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Ta Âvojj
Âvojj Tbvbrhgsbg
Tbvbrhgsbg
rbsphrijiaëo
Bj ortb mb jo rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb 

crbotebijiay
 

SBTPHSIJIAËO
 

Ta Âvojj Tbvbrhgsbg

Sbsphrijiaëo
Bj ortb mb jo rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb

Fitiaroo mb Dospbr ]yclbra — Hjustrodhigbs mb Pbr Mhbkbr

CjubDigsujt
 

Sbsphrijiaëo
© 30?0 Ta Âvojj Tbvbrhgsbg

Bmhtirbs< Korn Dijcbra Aijmskhte


  Ta Âvojj Tbvbrhgsbg
 Digstogdb Nokpf 
  Crhogy ]rucrhmab

]romuddhôg< Hrko Eijk Aorhcoy

Mhsbÿi Arïdi
Arïdi y Pirtomo<
Pirtomo< Korn Dijcbra Aijmskhte

Pirtomo< Dospbr ]yclbra


Fiti p. 1= Oprbdhodhôg mb jis Dubrpis bg bxehchdhôg
Fiti p. ?06, ?43, y 31? Kirtbg Clõrg Jorsbg
Fiti p. ?=2 Pbr Eojjuk
Fiti p. ?=6 Mog Curtig
Fiti p. ?54 Kojjor Deonrovorty

]hpiaroomi bg Dojhcrh

?ª. Bmhdhôg

Bmhtirhoj<

CjubDigsujt
www.cjubdigsujt.chz

www.crbotebijiay.dik

]imis jis mbrbdeis bstïg rbsbrvomis. Bstb jhcri gi pubmb sbr


rbhkprbsi gh rbprimudhmi pir dikpjbti, gh tokpidi bg portbs,
ujhzomi bg ghgaugo firko, gh pir ghgaüg kbmhi, yo sbo, bjbdtrôghdi,
bjbdtrôghdi,
kbdïghdi, hgdjuybgmi bg bsti bj fitidiphomi, arocomi, i ghgaüg
itri, shg bj pbrkhsi mbj bmhtir.
 

Ëgmhdb mb digtbghmis

Prbfodhi  
Prbfodhi ?4

Portb H
Sbsphrodhôg shg mbsdogsi 34
Jo vhmo mhorho oahtomo 32
¹_uè bs bj bstrès9 40
Digtrij mbj pbgsokhbgti 41
Jo mhbto 
mhbto  ==

Blbrdhdhis 21
girkoj 
Sbsphrodhôg girkoj  62
Cubgis y kojis eïchtis 
eïchtis  61
¹Pir què rbsphrokis9
rbsphrokis9   61
Digtrij dbrbcroj mb gubstro
gu bstro rbsphrodhôg 
rbsphrodhôg  12
Blbrdhdhis  
Blbrdhdhis 54

Portb HH
Sbsphrodhôg bgtrbgomo 8?
Jjbaor o sbr sojumocjb o trovès
trovès mbj yiao 84
Jo vhshôg eijësdo 84
Jos vbgtolos mbj yiao 86
Mbj dubrpi o jo kbgtb 88
Digtrij mb jo kbgtb y jis sbgmis ?04
Blbrdhdhis  
Blbrdhdhis ??1
??1
 

Sbsphrodhôg sistbghmo ?34


Jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo mbgtri y fubro mbj oauo ?32
Jo pouso goturoj ?32
¹Dôki sb rbojhzo jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo9 ?36
?36
Bj gicjb ortb mb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg ?44
Rg kbgsolb mbj yiao ?=?
]u mbjg hgtbrgi ?=5
?=5
Blbrdhdhis  
Blbrdhdhis ?22

Sbsphrodhôg pimbriso ?62


Ipkhzo tu mbsbkpbÿi otjèdi ?61
Jo rbsphrodhôg mbj mbpirtb ?61
Jo rbsphrodhôg kbgtoj ?12
Ocugmogtbs dèjujos rilos mb jo sogarb ?5=
Jis pujkigbs pubmbg bxpogmhrsb pbrkogbgtbkbgtb 
pbrkogbgtbkbgtb  ?51
Blbrdhdhis  
Blbrdhdhis ?84

Sbsphrodhôg
Thègtbtb chbg tbropèudo
kïs rïphmi ?30?
88
Rgo vhmo jorao y sojumocjb 30?
¡Rso tu gorhz! 301
Bj osko pubmb sbr duromo pir kbmhi mb bgtrbgokhbgti 
bgtrbgokhbgti  3?1
Bkpodor ohrb bg jis pujkigbs
- ug kètimi sbgdhjji poro ugo kblir vhmo 
vhmo  33=
33=
Outi-oyumo poro bgfbrkbmombs bg jos vëos oèrbos 343
Sbeochjhtodhôg eijësdo — bstumhi mb ug dosi 
dosi   345
Blbrdhdhis  
Blbrdhdhis 324

Sbsphrodhôg trogquhjhzogt
t rogquhjhzogtb
b 328
Kïs pjodbr y kbgis mijir 36?
Bj mijir bg bj dubrpi y bg jo kbgtb 
kbgtb  36?
Ojhvho bj mijir kbgtojkbgt
kbgtojkbgtbb  36=
Mijirbs pshdisikïdis 310
Jo jhcbrodhôg mbj bstrès murogtb bj bkcorozi 312
Blbrdhdhis  
Blbrdhdhis 351
 

Opègmhdb
Tojvor vhmos - prhkbris ouxhjhis 384
Sbsudhtodhôg dormhi pujkigor (SDP) 382
Rg cubg digsbli poro prhkbris ouxhjhis 381

]u priaroko mb bgtrbgokhbgti pbrsigoj 


pbrsigoj  404

Ëgmhdb 4??
 

O ]rhgb, quhbg kb eo oyumomi


kh rbsphrodhôg, o rbsphror
o trovès y o sistbgbr
mb jis oÿis
&
O Mokhïg, quhbg mblô mb rbsphror
mbkoshomi prigt
prigtii
 

Prbfodhi

Sbsphrodhôg hgdigsdhbgtb

‚Bj Mhis Lbeivï drbô oj eikcrb


eikcrb mb corri mbj subji y sipjô, bj sipji mb vhmo bg
sus gorhgos, y osë sb digvhrô bg ugo drhoturo vhvhbgtb‛
Aègbshs 3<1

]u vhmo sb vhvb bgtrb mis rbsphrodhigbs — jo prhkbro hgeojodhôg y tu


üjko bxeojodhôg.
Domo mëo rbsphros bgtrb 30,000 y 40,000 vbdbs. Bsti eodb ugo dogmom
mb oprixhkomokbgtb ?0 khjjigbs mb rbsphrodhigbs domo oÿi y ug
chjjôg mb rbsphrodhigbs bg bj bkpi mb vhmo. Pricocjbkbgtb socbs
rbsphror chbg, pbri bs rbojkbgtb kuy pricocjb qub gi bstès usogmi
tus pujkigbs o timo su dopodhmom. Bs ugo jïsko pirqub sh gi ujhzos
domo rbsphrodhôg, jb bstïs mhdhbgmi omhôs o bgbraëo omhdhigoj poro tu vhmo
mhorho. Jo koyirëo mb jo abgtb gi bstï digsdhbgtb mb dôki rbsphrog.
Pordujorkbgtb, jis eïchtis mb ugo picrb rbsphrodhôg sig dikugbs bg
bkpis kimbrgis. ¹Duïgmi fub jo üjko vbz qub rbsphrostb jbgti y
prifugmi y pbgsostb odbrdo mb jo rbjodhôg ëgko y bstrbdeo bgtrb tu
rbsphrodhôg, tu dubrpi y tu kbgtb9 Gubstri hgdrbëcjb iraoghski bs
dopoz mb trogsfirkorsb o së khski o ug aromi bg qub jo dhbgdho gi ji
drbb pishcjb. Bg digsbdubgdho, jo hgvbsaodhôg rbdhbgtb gis kubstro
qub bj pujkôg eukogi bs dopoz mb hgdrbkbgtor su tokoÿi o trovès
mbj bgtrbgokhbgti y qub jis pbgsokhbgtis pishvis pubmbg, mb ebdei, ebde i,
ofbdtor y rbluvbgbdbr bj dbrbcri. Th oprbgmbs dôki kbliror tu dopodhmom
shdo y kbgtoj, tu sojum bg abgbroj y jos ipirtughmombs mb vhvhr ugo jorao
vhmo kblirorïg tokchèg.
Pubmb porbdbr rori qub kudeo abgtb hagirb ojai tog goturoj diki
bs jo rbsphrodhôg. Oghkojbs y ghÿis, okcis rbsphrog prifugmokbgtb
eodho bj ‚bstôkoai‛ y pir ji togti ujhzog jis pujkigbs ôpkokbgtb.
Thg bkcorai, poro jos pbrsigos kuy idupomos, bsti bs kïs chbg jo
bxdbpdhôg qub jo rbajo. Bstb ebdei mbsofirtugomi bs prhgdhpojkbgtb
mbtbrkhgomi pir tbgmbgdhos sidhojbs y dujturojbs mbchmi o jo digstogtb
oahtodhôg mb jo vhmo mhorho, jo duoj
d uoj gis eo mhstogdhomi mb gubstri dubrpi.
Mb timi, o timi, bsti gis jjbvo o qub gis ijvhmbkis pir dikpjbti mb
jo dojko y prifugmo rbsphrodhôg qub gis fub momo oj godbr. Jo vhmo bs

PSBFODHI   ?4
 

dorrbrbomo y dig frbdubgdho gis ijvhmokis mb bsdudeor o gubstris


dubrpis drbbkis qub üghdokbgtb pubmbg sbr digtrijomis pir ojaugos
pbrsigos, shg bkcorai duojquhbro pubmb digtrijor su rbsphrodhôg.
Goturojkbgtbb qub bsti gi rbmudhrï bj bstrès i jo dorao mb trocoli bg su
Goturojkbgt
vhmo. Thg bkcorai, bj aogor kïs ixëabgi bg bj iraoghski y ug shstbko
gbrvhisi kïs rbjolomi pubmb oyumor o qub pimokis kogblor jo prbshôg
y jo hgdbrmukcrb mb jo vhmo. ]imi ji qub bgbs qub eodbr bs rbdirmor
bj digshmbror tu rbsphrodhôg.
Mb ebdei, jo rbsphrodhôg bs bxodtokbgtb mb ji qub troto bstb jhcri.
Bspbri hghdhortb mbgtri mbj bgirkb pitbgdhoj qub bj digtrij kbgtoj y jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g digsdhbgtb pubmbg morjb o tu vhmo poro qub pubmos kogblor
bj bstrès b hgdrbkbgtor bj ghvbj mb tu bgbraëo mhorho. Duogmi
Duog mi tus pujkigbs
sb vubjvbg kïs fubrtbs, icbgbs ug kblir ‚jtri‛ bg tu dubrpi, pimrïs
ocsircbr kïs ixëabgi y ictbgbr kïs bgbraëo bg domo dèjujo, khbgtros
qub oj khski bkpi tu dubrpi pimrï bjhkhgor ô bxpbjbr jis mbsbdeis
kbtocôjhdis kïs bdhbgtbkbgtb.

Jjbaor o bstor digsdhbgtb mb tu rbsphrodhôg


Bxhstbg mis pugtis bg jis duojbs tu dubrpi, y dig frbdubgdho tu kbgtb sb
bgdubgtrog coli prbshôg
prbshôg bxtrbko< murogtb
murogtb jo odvhmom gojhsto otjèdo
otjèdo
‛bxtrbko‛ ô duogmi bgfrbgtokis ugo bgfbrkbmom okbgozogtb poro
gubstro vhmo. Oj fokhjhorhzorgis dig jos rboddhigbs mbj dubrpi bg bstos
shtuodhigbs bxtrbkos, pimrïs dikprbgmbr kblir dôki jis eïchtis mb jo
rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb y bdhbgtb pubmbg digtrhcuhr o digtor dig kïs
bgbraëo pishvo poro tu vhmo mhorho.
Mbsmb kh hgfogdho eb okomi bj oauo, jo goturojbzo y jis mbpirtbs.
Oeiro, eb hgtbaromi jis trbs bg bj cudbi
c udbi o ug ghvbj prifbshigoj. Bj cudbi
jhcrb, sb troto mb digtbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg coli bj oauo. Pubmbs jiaror
bsti kïs fïdhjkbgtb duogmi bstïs rbjolomi y digtrijomi,
digtrijomi, ji duoj shbkprb
eb sbgmi goturoj duogmi cudbi. Digshmbri bj cudbi jhcrb diki ug
mbpirtb mb ovbgturo, gi diki ug mbpirtb bxtrbki, pbri omkhti qub
ojaugos pbrsigos ji bgdubgtrog bxtrbki.
bxtrbki. Gi icstogtb,
icstogtb, eb sbjbddhigomi
tèdghdos mb rbsphrodhôg sbauros y bdhbgtbs hgubgdhomos pir bj cudbi
jhcrb, pbri kimhdomos poro qub duojquhbro pubmo
pu bmo usorjos. Khbgtros vos
oprbgmhbgmi jos tèdghdos mb rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb, tb morïs dubgto mb
jis rbjbvogtbs
rbjbvogtbs cbgbdhis poro tu vhmo mhorho.
Mbsmb qub bro ghÿi, eb usomi vorhos tèdghdos mb rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb
bspigtïgbokbgtb, y murogtb jis üjkis mhbz oÿis, eb dikbgzomi o usor
ojaugos tèdghdos dig kïs rbbxhôg, bg okcos odvhmombs, trocologmi

PSBFODHI   ?=
 

poro ictbgbr rbdirms kugmhojbs bg cudbi jhcrb y poro kh vhmo mhorho.


Poro ipkhzor jo blbdudhôg mb èsto mhsdhpjhgo, eb proddomi yiao
rbaujorkbgtb. Jo kbto dbgtroj mbj yiao bs digtrijor jo rbsphrodhôg poro
firtojbdbr tu dubrpi y ictbgbr koyir poz bg jo kbgtb. Bj digidhkhbgti
mb mhfbrbgtbs tèdghdos mb yiao bs ugo ebrrokhbgto
ebrrokhbgto bsbgdhoj poro ictbgbr
ôpko bdhbgdho bg tu rbsphrodhôg.
rbsphrodhôg.
Ipubstokbgtb o jos tèdghdos mb digtrij kbgtoj, bs mbdhr, trocolor mbj
hgtbrhir — mb jo kbgtb oj dubrpi — bstb jhcri troto prhkbrokbgtb dig
tèdghdos mb trocoli mbsmb bj bxtbrhir digdbgtrïgmisb bg jo rbsphrodhôg —
mbsmb bj dubrpi eodho jo kbgtb. Bs fïdhj digdbgtrorsb bg jo rbsphrodhôg,
yo sbo qub sbos livbg i pbrsigo koyir, qub bstès bgfbrki i sogi, jos
tèdghdos mb rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb y bdhbgtb sig sbauros y mb eïchtis
qub pubmbg sbr blbrdhtomis y usomis fïdhjkbgtb pir duojquhbro.
Bstos tèdghdos mb rbsphrodhôg gi sig gubvos, shgi sochmurëo rbgivomo
odbrdo mb jo rbsphrodhôg mb ogauos prïddos tojbs diki bj yiao. Pir
blbkpji, bj  progoyoko — ug ospbdti tromhdhigoj mbj yiao, sb dikpigb
mb mis pojocros bg Togsdrhti. Jo prhkbro,  progo, qub shaghdo fubrzo
mb jo vhmo, y jo sbaugmo, oyoko qub shaghdo digtrij. Th bgtbgmbkis jo
rbsphrodhôg bg tèrkhgis mb fubrzo mb jo vhmo, bxhstb ugo digbxhôg bgtrb
digtrijor tu rbsphrodhôg y digtrijor jo fubrzo mb tu vhmo. Bstb digdbpti
djovb mbj progoyoko
progoyoko bs ugo mb jos hgubgdhos mbgtri mb jo mhsdushôg si -
crb bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb, bg ji qub sb rbjodhigo o jo digbxhôg o trovès mb
ugo bdhbgtb rbsphrodhôg, ji duoj bs portb mb jo cosb mb èstb jhcri.
Kh vhshôg mb jo vhmo bgb ugo pbrspbdvo eijësdo y drbi qub bj du -
brpi y jo kbgtb hguybg ugo o jo itro rbspbdvokbgtb. Mb jo khsko
kogbro, drbi qub jo abgtb mbcbrëo vhvhr bg orkigëo dig jo goturojbzo,
bg vbz mb mikhgorjo. Thai bstogmi fosdhgomi dig jis iraoghskis vhvis,
y dig durhishmom pir socbr dôki bstïg bstrudturomis y dôki fugdhi -
gog. Bstumhor chijiaëo, qub bg arhbai shaghdo ‚dhbgdho mb jo vhmo‛
vhmo‛,, fub ug
dursi goturoj poro kë, què pimrëo sbr kïs hgtbrbsogtb qub jo vhmo bg së.
Bg digsbdubgdho, ictuvb ugu g Midtiromi, Pe.M. bs mbdhr,
mbdhr, bg Fhjisio mb jo
Kbmhdhgo. Khs ogtbdbmbgtbs dhbgdis portbg mb jos dhbgdhos goturojbs
y mb jo sojum. Pir ji togti, bg bj jhcri kb rbbri o jis cbgbdhis mb jis
blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg y bj digtrij
digtrij mb jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg bg bj dubrpi y jo
kbgtb, bg ji qub digdhbrgb o jis mbpirtbs, bgfbrkbmombs y duojquhbr
itro douso.

PSBFODHI   ?2
 

Sbsphro bdhbgtbkbgtb

Domo dopëtuji bg bstb jhcri tb kistrorï dôki pubmbs rbsphror kïs


bdhbgtbkbgtb y jos vbgtolos qub pubmbs ictbgbr o trovès mb dokchis
digsdhbgtbs bg tus eïchtis mb rbsphrodhôg. Xo qub domo dopëtuji rbsojto
jis mhfbrbgtbs tbkos bg rbjodhôg o jo rbsphrodhôg, èstis pubmbg jbbrsb
mb kogbro hgmbpbgmhbgtb, pbri sbrëo kïs privbdeisi jbbr jis dopëtujis
sudbshvokbgtb.
7 Bg bj dopëtuji ugi, Sbsphrodhôg shg mbsdogsi, pimrïs rbdigidbr jis
bfbdtis mb jo rbsphrodhôg hgdigsdhbgtb y mhdujtiso mb jo vhmo mhorho.
Bstb dopëtuji sb dbgtro bg jos kogbros bg jos duojbs jo rbsphrodhôg
dojkomo y digsdhbgtb pubmb prbvbghr y digtrijor bj bstrès, y dôki
bj pbsi pubmb sbr digtrijomi o trovès mb jo rbsphrodhôg. Ombkïs, sb
bxokhgorïï jo hgubgdho qub blbrdb bj pimbr mb tu kbgtb y tu mhbto bg
bxokhgor
ug cubg bstomi shdi y kbgtoj.
kbgtoj.

7 Bj dopëtuji mis, Sbsphrodhôg girkoj, mbsdrhcb diki trocolo jo


rbsphrodhôg, y dôki ofbdto o tu dubrpi. Khbgtros kïs o figmi
bgbgmos dôki bstïg iraoghzomis tu shstbko gbrvhisi y tu dubrpi,
pimrïs dokchor kïs fïdhjkbgtb duojquhbr koj eïchti bg pitbgdho. Bg
bstb dopëtuji, oprbgmbrïs diki tu rbsphrodhôg bs rbaujomo, y dôki
tü, pir kbmhi mb bstor digsdhbgtb mb tu rbsphrodhôg, pubmbs odvor jo
portb trogquhjhzogtb mb tu shstbko gbrvhisi, b hgdrbkbgtor tu bstomi
mb chbgbstor y cubgo sojum mhorhokbgtb.

 7 Bj dopëtuji trbs, Sbsphrodhôg bgtrbgomo, pjogtbo ugo hgtrimuddhôg oj


yiao, mogmi gi üghdokbgtb jis ogtbdbmbgtbs ehstôrhdis y jisôdis
sicrb ugo cosb eijësdo,
e ijësdo, shgi tokchèg vojhisis blbrdhdhis qub pubmbs
usor poro jiaror tbgbr ugo kbgtb y dubrpi kïs sbrbgis. Oj bgtbgmbr
dôki jo rbsphrodhôg ugb jis vodëis qub bxhstbg
bxhstbg bgtrb tu shdi y tu
kbgtb, pimrïs oprbgmbr o bgtbgmbr jis kïs gis kodbs mb jo
rbsphrodhôg — ugi mb jis bjbkbgtis dbgtrojbs mbj yiao.

7 Bg bj dopëtuji duotri, Sbsphrodhôg sistbghmo, jos küjpjbs vbgtolos


mb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg, sb vijvbrïg kïs djoros. Hgdjusi, o pbsor
mb qub pubmos gi pbgsor bg bjji bg tu vhmo mhorho, jos pousos bg
tu rbsphrodhôg sig dikpjbtokbgtb goturojbs y dig frbdubgdho
bspigtïgbos. Bg progoyoko
progoyoko (rbsphrodhôg digtrijomo) jo rbsphrodhôg
sistbghmo bs pordujorkbgtb hkpirtogtb. Duogmi tb mos dubgto mb
dôki bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb dokchog y okcis sb firtojbdbg, tokchèg

PSBFODHI   ?6
 

bgtbgmbrïs dôki jos tèdghdos mb jo rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb pubmbg


sbr opjhdomos bg bj mbsorrijji pbrsigoj y bg tu vhmo mhorho.
m horho.

7 Bj dopëtuji dhgdi, Sbsphrodhôg pimbriso, mbsdrhcb jos küjpjbs


vbgtolos mb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg, osë diki jos tèdghdos mb
rbsphrodhôg, ji duoj pubmb opjhdorsb o jis mbpirtbs — bg okcis
dosis, poro blbrdhtodhôg mhorho y poro otjbtos mb ojti rbgmhkhbgti.
Kudeos mb èstos portbg mbj ughvbrsi mbj cudbi jhcrb, shg bkcorai,
sig bxdbjbgtbs poro bj usi mhorhi. Ombkïs, mbsdrhcb bxpbrhkbgtis
bxpbrhkbgtis
dig bj dirozôg, bj dbrbcri y jis pujkigbs, ji duoj kubstro blbkpjis
dhbgdis mbj pirquè ugo koyir digsdhbgdho sicrb jo rbsphrodhôg
bs tog hkpirtogtb. Bstb dopëtuji pjogtbo tèdghdos poro kbliror jo
blbdudhôg y rbsujtomis bg tu rugo mb blbrdhdhis poro kogtbgbrtb bg
firko.

 7 Bj dopëtuji Tbhs, Sbsphrodhôg tbropèudo, sbÿojo dôki pubmbs sbr


kïs sojumocjb o trov
trovès
ès mb jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb y bdhbgtb. Bstb
dopëtuji tb ifrbdb ug vojhisi digsbli sh tb bgfbrkosbs, mb dôki
pimrëos trocolor poro
poro rbdupbrortb y khghkhzor ojaugo
ojaugo bgfbrkbmom.
Kïs oüg, jo rbsphrodhôg bdhbgtb
bdhbgtb bs tokchèg ugu g ouxhjhor pitbgtb poro
prbvbghr bgfbrkbmombs.

7 Bj dopëtuji Thbtb, Sbsphrodhôg trogquhjhzogtb, mbsdrhcb dôki pubmbs


quhtor bj mijir pir kbmhi mbj firtojbdhkhbgti mb jo digbxhôg bgtrb
tu dubrpi y kbgtb, okcis o trovès mb ugo rbsphrodhôg dojkomo y
otbgto, osë diki tokchèg o trovès
trovès mbj pbgsokhbgti, hkoahgodhôg y
kbmhtodhôg pishvo. Oj dokchor tu digdbgtrodhôg bg jo rbsphrodhôg,
bj mijir porbdbrï kbgis hgtbgsi y ug rhtki dormhodi kïs rbaujor
dojkorï y gutrhrï bj dubrpi.

