Lab preparation of :

1. Chloroform (trichloro methane )

2. Diethyl ether (Ethoxy ethane)
3. Formic acid (methanoic acid)
4. Nitrobenzene
5. Aniline

Separation process
1. Identification of 1º, 2º and 3° alcohols by Victor Meyer's method.

2. Separation of 1, 2° and 3° amines by Hoffmann's

method.

Name reactions
1. Aldol condensation

2. Cannizaro's reaction

3. Perkins condensation

4. Claisen Condensation reaction.

5. Benzoin condensation

6. Carbylamine reaction (Oxo process)

7. Reimer Tiemann reaction

8. Coupling reaction( preparation of azo dyes)

9. Diazotization reaction

10. Friedel- Craft's reaction

11. Hoffmann's Bromamide reaction,

Decarbonylation reaction)

12. Esterification reaction

13. Carbonylation reaction

14. Williamsan's etherification reaction

15. Rosenmund reduction

Test reactions
1. Iodoform test ( NaOH + I2)
2. Fehling's test ( alkaline solution of copper sulphate)
3. Silver mirror test( reaction with Tollens reagent)
4. Nitrous acid test of 1º, 2º and 3° amines.
 5. 2,4 – DNP test
6. Carblyamine test ( test of primary amines)

Important reactions
1. Reduction of nitrobenzene in different medium.

2. Preparaion of alcohols using Grignard reagent. C3H8 and C4H10

3. Oxidation of alcohols. ( 1, 2 & 3 degree) 4. Fermentation

5. All reactions of chloroform.

Reactions to prepare
1. DDT
2. Picric acid
3. BHC
4. Urotropin
5. Chloropicrin
6. TNT

Convertion
1. 1-bromopropane to 2- bromopropane and vice versa.

2. propan-1-ol to propan-2-ol and vice versa.

3. Methanamine to ethanamine and vice versa.

4. Phenol to anisole(methoxy benzene) and vice versa.

5. Ethoxy ethane to methoxy ethane.

6. Phenol/aniline to azo-dye.

7. Ethanal/ ethanol to 3-hydroxy butanal.

8. Ethanol to 2-hydroxyl propanoic acid.

9. Propanone(acetone) to 2-hydroxy-2-methyl

propanoic acid.

10. Phenol to toluene.

11. Ethanol to propanol/ propanoic acid.

12. Methanamide to ethanamine.

Short questions of Organic Chemistry

1. Why is chloroform stored in a dark bottle
containing ethanol?

2. Why does chloroform not give white ppt. with aq. AgNO3?

3. Why is nucleophilic substitution reaction difficult in haloarene?

4. Why is boiling point of ethanol greater than that of ethoxy ethane?

5. Why is phenol more acidic than aliphatic alcohol?

6. Why does nitrobenzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction at meta position? (Explain
why -NO2 group is meta directing towards electrophilic aromatic substitution)

7. Why is chlorobenzene o/p - directing towards electrophilic substitution reaction?

8. It is dangerous to boil a sample of ether stored for a long time, give reason.

9. Ether is stored in a bottle containing iron wire, why?

10. Give a suitable test to distinguish ethanamine from N-methyl methanamine.

11. Write a chemical test to distinguish ethanoic acid(acetic acid) from methanoic acid(formic acid).

12. Why is chloroacetic acid stronger acid than

acetic acid? 13. Why is formic acid stronger acid than acetic

acid?

14. Why amino group of aniline is protected before nitration?(Aniline can not be nitrated directly,
why?)

15. Write the functional isomers of C3H80 with their IUPAC name. Give a chemical test to distinguish
them.

16. Write an unsymmetrical ether of C3H8O. How would you prepare this ether using Williamson's
synthesis?

17. Write down possible isomeric amines of C3H9N and give their IUPAC names.

18. What is peptide bond(linkage). Write an example of dipeptide.

19. What are disaccharides? What happens when a disaccharide is hydrolysed.

20. Define protein. What is meant by denaturation of protein.

21. What is soap? How is soap obtained from fat? (What is saponification?)(What happens when a
fat/oil is hydrolysed?)

22. Write monomers and one use of: (a)Bakelite

(b)Nylon-6,6

(c)polyvinyl chloride(PVC)

(d) Teflon

Structural formula and one use

• Analgesic drug antipyretic drug

• Antibiotics Antiseptics

• Herbicide Pesticide

• Germicide Insecticide

• A synthetic fertilizer – nitrogen

fertilizer/Phosphorus (phosphatic) fertilizer,

mixed(NPK) fertilizer.

