
2. If the surveyor then took 771, 770, 768, 770, 772 and
769 paces in walking an unknown distance CD, what is
the length of the line?
3. Assuming that the taped length of line CD is 667.0m,
determine the relative precision of the measurement
performed.

TRIAL LINE TAPED NO. OF MEAN Solution:

DIST PACES 𝟒𝟓
1. PF = Taped Distance / Mean = 𝟓𝟐 𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟓𝟒𝒎
1 AB 50 2. n = 6 trials taken on Line CD
2 BA 53 771+770+768+770+772+769
Mean = = 770paces
50 + 53 + 51 + 53 + 52 + 53 6
3 AB 45.0 51 6 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 PD = Mean (PF) = (770)(0.8654) = 666.3580m
4 BA 53 52 paces 3. TD = 667.0 m
5 AB 52
PD = 666.3580
𝑇𝐷−𝑃𝐷 667−666.3580 −𝟒
RP = 𝑇𝐷 = = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟐𝟓𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎
6 BA 53 667
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.0
DISTANCE BY TAPING
A horizontal distance of 325.71 m is to be established along a line that slopes at a vertical angle
of 13°6’. What slope distance should be laid out?

Horizontal Distance

d = Horizontal Distance = 325.75m

A = Vertical Angle = 13°06’ 𝑑 𝑑 325.75
cos 𝐴 = b= = 𝑐𝑜𝑠13°06’ = 334.4538 m
b = distance to be laid out along the slope to obtain 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
the required horizontal distance
 END OF
PRESENTATION