Drbi qub timis tbgbkis qub digtor dig ug digidhkhbgti cïshdi mb


sojvokbgti y prhkbris ouxhjhis. Osë qub, eb hgdjuhmi ug crbvb opègmhdb
sicrb rbsphrodhôg ordhoj y kosolb mb dirozôg.
Rgo vbz qub eoyokis bxpogmhmi gubstri digidhkhbgti sicrb
jos tèdghdos mb jo rbsphrodhôg, bg rbjodhôg o ug tbko bg pordujor,
hgkbmhotokbgtb pubmbs dikbgzor dig jos tèdghdos mb rbsphrodhôg
bdhbgtb. Thauhbgmi domo dopëtuji pimrïs bgdigtror ugo sbrhb mb
blbrdhdhis qub sig fïdhjbs mb rbojhzor y oj khski bkpi sig bdhbgtbs.
_ub gi tb bgaoÿb su shkpjhdhmom. Khbgtros kïs prodqubs, bstorïs
bstorïs kïs
digsdhbgtb mb jo dikpjblhmom mb domo blbrdhdhi. Bs kuy bki
bkidhigogtb
dhigogtb y
rbgomi trocolor jo rbsphrodhôg, pirqub gubvos dopos mb tu sbr hgtbrhir

PSBFODHI   ?1
 

sb vog rbvbjogmi digstogtbkbgtb.


digstogtbkbgtb. Domo vbz qub bgbs ugo bxpbrhbgdho
murogtb bj bgtrbgokhbgti duogmi bxdjokbs ¡Oe!, oprbgmbrïs ug piquhti
kïs odbrdo mb  khski y mb itros pbrsigos tokchèg. Pir bsi bs qub
bs tog mhvbrmi y fosdhgogtb trocolor dig jo digbxhôg bgtrb dubrpi y
kbgtb.
Th phbgsos qub bs pricocjbkbgtb gbdbsorhi eodbr blbrdhdhis mb
rbsphrodhôg ô kbmhtodhôg pir kbsbs ô oÿis ogtbs mb qub pubmos
bxpbrhkbgtor rbsujtomis pishvis, bstïs bquhvidomi(o). Pir kh pripho
bxpbrhbgdho y mb jo abgtb o jo qub eb bgsbÿomi, sè qub dokchis
shaghdovis pubmbg sudbmbr bg dubsôg mb khgutis, eiros ô mëos.
Bstumhis dhbgdis rbdhbgtbs, mb ebdei, kistrorig qub jo dikchgodhôg
mb jo rbjolodhôg dig bj bgtrbgokhbgti mbj dubrpi y jo kbgtb, jo
rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb, jo hkoahgodhôg y jo kbmhtodhôg kbgtoj pjbgo
rbvbjorig dokchis kbmhcjbs bg sulbtis bg jis shauhbgtbs dhgdi mëos, mb
vbhgtb khgutis mb bgtrbgokhbgti oj mëo. Jis pordhpogtbs kistrorig
kbgis tbgshôg, bstocog mb kblir eukir,
eukir, eocëog kbliromi su rbspubsto
hgkugb, osë diki kudeos kbgis eirkigos bg su sogarb rbjodhigomos
dig bj bstrès. Bg bstb jhcri bgdigtrorïs blbkpjis mb jis blbrdhdhis
mb dubrpi y kbgtb y bspbri qub kh digdbpti mb bstb trotomi mb jo
rbsphrodhôg, bj oprbgmhzolb y jo bgsbÿogzo odbrdo mb dôki rbsphrokis
tb auëb poro qub bkprbgmos tu pripho ovbgturo y bxpbrhbgdho bg bj
oprbgmhzolb mbj khski. Th quhbrbs okpjhor tu digidhkhbgti i vbr ug
vhmbi dirti dig mbkistrodhigbs mb jis blbrdhdhis qub sb prbsbgtog bs
bstb jhcri, pubmbs vhshtor kh dikughmom hgtbrgodhigoj bg jo shauhbgtb
mhrbddhôg< www.crbotebijiay.dik.
www.crbotebijiay.dik.
Gi tb prikbti qub sbrïs kïs fbjhz dig jo rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb y
bdhbgtb, pbri së tb pubmi aorogzor
aorogzor bs qub bstorïs
bstorïs kïs ojbarb, tbgmrïs
kïs bgbraëo y koyirbs rbsbrvos bg tu vhmo mhorho.

¡Mhsfruto!

Ooreus, Mbgkorn, Oaisti ?. 30?0


Ta Âvojj Tbvbrhgsbg

PSBFODHI   ?5
 

Portb H

Jo rbsphrodhôg hgdigsdhbgtb
Jo prhkbro portb troto odbrdo mb dôki gubstro rbsphrodhôg pubmb jjbaor
o sbr mhdujtiso ô bstrbsomo mbchmi o jo oahtodhôg mb jo vhmo mhorho. Kïs
oüg bxokhgo potrigbs girkojbs mb rbsphrodhôg hgdigsdhbgtb y sbÿojo
jis drhtbrhis qub pubmbs usor poro bxokhgor tus priphis eïchtis — togti
cubgis diki kojis. Bsti bs hkpirtogtb poro pimbr jjbaor o ghvbjbs mb
bgtbgmhkhbgti kïs prifugmis odbrdo mb dôki fugdhigo tu rbsphrodhôg y
dôki ofbdto tu dubrpi y tu kbgtb.
Bstb digidhkhbgti tb pbrkhrï dikprbgmbr qub pubmbs mbsorrijjor
kïs eïchtis mb rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb, jis duojbs sbrïg bxokhgomis dig
mbtbghkhbgti bg jo portb HH.
 

Sbsphrodhôg shg mbsdogsi


 

Jo vhmo mhorho oahtomo

Jo rbsphrodhôg mhorho

]u rbsphrodhôg bs ug corôkbtri eigbsti y pbrfbdtokbgtb prbdhsi mb tus


bkidhigbs. Pubmbs sbgr pir  khski dôki bj bstrès ofbdto jo fodhjhmom
y bj rhtki mb tu rbsphrodhôg, bspbdhojkbgtb jo firko bg qub hgeojos. Th
bstïs ojbrto mb bsto digmhdhôg mb tbgshôg, pubmbs ‚durortb‛ o  khski,
shkpjbkbgtb dig ugos duogtos rbsphrodhigbs digsdhbgtbs, suovb,
prifugmi y mbspodhi. Hgstogtïgbokbgtb, mbsducrhrïs ugo prifugmo poz
bg tu kbgtb. Jo rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb bs dikpjbtokbgtb bjbkbgtoj y
bxtrbkomokbgtb bdhbgtb. Prifugmos y suovbs rbsphrodhigbs tb eorïg
sbgr hgkbmhotokbgtb dôki pubmbs kogblor bj oaitokhbgti bg tu
dubrpi y tus pbgsokhbgtis ‚aojipogtbs‛, bs mbdhr, qub sojtog mb ugo
hmbo o itro, shkpjbkbgtb digtrijogmi tu rbsphrodhôg.

‚Vhvb tu pripho vhmo, yo


yo qub kirhrïs tu pripho kub
kubrtb‛
rtb‛
PSIVBSCHI SIKOGI

Ji sirprbgmbgtb mb jjbaor o bstor digsdhbgtb mb tu rbsphrodhôg, bs


qub, oj bkpi, bj shstbko gbrvhisi sb digmhdhigorï, ji duoj eorï qub
tu rbsphrodhôg sbo kïs prifugmo, kïs dojkomo y kïs orkighiso. Bj
iclbti mb bgtrbgor tu rbsphrodhôg bs bj drbor ug shstbko gbrvhisi kïs
fubrtb y kïs bstocjb y o su vbz ug kètimi mb rbsphrodhôg vbgtolisi,
tu gubvo y pripho rbsphrodhôg goturoj. Mb bsto kogbro, tu rbsphrodhôg
hgdigsdhbgtb goturoj sbrï mb cbgbdhi bg timi ji qub eoaos — yo qub tu
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg hguyb bg tu dubrpi, mbsmb jos cros mb gbrvhis kïs gos, o
timis tus ôraogis, tu primuddhôg eirkigoj b hgdjusi tus pbgsokhbgtis.
Ombkïs, murogtb jo gideb tbgmrïs jo ipirtughmom mb disbdeor jis frutis
mb tu gubvo rbsphrodhôg bg jo firko mb ug subÿi kïs prifugmi y kïs
trogquhji.
Duogmi tiki bj outicüs, bj trbg, bj obripjogi i kb pori bg ug
bjbvomir, kb miy dubgto mb dôki rbsphro jo abgtb pirqub rbvbjo kudei
mbj bstomi mb su kbgtb. Bs tokchèg hgtbrbsogtb icsbrvor diki rbsphro jo
abgtb duogmi bstïg pir hgtbgtor
hgtbgtor ojai kbgtoj i shdokbgtb
shdokbgtb mbsoogt
mbsoogtb.
b.
Khbgtros kïs pubmos oprbgmbr mb jis mbtojjbs kïs gis mb jo
rbsphrodhôg, kïs pimrïs oprbgmbr odbrdo mb jo abgtb, icsbrvïgmijis

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 32


 

o dirto mhstogdho. Duogmi bgtrbgi o itris, ji prhkbri qub cusdi bs jo


prifugmhmom, frbdubgdho y vorhodhôg mb su potrôg abgbroj mb rbsphr
rbsphrodhôg.
odhôg.
Bgsbauhmo, bxokhgi
bxokhgi dopos kïs prifugmos
prifugmos y gos mb su rbsphrodhôg.
rbsphrodhôg. Pir
blbkpji, bxprbshigbs fodhojbs, jbgauolb dirpiroj y tbgshôg kusdujor sig
portbs hkpirtogtbs mbj ‚rikpbdocbzos‛ eukogi qub sb ugb ogtb khs
ilis.
O trovès mb jis oÿis, eb mbsorrijjomi ug sbgmi mb hgtuhdhôg qub
dig frbdubgdho opugto oj bquhjhcrhi mb jo pbrsigo, bgtrb sus fodujtombs
shdos y kbgtojbs. Pordujorkbgtb, duogmi jb mhai o jo abgtb qub
sistbgaoo su rbsphrodhôg, ô duogmi
sistbga du ogmi jis bgtrbgi dig blbrdhdhis mb sistbgbr
jo rbsphrodhôg, oprbgmi kudei odbrdo mb jo digmhdhôg y dopodhmom mb
su kbgtb. Ombkïs mb qub jo abgtb oprbgmb kudei mb së khsko. Bstb
bgtrbgokhbgti bs rbojkbgtb shkpjb pbri tokchèg bfbdvi y dhbrtokbgtb
ugo mb jos kblirbs firkos mb mbsorrijji pbrsigoj, outi-digtrij,
shkpjbkbgtb pirqub gi pubmbs ‚bgaoÿor‛ o itris, gh o  khski, yo qub
gi pubmb sbr fojsbomo.
Bxodtokbgtb pir bsto rozôg, sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg bs ugi mb jis
kblirbs kètimis poro oprbgmbr rbjolodhôg y digtrij kbgtoj, oüg duogmi
pubmb sbr ug pridbsi mbkogmogtb y mbsoogtb. Gi bstiy mhdhbgmi qub
pubmi vbr dijirbs y ouros sojhbgmi mb jo abgtb, pbri dhbrtokbgtb pubmi
sbgr ug pi mb bgbraëo, pubmi bgtigdbs eodbr jo digbxhôg qub sb
rbjodhigo dig dôki bstïg jos pbrsigos y pbrdhchr sus pbgsokhbgtis, yo
qub yi khski eb posomi pir bsb pridbsi.
Jo tbgshôg bg bj dubrpi tokchèg pubmb sbr rbvbjomo o trovès mb jo
rbsphrodhôg y oj sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg, gi sôji môgmb bstï uchdomo jo
tbgshôg, shgi duïgto tbgshôg eo odukujomi jo pbrsigo bg su hgtbrhir.
Jo tbgshôg sb jidojhzo dig frbdubgdho bg jis eikcris, doro y dubjji.
Girkojkbgtb mhai, ‚tu dubjji mbcb bstor tog suovb diki kogtbquhjjo‛,
y dig frbdubgdho bsti oyumo bgsbauhmo. Mhfbrbgtbs kodbs mb dijir y
dikpjblhmombs bg jo phbj sig portb tokchèg mb kh icsbrvodhôg, yo qub
bsti rbvbjo jo dhrdujodhôg mb jo sogarb y bj ixëabgi qub digbgb jo sogarb.
Dig rbaujorhmom bsdrhci bj dïjduji y ogiti bj bkpi qub jb jjbvorëo o ugo
pbrsigo sistbgbr su rbsphrodhôg, y pir ji abgbroj gi kb posi kudei.
Bs ug lubai mhvbrmi (pir ji abgbroj poro kë) pbri jo portb fosdhgogtb
b hgtbrbsogtb bs mortb dubgto mb què togti pubmbs eodbr qub jo abgtb
ovogdb bg ug pbrhimi dirti mb bkpi. Pbqubÿis olustbs ô dirrbddhigbs
dig frbdubgdho rhgmbg arogmbs rbsujtomis, y jb pbrkhti o kh hgtuhdhôg y
kh jisio mb cijshjji priybdtorsb jhcrbkbgtb. Gi bxhstbg corrbros, bj
mbsoi bs bgdigtror
bgdigtror bj kètimi dirrbdti
dirrbdti poro jo pbrsigo bg dubsôg. Bj
pugti bs qub gi timos jos pbrsigos bgbg qub jjbaor o sbr dokpbigbs
mb cudbi jhcrb, pbri kb eodb fbjhz duogmi khs ojukgis sb digvhbrtbg bg

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 36


 

‚dokpbigbs kugmhojbs‛ bg rbsphror dirrbdtokbgtb, pirqub sè duogti


jbs oyumorï poro bj rbsti mb sus vhmos bg rbjodhôg o usor su dubrpi y su
kbgtb.
Jo eochjhmom mb rbjolorsb o pripôshti
p ripôshti,, supbror ô bvhtor dikpjbtokbgtb
dikpjbtokbgtb
bj bstrès y bj kbliromi digtrij kbgtoj y mb digogzo sig migbs qub
gis oyumog bg timis jis ospbdtis mb jo vhmo. Eb pimhmi icsbrvor bsti
djorokbgtb domo vbz qub eb bstomi trocologmi dig otjbtos mb ojti
rbgmhkhbgti, abrbgtbs mb gbaidhis, abgtb rbromo, ghÿis, mhsdopodhtomis,
rbgmhkhbgti,
ô pbrsigos bgfbrkos.

‚]us blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg ocrhbrig ug gubvi kugmi poro kë.


Bj odti mb dbrrorkb oj kugmi, y dikbgzor o bstor mbgtri mb kë
khski y kh rbsphrodhôg bs dikpjbtokbgtb üghdi. Gugdo ogtbs
eocëo bxpbrhkbgtomi toj dojko y bquhjhcrhi. Mbsmb bgtigdbs, eoai
usi mbj khski pridbsi mhorhokbg
mhorhokbgtb.
tb. ]ogti bg jis mbpirtbs diki
bg kh bgtrbgokhbgti, migmb digdbgtri timi bj ixëabgi o timos jos
cros kusdujorbs y tokchèg duogmi kb bgdubgtri coli prbshôg bg
bj trocoli y gbdbshti tikor mbdhshigbs rïphmos, jos duojbs pubmbg
abgbror arogmbs digsbdubgdhos bdigôkhdos. Bg vbz mb rbsphror dig
jo portb supbrhir mb khs pujkigbs, kb rbdorai eodho otrïs y rbsphri
eodho ocoli eosto khs phbrgos — bgtigdbs diggüi. Jo rbsphrodhôg bs
ugo ebrrokhbgto kuy hkpirtogtb poro kogtbgbr bj bstrès o royo.‛

Deorjib Bhsbgeormt, 42 oÿis


Abrbgtb mb Digstruddhôg mb GDD Digstrudig Mhgokordo O/T

Ohrb frbsdi

Digshmbro diki pubmbs usor i gi usor chbg tu rbsphrodhôg domo mëo.


Sbsphro opriphomokbgtb y ocrb jo vbgtogo pir ugis duogtis khgutis
bg tu idhgo i bg tu doso, osë bj ohrb frbsdi pimrï ojdogz
ojdogzor
or tus pujkigbs.
Gubvos hgvbsaodhigbs bg Lopôg y Dirbo kubstrog dôki rbojkbgtb
bj ohrb puri pubmb hgdrbkbgtor jo bfbdvhmom kbgtoj mb ug ?0 o ug
30%. Jo abgtb shkpjbkbgtb jjbvo o doci sus torbos prïddos kblir y
su kbkirho tokchèg kbliro. Osë qub vojb jo pbgo pigbr otbgdhôg o bj
kbmhi okchbgtb hgtbrhir qub jb rimbo, tojbs diki, jo tbkpbroturo, bj
ghvbj mb eukbmom, bj gükbri mb pjogtos vbrmbs, bj pijvi, btd. ¹_uhèg
gi eo bxpbrhkbgtomi bj sbgrsb pbsomi y dogsomi mb dubrpi y kbgtb
mbspuès mb ug jorai mëo mb trocoli bg ugo idhgo dig bj okchbgtb
sifidomi9 Vo bg mbtrhkbgti mb tu sojum y mb tu vhmo prhvomo, osë diki
bj mb jo bdigikëo mb tu dbgtri
d bgtri mb trocoli. Diki abrbgtb, bs digfirt
digfirtogtb
ogtb

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 31


 

Bj ohrb puri y jo juz hgdrbkbgtog bj ghvbj mb bgbraëo mhorho.

socbr qub shkpjbkbgtb olustogmi jos digmhdhigbs okchbgtojbs, sb


pubmb hgdrbkbgtor bj ghvbj mb sojum y mb primudvhmom.
Rg bstumhi rbojhzomi pir jo M]R ‚Rghvbrshmom ]èdghdo Mogbso‛,
kistrô qub bsti tokchèg bs dhbrti poro jis bstumhogtbs mogbsbs mb ghvbj
prhkorho bg prikbmhi, quhbgbs phbrmbg ug oÿi bgtbri mb bmudodhôg bg
tèrkhgis mb primudvhmom mbchmi o jos picrbs digmhdhigbs okchbgtojbs.
Bg digsbdubgdho, eoy ug prbdhi qub sb poao pir gi tikor bg dubgto
jos digmhdhigbs okchbgtojbs hgtbrhirbs, ohrb frbsdi y ugo rbsphrodhôg
opriphomo poro okcos disos jo sojum y bj oprbgmhzolb.
O vbdbs, pubmb sbr vbrmombrokbgtb
vbrmombrokbgtb opriphomi sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg,
sh sb bgdubgtro ugi mbtrïs mbj euki qub bxpbjb ug outicüs ô ug dokhôg,
bs bg èstb dosi jo diso kïs goturoj mbj kugmi oauogtor jo rbsphrodhôg.
Kudeis drbbg qub bsti bs jjbvor jos disos kuy jblis, pbri duogmi
digshmbros jo dogmom mb pordujos digtokhgogtbs o jos qub bstokis
bxpubstis bg jos dhumombs timis jis mëos, gi sb troto mb ugo jiduro. Bg
jis Bstomis Rghmis, jo iraoghzodhôg ‚Djbog Ohr ]osn Firdb (DO]F) bs mbdhr
Fubrzo bg jos ]orbos
]orbos poro kogtbgbr
kogtbgbr bj Ohrb Puri pucjhdô bj rbpirtb
rbpirtb ‚Gi

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 35


 

bsdopb‛ bg 3001, bskogmi qub bj euki mbj mhbsbj koto ojrbmbmir mb


3?,000 pbrsigos domo oÿi bg jis Bstomis Rghmis, y kïs tormb mbdjororig
qub oj kbgis 10,000 okbrhdogis oj oÿi eocëog rbdirtomi su bkpi mb
vhmo mbchmi o jos pordujos mbj
mb j mhbsbj bxpbjhmi.
Kïs oüg, jis dhbgdis vhgdujog sbrhis hkpodtis o jo sojum tojbs diki
bj osko, mhsrupdhôg mbj rhtki girkoj mbj dirozôg, otoqubs dormëodis,
hgfortis y dïgdbr mb pujkôg oj euki mbj mhbsbj.
O pbsor mb qub gis rbëkis duogmi vbkis o jis lopigbsbs y o jis
dehgis pir tbjbvhshôg usogmi kïsdoros pir jos dojjbs mb arogmbs dhumombs
oshïdos, pubmb qub gi sbo mbj timi tog rhmëduji.

Jo rbsphrodhôg qub rbvbjo

Gubstro rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg bstï tog mbjhdomokbgtb
m bjhdomokbgtb ogomo, qub pubmb rbblor
gubstro sojum pbrsigoj, pir ji togti, gis rbvbjo duïjbs fodtirbs bg
gubstri kbmhi okchbgtb gis ofbdtog gbaovokbgtb.
gbaovokbgtb. Duojquhbr pbrsigo
sbgshcjb socb qub jos arogmbs dogmombs mb ojdieij, dikhmo arosiso, jo
hgodvhmom y bj bstrès mhorhi gi kblirog gubstro sojum.

‚Duogmi jo rbsphrodhôg bs hrrbaujor


h rrbaujor,, jo kbgtb mbokcujo> duogmi jo rbsphrodhôg
bs digstogtb,
digstogtb, tokchèg ji bs jo kbgtb. PoroPoro ojdogzor jo digstogdho, bj yiah
eocrï mb rbstrhgahr su rbsphrodhôg.‛
EO]EO XIAO PSOMHPHNO

]bgbkis qub hgmoaor kïs o prifugmhmom poro bgtbgmbr pirquè ug


bsji mb vhmo tog pidi goturoj y pidi sojumocjb sb eo digvbrmi bg
jo girko. ]oj vbz sbo jo prbaugto kïs hkpirtogtb mb gubstri bkpi
y bj kïs arogmb khstbrhi. Mbcbkis bgtbgmbr què bs ji qub sodo o
gubstri dubrpi mb bquhjhcrhi, jo kbgtb y bj ojko gis bkpulog eodho jo
mhrbddhôg bquhvidomo y ¹pir què bs bsti osë9 Gubstro rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg rbblo
jo shtuodhôg mb gubstro vhmo, gubstris sbgkhbgtis, y gis pbrkhtb mb
kogbro digsdhbgtb bgtror bg jis kïs prifugmis rbdbsis mb gubstro
dikpjblo kbgtb. Diki kbgdhigè ogtbrhirkbgtb, tu rbsphrodhôg bs ug
corôkbtri mb tu digmhdhôg, jo duoj rbvbjo sh bstïs drbdhbgmi ô gi, pbri
bxhab qub jo bsdudebs.
Bg bj Ogaui ]bkpji
]bkpji mb Opiji bstïg hgsdrhtos jos pojocros ‚Digôdbtb
o  khski‛. Jo rbsphrodhôg bs jo kblir ebrrokhbgto poro jiaror bj outi-
digidhkhbgti,, yo qub ugb jo crbdeo bgtrb bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb.
digidhkhbgti
Pimbkis ujhzor gubstro rbsphrodhôg poro hguhr bg gubstro sojum
shdo y kbgtoj mhorhokbgtb bg ug aromi koyir oj qub kudeis drbbg.

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 38


 

Bj posi shauhbgtb bs icvhi, bs vbr kïs mb dbrdo, bs vbr dôki pubmbs


kogblor bj bstrès o trovès mb jo rbsphrodhôg.

¹_uè bs bj bstrès9

Eodb 20 oÿis gomhb ‚sufrëo‛ mb bstrès. Gi sb mbcb o qub bj bstrès gi


bxhsbro, shgi pirqub bj tèrkhgi gi sb eocëo oduÿomi. Poro pimbr
bgtbgmbr y kogblor bj bstrès, sb gbdbshto tbgbr djori ji qub bj tèrkhgi
ocordo. Jo pojocro bstrès sb osidho pir ji abgbroj dig ojai gi pjodbgtbri,
pjodbgtbri,
hgmbsbocjb, pbjharisi. Sbsujto pricjbkïdi qub jo pojocro fugdhigb
diki ugo dolo gbaro, jjbgo mb timo djosb mb ‚kojbs‛ pirqub tokchèg
bxhstbg
bxhstbg ocugmogtbs firkos mb bstrès pishvos y cubgos.
c ubgos.