What happens when

1. Sodium benzoate is heated with sodalime.

2. Phenol is heated with zinc dust.

3. Chlorobenzene is treated with chloral .

4. Ethyl alcohol(ethanol) is treated with acetic

acid(ethanoic acid)

5. Phenol is treaded with aq. Br2.

6. Aniline is treated with aq. Br2.

7. Phenol is treated with benzene diazonium

chloride.

8. Ethoxy etane is treated with HI.

9. Methanal(formaldehyde) is treated with

ammonia.

10. Methanal / benzaldehyde is treated with NaOH.

11. Ethanal/propanone is treated with NaOH.

12. Aldehyde/ketone is treated with hydroxyl amine.

13. Ethanol is heated with conc. H2SO4.

14. Acetic acid is treated with P205

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
5 Marks questions
1. Selection of indicators.
2. Different conceps of acids and bases and their limitations
3. Common ion effect and solubility product principle and its application.
4. Faraday's laws of electrolysis.
5. Hess law.

6. Prediction of feasibility/ spontaneity of reactions in terms of free energy change and

entropy change.
7. Differences between order and molecularity of reaction.
8. Collision theory of reaction rate.

9. Factors affecting rate of reaction.

Short questions
1. Write hybridization of central atom and geometry of:

• Ethene(ethylene)
• ethane Ethyne (acetylene)
• NH3
• BF3
• H20
• H2S

2. Write any two features and an example of sp3/sp2/sp hybridization.

3. Define the terms:

• Normality
• Normality factor
• End point
• Equivalent point
• Titration error Seminormal solution
• Decinormal solution
• Indicator
• Basicity of acid
• Acidity of base
• Standard solution(primary and secondary) with example.

4. What are primary standard substances? What are the requisites for a substance to be
primary standard?
5. Define molarity and normality. Write their Relationship.

6. What happens when HCl is passed through saturated solution of NaOH?

7. Predict whether the aqueous solution of
CuSO4/CaCl2/Na2CO3/NaCl is acidic basic or neutral. Give reason.
8.. State Ostwald's dilution law. What is the limitation of this law?
9. Define pH and poH. Write their relation.
10. Define the terms:

• Electro chemical equivalent (ECE).

• Standard electrode potential.
• One Faraday

11. Mention one important application of standard hydrogen electrode giving example.
12. State first law of thermodynamics and point out its limitation.

13. Distinguish between intensive and extensive property with one example of each.
14. Define enthalpy of combustion and enthalpy of formation.
15. Draw energy profile diagram for exothermic and endothermic reactions.
16. Draw energy profile diagram for catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions.(How does catalyst
increases the rate of reaction?)

17. State second law of thermodynamics. Explain this law on the basis of entropy change.
18. What is meant by effective collision of reacting species? What are the essential conditions
for the effective collision of reacting species?
19. Find the unit of rate constant of: zero, first, second and third order reaction.

METALS
Extraction
SET A: Extraction of:

1. (Blister) copper from copper pyrites.

2.Steel ( Open Hearth and Bessemerization process)
3. Iron from iron pyrites.

Chemistry of
1. Blue vitriol ( CuSO4.5H20)

2. White vitriol ( ZnSO4.7H20)

3. Zinc white ( Zno)
4. Calomel (Hg2Cl2)
5. Corrosive sublimate (HgCl2)
6. Rusting of iron

Short questions
1. Copper metal becomes black/green when exposed to air for long time, why?
2. What happens when copper is treated with conc. HNO3?
3. What is the effect of heat on blue vitriol?
4. What is Rinman's green? How it is prepared? Write its one important use.
5. Write molecular formula of Philosopher's wool. How it is prepared?

6. What is Nessler's reagent? How is it prepared? 7. What is the composition of stainless steel?
Write its one use.
8. Distinguish between quenching and tempering of steel.
9. Rusting (corrosion) of iron and methods of prevention. — (5 marks too.)

10. Why does silver nitrate produces permanent black stain on the skin?