‚Thg bstrès, gi eocrëo vhmo‛


EOGT TBJXB

Bj bquhjhcrhi goturoj hgtbrgi bg eukogis sb mbgikhgo eikbistoshs. Jo


pojocro sb irhahgo mbj arhbai (eikbi< hauoj/shkhjor y stoshs< bstocjb), y
mbsdrhcb ug bquhjhcrhi shijôahdi iraoghzomi bg ug shstbko ochbrti, pir
blbkpji< ug dubrpi i ugo dèjujo. ]imi oqubjji qub soqub oj dubrpi mb
su bquhjhcrhi bs bstrès. Oj khski bkpi, jis pridbsis qub rbstourog bj
bquhjhcrhi tokchèg sig bstrès. Pimrëo mbdhrsb qub bj bstrès bs ug pridbsi
bjïsdi qub dikpbgso y olusto, y qub bstb pridbsi rbaujotirhi eo shmi
rbdhbgtbkbgtb gikcromi ‚ojjistoshs ‛. Ojji vhbgb mbj arhbai y shaghdo
‚vorhocjb‛. Bj rogai mb pishcjbs bstomis, jis duojbs ahrog ojrbmbmir mb
jo eikbistoshs bs bgtigdbs dousomi pir kbdoghskis ojistïdis. Bstis
kbdoghskis kogbgbg jo bstochjhmom khbgtros jis dokchis sudbmbg.
Vbokis ugo shtuodhôg phdo< Th tü, mb rbpbgtb dirrbs ug por mb kbtris,
ugo rbspubsto ojistïdo dikbgzorï hgkbmhotokbgtb. Sbsphros kïs
rïphmokbgtb y tu pujsi hgdrbkbgto — bstïs bxpbrhkbgtogmi bstrès. Bstb
pi mb bstrès bs pishvi y gbdbsorhi, pirqub dikpbgso bj oukbgti bg
bj digsuki mb ixëabgi qub ocostbdb
ocostbdb jo sogarb. ]og prigti diki mblos
mb dirrbr tu rbsphrodhôg colo, tu pujsi y tu prbshôg sogauëgbo colog mb
gubvi. Bsto rbspubsto ojistïdo
ojistïdo rbstouro bj bquhjhcrhi pirqub tu dubrpi
yo gi rbquhbrb
rbquhbrb ug pujsi digstogtbkbgtb
digstogtbkbgtb bjbvomi.
bjbvomi. Osë qub, o trovès
trovès mbj
‚bstrès‛
‚bs très‛ sb kogbgb bj bquhjhcrhi.
Mis pugtis prhgdhpojbs pimbkis oprbgmbr mb bstb blbkpji. Prhkbri
Prhkbri,,
ug bstrès bfbdvi, kimbromi, tbkpiroj bs pishvi bg bj juaor y bj
bkpi dirrbdti. Pigb o tu shstbko bg ug bstomi mb ojbrto y jhsti poro
bgdigtrorgis dig gubvis mbsois. Thg bkcorai, duogmi bj bstrès bs

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 40


 

prijigaomi y kuy bxtrbki


bxtrbki,, sb vubjvb gbaovi. Bj dubrpi sb vhbgb
ocoli y sb mbtbrhiro, jo digmhdhôg qub digidbkis diki bstrès drôghdi.
Bj bstrès drôghdi bs pbjharisi, hgmbsbocjb y pricocjbkbgtb bj pi mb
bstrès bg bj duoj phbgsos duogmi iybs bso pojocro. Bsto digmhdhôg bs
tokchèg digidhmo diki sicrbdorao ojistïdo, bj shstbko eo shmi
shkpjbkbgtb jjbvomi kïs ojjï mb su dopodhmom, diki ugo jhao qub
rbvhbgto. Bj kbdoghski ojistïdi qub irhahgojkbgtb eo shmi mhsbÿomi
poro pritbabrtb oeiro sb tirgo mbstrudvi.
Bj sbaugmi pugti hkpirtogtb qub pubmbs oprbgmbr mb bstb blbkpji
bg ug dirti pjozi bs qub pubmbs hguhr bg tu bstrès o trovès mb jo
rbsphrodhôg. Bstb digidhkhbgti bs üj pirqub tu rbsphrodhôg bs ugo
hgdrbëcjb ebrrokhbgto ojistïdo mhsbÿomo poro rbaujor tu bstrès. Jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg dojkomo y digtrijomo jjbvorï
jjbvorï o tu dogsomi dubrpi y dbrbcri
mb rbarbsi oj pugti mb pormo — eikbistoshs bg pbrfbdti bquhjhcrhi,
diki ug joai trogsporbgtb bg ug mëo mb vbrogi.

Jis kbdoghskis mbtrïs mbj bstrès

Bj bstrès bs bj rbsujtomi mb dhrdugstogdhos qub ofbdtog tu bquhjhcrhi


hgtbrgi. Bj bstrès pishvi bs oqubj qub bgfrbgto jo rbshstbgdho y jis
mbsois, y pir ji togti vo drbogmi drbdhkhbgti y pritbddhôg sojumocjb
poro tu shstbko. Bsto bs jo firko bg qub mbsorrijjos küsduji — pidi o
pidi. Mb jo khsko kogbro pubmbs blbrdhtor tu dbrbcri y kogtbgbrji o
tigi. Bg digtrostb, bj bstrès gbaovi oaito y mbstruyb, diki rbsujtomi
bj shstbko shkpjbkbgtb ‚sb mbsdorrhjo‛.
Pbri ¹dôki sb vb bj bstrès y què bs ji qub ji odvo bg bj dubrpi9 Bj
bstrès uso bj shstbko gburibgmidrhgi, ji duoj hkpjhdo qub fugdhigo o
trovès
trov ès mb kbgsolbs gbrvhisis qub sig ofbdtomis
ofbdtomis pir gubstros ajïgmujos
primudtiros mb eirkigos. Bj bskuji mbj bxtbrhir, osë diki mbj hgtbrhir
pubmb hghdhor bj bstrès. Bj dbrbcri y bj dubrpi trocolog lugtis poro
rboddhigor o jis dokchis — shdi, pshdijôahdi ô okcis.
Bj bstrès pshdijôahdi,
pshdijôahdi, osë diki bj bstrès shdi hgfrhgahmi pir ugo ebrhmo
ô tog siji pir dirrbr, sb mhvhmb bg vorhis bstomis tbkpirojbs. Bstis
bstomis sig odikpoÿomis
odikpoÿomis mb digmhdhigbs tojbs diki diki kbmho mbprbshôg,
ogshbmom, bgili y eosto eisjhmom. Itris fodtirbs mb bstrès pshdijôahdis
tojbs diki jos digmhdhigbs bg bj trocoli, bg jo doso, jo shtuodhôg gogdhbro
pbrsigoj ô jo vhmo mhorho pubmbg rbfbrhrsb
rbfbrhrsb diki bstrès pshdijôahdi y dig
frbdubgdho sig mb goturojbzo
goturojbzo drôghdo.
Duojquhbro qub sbo jo rozôg mbj bstrès, tu rboddhôg eodho èj
bs prbmikhgogtbkbgtb aicbrgomo pir mis dikpjblis shstbkos

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 4?


 

eirkigojbs. Bstis shstbkos sbdrbtog omrbgojhgo y dirsij . Jo omrbgojhgo


trocolo rïphmi y bs ‚jo eirkigo mb jo sicrbvhvbgdho‛ mbj dubrpi. Th pir
blbkpji, bstos pir dobrtb, ror ojai i osustortb, pubmbs sbgr dirrbr jo
omrbgojhgo pir tu dubrpi. Bj dirsij, pir itri jomi, bgb ugo sbdrbdhôg
rbtormomo mbspuès mbj bvbgti bstrbsogtb. Bgtigdbs, jos mis eirkigos
sbdrbtog bg mhfbrbgtbs kikbgtis bg rbjodhôg oj ghvbj mb bstrès. Okcos
dousog mbsaostb bg bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb, sh bstïg prbsbgtbs bg ojtos
digdbgtrodhigbs bg jo sogarb mb kogbro digstogtb. Th jis shstbkos
eirkigojbs bstïg coli prbshôg pir ug pbrhimi bxtbgsi pubmbg
bvbgtuojkbgtb ‚mbsotorsb‛- jjbvogmi oj bstrès, mbprbshôg, pshdishs y
itris mbsôrmbgbs kbgtojbs, ombkïs mb jo bgfbrkbmom shdo.

Jo dogmom mb bstrès qub sb gbdbshto poro odvor jo rbspubsto mb


bstis shstbkos vorëo mb pbrsigo o pbrsigo. Jis oghkojbs osë diki jis
eukogis qub eog shmi drbomis bg jo hgsbaurhmom y bg ug okchbgtb mb
hgdbrmukcrb, bjhabg ugo rbspubsto kïs fubrtb oj bstrès poro kbgauor o
jis bstrbsirbs
bstrbsirbs qub oqubjjis qub
q ub eog shmi drbomis bg okchbgtbs bstocjbs
y sbauris. Jos pbrsigos qub sufrbg
sufrbg bstrès drôghdi
drôghdi bgbg ugo rboddhôg
kïs fubrtb, poro kbgauor bj bstrès bstis hgmhvhmuis dig frbdubgdho
bstïg kïs mbprhkhmis i sig kïs oarbshvis, o douso mb sus colis ghvbjbs
mb sbritighgo, jo sbritighgo bs ugo eirkigo qub gis kogbgb mb cubg
eukir.. Bsti tokchèg bs vbrmom bg podhbgtbs qub sufrbg mb mbprbshôg, ji
eukir
duoj bg kudeis kikbgtis pubmb sbr dousomo pir bj bstrès. Bg ojaugis
mb bstis dosis jo kbmhdhgo ogmbprbshvo sb prbsdrhcb poro oyumor o
suchr bj ghvbj mb sbritighgo bg bstis podhbgtbs.
Gi bs mb sirprbgmbrsb qub kudeo abgtb sufro mb bstrès bg bstb
kugmi qub dokcho tog rïphmokbgtb. Bg gubstro oprbsuromo sidhbmom
kimbrgo sikis bxtrbkomokbgtb
bxtrbkomokbgtb rodhigojbs y ogojëdis bg ug ghvbj ojti
hgtbjbdtuoj, pbri jo dikpjblhmom y jo hgdbrmukcrb mb jo vhmo gis
g is bstrbso
y gis frustro. Jis tbjèfigis kôvhjbs ogmog pir timis jomis timi bj mëo
b hgdrbkbgtog jos mbkogmos mb primudvhmom bg bj trocoli, bg jo doso,
bg jos vododhigbs, bg jis djucbs mbpirvis abgbrojkbgtb douso bstrès
pirqub gubstros bxpbdtovos
bxpbdtovos y jos mb itris mb gisitris
g isitris khskis pubmbg
sbr hrrbojbs b hrrodhigojkbgtb ojtos. Duogmi bstis fodtirbs mb bstrès
pshdijôahdis sb dikchgog dig ugo rbsphrodhôg hgbdhbgtb ugo mhbto gi
sogo y kuy pidi blbrdhdhi,
blbrdhdhi, bj rbsujtomi bs ug shstbko vujgbrocjb
vujgbrocjb bg bj
duoj o vbdbs ‚mb ug siji aijpb sb pubmb rikpbr jo bspojmo mbj dokbjji‛.
dokbjji‛.
 Mbchmi o qub tu bsji mb vhmo i tu ojto dorao mb trocoli pubmbg sbr
mhdhjbs mb dokchor, bs mb cbgbdhi cusdor itros firkos mb kogblor tu

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 43


 

bstrès. Ofirtugomokbgtb bj bstrès pubmb kogblorsb bg kudeos itros


firkos osë qub bstb trotomi mb jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg ifrbdb ug dokhgi
dokhgi qub
eb bgdigtromi bg kh pripho vhmo. Jo dorao mb trocoli pir sh khsko gi
gbdbsorhokbgtb gis digmudb oj bstrès. Thg bkcorai bg kikbgtis
hkprbmbdhcjbs sb mbtigog jos fodujtombs eirkigojbs mbj dbrbcri. Th
omiptos ugo bstrotbaho mhfbrbgtb
mhfbrbgtb bg tu rboddhôg y ujhzos jos dopodhmombs
drbovos b hgtuhvos, kudeis pricjbkos pubmbg sbr vhstis diki mbsois
hgtbrbsogtbs y gubvos sijudhigbs mb rbpbgtb dikhbgzog o oporbdbr. Bs
ugo kogbro üj y trocolocjb mb jhmhor dig tu bstrès, y ofirtugomokbgtb
pubmbs bgtrbgor tèdghdos qub bskujog bstb dokchi bg jo rbspubsto.
Sbdigidbr diki sb shbgtb bj bstrès bs bj prhkbr posi poro dokchor tu
rbspubsto oj bstrès.

¹Dôki sb shbgtb bj bstrès9

Bj bstrès bs jo kogbro qub bj dubrpi tb mhdb qub gbdbshtos ug mbsdogsi

y bs
Xi¡bxtrbkomokbgtb
¡bxtrbkomokbg tb hkpirtogtb
eb sufrhmi mb bstrès bsdudeorji!
drôghdi mis vbdbs bg kh vhmo, okcis bphsimhis
bstocog rbjodhigomis o bvbgtis pbrsigojbs hrrodhigojkbgtb ojtis y
mbkogmogtbs (primuddhigbs jkhdos ojrbmbmir mbj kugmi oj khski
bkpi qub bgtrbgoco poro hgtbgtor ug rbdirm kugmhoj y qub trocoloco
bg kh priybdti mb midtiromi). Diki rbsujtomi mis mb khs hgtbgtis
poro bj rbdirm kugmhoj fojjorig (3003 y 300=) y pir ji abgbroj gi fojji
bg jiaror khs kbtos. Mbsmb bgtigdbs gi eb tbghmi bstrès, y eb aogomi
timis jis dokpbigotis kugmhojbs bg jos dikpbtbgdhos qub kb ji eb
pripubsti.
Khs sëgtikos mb bstrès drôghdi brog hgdigfugmhcjbs< khromo mhvoaomo,
pbgsokhbgtis hgdiebrbgtbs, fojto mb bgfiqub, sikgijbgdho, pbrmhmo
mbj opbti, foao, sbgkhbgti mb hgfbjhdhmom, toquhdormho pir jorais
pbrhimis murogtb bj mëo y jo gideb, mijir ocmikhgoj, hgmhabsôg,
sumirodhôg gidturgo btd. Duogmi sb bs icsgomi diki yi y sb jjbao tog
jblis, yo gi bs sojumocjb.
Ofirtugomokbgtb sojë chbg jhcromi mb okcos hgdhmbgdhos y oeiro sè
o ji qub gi mbci bxpigbrkb. Eb kbliromi bg mbdhr ‚gi‛. Bj ebdei mb
eocbr oprbgmhmi mb bsto muro jbddhôg kb pbrkhtb oeiro bstor bg ugo
pishdhôg bg jo qub mbsmb bsto, pubmi dikprbgmbr o itris qub sufrbg
mb bstrès. Duogmi miy ugo digfbrbgdho bg ojaugo dikpoÿëo y eocji mbj
kogbli mbj bstrès kb shbgti fbjhz mb eocbr pimhmi bxpbrhkbgtorji bg
dorgb pripho y gi siji jbbrji bg ug jhcri.

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 44


 

¡Digtrijo tu bstrès!

Eiy bg mëo bj bstrès eo mbsorrijjomi ug fbgôkbgi pipujor y


oprixhkomokbgtb ugi mb domo duotri bkpjbomis sufrb mb bstrès. Bs
mhdhj drbbr qub eo jjbaomi tog jblis, y bg kudeos idoshigbs bj bstrès
pubmb sbr dousomi pir bj ebdei mb qub bstos pbrsigos drbbg
drbbg qub bgbg
bstrès, ji duoj mhdhègmiji mb ojaüg kimi bs ug pi mb bstrès pir sh
khski. Bj bstrès mbchmi o qub drbbs qub bgbs bstrès gi bs ugo cosb
rboj y bs bg rbojhmom ugo fojto mb drbmhchjhmom odbrdo mb gubstro pripho
eochjhmom y mb gubstros kbtos qub sig ojtokbgtb hrrbojbs.
Mis bjbkbgtis djovbs bg jo goturojbzo eukogo gis sbporo mb jis
oghkojbs< jos eochjhmombs diagisdhvos (pbgsokhbgtis y digdbpdhigbs
mb gubstro bxhstbgdho y gubstro pripho hkoabg) y jo eochjhmom mb
digshmbror bj futuri y eodbr pjogbs sicrb bj. Jo sbaugmo eochjhmom gis
eodb pishcjb prbpororgis poro dokchis bg bj futuri, yo sbog prbmbdhcjbs
i hkprbmbdhcjbs. Mbsofirtugomokbgtb,
Mbsofirtugomokbgtb, tokchèg gis crhgmo jo eochjhmom
mb prbiduporgis pir jis bvbgtis futuris hgdjusi bvbgtis qub lokïs
idurrhrïg. Drbi qub bs ugo dikchgodhôg mb gubstros prbidupodhigbs y
mb jo hgdbrmukcrb mb jo vhmo qub gis bstrbso kïs eiy bg mëo qub ugo
hrrboj b hrrodhigoj dorao mb trocoli.
Jo otbgdhôg qub eo rbdhchmi bj bstrès bg jo üjko mèdomo bgb ug
micjb vojir, pishvi y gbaovi. Bj ebdei mb qub bj bstrès sbo tikomi
sbrhokbgtb bs pishvi pirqub gi bs ugo dihgdhmbgdho ji qub eo rbvbjomi
ug bstumhi mogès mb m b qub jis mijirbs mb docbzo, kharoÿos, y mbsôrmbgbs
mbj subÿi sb eoyog mupjhdomi bg jis üjkis vbhgtb oÿis, jo portb
gbaovo bs qub pubmbs mb sufrhr bstrès shkpjbkbgtb pir pbgsor bg èj,
yo sbo qub ‚bj pbjhari ‚¡sbo hgkhgbgtb i gi!
Xo qub bj bstrès osë diki jis fodtirbs qub sucyodbg bg èj, sig ugo portb
goturoj b hgbvhtocjb mb gubstros vhmos, gi ji pimbkis bvomhr. Gubstro
dojhmom abgbroj mb vhmo, jo sojum shdo, b hgdjusi jo jigabvhmom mbpbgmbg
mb gubstro dopodhmom mb digtrijor bj bstrès. Kïs y kïs dursis mbj
kogbli mbj bstrès sb ifrbdbg o bkpjbomis osë diki o mbsbkpjbomis, sb
eo mbkistromi qub oqubjjis quhbgbs bstïg mbsbkpjbomis bstïg kudei
kïs bstrbsomis
bstrbsomis qub duogmi bstuvhbrig prbvhokbgtb
prbvhokbgtb idupomis,
idupomis, yo qub
jo drhshs mb hmbgmom y bj sbgkhbgti mb gi dukpjhr dig jis rbquhshtis
sig fubrtbs fodtirbs mb bstrès pshdijôahdi.
Xi gi eb tikomi ug dursi mbj kogbli mbj bstrès pbri drbi qub jis du
dursis
rsis
qub ifrbdbg sig mbkoshomi tbôrhdis. Gi drbi qub bstb sbo ug bgfiqub
bfbdvi pirqub bs mhdhj quhtorsb jis pbgsokhbgtis
pbg sokhbgtis odbrdo mbj bstrès. Bs
pishcjb usor kïs pbgsokhbgtis poro dokchor jis pbgsokhbgtis, pbri
dhbrtokbgtb dikpjhdomi. Drbi qub ugo sijudhôg prïddo y proakïdo

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 4=


 

Jo odvhmom shdo bs bxdbjbgtb digtro bj bstrès kbgtoj.

qub bstè sustbgtomo bg ug odti mb rbsphrodhôg digshbgtb gis morï


ug koyir bfbdti. Jo abgtb qub sufrb mb bstrès shkpjbkbgtb gbdbshto
oddhigbs shdos digdrbtos poro dokchor su digmhdhôg kbgtoj.
Gi sè mb itro ebrrokhbgto
ebrrokhbgto kïs bfbdvo qub tu rbsphrodhôg,
rbsphrodhôg, dikchgomo
dig jo rbjolodhôg y jo kbmhtodhôg. Diki ji rbvbjorï bstb jhcri, bstis sig
pugtis drudhojbs bg rbjodhôg oj digtrij kbgtoj pirqub sig kètimis
fïdhjbs y togahcjbs poro bskujor portbs mbj shstbko gbrvhisi dbgtroj
jos duojbs rbaujog jo trogquhjhmom. Oj khski bkpi, oqubjjos portbs
mbj shstbko gbrvhisi qub dousog bstrès sig hgehchmos. O digguodhôg
bgdigtrorïs ugo dirto jhsto mb suabrbgdhos mb blbrdhdhis bspbdëdis,
jis duojbs pubmbs blbdutor poro quhtor bj bstrès y kbliror tu bstomi mb
chbgbstor.

Bj shauhbgtb priaroko bs ugo crbvb jhsto mb suabrbgdhos mb blbrdhdhis


bspbdëdis, jis duojbs pubmbs rbojhzor poro ojhvhor tu bstrès y kbliror tu
ghvbj mb chbgbstor.

?. Sbjolodhôg mhorho — Mbsdogsi, kbmhtodhôg, hkoahgodhôg, rbsphrodhigbs


jbgtos prifugmos, bxeojodhôg jbgto.
3. Blbrdhdhi vorhis vbdbs pir sbkogo — Dokhgor, dirrbr, gomor, btd.
4. Bsdudeor küshdo — küshdo trogquhjhzogtb i ojbarb, ji duoj crhgmo

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 42


 

cubgos vhcrodhigbs.
=. Sbërsb — Pirqub bxbgmb bj mhofroako y jhcbro jo tbgshôg bg bj pjbxi
sijor ug dbgtri mb tbgshôg kojo.
2. Eodbr ojai qub tb austb. ]ikor ugo dokhgoto pir bj cisqub, hr o
pbsdor, mhsfrutor ug kikbgti ëgki, vbr ugo cubgo pbjëdujo, vhshtor
o tus okhais i bsdrhchr ugo dorto.
6. Phbgso pishvi — Bj vosi shbkprb bsto kbmhi jjbgi.
1. ¡Mhsfruto bj ebdei mb qub bstos vhvi y sè oarombdhmi!
Eodb ug por mb oÿis itri kètimi mb digtrij mb bstrès sb drbô bg Bstomis
Rghmis ug oporoti jjokomi ‚TtrbssBrosbr‛, bs mbdhr, cirromir mb bstrès.
Bstb oporoti trocolo pir kbmhi mb shkpjbkbgtb dijidor tu mbmi bg ug
sbgsir mb pujsi. Bg ug kightir omlugti tü pubmbs icsbrvor diki tu
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g mbcbrëo trocolor poro jiaror ug ôpki bstomi mb rbjolodhôg
bg bj dubrpi y bj dbrbcri, bstb ortbfodti gi siji khmb tu pujsi shgi
tokchèg mbtojjbs kuy gis mbj trocoli mbj dirozôg, jjokomi Vorhochjhmom
mb jo Frbdubgdho Dormhodo (VFD), bsto kbmhdhôg rbblo jos ojtbrodhigbs
bgtrb jomi y jomi mbj dirozôg.
Bj fbgôkbgi VFD sb mbsducrhô bg Susho y bs dikpjbtokbgtb
dikpjbtokbgtb gubvi bg
jo dhbgdho kimbrgo. Thg bkcorai,
bkcorai, bg yiao bs dikpjbtokbgtb cïshdi. Bg
pordujor, jo portb mbj yiao qub sb mbgikhgo progoyoko sb bgfido bg
digtrijor jo rbsphrodhôg.
rbsphrodhôg. Ji hmboj, bs qub trotbs mb olustor tu rbsphrodhôg
poro qub togti tu hgeojodhôg diki tu bxeojodhôg shaog ug rhtki mb
duotri jomis, bstb rhtki bs kuy rbjologtb. Bg ug blbrdhdhi fugmokbgtoj
mb progoyoko, sb micjo bj bkpi mb bxeojodhôg, bstb rhtki jbgti mb
rbsphrodhôg bgb ug bgirkb bfbdti dojkogtb bg tu shstbko gbrvhisi.
Bstb blbrdhdhi tokchèg rbmudb jos portbs ehpbrodvos mb tu shstbko
gbrvhisi qub sig dorodtbrësdos
dorodtbrësdos mbj bstrès. Mb bsto kogbro tu tijbrogdho
oj bstrès sb hgdrbkbgto togti shdo diki kbgtojkbgtb.
‚TtrbssBrosbr‛ bs ug primudti cubgi y chbg pbgsomi, ifrbdb ug
blbkpji bxdbjbgtb mb ebrrokhbgto üj qub surahô mb jo fushôg mb khj
oÿis mb jisio irhbgtoj y jo tbdgijiaëo kimbrgo.
Gi siy mb ghgaugo kogbro bsdèpdi bg duogti o bstb ortbfodti pbri
diki cuzi jhcrb, bstiy odistukcromi o ug bgfiqub kudei kïs shkpjb y
prïddi y pir bgmb bgmi o bvhtor hgstrukbgtis tèdghdis tog dikpjblis.
Bj vëgduji bgtrb tu rbsphrodhôg y tus jomis mbj dirozôg bs shg mumo kïs
prïddi y tb ifrbdb ugo koyir sbgshchjhmom mb tu dubrpi.
Itro bxdbjbgtb kogbro mb kogblor bj bstrès bs o trovès mb jo
Sbsphrodhôg sistbghmo. Oj mor jo hgstruddhôg dirrbdto bj jjokomi rbbli
mb cudbi  bs bskujomi. Diki rbsujtomi, jo portb trogquhjhzogtb mbj
shstbko gbrvhisi bs tokchèg bskujomo, bs b s ‚bj hgtbrruptir mb rbjolodhôg

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 46


 

mbj dubrpi‛. Xi sistbgai jo rbsphrodhôg murogtb bj kogbli mb bstrès pir


jo khsko rozôg, poro kh khski y poro jis pordhpogtbs mb khs dursis.
Bstumhis dhbgdis rbdhbgtbs eog mbkistromi vbrmombrokbgtb qub
duogmi bstos sukbrahmi bg bj oauo y proddos
p roddos jo Sbsphrodhôg sistbghmo,
kudeos ‚igmos ojfo‛ oporbdbg bg bj dbrbcri, mbkistrogmi ugo
dikpjbto dojko y ug rbjolomi bstomi mb jo kbgtb, ugo firko mb trogdb
i kbmhtodhôg. Jos igmos ojfo sb vhgdujog o ug bstomi kbgtoj digfirtocjb
bg bj qub gi bxhstb bj bkpi. Bstb bstomi sb mbgikhgo ‚Fjiw‛ (bs mbdhr
mb dhr,,
Fjuli) bg pshdijiaëo mbj mbpirtb, ji duoj pubmb sbr kuy ffodcjb
odcjb mb jiaror
jiaror,,
pordujorkbgtb duogmi sb bstï coli bj bstrès.

‚Mbchmi o togto prbshôg bg bj trocoli, gi eocëo mirkhmi jo gideb


bgtbro pir kbsbs. Mbspuès mb qub Ta mhi jo digfbrbgdho sicrb
kogbli mb jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg y bj bstrès y auhô o timis
timis jis bkpjbomis
mbgtri mbj oauo poro proddor jo rbtbgdhôg mb jo rbsphrodhôg murogtb
bj orrogqub mbj dursi y jis orrbajis dig jo dikpoÿëo, mirkë diki ug
cbcb timo jo gideb, jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg kb eog oyumomi
hgkbgsokbgtb y jis usi mhorhi.‛

Lonic Derhsogsbg, 44 oÿis


Abrbgtb mb vbgtos, DhtyKohj Mbgkorn O/T

Bg rbsukbg, jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg y bj odti mb rbojhzor jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo
sistbghmo bs
ug vëgduji bgtrb jo digmhdhôg mb tu dubrpi y bj bstomi mb tu kbgtb, qub
tb oyumo o digtrijor bj bstrès. Diki sb kbgdhigô prbvhokbgtb, bj bstrès
pubmb tokchèg kogblorsb pir kbmhi mbj digtrij mb tus pbgsokhbgtis.
Bg kudeos idoshigbs bsti pubmb sbr kïs mhdhj qub jis blbrdhdhis mb
rbsphrodhôg yo qub bsti sb rbstrhgab oj dbrbcri. ]ikbkis ug vhstozi o
ojaugos shkpjbs tèdghdos poro rbfirzor
rbfirzor jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg.

Digtrij mbj pbgsokhbgti

Bg jo prhkovbro mbj 3006 kb dbrquè diki hgstrudtir mb cudbi jhcrb


bg jo Opgbo Odombky coli jo jbybgmo vhvhbgtb mb Rkcbrti Pbjhzzorh.
Murogtb bj dursi, ug pshdôjiai mbj dursi mhli ojai qub rbojkbgtb
kb hkpodtô< ‚tu kbgtb bs kuy jhsto‛ khbgtros kïs phbgsbs bg bsto
orkodhôg, èsto dicrorï kïs sbgmi. ]u kbgtb bs fbgikbgojkbgtb
jhsto y sh pubmbs oprbgmbr tèdghdos qub vhgdujbg tu kbgtb sucdigsdhbgtb
dig tu digdhbgdho pimrïs eodbr jos disos kïs hgdrbëcjbs.

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 41


 

‚Jo hkoahgodhôg bs kïs hkpirtogtb


h kpirtogtb qub bj digidhkhbgti‛
OJCBS] BHGT]BHG

Bj digtrij mbj pbgsokhbgti bs kuy bfbdvi pirqub sb trocolo mb


ombgtri eodho fubro. Rg pbgsokhbgti digtrijomi jb mhdto jo rboddhôg oj
dubrpi, pir ji togti, bs ug cubg pugti mb pormo. Diki sb kbgdhigô
ogtbrhirkbgtb,
ogtbrhirkbgt b, jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg bs jo ebrrokhbgto pbrfbdto poro digtrijor
ugo kbgtb shg mbsdogsi, pbri dig bj bgtrbgokhbgti tokchèg pubmbs
usor dhbrtis pbgsokhbgtis poro digtrijor itris. Bg jo pshdijiaëo mbj
mbpirtb, mhfbrbgtbs ‚tèdghdos mb pbgsokhbgti‛ sig omiptomos poro
suprhkhr i rbbkpjozor pbgsokhbgtis gbaovis i gi mbsbomis. Bg
sbauhmo ug blbkpji mb dôki hgtbgtor trocolor bg bjji.
Tupigaokis qub mhai qub jo üghdo diso bg jo qub gi mbcbs pbgsor
oeiro bs bg ug isi pijor, jo üghdo diso bg bj kugmi qub gi pubmbs
hkoahgor bs ug ¡arogmb suovb y cjogdi isi pijor dig ugo eükbmo
gorhz! ¹Fïdhj9 Sbojkbgtb gi. Jo üghdo hgstruddhôg qub sb tb mhi fub qub
gi pbgsoros bg ug isi pijor. Pbri oj eodbr bsti, jo üghdo diso bg qub
pumhstb ¡pbgsor fub bg bj isi pijor! Prigti oprbgmbrïs diki eodbr qub
bj isi pijor mbsoporbzdo.
Gubstris pbgsokhbgtis y gubstro kbgtb sig ug diglugti mb dijirbs y
firkos hgdigdbchcjbs. Pbri
Pbri bs mhdhj, ougqub gi hkpishcjb tbgbr kïs mb
ug pbgsokhbgti o jo vbz. Jis pbgsokhbgtis hgmhvhmuojbs pubmbg bstor
tog bstrbdeokbgtb jhaomis qub porbdbg uhr lugtis, mb bsto kogbro bs
diki gubstro jëgbo mb pbgsokhbgtis trocolo. Th tb mbbgbs bg ug siji
pbgsokhbgti, sb jb jjoko digdbgtrodhôg, y ug siji pbgsokhbgti pubmb
kogtbgbrsb ¡üghdokbgtb
¡üghdokbgtb pir ug por mb khjèshkos mb sbaugmi! Duogmi
digguos digdbgtrïgmitb bg ug siji pbgsokhbgti pir vorhis sbaugmis,
bgtros bg ug bstomi mb kbmhtodhôg. Proddo bsti ogtbs mb hr o mirkhr,
troto mb ojoraor bj üjki pbgsokhbgti ogtbs mb mirkhrtb. Gi bs fïdhj.
Sbarbsbkis o ji mbj isi pijor qub gi mbcëos pbrkhrtb pbgsor
gh hkoahgor. Oeiro phbgso bg ugo lhrofo mb potos joraos ugo arogmb y
ebrkiso lhrofo mb potos joraos bg jo ïrhmo socogo bg Ïfrhdo. Dhbrro bj
jhcri pir ug kikbgti b hkoahgo bsto lhrofo kolbstuiso. Dhbrro bj jhcri
OEISO. ¹_uè sudbmhô9 ¹Vhstb o jo ebrkiso lhrofo9 Th, chbg ¹tokchèg
vhstb oj isi pijor9 Gi, gi fub osë, i ¹së9, bxdbjbgtb. ]us pbgsokhbgtis
mhsijvhbrig pir sh khskis oj isi pijor y fubrig rbbkpjozomis pir ojai
kïs. Mb bsto kogbro fïdhjkbgtb pubmbs digtrijor tus pbgsokhbgtis y
usor pbgsokhbgtis pishvis, poro rbbkpjozor jis gbaovis.
Thg bkcorai ugo tbgmbgdho odtuoj bg jo tbrdbro igmo mb jo tbropho
diagisdhvo sb ojblo mbj odti mb trotor mb digtrijor i odvor bj dokchi bg
gubstris pbgsokhbgtis. Jo ]bropho mb Odbptodhôg y Dikprikhsi (OD])

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 45


 

pir sus shajos bg hgajès bgb diki iclbti icsbrvor jis pbgsokhbgtis
shg qubmorsb bgaogdeomi bg bjjis. Jis pbgsokhbgtis pubmbg sbr
bgaoÿisis y tb pubmbg mbsvhor y gi gbdbsorhokbgtb sig vbrmombs.
Rg pbgsokhbgti gbaovi sb mhsubjvb shkpjbkbgtb icsbrvogmi bj
pbgsokhbgti poshvokbgtb. ]oj vbz eoyos iëmi odbrdo mb ‚Khgmfujgbss‛,
qub bs ug bstomi bg bj qub digsdhbgtbkbgtb pbrdhcbs jis pbgsokhbgti
pbgsokhbgtiss
mb kogbro qub uybg diki eilos itogmi bg ug rhodeubji. Jis blbrdhdhis
mb jo digsdhbgdho sig tokchèg portb mbj OD].
Th tbgai bj sbgkhbgti mb qub ug pbgsokhbgti gbaovi i gi mbsbomi
bstï bgtrogmi bg kh kbgtb murogtb bj cudbi (Blbkpji< ug isi pijor),
hgkbmhotokbgtb ji rbbkpjozi dig ug pbgsokhbgti mhfbrbgtb diki
pimrëo sbr jo lhrofo pbri ujhzi itros hkïabgbs. Mb jo khsko kogbro
diki pubmbs firkor i morjb firko o bsis ‚pbgsokhbgtis djovbs‛
i hkïabgbs qub pubmbs ujhzor duogmi tu kbgtb sb bstrbso. Duogmi
mhsubjvbs bj ‚bstrès mb tu kbgtb‛, jis bfbdtis gi mbsbomis bg tu dubrpi
tokchèg mbsoporbdbg. Th vhgdujos bstis pbgsokhbgtis o ugo rbsphrodhôg
digstogtb bsti fugdhigoro kblir. Bstorbkis mïgmijb ug vhstozi kïs
mb dbrdo bg jis dopëtujis sicrb Sbsphrodhôg Pimbriso y Sbsphrodhôg
]rogquhjhzogtb.
Bj blbkpji mbj isi pijor y jo lhrofo pubmbg porbdbr cogojbs, pbri jo
tèdghdo fugdhigo crhjjogtbkbgtb, bspbdhojkbgtb sh jo proddos. Bg bsto
djosb mb digtrij mbj pbgsokhbgti pubmbs ujhzor ugo arog dopodhmom mb
tu dbrbcri, jjokomo Hkoahgodhôg.

Hkoahgodhôg y vhsuojhzodhôg

Duogmi jo kbgtb sucdigsdhbgtb odbpto tus hkïabgbs digsdhbgtbs sb


vubjvbg portb mb tu rbojhmom.

‚Xi usi khs blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg duogmi tbgai qub dojbgtor khs
pujkigbs, kb eodb sbgr frbsdi y prbporomi poro bj bgtrbgokhbg
bgtrbgokhbgti ti mbj
mëo. ]okchèg jis usi duogmi kb prbpori kbgtojkbgtb (vhsuojhzogmi
jo dorrbro) ogtbs mb ugo dorrbro, jis usi poro bjbvor kh pujsi, i sh bs bj
dosi jis ujhzi poro dojkor khs gbrvhis.‛

Lonic Dorstbgsbg, 4? oÿis


]rbs vbdbs pordhpogtb bg lubais ijëkphdis y
dokpbôg kugmhoj bg =00 kbtris bsji jhcrb

Duogmi phbgsos bg hkïabgbs, usos dhbrtos ïrbos mbj dbrbcri jos duojbs
pubmbg drbor ugo vhshôg ajicoj mb ugo shtuodhôg y digshmbrorjo bg su

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 48


 

titojhmom. Bj pbgsor bg hkïabgbs i potrigbs tb dopodhto poro dikprbgmbr


digtbxtis i shtuodhigbs bg ug hgstogtb. Bs pir bjji qub jis sëkcijis
sig tog pimbrisis. Th jis sbÿojokhbgtis bg bj dokhgi digshsbsbg mb
jorais bgugdhomis gi sbrëo fïdhj kivbrsb dig sbaurhmom bg bj trïdi.
Bg jis bkpis kimbrgis, ujhzokis prbmikhgogtbkbgtb gubstros
dopodhmombs dbrbcrojbs ogojëdos y jôahdos y gi bstokis bgtrbgomis poro
usor jo portb bspodhoj hgtuhvo. Bg digsbdubgdho, bxhstb ug mbsbquhjhcrhi
qub bstï bg bj dbrbcri mbtbrkhgomi dujturojkbgtb. Ofirtugomokbgtb, o
trovès
trovès mb jo vhsuojhzodhôg pubmbs drbor ugo koyir orkigëo.
Duogmi phbgsos bg hkïabgbs, drbos ug bstomi qub hgehcb bj bstrès y
prikubvb jo rbjolodhôg. Bs pir bjji qub mbcbs usor tu hkoahgodhôg, y bs
pir ji qub yi drbi bg siÿomirbs y vhshigorhis.

‚Th pubmbs siÿorji, pubmbs eodbrji‛


QOJ] MHTGBX

Tb mhdb qub ‚jo fb kubvb kigtoÿos‛ bstb privbrchi


privbrchi gi gomo kïs sb drbô.
Gubstris pbgsokhbgtis sig bj rbsujtomi mb pridbsis rïphmis b hgghtis
mbj shstbko kïs ovogzomi y dikpjbli mbj kugmi mbgikhgomi dbrbcri. d brbcri.
Bs dikügkbgtb odbptomi y rbdigidhmi qub bj sufrhkhbgti pshdisikïd
pshdisikïdi i
bxhstb,
bxhstb, qub quhbrb mbdhr
m bdhr qub jo hgbstochjhmom i ugo sicrbdorao mb jo pshqub
sb koghbstog osë khskos, o kogbro mb ugo i kïs bgfbrkbmombs bg bj
siko, pojocro arhbao poro bj ‚dubrpi‛. Diki eos jbëmi bg bstb dopëtuji,
bs rbojkbgtb bstb kbdoghski bj qub sb bgdubgtro mbtrïs mbj bstrès.
Bj bstrès bg jis üjkis dhgdi oÿis eo shmi jo koyir okbgozo poro jo
sojum bg jo sidhbmom kimbrgo pir jos dikpjhdodhigbs qub digjjbvo. Ji
rori bs qub bj rozigokhbgti
rozigokhbgti ipubsti bs kbgis odbptomi. Jo odbptodhôg
jôahdo mb qub jis fbgôkbgis pshdisikïdis sb pubmbg trogsfirkor bg
pishvis, jhcbromirbs, firtojbdbmirbs i hgdjusi mb mhrbddhôg durovo bs
kbgis diküg. Kudeis (mbchmi o jo hagirogdho i pir rozigbs hjôahdos)
osidhog bsto gidhôg dig durogmbris, supbrsdhôg, koaho, crulbrëo, vumü,
i ojai kïs. Bs ugo jïsko, pbri ofirtugomokbgtb ug dokchi mb odtum
bstï idurrhbgmi bg gubstris mëos.

Bg bj dokpi mb jo pshdijiaëo, eo surahmi ug kivhkhbgti jjokomi


‚Pshdijiaëo pishvo‛ qub bgb qub vbr dig ovogzor usogmi bj pitbgdhoj
y jis rbdursis mb jo pshqub eukogo mb jis hgmhvhmuis. Jo hgvbsaodhôg
kubstro qub bj dbrbcri gi pubmb mhsgauhr bgtrb ojai qub rbojkbgtb

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI =0


 

sudbmhô bg bj kugmi shdi y ojai qub sôji idurrhô bg tu kbgtb. Bg


itros pojocros, bj dbrbcri bs dopoz mb eodbrsb trokpo o së khski, y bg
arog kbmhmo pubmbs mhrhahr bsto hjushôg bg ugo mhrbddhôg mbsbocjb. Pir
blbkpji, otjbtos shdokbgtb jbshigomis, usog blbrdhdhi mb pbgsokhbgti
poro sbr dopodbs mb rbarbsor o su mbpirtb tog mhbstris diki brog
ogtbs. Bjjis usocog blbrdhdhis mb pbgsokhbgtis poro pimbr vijvbr o
bstor o jo ojturo mb diki ji eocëog bstomi ogtbrhirkbgtb. Kïs oüg, ug
bstumhi bg bstomis Rghmis bgdigtrô qub ghÿis qub usorig blbrdhdhis mb
pbgsokhbgti y vhsuojhzodhôg sb digvhrbrig
digvhrbrig bg kblirbs cosqubtcijhstos,
qub ug arupi mb digtrij qub gi ehzi blbrdhdhis mb pbgsokhbgtis.
Rg outir mogès y gorromir mb dubgtis Lieoggbs Kõjjbeovb bsdrhcb
odbrdo mb 2 disos qub ji eog ebdei fbjhz murogtb bj mëo ogtbs mb hr o
jo doko. Bsti bs ugo bxdbjbgtb hmbo pir vorhos rozigbs. Bg prhkbr
juaor, jis üjkis pbgsokhbgtis qub bgbs ogtbs mb mirkhr bg arog
kogbro mbtbrkhgog jo dojhmom mb tu subÿi jo fojto mb mbsdogsi y jis
pbgsokhbgtis gbaovis
gbaovis mog diki rbsujtomi ug subÿi picrb, khbgtros
qub jis pbgsokhbgtis pishvis bgdousog ug subÿi bquhjhcromi y
trogquhji.
Bg sbaugmi juaor, pbgsor bg bxpbrhbgdhos pishvos bgb ug bfbdti
cbgèdi bg bj dbrbcri pir jorais pbrhimis, pirqub jos ‚eubjjos mbj
pbgsokhbgti‛ sb bgmbg pir mbcoli mb jos dèjujos mb tu dbrbcri. Rgo
hgubgdho pishvo bg jo pshqub bskujo jo sbdrbdhôg mb jos ‚eirkigos
mb jo fbjhdhmom‛, mipokhgo  y sbritighgo, qub firtojbdbg bj dbrbcri y
shkpjbkbgtb gis eodb tbgbr sbgkhbgtis mb chbgbstor y sosfoddhôg. Oj
khski bkpi, jo primuddhôg mb jo eirkigo dirsij sb hgehcb, oyumogmi
oj dbrbcri o pbrkogbdbr mbsphbrti y crhjjogtb. Bg firko dijbdvo bj
ghvbj mb bstrès abgbroj mbdrbdb, ofbdtogmi tu sojum mb kogbro pishvo.
Osë bs qub, jis blbrdhdhis mb pbgsokhbgti y kbmhtodhôg eog pricomi
qub colog jo prbshôg mb jo sogarb, mbj pujsi, y rbaujog bj ozüdor (mb toj
kogbro qub ifrbdbg cubgos gidhos poro jis mhocèdis pi 3) rbmudb
jis sëgtikos mb osko, mb mbprbshôg y mb khbmi sôji poro kbgdhigor
ojaugis blbkpjis. Jos kïs pbqubÿos vhcrodhigbs pishvos qub tü khski
drbos bg tu dbrbcri pubmbg ofbdtor tus dèjujos y sus fugdhigbs, bs mbdhr
mbdhr,,
ugo trogsfirkodhôg o ghvbj kijbdujor. Ji duoj tb jjbvo o ugo ¡vbrmombro
kbtokirfishs
kbtokirf ishs mb dubrpi y ojko!

‚Gubstro vhmo bs, ji qub gubstris pbgsokhbgtis eodbg mb bjjo.‛


KOSDI ORSBJHI

Khbgtros kïs drbos bg bj pimbr mbj pbgsokhbgti y khbgtros kïs


bsdudebs tü rbsphrodhôg kïs arogmbs dokchis pimrïs drbor bg tu vhmo,

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI =?


 

bs pir bsi qub jos irodhigbs fugdhigog tog chbg poro togtos pbrsigos.
Bg kh irodhôg mb yiao oarombzdi jo cubgo sojum mb kh fokhjho, mb
khs okhais y mb kh pbrsigo, tokchèg jb bstiy oarombdhmi o jo vhmo, y
oqubjjis o quhbgbs sufrbg i bxpbrhkbgtog mhdujtombs bg bj kugmi, o
bjjis jbs kogmi bgbraëo
bg braëo pishvo y mb firtojbdhkhbgti. Goturojkbg
Goturojkbgtb
tb qub
jos igmos mb bgbraëo qub bgvëi oj kugmi jjbaorïg y eorïg chbg mb ugo
u itro kogbro. Bj pbrmôg tokchèg yodb bg jo irodhôg y pbrmigogmi o
jo abgtb jis pbgsokhbgtis gbaovis sojbg mb gubstri dbrbcri- ¡bj isi
pijor mbsoporbdb!
Khj oÿis mb sochmurëo y vhcrodhigbs pishvos sb bgdubgtrog digtbghmos
bg jo pojocro okbg y bj kogtro irhbgtoj Ik ( Ouk
 Ouk, bj sëkciji mb orrhco).
Oj mbdhrji bg viz ojto i pbgsor bg bjji jo quëkhdo mbj dbrbcri y ugo arog
fubgtb mb gubstros eirkigos bkpbzorï hgkbmhotokbgtb o dokchor.
]u dbrbcri sb digvbrrï bg ug kblir juaor poro bxhsr y bj bstrès
mbsoporbdbrï.
Dig bj pimbr mbj pbgsokhbgti, pimbkis jiaror khjoaris — ¡sh
drbbkis bg bjjis! Bstèkis lugtis y eoaïkis rbojhmom bj privbrchi ‚tü
tb digvbrrïs bg ji qub phbgsbs‛ bs tog icvhi y tog goturoj osë diki bj
qub tb digvhbrtbs bg ji qub dikbs, bs tog siji ¡dubsôg mb vijugtom!

Jo fojto mb sojum bg jo sidhbmom kimbrgo

O pbsor mb qub jos digmhdhigbs sig fovirocjbs poro ugo vhmo hmboj bg jo
prispbrhmom mb jo sidhbmom kimbrgo, ojai mbcb mb bstor koj pirqub
bstokis jjbvogmi gubstros vhmos eodho jo kubrtb, rbsujto ugo poromilo
troahdôkhdo.
troahdôkhd o. Jo Iraoghzodhôg Kugmhoj mb jo Tojum (IKT) mb jos ggodhigbs
odhigbs
ughmos bsko qub kïs i kbgis bj =0% mb timos jos bgfbrkbmombs y
kubrtb prbkoturos bg bj kugmi iddhmbgtoj mb eiy bstïg rbjodhigomos
o gubstri bsji mb vhmo. ‚kojis eïchtis‛ tojbs diki ugo mhbto picrb,
fukor, ojdieij, fojto mb blbrdhdhi, sig jos dousos prhkorhos. Pbir oüg, bj
prigôsdi odtuoj hgmhdo qub bstos dhfros tbgmbrïg o hgdrbkbgtor eosto
ug 10% bg bj 3030. Rgo pbrspbdvo kuy ojorkogtb. Bg pordujor, jis
rbdhbgtbs hgdrbkbgtis bg jos bgfbrkbmombs mbj dirozôg, dhbrtos firkos
mb dïgdbr,
dïgdbr, mhocbtbs pi 3, mbkbgdho, mbprbshôg, mbsdojdhdodhôg, sbrïg
jis rbspigsocjbs mb bstb prigugdhomi hgdrbkbgti.
Jo cubgo gidho bs qub, shbkprb eoy ugo juz oj goj mbj tügbj. Rg
bstumhi crhtïghdi eo mbkistromi
mbkistromi qub tü pubmbs
pubm bs oÿomhr o tu vhmo ?= oÿis
sh mblos mb fukor,
fukor, rbstrhgabs tu digsuki mb ojdieij, dikbs sogokbgtb,
ojhkbgtis frbsdis
frbsdis y vorhomis y eodbs ug pidi mb blbrdhdhi timis jis mëos,
mb timi ji qub bsti sb troto bs üghdokbgtb ug dokchi bg tu bsji mb

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI =3


 

vhmo y ugo mbmhdodhôg dikchgomo dig jo eochjhmom mb sbr rbspigsocjb mb


tu pripho vhmo, osë diki mb jo mb tus ehlis.
Jos bstomësdos y jis ogïjhshs gi pubmbg bstor bquhvidomis, pbri drbi
qub bg rbjodhôg oj bstumhi crhtïghdi bstis dïjdujis porbdbg sbr kuy
rozigocjbs, bspbdhojkbgtb duogmi vbi o khs okomos ocubjos. Bjjos
tikog ojdieij dig kimbrodhôg, dikbg dikhmo sogo, gi fukog y kïs
qub gomo bgbg ugo digstudhôg mb ehbrri. Kh ocubjo potbrgo, Osto,
qub mhorhokbgtb sodo o posbor o su pbrri pir jos prombros, bgb 8=
oÿis y duhmo su lormëg y su aroglo bjjo sijo, kh ocubjo kotbrgo, Tgo,
eodb ahkgosho kotugo (dig pbsos) y proddo obrichds oduïdi, bjjo
bgb 85 oÿis, bspbri y drbi qub khs ocubjos jjbaorog o sus ?00 oÿis,
bspbdhojkbgtb pirqub okcos bstïg kbgtojkbgtb frbsdos i jüdhmos y
fugdhigog chbg.
Ombkïs, drbi qub su fubrtb sojum shdo sb mbcb o su cubg bstomi
mb sojum kbgtoj qub bgb qub vbr dig su ojbarëo, oarombdhkhbgti y
sosfoddhôg.
sosfoddhôg. Bstumhis rbdhbgtbs eog mbkistromi qub gi siji bj blbrdhdhi,
shgi tokchèg ug kbmhi okchbgtb rhdi, bskujog jo firkodhôg mb jos
digbxhigbs, bgtrb jos gubvos dèjujos gbrvhisos bg bj dbrbcri jos duojbs
pubmbg prbvbghr vorhis mbsôrmbgbs gbrvhisis mbabgbrovis, diki jo
bgfbrkbmom mb Ojzebhkbr y jo mbkbgdho.

¹_uè pimbkis eodbr dig bj bstrès9

Gi eoy mumo mb qub bj bstrès drbo distis poro jis hgmhvhmuis osë diki
poro jo hgmustrho y jis shstbkos mb sojum. Bg ojaugos dhrdugstogdhos, jis
shis mb trocoli dubgtog dig bspodhis dig jo pishchjhmom mb qub jis
bkpjbomis sb blbrdhtbg y ojaugis hgdjusi ifrbdbg dursis mb kogbli mbj
bstrès, pbri ¹bs bsti sudhbgtb9
Rg juaor fïdhj pir dikbgzor bs bj dubrpi pirqub bs b s togahcjb. Tbrho sbr
mb kbgtb bstrbdeo sh üghdokbgtb gis bgfidokis bg jo fubrzo shdo poro
jiaror bj bstomi mb chbgbstor
chbgbstor duogmi sb troto
troto mb bgrhqubdbr o gubstri
gubstri
pbrsigoj. Osë diki bs ugo kojo pijëdo bg jo kbmhdhgo bj trotor siji
jis sëgtikos bg vbz mb digdbgtrorgis bg jo prbvbgdhôg i jo rbsijudhôg
mbj pricjbko, bs tokchèg pricjbkïdi bj gi hgdjuhr jis ospbdtis
bkidhigojbs y pshdijôahdis mb jo sojum.
Bj blbrdhdhi bs shg mumo sojumocjb y pripirdhigo sojum kbgtoj y shdo,
pbri bxhstbg
bxhstbg jhkhtodhigbs sh sb trocolo üghdokbgtb bj küsduji y sb proddo
bj bgtrbgokhbgti siji poro kogtbgbrsb bg firko. Tb pimrëo jiaror kudei
kïs dig jos ebrrokhbgtos kbgtojbs
kbgtojbs opriphomos, pimrëos rbojhzor ovogdbs
ovogdbs
shaghdovis, pir jo khsko rozôg, bgsbÿor jo rbsphrodhôg bdhbgtb y ug

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI =4


 

bgfiqub kbgtoj mhfbrbgtb


mhfbrbgtb eodho jis mbsois, sig mis bjbkbgtis cïshdis
mb kh dikpoÿëo, CjubDigsujt, y kh digdbpti mbj trotomi mb jo rbsphrodhôg.
Bj mbsoi oeiro bs prikivbr bj kbgsolb y jos tèdghdos tog rïphmi diki
sbo pishcjb. Bg dijocirodhôg dig Clorgb Crygn Lbgsbg, quhbg trocolo
dig mbsorrijji mb gbaidhis, yi bstiy mbsorrijjogmi y mhstrhcuybgmi bstb
gubvi bgfiqub eodho jo sojum, Clogb bs ug bgtrbgomir mb jo dikpoÿëo
ug digsujtir bg jis lubais ijëkphdis mb Vogdiuvbr bg 30?0 y gi bgb
üghdokbgtb ugo bxpbrhbgdho dig iraoghzodhigbs hgtbrgodhigojbs, shgi
tokchèg bxpbrhbgdho pbrsigoj dig bj trocoli rbjodhigomi oj bstrès y oj
bxdbsi mb pbsi. Ebkis drbomi ug digdbpti qub hgtrimudb jo hmbo mb
qub, bg bj futuri jo toso mbj bgtrbgokhbgti shdi y kbgtoj jjbaorï o bstor
bg ug porïkbtri dikpbvi poro jis bkpjbomis y jos bstrotbahos mb
gbaidhis. O porr mb bsti trocolorbkis dig mbsorrijji pbrsigoj mhrhahmi
togti o mhrbdvis
mhrbdvis diki o bkpjbomis.
Gubstri iclbvi bs mbsorrijjor pbrsigos orkighisos quhbgbs o
trovès
trovès mb ugo hgtbjhabgdho bkidhigoj kbliromo tbgaog jo vijugtom poro
rbspigsochjhzorsb mb së khskos y mb sus bkpjbomis pir kbmhi mb ug
vëgduji bgtrb ugo auëo mb omkhghstrodhôg prifbshigoj y jos tèdghdos
diagisdhvos (mb jis mbpirtbs mb ojti rbgmhkhbgti y jo pshdijiaëo
pishvo) dig blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg (mbsmb bj yiao eosto bj cudbi
jhcrb) yo qub jos pbrsigos usog üghdokbgtb mbj 20 % oj 60 % mb jo
dopodhmom mb su rbsphrodhôg, ug bgirkb pitbgdhoj gi bxpjitomi bgb
qub vbr dig jo rbsphrodhôg y sb jb morï ugo otbgdhôg pordujor. Tikis
dopodbs mb bgsbÿor o jos pbrsigos o ujhzor tog siji mbj ?0 oj 30%
kïs mb su dopodhmom pujkigor jo bgbraëo omhdhigoj pimrëo jjbvorji o
ug mëo mb trocoli kïs primudvi, o tikor kblirbs mbdhshigbs, o tbgbr
koyir chbgbstor y goturojkbgtb o bstor kbgis mëos bgfbrki. Drbbkis
qub bj digdbpti bgb futuri pbri bstb bgfiqub eijësdi pimrëo bstor
ombjogtomi ug por mb oÿis.
Bg duojquhbr portb mb jo sidhbmom, sb bstï mogmi juaor bj sojumocjb
y tog joraokbgtb cusdomi dokchi bg jo odtum eodho jo gutrhdhôg y jo
mhbto. Bg bj trocoli sb ifrbdb fruto y ojhkbgtis iraïghdis, y ugo mhbto
kïs gutrhdhigoj oeiro bstï bg gubstro oabgmo. Gubstro mhbto lubao ug
popbj hkpirtogtb bg gubstri bstomi mb chbgbstor, osë qub bstb dokchi
sb gbdbshto y bs pishvi pricocjbkbgtb tokchèg kudei kïs mb ji qub
jo abgtb drbb.

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI ==


 

Jo mhbto

Ji qub dikbkis bs dig frbdubgdho vhsti diki dikcuscjb poro gubstri


dubrpi. Jo bgbraëo sb vodëo bg jo kïquhgo y bj shstbko bkphbzo o rimor,
rimor,
pbri bj pi mb dikhmo qub hgabrhkis y su dojhmom lubaog ug popbj drudhoj
poro mbtbrkhgor gubstro digmhdhôg kbgtoj. Bsto bs jo rozôg pir jo duoj
bj yiao rbdikhbgmo okpjhokbgtb jo dikhmo vbabtorhogo gi pridbsomo.
Khbgtros kïs progo (fubrzo mb vhmo) digtbgao jo dikhmo tb vijvbrï kïs
odvi shdo y kbgtojkbgtb, troto murogtb
murogtb bj mëo mb bstor ojbrto bg diki
tu dubrpi y tu kbgtb rboddhigo o ji qub dikbs. Th quhbrbs socbr kïs
sicrb bsto kotbrho, tb suahbri qub bstumhbs o Oy urvbmo ugo dhbgdho hgmho
 Oyurvbmo
djïshdo digdbrghbgtb o jo sojum y o jo kbmhdhgo ebrcijorho.
]u rbsphrodhôg bsto tokchèg jhaomo fubrtbkbgtb o jo dikhmo qub
hgahbrbs. Jo mbsdikpishdhôg mb jo dikhmo y jo bgbraëo yo dikhbgzog bg
jo cido, y duogmi tu rbsphrodhôg bstï trogquhjo y prifugmo, tu mhabsôg
sb bskujo pir kbmhi mb ug suovb kosolb mb tu mhofroako. ]us ]us ôraogis
vhsdbrojbs sbdrbtog jo dogmom opriphomo mb uhmis y eirkigos
mhabsvos, y kïs sogarb dirrb ojrbmbmir mb jis hgtbsgis poro ocsircbr
jis gutrhbgtbs mbsdikpubstis. Khbgtros kïs pubmos odvor jo portb mb
tu shstbko gbrvhisi qub dojko y prikubvb jo mhabsôg, pimrïs ujhzor
kblir jo bgbraëo mb jis ojhkbgtis qub eoyos hgabrhmi. Mbchmi o qub
tu rbsphrodhôg bstï ëgkokbgtb jhaomo o tu digmhdhôg kbgtoj, eocrïs
mb tbgbr koyir urabgdho bg dikbr dikhmo sojumocjb y tbgbr pbrhimis
odvis mbgtri mb ugo
ug o otkôsfbro
otkôsfbro mb ohrb puri, khbgtros qub murogtb jis
pbrhimis bg qub tu rbsphrodhôg bs picrb tbgmbrïs o dikbr ojhkbgtis
dig kïs ozüdor y aroso- i pishcjbkbgtb gi dikbr gomo.

]hbkpis mb bgairmo

Th bdeokis ug vhstozi o jos bstomësdos sicrb icbshmom, bj duomri


qub bkbrab bs tbrrirëdi, vhvhkis bg ugo portb mbj kugmi bg jo qub
bstokis kurhègmigis pir dikbr bg bxdbsi. Mbcbkis pbgsor bg jo
dikhmo, bspbdhojkbgtb duogmi tikokis bg digshmbrodhôg qub khjbs mb
pbrsigos domo mëo bg jo brro kubrbg mb eokcrb. Bs ug mbsbquhjhcrhi
trïahdi b hglusti qub gbdbshto sbr dokchomi.
Bg Bstomis Rghmis, bj 60% mb jo picjodhôg pombdb sicrbpbsi. Oeë
vhvë ug bkpi duogmi bro omijbsdbgtb, mbspuès mb bsi eb vhshtomi bj
poës bg vorhos idoshigbs,
idoshigbs, y bg domo idoshôg, kb sirprbgmb
sirprbgmb vbr dôki eo
eochmi ug gitocjb hgdrbkbgti bg jo icbshmom y tokchèg diki jis sbrbs
eukogis gis pimbkis vijvbr tog icbsis. Bj üjki dosi mbj duoj bstiy

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI =2


 

fokhjhorhzomi bs odbrdo mb ug eikcrb livbg qub pbso oprixhkomokbgtb


fokhjhorhzomi oprixhkomokbgtb
=20 Na. ]b hgvhti o vbr jo pbjëdujo mb Kiraog Tpurjidn ‚Tupbr Thzb Kb‛
(bgaôrmokb) ¡bs mb mor khbmi!
Jo abgtb dig pricjbkos mb sicrb pbsi y icbshmom bstïg kuy
bsakozomos
bsakoz omos y bj ebdei
ebd ei mb qub yi usb jo pojocro ‚icbsi‛ bg bstb jhcri
pimrëo prividor hgmhagodhôg. Thg bkcorai, sh gi sb eocjo ochbrtokbgtb
mb bstb pricjbko y gi sb drbog sijudhigbs prïddos gi sb bstï eodhbgmi
ghgaüg sbrvhdhi o jo abgt
abgtbb y bspbdhojkbgtb
bspbdhojkbgtb o jis ghÿis. Mbcb mb sbr
mbj hgtbrès mb timis drbor ugo kblir y kïs sojumocjb vhmo poro jis
hgmhvhmuis qub sufrbg icbshmom togti bg bj ospbdti eukogi diki o
ghvbj bdigôkhdi.
Ofirtugomokbgtb sb bstï hgdrbkbgtogmi jo digdhbgdho mb ugo mhbto
opriphomo, ougqub tokpidi tog mb prhso. Bg jos hgstudhigbs y bg jos
bsdubjos tokchèg sb hgtbgto ifrbdbr ipdhigbs mb ojhkbgtodhôg kïs
sojumocjbs. Bstumhis dhbgdis bg jis qub sb eog usomi togti rotigbs
diki ghÿis kubstrog qub ugo mhbto sojumocjb kbliro jo digdbgtrodhôg
y jo kivodhôg, pir ji togti kujpjhdo jo eochjhmom bg bj oprbgmhzolb y
jo kbkirho.
Bstor sojumocjb bg rbjodhôg o jis ojhkbgtis gi bgb qub sbr mhdhj, yo
sbo qub quhbros kogtbgbr tu pbsi,
p bsi, pbrmbr pbsi i toj vbz aogor pbsi, eb
oquë ugo fôrkujo kïahdo.

]rotokhbgti poro jo sojum - jo fôrkujo kïahdo

Jo bgbraëo sb dojdujo dig frbdubgdho bg dojirëos qub sb mbgbg diki jo


dogmom mb bgbraëo qub sb gbdbshto poro hgdrbkbgtor jo tbkpbroturo
mb ug aroki mb oauo pir ug aromi mb jo prbshôg otkisfèrhdo mb ugi.
Jo pojocro dojirëo sb irhahgo mbj Jog Dojir   jo duoj shaghdo ‚ebot‛,
dojir. Bg idoshigbs jo ughmom liujb (L), qub dirrbspigmb o º mb dojirëo,
bs jo qub sb uso. Bj prbli ‚N‛ qub sb jbb ‚nhji‛ mbgito ug khj diki
bg Ndoj (khj dojirëos) y nL (khj liujbs). Poro qub sb bgbgmo kïs
ombjogtb, jo mbshagodhôg ‚doj‛ sb uso bg vbz mb Ndoj. Bgtigdbs, pimrëo
sbr ug vbrmombri rbti
rbti kogtbgbr tu hgabsto mb dojirëos, sh bstos firz
firzomi
omi o
rbojhzor jorais dïjdujis digstogtbkbgtb.
digstogtbkbgtb. Gi sb tirgo kïs fïdhj duogmi jo
abgtb dig frbdubgdho mhdb dojirëos, ¡pbri bg rbojhmom quhbrbg mbdhr Ndoj!

Bg rbojhmom bs kuy shkpjb<

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI =6


 

B
hgabsto
 — Bdigsuki ; 0

B
hgabsto
 bs tu hgabsto mhorho mb bgbraëo

B
digsuki
 bs tu digsuki mhorhi mb bgbraëo.

Jo hgdrbëcjb
fïdhjkbgtb
fïdhjkbgt b mbdorodtbrësdo mb èsto
jos mhbtos, pëjmiros fôrkujo
y pijvi bs qub pubmbs
poro ombjaozor ijvhmortb
qub prikubvbg
vorhos djëghdos i rbvhstos
rbvhstos — gh shquhbro bgbs qub
q ub digtor dojirëos, gh pbsor
tu dikhmo i dojdujor
dojdujor bj digsuki mb bgbr
bgbraëo
aëo mhorho. ]imi ji qub bgbs
qub eodbr bs dikbr gutrhvokbgtb, dikhmo sogo y vorhomo. Ombkïs,
pbsortb domo mëo i ugo vbz o jo sbkogo. Th tu pbsi oukbgto bgbs trbs
ipdhigbs< o) dikbr kbgis, c) eodbr kïs blbrdhdhi i okcis. Mhdei mb
itro kogbro y kïs mhrbdto< Th dikbs mbkoshomi, tb vubjvbs mbkoshomi
airmi(o)> sh dikbs kuy piquhti, tb vubjvbs kuy odi(o).
Bs kuy hkpirtogtb qub bsdudebs o tu dubrpi y sbpos dôki tb shbgtbs
domo mëo mb tu vhmo. Mhrhab tu otbgdhôg o dôki
dôki tb ofbdtog
ofbdtog mhvbrsis pis
mb ojhkbgtis. ]ü socbs qub jos popos o jo ‚Frogdbso‛ frhtos bg odbhtb y
jis rbfrbsdis dorcigotomis y ozudoromis bgairmog, pbri pubmb qub gi
bstès digshmbrogmi
digshmbrogmi bj ebdei mb qub tokchèg pubmbg eodbrtb kïs ili,
rbmudhr tu dopodhmom mb digdbgtrodhôg, ojtbrortb bj eukir y timi bsti
 lugti tb morï diki
diki rbsujtomi ug dubrpi pbsomi y jbgti.
Thg bkcorai, sh dikbs kudeis vbabtojbs, pog rhdi bg cro, pijji,
pbsdomi y tikos kudei oauo, rïphmokbgtb bxpbrhkbgtorïs
bxpbrhkbgtorïs jo mhfbrbgdho
mhfbrbgdho
y tb sbgrïs bg bquhjhcrhi. ]bgmrïs kïs bgbraëo, bstorïs kïs odvi, tb
sbgrïs kïs jhabri y tu dbrbcri trocolorï kblir.
Gi douso arog sirprbso qub vorhis bstumhis dhbgdis eoyog
mbkistromi qub gis vijvbkis kïs hgtbjhabgtbs, kïs fbjhdbs y gis
pimbkis digdbgtror kblir duogmi dikbkis dikhmo sojumocjb y
eodbkis blbrdhdhi — sb troto mb sbgmi diküg.

Bj bquhjhcrhi bg cosb oj ïdhmi bg bj dubrpi

Bs bxtrbkomokbgtb hkpirtogtb qub tu dubrpi bstè bg bquhjhcrhi.


Pbrkëtbkb sbr kïs bspbdëdi bg ji qub quhbri mbdhr. Poro kogtbgbr
ug bsji mb vhmo sojumocjb, bs gbdbsorhi jiaror jo bstochjhmom — tokchèg
digidhmo diki eikbistoshs.
Jo vhmo mbpbgmb mb kogtbgbr bj okchbgtb mb domo dèjujo vhvhbgtb
mbgtri mb dhbrtis porïkbtris. Rg cubg blbkpji mb bjji bs jo tbkpbroturo
tbkpbroturo

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI =1


 

y jo odhmbz mb gubstro sogarb, jos duojbs mbcbg kogtbgbrsb mbgtri mb ug


rogai mb pE mb 1.= Gubstro rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg bs drudhoj poro
poro èstb bquhjhcrhi.
Duogmi gubstro rbsphrodhôg vorëo coli mhfbrbgtbs dhrdugstogdhos, jo
digdbgtrodhôg mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi (DI3) y jubai jo dogmom mb higbs
mb ehmrôabgi (E ), jis duojbs mbtbrkhgog bj pE, pubmbg sbr rbaujomis.
+

Th jo rbsphrodhôg gi pubmb kogtbgbr jo bstochjhmom, bj rhÿôg bgb jo


dopodhmom mb tikor i jhcbror E   y mb bso kogbro rbstocjbdbr bj bquhjhcrhi.
+

Gi bs üghdokbgtb jo sogarb jo qub bgb qub kogtbgbr ug dhbrti


bquhjhcrhi mb pE. Bs tokchèg drudhoj poro bj rbsti mb jis tblhmis y eubsis
mbj dubrpi. Bstb bquhjhcrhi mb pE i ïdhmi-cosb, bs bg arog kbmhmo
mhdtomi pir jo dikhmo qub digsukbs. Bg jo kbmhdhgo kimbrgo, èstb
tbko eo tbghmi kuy pido otbgdhôg, yo qub bj ègfoshs bg gutrhdhôg sb mo
bg duogti o jo bgbraëo
b gbraëo bg jo pritbëgo, bg jo aroso y bg jis dorciehmrotis
(Ndoj). Thg bkcorai,
bkcorai, bj bf
bfbdti
bdti pishvi bs qub sb jb bstï prbstogmi
prbstogmi kïs
otbgdhôg o jo firko cosb mb ojhkbgtodhôg, tojbs diki vbabtojbs, frutos y
frutis, diki jos gubdbs, ojkbgmros, btd.
Eodb dhbg oÿis ug midtir subdi, Soagor Cbra, fub bj prhkbri bg
mbsducrhr jo digbxhôg bgtrb jo odhmbz y jos priphbmombs qub sb firkog
mb gubstro dikhmo y gubstro sojum. Tu rbajo bro qub tbgëokis qub
dikbr 1 vbdbs kïs vbabtojbs, popos, y frutos domo mëo qub itris pis
mb dikhmo. Bj Prifbsir Ijov Jhgmoej diggüi su trocoli, y quhbg opjhdô
dig èxhti firkos cosb mb ojhkbgtodhôg poro ojhvhor bj mijir o podhbgtbs
dig ortrhs, mijir mbj gbrvhi dhïdi y pricjbkos mb jo bspojmo.
  Bg crbvb, jo ehpôtbshs mhdb qub jo dikhmo qub firko ïdhmi, tojbs
diki bj ozüdor y jo aroso, mblo rbshmuis mb dikpubstis ïdhmis murogtb
jo mbsdikpishdhôg bg bj dubrpi. Bsti dig bj bkpi sb odukujo,
jjbvïgmigis eodho ugo rbspubsto hgkugb kïs mèchj. Pir ji togti, jos
bgfbrkbmombs pubmbg otodor oj dubrpi kïs fïdhjkbgtb. Bg digtrostb,
jis ojhkbgtis mb firkodhôg cïshdo eocrïg mb gbutrojhzor jis bfbdtis
gbaovis mb jis ïdhmis, mb toj kogbro
kogbro qub crhgmorï ug bfbdti
bfbdti durovi
durovi
y mb firtojbdhkhbgti. Bj tbko bs kuy digtrivbrshoj, pbri sh cusdos
hgfirkodhôg odbrdo mb ‚mhbto ojdojhgo/ojhkbgtodhôg‛, tb morïs dubgto mb
qub bj pugti bs ugo ‚popo dojhbgtb‛ bs mbdhr
mbdhr,, pijèkhdi.

Eb pimhmi digrkor dokchis pishvis bg kh dubrpi murogtb pbrhimis


bg jis duojbs eb digsukhmi arogmbs dogmombs mb crôdijh, uvos y
gubdbs (pir blbkpji eosto kh rbdhbgtb hgtbgti mb rbdirm kugmhoj). Drbi
qub jo koyirëo
koyirëo mb jis vbabtorhogis
vbabtorhogis rbpirtorëog ug dubrpi kudei kïs

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI =5


 

Frutis dëtrhdis, vbabtojbs icsduris y timi pi mb gubdbs, ojkbgmros, ovbjjogos,


dodoeuotbs, phÿigbs, phstodeb, btd.

‚jhabri‛ y sus kivhkhbgtis sig suovbs. Rgo mb jos rozigbs pir jos duojbs
bj yiao rbgugdho o jo dorgb, gi bs sijokbgtb mbchmi o jo hmbo mbj Norko,
shgi tokchèg o qub arogmbs dogmombs mb dorgb bgmurbdbg bj dubrpi.
Mis dokpbigbs kugmhojbs mb cudbi jhcrb prifugmi, Qhjjhok ]rucrhmab
mb Gubvo \bjogmo y Gotojho Ovsbbgni mb Susho sig fogïdis mb jo
dikhmo ojdojhgo, y drbbg qub jis bfbdtis hgdjuybg< firtojbdhkhbgti mb
jis küsdujis, kbliro mb jo bstokhgo, ipkhzo bj digsuki mb ixëabgi,
y ugo mhjotomo firkodhôg mb ïdhmi jïddi qub pbrkhtb jo rbdupbrodhôg
mbspuès mb ug muri
mu ri bgtrbgokhbgti
bgtrbgokhbgti bg ug pbrhimi kïs dirti.
]roto mb tbgbr diki iclbvi ug bquhjhcrhi ôpki qub digshstb mb ug
12-50% mb ojhkbgtis mb digstudhôg cïshdo y mbj 30-32% ojhkbgtis qub
firkog ïdhmis. Bsti sbrvhrëo diki ugo mhbto rbmudtiro sbgsodhigoj qub
mb kogbro sojumocjb y goturoj rbstouro bj bquhjhcrhi bgtrb jo aroso y jo
pritbëgo. Oj khski bkpi qub bj dubrpi sb jhcbro mb uhmis mb rbshmuis
ïdhmis odukujomis qub sb bgdubgtrog bg bj tblhmi.
¹Pir què gi gis bkcordokis bg ug pbqubÿi ‚bxpbrhkbgti

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI =8


 

dhbgdi‛ mbgtri mb tu dubrpi9 ]roto mb vhvhr sojumocjbkbgtb pir ugo


sbkogo. ]roto mb colorjb o jo aroso soturomo. Oportb mb qub tb sbgrïs
kïs dôkimi, tokchèg tb morïs dubgto mb jo dogmom mb ojhkbgtis qub
eos mblomi. Rgo sijo joto mb rbfrbsdi ‚simo‛ digbgb ojrbmbmir mb
?0 dudeoromhtos mb ozüdor y bkphèzojb o digtor timi ji mbkïs. ]imi
dig kimbrodhôg, osë qub bgdubgtro tu priphi bquhjhcrhi, jo pbrfbdto
eikbistoshs mb tu dubrpi. Bgsbauhmo bgdigtrorïs
bgdigtrorïs ojaugos hmbos poro tu
gubvo mhbto.
]hps mb mhbto

Sbsphro jbgtokbgtb duogmi dikos. Sbsphro o trovès mb tu gorhz, kosdo


Sbsphro
suovbkbgtbb y rbpbmokbgtb pir timis jomis poro kijbr chbg jo dikhmo,
suovbkbgt
ocsircb ji kïs pishcjb o trovès mb jos kbkcrogos kudisos mb jo cido,
sbdrbto kïs sojhvo poro kbliror jo mhabsôg mb jis hgtbsgis eodho jo
sogarb. ¡Dikb mbspodhi poro qub mhsfrutbs y socirbbs jo dikhmo!
Bs ug brrir kuy diküg, bj pbgsor qub poro color mb pbsi i bstor bg
cubgo firko bgbs qub mblor titojkbgtb jo aroso. Kïs oüg, jo aroso bs
tokchèg ugo portb mb jo kbkcrogo mb jo dèjujo, odtüo poro firkor ug
gükbri mb eirkigos, bs hkpirtogtb poro bj kbtocijhski mbj dubrpi,
btd. Rg cubg blbkpji mb bsti, bs jo sustogdho arosiso, jjokomo dijbstbrij,
qub kudeis phbgsog qub bs ugo kojmhdhôg y üghdokbgtb koji poro .
Mb ebdei, tu eëaomi rbojkbgtb primudb dijbstbrij pirqub ji gbdbshtos.
Bj dijbstbrij
dijbstbrij qub digbgb tu sogarb mbtbrkhgo ji qub tü dikbs, duogti
duogti
blbrdhdhi prodqubs, y tus abgbs, btd. Bxhstbg mis pis mb dijbstbrij<
JMJ (Jhpipritbëgo mb Colo Mbgshmom) ji duoj gis eog bgsbÿomi qub
pubmb dousorgis bj bgmurbdhkhbgti mb jos ortbrhos, y bj EMJ pishvi
(Jhpipritbëgo mb Ojto Mbgshmom) qub sb mhdb qub bgb ug bfbdti pritbdtir
bg tu shstbko vosdujor. Thg bkcorai, tb hgvhti o jbbr bj bkidhigogtb jhcri
qub rikpb bsqubkos ‚Jis Khtis mbj Dijbstbrij‛ mb Rb Sovgsniv, KM
(Midtir bg Kbmhdhgo), y ug Pe.M. , bs mbdhr, bg Fhjisio mb jo Kbmhdhgo.
Th ji jbbs, tb sirprbgmbrïs, sh dikbs ‚dikhmo kbmhtbrrïgbo‛
kbmhtbrrïgbo‛ y vhvbs ugo
vhmo odvo, tu dijbstbrij pimrï dokchorsb pishvokbgtb. Bgsbauhmo
bgdigtrorïs
bgdigtror ïs ojaugis digsblis poro vhvhr kblir<

7 Sbmudb bj dofè, bj tè, jo simo, postbjbs y dikhmo arosiso. Ijvëmotb mb


primudtis kogufodturomis, prbdidhmis. Oj eodbr bsti bvhtorïs kbtojbs
pbsomis, rbshmuis eirkigojbs, omhvis, ozüdorbs ordhojbs, btd.

7 Dikb costogtb fruto y vbabtojbs, bg pordujor jos qub sig vbrmb


icsduri, pirqub digbgbg ugo arog dogmom mb ghtroti, qub oyumo

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 20


 

oj pridbsi mb bgbraëo mb jos dèjujos. Bj oli bs tokchèg cubgi poro jis


pujkigbs osë diki poro bj rbsti mb tu shstbko dormhivosdujor.

7 Dikb jbaukcrbs, gubdbs, sbkhjjos, kiros rilos, uvos djoros, y uvos


isduros, timos bstos digstuybg ojhkbgtis cïshdis jjbgis mb vhtokhgos
y khgbrojbs.

7 Sbdubrmo dikbr sudhbgtb aroso, pbri mbj pi dirrbdti< Ikbao4,


Ïdhmis arosis, odbhtb mb ijhvi y oauodotb.

7 Cbcb ocugmogtb jëquhmi> duogmi bj cojogdb mb uhmi colo o tog sôji


3%, tu dopodhmom mb rbgmhkhbgti mbdrbdb ojrbmbmir mbj ?0%. Thg
bkcorai, gi digsukos arogmbs dogmombs mb oauo timis jis mëos,
pirqub sodorëo jos sojbs mb tu dubrpi.

7 Dikb ug cubg mbsoyugi, dorciehmrotis poro bj ojkubrzi y ugo dbgo


rhdo bg pritbëgos. Fubgtbs mb cubgo pritbëgo sig bj pbsdomi, jo dorgb
jhabro y bj tifu. Jbgtblos vbrmbs, frhlijbs, deëdeoris sig cubgos fubgtbs
mb pritbëgo vbabtoj.

7 Dikb vorhbmom mb ojhkbgtis y gugdo mbkoshomi o jo vbz. Th quhbrbs


proddor blbrdhdhi bspbro oj kbgis ugo eiro mbspuès mb dikbr chbg
poro qub jb pbrkhtos oj dubrpi mhabrhr jo dikhmo. Th bstïs pjogbogmi
eodbr blbrdhdhi bxtbguogtb, mis i trbs eiros sig gbdbsorhos poro
pbrkhr qub jo sogarb ocsirco jis gutrhbgtbs mb jis ôraogis y qub
sb bjhkhgbg mb gubvi. Mbspuès mb eocbr dikhmi, pubmbs fïdhjkbgtb
hr o gomor trogquhjokbgtb shg qub tb pubmos oeiaor ô tbgaos ojaüg
pricjbko.

7 Bj deidijotb icsduri (qub digtbgao bj kïs ojti pirdbgtolb pishcjb


mb dodoi) bgb ug cubg bfbdti og-ixhmogtb y digbgb kudeis
dikpigbgtbs sojumocjbs. Ji khski sudbmb dig bj vhgi gti, qub
digbgb ehbrri bg dogmombs kimbromos y mbdrbdb bj bfbdti moÿhgi
mbj dijbstbrij JMJ pir sus shajos bg hgajès, b hgdrbkbgto jis cbgbdhis
mbj dijbstbrij EMJ pir sus shajos bg hgajès.

7 ]okchèg prubco ‚Tupbr Ojhkbgtis‛ diki bj Ojao Bsphrujhgo  y jo


Dejirbjjo, qub sb mhdb qub sig jos fubgtbs kïs dikpjbtos mb gutrhbgtbs
y osbaürotb mb qub tbgaos ocugmogtbs khgbrojbs diki bj dojdhi,
kogaogbsi y pitoshi.

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 2?


 

7 Dikb ocugmogtbs vhtokhgos — bspbdhojkbgtb vhtokhgo


vhtokhgo O, D, B y jis
bjbkbgtis cïshdis mbj sbjbghuk, kogaogbsi y zhgd, timis bjjis bgbg
bfbdtis ogixhmogtbs.

Dig frbdubgdho sb eocjo mb jis ogixhmogtbs y romhdojbs jhcrbs, pbri


gugdo bsdudeos dôki fugdhigog y pirquè. Ji bxpjhdorè crbvbkbgtb
oquë. Jis romhdojbs jhcrbs sig ïtikis y kijèdujos qub eog pbrmhmi ugi
mb jis porbs mb sus bjbdtrigbs bg su duchbrto bxtbrgo. Pir ji togti,
sig ojtokbgtb rbodvis y ogshisis pir ricor ug bjbdtrôg mbj prhkbr
ïtiki qub bgdubgtrbg. Bg itros pojocros, jis romhdojbs jhcrbs dokchog
jo digaurodhôg mb itris ïtikis y kijèdujos mbstruyègmijos bg bj
pridbsi. Jis ogixhmogtbs bgbg jo dopodhmom mb gbutrojhzor o jis
romhdojbs jhcrbs pir kbmhi mb jo migodhôg mb bjbdtrigbs. Bg bsbgdho, bs
sochi dikbr ogixhmogtbs bg ocugmogdho poro bvhtor bj bgvblbdhkhbgti
y bj mbsaostb goturoj mb jos dèjujos. Bsti tb kogtbgmrï sojumocjb y
rbshstbgtb o vorhos bgfbrkbmombs.
Eb oquë mis rbdbtos
rbdbtos mb jhduomi mb ojhkbgtis drumis qub oportb mb sbr
goturojbs, bstïg jjbgis mb ogixhmogtbs,
ogixhmogtbs, cubgos vhtokhgos y khgbrojbs<

Pidhôg Kïahdo ?  Pidhôg Kïahdo 3


? oauodotb » popo
? pbphgi ? cbtocbj
? jhko ô jhkôg ? tojji mb ophi
?-3 mb kogili mb bsphgodo frbsdo 3 zogoeirhos
»-? tozo mb tifu 4 phbzos mb crôdijh dig tojji
Jbdeb mb siyo = rïcogis
Jhdüoji y oÿomb duchtis mb ehbji sh osë ji mbsbos.

Th shaubs jis digsblis mb mhbto kbgdhigomo, togti tu dubrpi diki tu


rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g sb tirgorïg kïs suovbs y bdhbgtbs, y jiarorïs tbgbr bgbraëo
omhdhigoj. Oj rbmudhr jis ojhkbgtis qub firkog odhmbz diki bj ozüdor,
ozüdor, jo
aroso y jo pritbëgo, rbmudbs jis bjbkbgtis mb digsuki mb ixëabgi bg tu
dubrpi. Bstis gi siji digbgbg pbqubÿos dogmombs mb ixëabgi, shgi
qub rbquhbrbg mb kïs ixëabgi poro qubkor. Koyir dogmom mb ixëabgi
pubmb mhsijvbrsb kblir bg okchbgtbs ojdojhgis qub bg okchbgtbs
ïdhmis. Mb toj kogbro qub, icbgbs ugo sbrhb mb vbgtolos oj dokchor jo
quëkhdo mb tu dubrpi.
Pir oeiro yo tbgmrïs
tbgmrïs ugo kblir pbrdbpdhôg mb jo hkpirtogdho qub bgb
tu ojhkbgtodhôg mhorho poro tu sojum y tu chbgbstor.
chbgbstor. Bj vhbli privbrchi qub
tb bgsbÿorig mbsmb ghÿi timovëo opjhdo< ‚Brbs ji qub dikbs‛.
dikbs‛.
Mbsarodhomokbgtb, gi bxhstbg sijudhigbs fïdhjbs poro bgirkbs

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 23


 

pricjbkos bg jo sidhbmom dig rbspbdti o jo mhbto picrb, diki fukor,


fukor, bj
digsuki mb ojdieij y jo fojto mb blbrdhdhi. Firkos gotur
goturojbs
ojbs mb dikbgzor
o eodbr jo mhfbrbgdho hgdjuybg< koyir
koyir mbsorrijji mbj digidhkhbgti hgtbrgi
mb ugi khski, dbgtrorgis kïs bg jo fbjhdhmom, tbgbr digshmbrodhôg mb
ugi khski y mb jis mbkïs, dokchor o ugo mhbto sojumocjb b hgdrbkbgtor
tu odvhmom shdo. ¡Tôji tbgbkis qub bkpbzor!
Th bstokis mhspubstis o pbgsor dig opbrturo, ugo cubgo suabrbgdho
sbrëo ug bgfiqub (pri)odvi bg jo rbsphrodhôg. Bspbdhojkbgtb ji qub
bstï rbjodhigomi dig jo pèrmhmo mb pbsi, jo rbsphrodhôg dirrbdto pimrëo
vojbr su pbsi bg iri. Jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg sb pubmbg usor diki
ugo fôrkujo rbmudtiro focujiso.

Rgo fôrkujo shkpïdo poro ombjaozor o trov


trovès
ès mb jo rbsphrodhôg

Kb austorëo oarbaor ugo crbvb ehstirho odbrdo mb kh okhai Rkbse, mb


4= oÿis y qub bgb ug Midtiromi bg Fëshdo Otôkhdo Kijbdujor. Rkbse
bs ug dhbgdi mbmhdomi, y jo khshôg mb su vhmo porbdb sbr ug dbgtri
hgghti mb dhbgdhos goturojbs. Bj bs dhbgdi bgtrb jis dhbgdis qub
digizdi.
digiz di. Bj dosi mb kbgdhigor jis ogtbdbmbgtbs odomèkhdis mb Rkbse
bs dig bj pripôshti
pripôshti mb rbsojtor
rbsojtor qub Rkbse gi drbb bg gomo. Pbri,
Pbri, drbb
bg jo rbsphrodhôg dirrbdto y sb eo cbgbdhomi mb bjjo.
Eodb ug por mb oÿis tuvi ug pricjbko dig su pbsi, ji qub mblô
eubjjo bg Rkbse, gugdo ogtbs eocëo shmi bsti ug trostirgi bg su vhmo,
dikchgomi dig ugo mhbto gi sogo y dig eirorhis vorhomis mb dikhmo.
Tb bgfbrkoco dig kïs frbdubgdho y tbgho ugo sbgsodhôg mb bstor fubro
mb bquhjhcrhi, ombkïs su digmhdhôg pbsomo tbgsoco jis küsdujis mb jo
bspojmo y mbsorrijjô mijir mb bspojmo, bsi ehzi qub fubsb mhdhj poro
bj dokhgor jblis. ]okchèg sufrëo mb shgushs drôghdo ji duoj ji jjbvoco o
tbgbr hgtbgsis otoqubs mb kharoÿo dig fubrtbs pugzomos bg jos shbgbs
oj kbgis ugo vbz oj kbs, ombkïs, èj godhô dig bj tochqub mbsvhomi bg su
gorhz y bsti eodho qub bj posi mbj ohrb o trovès mb jo gorhgo mbrbdeo fubro
cjiqubomi, ji duoj ji bkpbiroco.
Duogmi èj bstoco vhvhbgmi bg jo Hgmho pordhpô bg ug dursi mb
progoyoko (digtrij mb jo rbsphrodhôg) dig blbrdhdhis qub tbgëog pir
iclbti pbrmbr pbsi. Gi eocëo blbrdhdhis shdis diki pishdhigbs mb yiao,
dirrbr i jbvogtor pbsos bg bsb dursi. Jo murodhôg mbj dursi bro mb 1
mëos y dosh timis jis blbrdhdhis sb mbsorrijjocog sbgtomis. Jis blbrdhdhis
mb rbsphrodhôg hgdjuëog ugo rbsphrodhôg digstogtb y ojtbrgomo o trovès
mb jo gorhgo mbrbdeo b hzquhbrmo y kïs hgeojodhigbs y bxeojodhigbs
fubrtbs, ujhzogmi jos kogis bg pishdhôg mb ‚sbauri mb kogi‛.
kogi‛. Gi eocëo

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 24


 

rbstrhddhigbs bg duogti o ji qub jis pordhpogtbs pimëog dikbr, shg


bkcorai sb jbs phmhô o jis pordhpogtbs qub rbmulbrog jo hgabsto dofè, tè,
simo, ojdieij y dikhmo kuy arosiso i kuy digmhkbgtomo. Jis blbrdhdhis
sb rbojhzocog 3 vbdbs oj mëo y domo sbshôg muroco mb 42 o =0 khgutis. Bj
sbaugmi mëo su opbti mbsoporbdhô, gh shquhbro tbgëo eokcrb, Rkbse
digguô dig jis blbrdhdhis mbspuès mbj dursi y dikhô girkojkbgtb,
tbgëo qub sbauhr jis blbrdhdhis
blbrdhdhis pir =0 mëos, bg sbrhb, bs mbdhr,
mbdhr, sh ijvhmoco
ugo sbshôg tbgëo qub dikbgzor mb gubvi ug pbrhimi mb m b =0 mëos.
Rkbse pbrmhô ?3 Nhjis (36 jhcros) mbspuès mb ?= mëos. Mbsmb bgtigdbs
shauhô cologmi kïs nhjis sucsbdubgtbkbgtb su pbsi sb eocëo tirgomi
girkoj y bstocjb. Mbsmb bj dursi, rbojhzo 40 khgutis mb blbrdhdhis mb
rbsphrodhôg domo koÿogo domo mëo. O portb mb pbrmbr pbsi, su gorhgo
mbrbdeo sb eo ochbrti y gi sufrb kïs mb mijirbs mb docbzo gh shgushs.
Osë diki jis isis duogmi ehcbrgog y itris kokëfbris qub ehcbrgog
pubmbg rbmudhr su kbtocijhski bg mbsdogsi y pubmbg bstor shg dikhmo
bj hgvhbrgi bgtbri, bj dubrpi eukogi pubmb tokchèg oukbgtor su
kbtocijhski shaghdovokbgtb, bspbdhojkbgtb duogmi jo koyirëo mb
gubstris chjjigbs mb dèjujos trocolog lugtos bg ug shstbko shgdrôghdi
y chbg cojogdbomi. Bsi bs bxodtokbgtb ji qub sudbmb duogmi omiptos
jo rbsphrodhôg dirrbdto y jis blbrdhdhis kbgtojbs pirqub bj kbtocijhski
mb tu dubrpi, osë diki jo ocsirdhôg y jo ujhzodhôg mb jis ojhkbgtis
qub digsukhkis sb kujpjhdog. Bsti gi sijokbgtb idurrb duogmi
rbojhzokis vorhis blbrdhdhis shgi qub diggüo pir eiros pirqub bj
shstbko gbrvhisi y jis ôraogis mbj dubrpi sig rbvhtojhzomis.
rbvhtojhzomis.
Pir oeiro eos duchbrti yo ojaugos pïahgos y tu dbrbcri eo bstomi
trocologmi muri, osë qub oeiro bs kikbgti poro qub odvbs tu dubrpi
du brpi
y tb hgvhti o qub tb ugos oj lubai. Pridbmokis o jis blbrdhdhis prïddis.

SBTPHSODHÔG THG MBTDOGTI 2=


 

‚Oprbgmbkis o eodbr ojai, eodhègmiji.


Gi bxhstb itro kogbro‛
LIEG EIJ]
 

Blbrdhdhis

Sbjolodhôg, digdbgtrodhôg b hkoahgodhôg

Ofirtugomokbgtb bj ortb mb jo rbjolodhôg bs fïdhj mb mikhgor, bj rbti


bs rbdirmorji bg jo vhmo mhorho idupomo y doôdo. Mbsducrhr kikbgtis
mb poz bg jis duojbs pubmos tikor ug mbsdogsi shdi y kbgtoj pubmb
dokchor tu vhmo hgdigkbgsurocjbkbgtb. Th bxhstb ug mbsbquhjhcrhi
bgtrb bj dubrpi y jis pbgsokhbgtis gomo fugdhigorï mb kogbro ôpko.
Dikchgor jo rbjolodhôg jo digdbgtrodhôg y jo hkoahgodhôg pubmb oyumor
o mhrhahrgis eodho ug bquhjhcrhi y eodho ug ôpki fugdhigokhbgti mbj
dubrpi y jo kbgtb.
Rgo rozôg pir jo duoj duojquhbro
duojqu hbro pubmb oprbgmbr o rbjolorsb y o jiaror
tbgbr kblir digdbgtrodhôg bs qub timis sikis sbrbs y rbsphrokis. ]u
rbsphrodhôg bsto shbkprb digai, y oportb mb kogtbgbrtb dig vhmo, bs jo
rbsphrodhôg
kblir ebrrokhbgto qub tbgmrïs poro olustor tu dubrpi y pbgsokhbgtis,
oj pbrdhchr digsdhbgtbkbgtb tu rbsphrodhôg pubmb hguhr bg tus tu s pridbsis
kbgtojbs. Duogmi tu rbsphrodhôg bs kïs prifugmo y kïs jbgto,
outikïdokbgtb vbgmrïg tus pbgsokhbgtis. Pir ji togti, rbsphro tog
suovb y trogquhjokbgtb diki tb sbo pishcjb murogtb bstis blbrdhdhis.
Mbspuès mb ug por mb sbkogos i hgdjusi ug por mb mëos, hgdrbkbgtorïs
tu dopodhmom mb rbjolodhôg y mb digdbgtrodhôg o vijugtom, y pimrïs osë
disbdeor jis frutis mb tu bsfubrzi.
Bj iclbvi mbj ‚Khgmfujgbss‛ qub shaghdo bstor otbgti o jo digdhbgdho,
y mbj OD] (pir us shajos bg hgajbs qub shaghdo ]bropho mb Odbptodhôg
y Dikprikhsi) bs< bgtror bg digtodti dig bj kikbgti prbsbgtb, poro
pimbr jiaror ugo ojbrto dikpjbto mb tu bxpbrhbgdho, mb tu oquë y oeiro.
Pimbr jjbaor o bstor ochbrti y rbdbpvi o ji qub bstïs eodhbgmi. Dig ugo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g otbgto jiarorïs tbgbr ugo bxpbrhbgdho mbj oquë y oeiro pirqub
bsti tb ifrbdbrï ug pugti shdi mb ogdjolb, bs mbdhr qub sb digbdto o
tu shstbko gbrvhisi y o tu bstomi kbgtoj. Th bgdubgtros qub rbjolortb
y digdbgtrortb rbprbsbgto ug rbti oj prhgdhphi mbj bgtrbgokhbgti, bstï
kuy chbg.
Dig frbdubgdho jjbvo ug bkpi poro qub bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb sb rbjolbg.
Digdègtrotbb bg tu rbsphrodhôg y mblo qub uyog tog goturojkbgtb
Digdègtrot goturojkbgtb diki
sbo pishcjb. Rgo vbz qub tu dubrpi y tu kbgtb sb eoyog trogquhjhzomi
sbrï kudei kïs fïdhj digdbgtrorsb bg ugo torbo bspbdëdo qub sb tbgao

BLBSDHDHIT 21
 

o jo kogi.
Jo portb sirprbgmbgtb mb usor bstb pi mb ahkgosho dbrbcroj bs qub jo
tèdghdo bs okpjhokbgtb opjhdocjb y pubmb digbdtorsb o duojquhbr pishcjb
shtuodhôg. Xo sbo bg bj trocoli, bg bj outicüs, ogtbs mb ugo rbughôg,
i prbvhi o ugo dikpbtbgdho otjèdo btd. Duogmi mikhgos jo tèdghdo
pbrfbdtokbgtb, ugis duogtis sbaugmis sbrïg sudhbgtbs poro qub tb
rbjolbs y tb
tb digdbgtrbs. Bg itros pojocros
pojocros ¡pimrïs tikor
tikor ug pimbrisi
pimbrisi
mbsdogsi qub bs kïs bfbdvi qub duojquhbr pimbriso shbsto!

¹Bstïs digsdhbgtb mb tus sbgmis9

Pbrdhchkis oj kugmi bxtbrhir


bxtbrh ir o trovès
trovès mb gubstris dhgdi sbgmis,
sbg mis, tikotb
ojai mb bkpi y rbbxhigo
rbbxhigo dôki pbrdhcbs, ¹Brbs mbj pi mb irhbgtodhôg
kïs vhsuoj, rbdubrmos kïs fïdhjkbgtb jos disos qub eos vhsti, i brbs kïs
chbg ugo pbrsigo qub rbdubrmo kblir ji qub bsdudeo9 Phbgso odbrdo
mb ugo odvhmom posomo rbjologtb qub fubro tu fovirhto y sukèrabtb

bg bjjoOj
shdo9 ¹Bsdudeos
ogor tusjosbgmis
küshdo, jis
vhshtos ug kusbi
ujhzos i prbbrbs ugo
bspigtïgbokbgtb domoodvhmom
mëo poro
jo rbjolodhôg, tokchèg bstïs drbogmi ugo koyir digdhbgdho odbrdo mb jis
sbgmis qub pubmbs odvor bg tus blbrdhdhis mb rbjolodhôg.
rbjolodhôg. Jo kogbro
kogbro
kïs icvho mb digidbrtb o  khski bs hgtbgshdogmi jo digdhbgdho mb
timis tus sbgmis, pbri dikhbgzo dig bj sbgmi qub bs bj kïs goturoj
poro .

Drbor ug okchbgtb podëdi

Jo trogquhjhmom y jo quhbtum sig bxtrbkomokbgtb hkpirtogtbs, duogmi


bgbs qub ‚bsdudeor o tu dubrpi‛ y trocolor dig tu kbgtb. Jjbaorï bj
bkpi bg bj qub oprbgmbrïs o rbjolortb y digdbgtrortb hgdjusi bg ug
okchbgtb ruhmisi y bstrbsogtb, pbri dikhbgzo dig jis blbrdhdhis bg ug
juaor trogquhji. Osbaürotb mb tbgbr ocugmogtb bkpi y drbo tu priphi
‚bspodhi‛ bg migmb pubmos trocolor digai khski y tu rbsphrodhôg.
_uëtotb bj rbjil, opoao tu tbjèfigi dbjujor y prbpïrotb
prbpïrotb poro ugo odvhmom
pjodbgtbro. Th bstïs kuy idupomi, pubmbs, yo sbo pispigbr jis blbrdhdhis
i eodbr sôji ugi i mis mb bjjis. Gi ttbb oprbsurbs eodhbgmi duotri i
dhgdi blbrdhdhis sôji pir qubrbr tbrkhgorjis. ¡Bsi bs üghdokbgtb
primudvhmom!

BLBSDHDHIT 25
 

Jo kblir pishdhôg mbj kugmi

Duogmi vos o proddor jo rbjolodhôg y jo digdbgtrodhôg, jo pishdhôg


odistïgmitb cido orrhco bs pbrfbdto. Jo arovbmom mb jo brro lojo
bquhjhcrogmi tu dubrpi, ji duoj shaghdo qub jis uhmis mb tu dubrpi
diki jo sogarb y jhgfïdis gi bgbg qub kivbrsb
kivbrsb gh o fovir gh bg digtro
mb jo arovbmom. Bstb bquhjhcrhi shdi rbmudb bgsbauhmo bj kbtocijhski
mbj dubrpi, pirqub jis küsdujis y bspbdhojkbgtb bj dirozôg gi bgbg
qub trocolor togti, bgtigdbs, jo trogquhjhmom sb dogojhzo eodho tu kbgtb.
Gi tb rbdubstbs bg ojai mbkoshomi suovb, uso pir blbkpji ugo dichlo,
ug topbtb mb yiao i ug topbtb mb odokpor mb eujb bspuko. Jo bsphgo
mirsoj bgb qub bstor rbjovokbgtb
rbjovokbgtb mbrbdeo y bxtbgmhmo sicrb bj phsi,
sh tu bspojmo bs kuy rëahmo, bs üj pigbr ugo pbqubÿo ojkieomo i ugo
tiojjo bgrijjomo coli tu dubjji i bspojmo colo. Pbri rbdubrmo qub bgb
qub bstor ojhgbomo dig tu pisturo goturoj poro qub gi drbbs tbgshôg gh
bg tu dubjji, gh tokpidi bg tu aoraogto. Th bs pishcjb troto mb mhrhahr tu
corchjjo eodho tu pbdei. ]okchèg pubmbs rbdistortb bg tu doko i sicrb
bj sifï, brbs tü quhbg mbdhmb ¡què tog muro quhbrbs jo supbrdhb!
Duogmi tb rbdubstos cido orrhco bg jo Pishdhôg mb rbjolokhbgti mèlotb
tog subjti diki sbo pishcjb. Bxbgmb tus phbrgos ug pidi y mblo qub
tus phbs dohaog eodho jis jomis. Bg jo khsko pishdhôg subjto tus crozis
jhabrokbgtb
jhabrokbg tb dig jos pojkos mb jos kogis eodho orrhco y jis mbmis
jhabrokbgtb micjomis. Dhbrro tus ilis, pbri osbaürotb mb gi qubmortb
mirkhmi. Thg bkcorai, sh bstïs kuy dogsomi vbtb o mirkhr y pispôg jis
blbrdhdhis.

Pishdhôg mb rbjolokhbgti

Duogmi tbrkhgbs mb proddor, mbcbs rbarbsor suovbkbgtb oj kugmi


rboj. Kubvb jis mbmis mb tus phbs y tus phbs ug pidi, jis mbmis mb tus
kogis y jbgtokbgtb
jbgtokbgtb ocrb tus ilis, duogmi bstès jhst
jhsti
i poro bjji. Mbspuès
mb bsi, ahro eodho jo mbrbdeo y jbgtokbgtb shègtotb. Mbsdogso y sigrëb
pir ug kikbgti ogtbs mb jbvogtortb.
Fïdhjkbgtb pubmbs eodbr jis blbrdhdhis pir  khski, pbri pubmb sbr

BLBSDHDHIT 28
 

mb cbgbdhi eodbrjis dig ug dikpoÿbri qub pubmo jbbr jis blbrdhdhis


bg viz ojto (bg ug tigi trogquhji y pjodbgtbri) eosto qub tb eoyos
fokhjhorhzomi
fokhjhorhzomi dig bjjis.
Jis blbrdhdhis qub shaubg pimrïg oyumortb bg tu rbjolodhôg,
digdbgtrodhôg y vhsuojhzodhôg, diki sb mbsdrhcb jis blbrdhdhis pubmbg
fugdhigor mb mhfbrbgtb kogbro mb pbrsigo o pbrsigo, osë qub bgdubgtro
bgdu bgtro
jis blbrdhdhis qub tb fugdhigbg kblir o .

Dhgdi blbrdhdhis poro jo rbjolodhôg, koyir digsdhbgdho mbj dubrpi


b hkoahgodhôg

?) FRBS\O ASOVH]ODHIGOJ
Motb dubgto dôki tu dubrpi bgtbri sb shbgtb pbsomi y rbjolomi.
Digdègtrotb bg timis jis pugtis mb digtodti mbj kotbrhoj qub sb
bgdubgtro pir mbcoli mb . ]ojigbs, pogtirrhjjo, mbtrïs mb tus kusjis,
ajütbis, bspojmo, eikcris, ogtb crozis, dimis y otrïs mb tu docbzo. Gito
diki tu jbgauo dikpjbtokbgtb rbjolomo yodb bg bj figmi mb tu cido.
Dig ug pidi mb prïddo pimrïs sbgr jo phbj ‚rbscojogmi eodho bj subji‛
pordujorkbgtb ojrbmbmir mb tus ilis y kblhjjos, duogmi sbos dopoz mb
sijtor timo jo tbgshôg bg tus küsdujis y pbgsokhbgtis pbrkhbgmi qub
jo arovbmom trocolb bg tu dubrpi, tus ôraogis vhsdbrojbs pimrïg sbgrsb
pbsomis y rbjolomis. Jo pojocro pbsomi, gi sb rbbrb o ugo prbshôg
hgdôkimo i pbsomo, shgi o ug pi mb prbshôg digfirtocjb y suov
suovb.
b.

3) DROMSI MB TIGHMI

]roto mb firkor ug duomri mb jis sighmis qub tb rimbog, bsdudeo


dig otbgdhôg y mbsducrhrïs qub tus iëmis sig dopodbs mb iër sighmis
qub pricocjbkbgtb gi gitorëos bg tu vhmo mhorho. Phbgso odbrdo mb
jos pbrsigos qub sig dhbaos i dig vhsto mèchj y dôki sb jbs oaumhzo
bj sbgmi mbj iëmi, eodhègmijbs pishcjb iër duogmi posog lugti o ug
ïrcij i ugo pubrto ochbrto. Pubmbs tokchèg bgtrbgor tu eochjhmom mb
bsdudeor bg bstb blbrdhdhi. Mbcbs trotor mb priybdtor ug duomri dig
duogtos hkïabgbs tb sbog pishcjbs. ]ôkotb tu bkpi, sh bsdudeos bj
dogti mb ug ovb, hkoahgo jis dijirbs mbj ovb, su firko, tojjo, môgmb
piso. Th bsdudeos vidbs, bgtigdbs troto mb hkoahgor su oporhbgdho, dôki
bstïg vbsmis, duïgtis sig, btd. Khbgtros kïs vhvos sbog tus hkïabgbs,
kïs bstorïs bgtrbgogmi tu iëmi y tu eochjhmom poro vhsuojhzor. ]roto mb

BLBSDHDHIT 60
 

kivbrtb o trovès mbj bspbdtri bgtbri mbj sighmi y bsdudeo jis mbtojjbs
y jos pojocros shg
shg qub tb mbtbgaos mbkoshomi
mbkoshomi bg bj shaghdomi. Bsdudeo
jis sighmis diki sh fubsbg ug ‚kurkujji‛ mbj duoj pubmbs drbor tus
hkïabgbs.

4) DRBSPI O\RJ-SILI
Hkoahgo qub timi dubrpi bs ozuj, dikpjbtokbgtb ozuj. Oeiro, troto
mb hkoahgor qub bstïs dokchogmi mb dijir. Bj ozuj mb oeiro, dokcho
aromuoj y digtrijomokbgtb o ug prifugmi, rili djori odikpoÿomi mb
ugo sbgsodhôg dïjhmo y pjodbgtbro. Dikhbgzo dig jis mbmis mb jis phbs
y jbvogto tu dubrpi suovbkbgtb — jis tichjjis, jos bsphghjjos, jos rimhjjos,
jis kusjis, jos dombros, bj vhbgtrb, bj bstôkoai, jo bspojmo, bj pbdei,
jis eikcris, jis crozis, jos kogis y gojkbgtb bj dubjji y jo docbzo.
]rocolo muri y bg pordujor, jo kogmëcujo colo, jo jbgauo, jos kblhjjos,
jis ilis, jo frbgtb y jo dirighjjo. Thbgtb dôki jo dirighjjo sb rbjolo, oÿomb
ugo suovb sigrhso o tus jochis y shbgtb diki jo portb mbj dubrpi bg jo
qub tb digdbgtros bkphbzo o dojbgtorsb.

=) AI\I HG]BGTI
]roto mb rbdirmor ug bvbgti kuy hkpirtogtb y bkivi bg tu vhmo, toj
vbz ug trhugfi mbpirvi fogtïsdi, ug bxokbg goj i duojquhbr itro
kbto qub eoyo tbghmi ug shaghdomi bspbdhoj poro . Pubmb tokchèg sbr
ugo bxpbrhbgdho hgtbgso diki bj godhkhbgti mb tu prhkbr ehli ô ojaugo
bxpbrhbgdho shaghdovo mb jo btopo mb jo hgfogdho. Thg kbgdhigor qub
mbcb sbr pishvo y pimbriso qub tb eoao sbgr fbjhz y rbjolomi. ]roto

mb rbvhvhrsbbjjidojhzo
¹Môgmb kikbgti tu tog djorokbgtb
djorokbgt
sbgsodhôg9 b diki troto
]okchèg sbo pishcjb, ¹quèbjsbgstb9
mb odjoror pirquè
bstb hgdhmbgtb tb ehzi tog ¡fbjhz! Khbgtros kïs prodqubs bj bvidor bstb
sbgkhbgti, kïs rïphmi ji pimrïs eodbr bg shtuodhigbs bg jos duojbs
tb pubmo sbr üj. Mb kogbro qub pubmos drbor tu pripho firko mb
rbjolodhôg, qub rbsujtb
rbsujtb bfbdvo,
bfbdvo, diki ug rbkbmhi
rbkbmhi pbrsigoj.

2) BJ POSOËTI
Hkoahgo ug pohsolb sbrbgi, pimrëo sbr ugo kigtoÿo koagëdo, ug joai
bg jo firbsto,
firbsto, igmbogtbs dijhgos vbrmbs i ug idèogi coÿomi mb juz sijor.
sijor.
]okchèg pubmbs rbarbsor bg bj bkpi o ojaüg juaor qub tb bgdogtoco —

BLBSDHDHIT 6?
 

pir blbkpji bj poi trosbri mb jo doso mb tus pomrbs, ô jo mb tus ocubjis,


ô ojaüg juaor sbdrbti y pjodbgtbri. ]roto mb sbgr timis jis ijirbs qub
tbgao bj juaor qub eos hkoahgomi — Bj jorai posti dig jo crhso mb jo
koÿogo, jos ocugmogtbs y dijirhmos irbs, jo frbsduro mbj ohrb jhkphi bg
tus gorhgos, shbgtb jo tbkpbroturo, jo eukbmom, btd. Osë khski, hkoahgo
timis jis sighmis — oauo qub sojphdo, pïloris qub trhgog, hgsbdtis qub
zukcog, bj vhbgti vijogmi jos eilos, btd. Bg bj kikbgti ombduomi
pimrïs bgtrbgor tu kbgtb o toj aromi qub pimrïs bgtror bg tu priphi
poroësi bg duojquhbr kikbgti y bg duojquhbr juaor.
juaor.

BLBSDHDHIT 63
 

Sbsphrodhôg girkoj
 

Cubgis y kojis eïchtis

¹Pir què rbsphrokis9

Jo abgtb rbsphro mb kudeos y mhfbrbgtbs kogbros, pbri ¡dôki ji eodbg


bs hkpirtogtb! Bj pripôshti mb jo rbsphrodhôg bs ictbgbr ixëabgi (I 3)
mbj ohrb y rbkivbr bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi (DI3) bj dubrpi. Khbgtros kïs
pubmos digtrijor bstb pridbsi, tu sojum sbrï kblir.
Duogmi rbsphros y bj ohrb bgtro bg tus pujkigbs, bj ixëabgi bgtro
bg tu sogarb, o domo ugo mb jos dèjujos mb tu dubrpi. Bg bstb pugti,
bj ixëabgi sb digsukb bg bj Dhdji mb Nrbcs (dhdji mbj ïdhmi dëtrhdi), bj
duoj bs ugo dosdomo mb rboddhigbs quëkhdos, qub bgb qub vbr dig jo
trogsfirkodhôg mb jis ojhkbgtis qub eos dikhmi bg rhdos kijèdujos mb
bgbraëo jjokomos O]P (jo cotbrëo mb jos dèjujos) pir kbmhi mb oauo y
bgzhkos. Khbgtros kïs bdhbgtbkbgtb rbsphrbs, pimrïs ojkodbgor kïs
bgbraëo bg tu dubrpi.
Bj primudti bg bstb dhdji bs bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi, bj duoj trogspirto
jo sogarb o jis pujkigbs bg migmb sb jhcbro bg bj ohrb mbspuès mb jo
bxeojodhôg. Th tu rbsphrodhôg bs mbsduhmomo y gi bstï bgtrbgomo, gi
pimrïs jhkphor tu dubrpi opriphomokbgtb, ji duoj tb digmudhrï o jo
foao, mijirbs mb docbzo i ofbdtor
ofbdtor tus ôraogis vhsdbrojbs
vhsdbrojb s gbaovokbgtb.
Jos pjogtos ujhzog mhôxhmi mb dorcigi y jhcbrog bj ixëabgi usogmi
jo bgbraëo sijor mbgtri mb ug pridbsi jjokomi fitisëgtbshs. Jos pjogtos
y jis oghkojbs mbpbgmbg ugis mb jis itris y vhvbg lugtis bg shkchishs.
Osë diki tu dubrpi rbsphro, osë ‚rbsphro‛ domo dèjujo mb tu dubrpi. Tb
jb pubmb vbr o domo dèjujo diki ug iraoghski hgmbpbgmhbgtb, yo qub
primudb su pripho bgbraëo y bgb sus priphis kbdoghskis mb jhkphbzo.
Mbgtri mb jo tromhdhôg Hgmho mbj yiao, sb jbs digidb o jos dèjujos diki
‚pbqubÿos vhmos‛ y jo rbsphrodhôg bs tog go qub trocolo eosto bst
bstbb ghvbj.
Poro qub pubmos kogtbgbrtb sogi y chbg, bs gbdbsorhi qub tus dèjujos
tbgaog jo ipirtughmom mb kogtbgbrsb bg bquhjhcrhi. Rg hkpirtogtb
dikpigbgtb mb èstb bquhjhcrhi, bs rbsphror opriphomokbgtb.
opriphomokbgtb.

Hgeojodhôg y bxeojodhôg

Jo rbsphrodhôg sb dikpigb mb mis portbs< hgeojodhôg y bxeojodhôg, y dig

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 61
 

bj kètimi opriphomi mb rbsphrodhôg, sb jiaro ug ôpki bquhjhcrhi bgtrb


jos mis. Gi gbdbsorhokbgtb shaghdo qub jo hgeojodhôg y jo bxeojodhôg
mbcbg eodbrsb bg bj khski bkpi, pbri së jo khsko dogmom mb ohrb
mbcb hgtbrdokchorsb. Th bxeojos kuy jbgtokbgtb, tu dubrpi odukujorï
mhôxhmi mb dorcigi. O bstb pi mb rbsphrodhôg sb jb mbgikhgo
ehpivbgjodhôg  (ehpi bg arhbai shaghdo ‚mbcoli, ocoli‛ ô ‚kbgis mb
ji girkoj‛) y douso mijirbs mb docbzo y itris pombdhkhbgtis, ji duoj
goturojkbgtb gi bs mbsbocjb. Pir ji digtrorhi,
goturojkbgtb digtrorhi, sh bxeojos rïphmokbgtb i
firzomokbgtb,
firzomokbgtb, bj dubrpi pbrmbrï mb rbpbgtb kudei mhôxhmi mb dorcigi
prividogmi korbis y ugo sbgsodhôg mb phdozôg bg jis mbmis y jochis.
O bstb tèrkhgi sb jb jjoko ehpbrvbgjodhôg  (ehpbr  shaghdo
 shaghdo ‚pir orrhco‛
i mbkoshomi), y pubmbg bxpbrhkbgtorjo jis hgmhvhmuis gbrvhisis i
bstrbsomis. Pir supubsti qub, tokpidi bsto bs ugo cubgo kogbro mb
rbsphror.

Küsdujis bsdojbgis

Eubsi mbj pbdei

Küsdujis bxtbrhirbs
mb jos disthjjos

Mhofroako

Murogtb
Murogtb jo rbsphrodhôg jo dolo tirïdhdo sb bxpogmb y sb colo bj mhofroako.

Kudeo abgtb gi sb mo dubgto mb qub bstïg rbsphrogmi mb kogbro


hgbfbdvo. Thg bkcorai, bs fïdhj oprbgmbr dôki kbliror tu rbsphrodhôg.
Duogmi jjbao eosto ocoli, bj iclbvi bs hgeojor jo khsko dogmom mb
ohrb qub bxeojos. Oj firtojbdbr
firtojbdbr jis küsdujis mb tu dolo tir
tirïdhdo
ïdhdo sb eorïg
kïs bxhcjbs, mb bsto kogbro sb pubmb jiaror ugo rbsphrodhôg kïs
goturoj y orkighiso.
Jo hgeojodhôg dikhbgzo dig jis küsdujis mb jos disjjos qub sb
digtrobg, eodhbgmi qub jos disjjos sb kubvog eodho fubro y eodho
orrhco, ji duoj hgdrbkbgto bj vijukbg mb jo dolo tirïdhdo.
tirïdhdo.
Bj hgdrbkbgti koyir mb vijukbg bs dousomi pir bj mhofroako. Tu
firko mb miki bg bj tipb
tipb sb digtrob mbspjozogmi
mbspjozogmi eodho ocoli jo dovhmom
ocmikhgoj, jogzogmi bj ohrb mbgtri mb jis pujkigbs diki ug arog
phstôg. Mbchmi o qub bstb kivhkhbgti bs bj rbsujtomi mb digtroddhigbs

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 65
 

kusdujorbs, omquhbrb bgbraëo o jo duoj sb jb mbgikhgo pridbsi odvi.


Murogtb ugo hgeojodhôg hgtbgso i sufrhkhbgti rbsphrotirhi, ug arupi
omhdhigoj mb küsdujis ojrbmbmir mb jo dolo tirïdhdo y bg jo aoraogto sb
odvog, pordujorkbgtb jis küsdujis mhoaigojbs y bsdojbgis.
b sdojbgis.
Bg digtrostb murogtb
murogtb jo hgeojodhôg, y diki rbsujtomi mb jo bjosdhmom
qub eog omquhrhmi jis pujkigbs, jo dovhmom tirïdhdo y bj mhofroak
mhofroako,
o, ugo
bxeojodhôg girkoj bs dikpjbtokbgtb poshvo. Jis küsdujis bxtbrhirbs
mb jo dolo tirïdhdo sb rbjolog, osë khski bj mhofroako, bj duoj rbscojo
eodho otrïs eodho su pishdhôg durvo
du rvo goturoj. Bsti douso ug hgdrbkbgti mb
jo prbshôg bg jis pujkigbs y mbj ohrb qub sbrï bxeojomi. Th bstïs gbrvhisi
i bstrbsomi, ug koj eïchti pubmb mbsorrijjorsb duogmi tu bxeojodhôg
sb rbojhzo odvokbgtb. Bg bstb dosi, bstos usogmi bgbraëo poro okcis
pridbsis, bg jo hgeojodhôg, y bg jo bxeojodhôg, drbogmi ugo tbgshôg
og-goturoj bg tu dubrpi qub dig bj bkpi sb bspordhrï o tu pshqub.

Eubsi mbj pbdei

Küsdujis hgtbrhirbs
Mhofroako
mb jos disthjjos

Murogtb jo bxeojodhôg jo dolo tirïdhdo sb dijopso y bj mhofroako vubjvb o su


 pishdhôg hghdhoj.

Rgo rbsphrodhôg rbjolomo, dig ug dijopsi poshvi mbj pbdei y bj mhofroako,


bs ug kuy cubg eïchti qub firkor, bspbdhojkbgtb duogmi bstïs kuy
idupomi dig tus qubeodbrbs mhorhis. _ubrrïs trotor mb rbsphror mb
mhfbrbgtbs
mhfbrbgtbs kogbros pir  khski, y dig tus kogis sbgr môgmb y dduïgmi
uïgmi
sb digtrobg y rbjolog tus küsdujis.
Gubstri arog mhofroako dig firko mb miki, bs bj phvitb mbj pridbsi
mb jo rbsphrodhôg, y digshstb bg ugo sbrhb mb küsdujis y tbgmigbs, bj
duoj bstogmi rbjolomi bs dôgdovi y sb jidojhzo diki ug ordi eosto jo
dovhmom mbj pbdei. Th tb pigbs jos kogis ojrbmbmir mb tu dubrpi pir
mbcoli mb jo dolo tirïdhdo, pimrïs sbgr diki ugo arog pjodo hgtbrhir
sb kubvb eodho tu ikcjhai, duogmi rbsphros prifugmokbgtb. Bstb bs bj
mhofroako, su gikcrb vhbgb mb jo pojocro mhoperossbhg mb irhabg arhbai

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 68
 

qub shaghdo sbporor i bstor bg kbmhi. Bg jo portb supbrhir mb tu dubrpi


bj mhofroako sbporo jo dovhmom mbj pbdei qub digbgb tu dirozôg y tus
pujkigbs mb jo dovhmom ocmikhgoj y sus ôraogis,
ôraogis, tojbs diki
diki bj eëaomi,
eëaomi,
vhbgtrb y bstôkoa
b stôkoai.
i.
Oj frbgtb, bj mhofroako sb omehbrb oj eubsi mbj pbdei, o jis jomis
sb omehbrb o jos disjjos colos, bg jo bspojmo o jo dijukgo vbrtbcroj.
Üghdokbgtb bs pbgbtromi pir bj bsôfoai y jis arogmbs vosis
sogauëgbis. Bj mhofroako pubmb vbrsb diki ug arog phstôg hgtbrhir qub
pubmb dokchor jo prbshôg mb jo dovhmom mbj pbdei, osë diki jo dovhmom
ocmikhgoj, mb toj kogbro qub hguyb bg timis jis ôraogis mb èstos
ïrbos. Gi sijokbgtb bj mhofroako hguyb bg ugou go rbsphrodhôg digstogt
digstogtbb y
porblo, shgi qub tokchèg bgb ugo bgirkb hgubgdho bg jo dhrdujodhôg
jhgfïdo y mb jo sogarb bg bj dubrpi, jo duoj oüg gi eo shmi hgvbsaomo
o digsdhbgdho. Bg gubstro vhmo mhorho, bj mhofroako fugdhigo tishbgmi,
vikhtogmi,, i duogmi vokis oj coÿi. Bsti bs tokchèg jo douso mbj ‚ehpi,
vikhtogmi
bj duoj bs ugo
u go sbrhb mb digtroddhigbs hgvijugtorhos mb gubstris küsdujis
bg bj mhofroako.
Jo fugdhôg kïs hkpirtogtb mbj mhofroako, shg bkcorai, shaub shbgmi
jo vbgjodhôg mb gubstris pujkigbs. Gi icstogtb, sijokbgtb ugis
duogtis jo usog ôpkokbgtb, pir ji togti kudeis sb bgaoÿog, pubs gi
bstïg oprivbdeogmi jis cbgbdhis shdis qub mo ug usi dirrbdti, pbri
dig ugis duogtis blbrdhdhis mhorhis pimrïs eodbr ‚cubgos khaos‛ dig tu
mhofroako.

Vholb mbj ohrb mbgtri mbj dubrpi

Th quhbrbs pimbr digtrijor tu mhofroako y eodbrji kïs bxhcjb y fubrtb,


rbsujto bxtrbkomokbgtb hkpirtogtb qub bj uli mb ohrb sb rbaujb
murogtb jo hgeojodhôg y jo bxeojodhôg. Poro bgtrbgor tu rbsphrodhôg, bs
hkpirtogtb bgtbgmbr dôki fugdhigog jis pujkigbs y jis dirrbmirbs
rbsphrotirhis. Bdebkis ug vhstozi kïs mb dbrdo oj dirrbmir pir migmb
poso bj ohrb o trovès mb gubstri dubrpi y què idurrb murogtb bstb
troybdti. Th dhbrros tus ilis y rbsphros ug por mb vbdbs prifugmokbgtb,
troto mb sbgr dôki bj ohrb uyb mbgtri mb tu dubrpi. ¹O môgmb bgtro bj
ohrb, eodho môgmb uyb, y dôki sb shbgtb9 Bxhstbg mis bgtromos mb ohrb<
bj ohrb pubmb bgtror togti pir jo gorhz diki pir jo cido.
Pbrkëtbkb odjoror bsti mbsmb bj prhgdhphi, jo cido shrvb poro dikbr
y sijokbgtb mbcb usorsb poro rbsphror duogmi jo gorhz bstï icstruhmo
i trocologmi dig mhdujtom. Bxhstbg kudeos rozigbs poro rbsphror pir
jo gorhz, qub hgdjuyb bj ebdei mb qub tu sogarb sb ixëabgo kblir bg jis

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 10
 

pujkigbs.
Duogmi bj ohrb bgtro pir tu gorhz, hgkbmhotokbgtb jis pbqubÿis
vbjjis mbgtri mb jo gorhz jtrog pordujos kïs arogmbs. Bgtigdbs, bj ohrb
prishaub eodho jo dovh
dovhmom
mom gosoj, bg migmb sb eukbmbdb y sb dojhbgto,
dojhbgto,
oj khski bkpi qub pbqubÿos pordujos sb jtrog pir kbmhi mb jo
kbkcrogo kudiso qub jbs rimbo. Mb ebdei, sh usokis gubstro gorhz
opriphomokbgtb, pimrbkis sbr dopodbs mb oprbdhor bstb bxtrbki
ôraogi sbgshvi y sbgsirhoj. Jo dovhmom gosoj pir dikpjbti rbdhcb
cros gbrvhisos mbj shstbko gbrvhisi, osë qub mb bsto kogbro hguyb
bg gubstro sojum y gubstro kbgtb. Bg jo portb supbrhir mb gubstro gorhz
bxhstb ugo dogmom mb dèjujos sbgsirhojbs mbjhdomos jos duojbs pubmbg
mbtbdtor vorhis
vorhis ijirbs,
ijirbs, jo hgfirkodhôg
hgfirkodhôg qub vhbgb mb bjjos sb
sb mhrhab pir
vëo mb cros gbrvhisos eodho bj dbrbcri.
O pbsor mb bsto fugdhôg sbgsirhoj hkprbshigogtb, jo gorhz gi rbdhcb
kudeo otbgdhôg bg bj kugmi iddhmbgtoj, gh dujturojkbgtb, gh tokpidi
kèmhdokbgtb. Bsti pricocjbkbgtb tbgao su irhabg bg qub bg gubstro
bro, bg jo qub jo hgfirkodhôg mbcb mb sbr rïphmo y oddbshcjb, sb prbbrb
jo dikughdodhôg vhsuoj. Ombkïs, yo qub jis sbrbs eukogis sikis
‚dhvhjhzomis‛, gis ebkis ijvhmomi mb gubstri irhabg goturoj y gi
odistukcrokis
odistukcr okis hr pir timis
timis jomis ijhègmigis
ijhègmigis ugis o itris, toj vbzvbz
pirqub gi bs vhtoj poro jo supbrvhvbgdho mb jos bspbdhbs!
Thg bkcorai, hgdigsdhbgtbkbgtb gubstro gorhz bstï bg digstogtb
digstogtb usi
y rbdhcb hgfirkodhôg cbgèdo mb gubstri kbmhi okchbgtb. Tocbkis
chbg qub jis ijirbs pubmbg tbgbr ug bfbdti hgtbgsi bg gisitris, pir
blbkpji gis pubmbg trogspirtor o ojaugo bxpbrhbgdho qub tuvhkis bg jo
hgfogdho, i sh bj ijir bs bspogtisi, eorï qub sb tb rbvubjvo bj bstôkoai.
Bj eikcrb prhkhvi usoco su gorhz kudei kïs y tokchèg mhjotoco sus
gorhgos dig kudei kïs frbdubgdho mb ji qub ji eodbkis gisitris. Pir
blbkpji, pig otbgdhôg o jo kogbro diki eubjbs ugo ir i ug pbrfukb.
p brfukb.
Bs pricocjb qub mhjotbs tus gorhgos y lojbs ohrb eodho jo portb mb orrhco
mb tu gorhz.
Bg bj 300=, jis dhbgdis Shdeorm Oxbj
Oxbj y Jhgmo Cudn rbdhchbrig bj Prbkhi
Gicbj pir su mbsducrhkhbgti mb ug arupi gi digidhmi mb rbdbptirbs mb
ijir bg jos dèjujos ijfotirhos rbdbptiros> su fugdhôg> y su digbxhôg dig
bj dbrbcri. Bsti shaghdô ug arog ovogdb poro ug kblir bgtbgmhkhbgti
mb dôki bs qub jis ijirbs sig hgtbrdbptomis y digdbchmis. Gi icstogtb,
oüg mbsdigidbkis kudei odbrdo mb jo gorhz. Hgdjusi bstï dhrdujogmi
ug mbcotb sicrb sh bs pishcjb jo bxhstbgdho mb ug sbxti sbgmi bg jis
eukogis — bj jjokomi Ôraogi mb Lodicsig.
Oj rbsphror pir gubstro gorhz, gi sijokbgtb gis jhkphokis y bj ohrb sb
dojhbgto, shgi tokchèg sb mbtbdto ugo ‚pjètiro‛ cijso mb hgfirkodhôg

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 1?
 

hkpirtogtb mb gubstri kbmhi okchbgtb. Th rbsphros pir tu cido, timo


bsto hgfirkodhôg sb phbrmb.

Eigmi y prifugmi pir jis pujkigbs

Duogmi bj ohrb sojb mb jo gorhz, shaub posogmi pir jos portbs kïs
bsdigmhmos mbj pojomor mb jo dovhmom iroj, migmb sb bgdubgtro jo üvujo.
Kïs ocoli bg jo aoraogto poso pir jo bphajis, qub bs ugo pbqubÿo
sojhbgtb mb tblhmi mb dorjoai qub sb bgdubgtro pir mbtrïs mb jo jbgauo.
Th bgbs mumo mb môgmb sb jidojhzo tu bphajis, troto mb troaor khbgtros
khbgtros
shbgtbs tu aoraogto, tokchèg troto mb rbsphror oj khski bkpi. ¹Tb
pubmb9 Duogmi rbsphrokis jo bphajis sb ybraub bg pishdhôg brbdto,
pbri dhbrro jo bgtromo o tu trïqubo  poro pritbabr jis pujkigbs tog
prigti bkphbzos o troaor.
troaor. Mb bsto kogbro jis ojhkbgtis sôjhmis y
jëquhmis dirrbg eodho bj bstôkoai y gi bgtrog bg gubstro trïqubo gh bg
gubstris pujkigbs.
Gi kudeo abgtb sb mo dubgto mb qub shg ohrb gi pimrëokis eocjor,
arhtor i dogtor. Jo jorhgab, qub bs gubstro ‚dolo sigiro‛ sb jidojhzo bg
sbauhmo mbcoli mb jo bphajis. Digshstb mb mis dubrmos vidojbs y vorhos
portbs dorjoahgisos. Duogmi jos dubrmos vidojbs sb lojog oj khski
bkpi y bj ohrb poso mbsmb jis pujkigbs, vhcrog y primudbg sighmi. Bs
ugo kbdïghdo mb prbdhshôg
prbdhshôg bg oddhôg, hkprbshigogtb
hkprbshigogtb duogmi jos dubrmos
vidojbs primudbg bsto vorhbmom mb rhdis sighmis bg ug mhsdursi i bg
ugo dogdhôg. Bj ïrbo bgtrb jos dubrmos vidojbs bs jo ajis, y duogmi sb
dhbrro pir dikpjbti,
dikpjbti, bj ohrb gi pubmb
pu bmb posor gh eodho
eod ho mbgtri, gh tokpidi
eodho fubro mb jis pujkigbs. Mb jo khsko firko,firko, jos dubrmos vidojbs gi
sôji fugdhigog poro primudhr sighmi, shgi qub tokchèg pritbabg o jis
pujkigbs oj dbrror
d brrorsb.
sb.
Bg ruto eodho jis pujkigbs, bj ohrb uyb eodho ocoli o trovès mb jo
trïqubo qub eodb ugou go X sojhbgmi mbj
m bj figmi. Bj ohrb otrovhbso mis bspbsos
rokhdodhigbs jjokomos crigquhis qub sb jidojhzog o jo mbrbdeo y o jo
hzquhbrmo mbj pujkôg. Jis pujkigbs porbdbg
p orbdbg mis bspiglos dôghdos, diki
sodis dosh jjbgis eosto jo dovhmom mbj pbdei.
pbde i. Bj kïs arogmb bs bj pujkôg
mbrbdei y sb sucmhvhmb bg trbs jôcujis. Bj pujkôg hzquhbrmi digshstb
mb mis jôcujis y bgb ugo hkprbshôg dormhodo poro morjb bspodhi oj
dirozôg. Kudeis hkoahgog qub jis pujkigbs sig shkpjbkbgtb cijsos
qub sb orruaog y sb bxpogmbg. Jis pujkigbs sig mb ebdei bstrudturos
rokhdomos mb bxdbpdhigoj cbjjbzo y rbkhghsdbgdhos mb arogmbs dijighos
mb diroj.
Jis crigquhis sb mhvhmbg mbspuès bg rokos kïs pbqubÿos crigquhijis

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 13
 

Fhcros gbrvhisos
Dovhmom gosoj
mbj gbrvhi ijfotirhi
Jbgauo
Aoraogto
 ]rïqubo
 ]rïqubo Bphajiths
Bsôfoai

Disthjjo
Pujkôg

Mhofroako

Jis dirrbmirbs mb ohrb supbrhirbs y bj mhofroako.

Togarb ixhabgomo
Togarb mbsixhabgomo

Ojvbijis

Jo sogarb mbsixhabgomo mbj dubrpi tiko ixëabgi bg jis gis vosis dophjorbs
qub yodbg ojrbmbmir mb jis ojvbijis bg jis pujkigbs.

Togarb mbj dubrpi qub


digthbgb kudei mhôxhmi
mb dorcigi y pidi ixëabgi

Ojvbijis

Togarb mbj dubrpi qub digthbgb


pidi mhôxhmi mb dorcigi
y kudei ixëabgi

Jo mhstogdho bgtrb jis vosis dophjorbs y bj ohrb qub bstï bg jis ojvbijis bs kuy
dirto poro pbrkhr qub bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi sb fugmo dig bj ojvbiji y bj
ixëabgi sb tikb mb jo dirrhbgtb sogauëgbo.

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 14
 

Bj pujkôg eukogi bgb kudeos rokhdodhigbs. Bj pujkôg hzquhbrmi (rili) bs


kïs dehdi qub bj mbrbdei (ozuj) pirqub bj dirozôg bstï dijidomi mbcoli mbj
 pujkôg hzquhbrmi. Jis dijirbs rili y ozuj sig rbjjbgis mb pjïsdi poro pripôshtis
hjustrovis.

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 1=
 

qub sb jidojhzog bg jis pujkigbs. Mbsmb oquë, bj ohrb pir g jjbao o su


mbsgi, jis ojvbijis, jis duojbs sig pbqubÿis sodis mb ohrb qub porbdbg
dïsdoro mb uvos pbqubÿos, bgtigdbs, bj ohrb sb hgtbrdokcho bgtrb bj
ixëabgi y bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi. Jis ojvbijis
ojvbijis bstïg bxtrbkomokbgtb
bxtrbkomokbgtb
bspbdhojhzomis poro rbojhzor bsto torbo.
Bg prhkbr juaor jo porbm mb dèjujos mb jis ojvbijis bs kuy mbjaomo bg
ojaugos dopos mb dèjujos qub dirrbspigmbg o kbgis mb ugo khjèshko
portb. Bj ixëabgi sb kubvb jhcrbkbgtb eodho kudeis mb jis pbqubÿis
vosis sogauëgbis (dophjorbs) jis duojbs rimbog o domo ojvbiji. ]okchèg
bsti sudbmb dig bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi qub sb kubvb bg mhrbddhôg
ipubsto, mbsmb jo dirrhbgtb sogauëgbo eosto bj ojvbiji. Ombkïs bj
ixëabgi sb mhsubjvb bg ug jëquhmi diki locôg qub ducrb bj hgtbrhir mbj
ojvbiji kblirogmi bj uli mb ixëabgi. Bstb jëquhmi tokchèg jb shrvb mb
opiyi oj ojvbiji poro bvhtor qub dijopsb duogmi jis pujkigbs bstïg
vodëis, y eodb qub bj ojvbiji bstè mhjotomi mb kogbro ôpko y bg
digtodti dbrdogi dig jo dirrhbgtb sogauëgbo.
Jo bfbdvhmom mb jis ojvbijis sb mbcb tokchèg o qub sig kudeis.
Bxhstbg oprixhkomokbgtb
oprixhkomokbgtb 400 khjjigbs mb ojvbijis qub dirrbspigmbg o
ugo supbrdhb mb oprixhkomokbgtb
oprixhkomokbgtb ?20 k3.

Digtrij dbrbcroj mb gubstro


gu bstro rbsphrodhôg

Bg bj dbgtri mbj dbrbcri yodb ugo tirrb mb digtrij qub digguokbgtb


sb osbauro mb qub tü rbsphrbs mëo y gideb. Bj shstbko gbrvhisi bkhtb
hkpujsis o jis küsdujis outikïdokbgtb bg bj mhofroako y bj pbdei,
y oj khski bkpi rbdhcb sbÿojbs duogmi jis pujkigbs bstïg jjbgis mb
ohrb. Bsto bs jo rbsphrodhôg fugmokbgtoj qub jo abgtb mo pir digdbchmo
pir qub bs outikïdo. Thg bkcorai, pimbkis gi digshmbror bj ebdei
mb qub bg shtuodhigbs mb bstrès jis hkpujsis gbrvhisis rbstrhgabg jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g mbj pujkôg o jo khtom mb su dopodhmom. Oj ghvbj
g hvbj ojvbijor bsti
dirrbspigmb o ug mbdrbkbgti bg bj ïrbo mb jo supbrdhb
supb rdhb mbj Ojvbiji 12
k3.
Pir itri jomi tbgbkis jo eochjhmom mb dokchor digsdhbgtbkbgtb bj
rhtki y jo prifugmhmom
p rifugmhmom mb gubstro rbsphrodhôg mb bsto kogbro rbstocjbdbr
b hgdjusi kbliror gubstro rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg goturoj.
Jo eochjhmom mb digtrijor gubstro rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtbkbgtb bs
dikpjbtokbgtb üghdo y gis eodb mhfbrbgtbs mb jis itris oghkojbs.
Pir blbkpji, bj mbjg bg duogti oj dikpirtokhbgti sidhoj, bj tokoÿi
b hgtbjhabgdho sb osbkblog o jis eukogis pbri gi pisbb jo eochjhmom
mb dbrror
dbrror susu digdhbgdho y rbsphror
rbsphror khbgtros sb qubmo mirkhmi,

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 12
 

pirqub shkpjbkbgtb sb oeiaorëo. Bj mbjg eo rbsubjti bstb pricjbko


pbrkhbgmi qub ug ebkhsfbrhi mbj dbrbcri mubrko y bj itri bstè
mbsphbrti ojtbrgïgmijis.
Jo rbsphrodhôg bstï digtrijomo dbgtrojkbgtb
dbgtrojkbgtb pir bj dbrbcri, bg migmb
bj tojji dbrbcroj rbshmb, bg jo portb colo dbgtroj mbj khski qub rbaujo bj
rhtki y jo hgtbgshmom. Eoy girkojkbgtb ug hgdrbkbgti bg jo dogmom
mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi y gi mb ixëabgi diki kudeis pimrëog drbbr, ji
duoj lubao jo portb kïs hkpirtogtb bg jo rbaujodhôg mb jo rbsphrodhôg.
Pbqubÿis rbdbptirbs bg bj tojji mbj dbrbcri rbahstrog bstb hgdrbkbgti,
y bj dbrbcri oj khski bkpi bkhtb sbÿojbs o jis küsdujis bg jo dolo
tirïdhdo y bg bj mhofroako poro hgdrbkbgtor su odvhmom.
 Jo prôxhko vbz qub voyos o dirrbr, rbojhzo ugo odvhmom qub rbquhbro
mb ug pujsi rïphmi i sh bstïs bstrbsomi troto mb tbrkhgor tu sbshôg dig
jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo jo rbsphrodhôg, bs pricocjb qub bxpbrhkbgtbs
ugo hgtbgso urabgdho mb rbsphror y bsti gi ji douso jo fojto mb ixëabgi
pirqub tus pujkigbs bstïg jjbgis, shgi kïs chbg icbmbdb oj ebdei mb
qub tu dubrpi bstï primudhbgmi mhôxhmi mb dorcigi y bstï trotogmi
mb mbseodbrsb mb èj mb aijpb. Duogmi yo tb eoyos dojkomi i tikomi
ugo rbsphrodhôg jbgto y prifugmo, bj mhofroako sb kivbrï suovbkbgtb
mb orrhco eodho ocoli ifrbdhbgmi ug kosolb digfirtocjb o jis ôraogis
vhsdbrojbs bg jo dovhmom ocmikhgoj.
Mb bsto kogbro tu eëaomi, cozi, pujkigbs, bstôkoai, pïgdrbos b

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 16
 

Dbgtri rbsphrotirhi bg
bj shstbko dbrbcroj
Gbrvhi

Pujkôg

Mhofroako

Cozi
Eëaomi
Bstôkoai

Pïgdrbos
Shÿôg

Hgtbsthgi

BJ dbgtri rbsphrotirhi bskujo o jis küsdujis mb jo rbsphrodhôg ojrbmbmir mb jis


 pujkigbs bg bj mhofroako
mhofroako o trovès mmb
b ugo sbrhb mb gbrvhis (okorhjji).

hgtbsgis, sig hguhmis pir jo rbsphrodhôg


rbsphrodhôg prifugmo, jbgto> dig èsti
jo mhabsôg prikubvb jo sbdrbdhôg mb vorhos bgdhkos y eirkigos.
Oj rbsphror bdhbgtbkbgtb bs pishcjb bjbvor jo prbshôg bg jo dovhmom
ocmikhgoj y mb bsto kogbro hgtbgshdor bj kosolb mb tus ôraogis, ji
duoj bgb ug bfbdti bskujogtb rbmudtir y mb jhkphbzo. Bsto bs itro
cubgo rozôg poro oprbgmbr dôki ujhzor tu rbsphrodhôg pir kbmhi mb
blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg.

Bj shstbko gbrvhisi vhvhbgtb

Jo portb mbj shstbko gbrvhisi qub gi pubmb sbr digtrijomo pir gubstro
pripho vijugtom sb mbgikhgo shstbko gbrvhisi outôgiki, digshstb bg
shkpïdi  y  poroshkpïdi, firkos qub rbaujog jos fugdhigbs vhtojbs
mbj dubrpi. Bstos pubmbg sbr hguhmos pir fodtirbs hgtbrgis y bxtbrgis
togti mb irhabg kbgtoj diki shdi. Okcos portbs mbj shstbko gbrvhisi
bstïg digguokbgtb trocologmi y ji eodbg mb kogbro ogtoaôghdo poro
kogtbgbr bj bquhjhcrhi mb jo sojum.

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 11
 

Jbgauo
Forhgab
Dubrmos vidojbs
Gbrvhi voai

Pujkigbs Dirozôg

Bj arog gbrvhi voai (okorhjji) dirrb mbsmb bj tojji dbrbcroj eodho ocoli o trovès
mbj dubjji o jis pujkigbs, dirozôg y o jis ôraogis hgtbrgis mb jo dovhmom
ocmikhgoj, shbgmi ugo portb vhtoj poro trogquhjhzor bj shstbko gbrvhisi
 poroshkpïdi.

Bj shstbko gbrvhisi shkpïdi bs odvomi prhgdhpojkbgtb pir bj bstrès


y prbporo oj dubrpi poro jo cotojjo. Bg itros pojocros, bs ug kbdoghski
mb supbrvhvbgdho qub oukbgto bj rhtki dormhodi, jo prbshôg mb jo
sogarb, ozüdor bg jo sogarb y mhjoto jos puphjos. ]ikogmi turgis bg jo
rbspubsto mb ‚ aet ogm haet ‛,
‛, bs mbdhr, euybs i pbjbos. Bg jo bvijudhôg
bs gbdbsorhi sbr dopoz mb rboddhigor rïphmokbgtb duogmi sb bgfrbgto
o ug pbjhari hgkbmhoti, pbri sh bj shstbko shkpïdi sb sicrbdorao pir
ug prijigaomi bstrès> bgormbdhmi murogtb jo turco i pir ugo odvhmom
shdo muro, idoshigorï mbsaostb bg bj iraoghski y bgb bj pitbgdhoj
poro jjbvorgis o digsbdubgdhos fotojbs.
fotojbs.
Bj shstbko gbrvhisi poroshkpïdi, shg bkcorai, bgb ugo
hgubgdho dojkogtb, colo bj rhtki dormhodi y jo prbshôg mb jo sogarb y
shkujtïgbokbgtb prikubvb jo mhabsôg y jo ocsirdhôg mb gutrhbgtbs.
Tb turgo bgtrb ‚rbst ogm mhabst ‛, ‛, bs mbdhr, mbsdogsi y mhabsôg. Pir
digshauhbgtb, bs prhkirmhojkbgtb murogtb bj mbsdogsi, jo dikhmo y
bj subÿi qub bj shstbko gbrvhisi poroshkpïdi mikhgo y diirmhgo

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 15
 

bj rbpisi y jo rbabgbrodhôg mbj dubrpi. Bs prhgdhpojkbgtb bsto portb


mbj shstbko gbrvhisi qub ifrbdb vbgtolos qub sb odvog o trovès mb
blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg.
Digshmbrbkis ugi mb jis bjbkbgtis kïs hkpirtogtb bg bj shstbko
poroshkpïdi, bj gbrvhi voai, bj duoj bs bj kïs dikpjbli mb gubstris
gbrvhis. Bg Jog Voaus shaghdo, ‚voaor‛. Tb jb mbgikhgo osë, mbchmi
o su irhabg bg bj tojji mbj dbrbcri, bxbgmb cros gbrvhisos eodho jo
aoraogto y jo portb supbrhir mbj dubrpi y mbj dbrbcri. Bg crbvb, bj
gbrvhi voai digbdto bj dbrbcri o timi bj dubrpi, mbsmb jo jbgauo, jo
forhgab, dubrmos vidojbs, pujkigbs, dirozôg, bstôkoai b hgtbsgi dig
mhfbrbgtbs ajïgmujos qub primudbg bgzhkos y eirkigos hguybgmi bg
jo mhabsôg, bj kbtocijhski y kudei kïs.
Bs kuy hgtbrbsogtb jo digbxhôg y jo hgubgdho digshmbrocjb qub bgb
bj gbrvhi voai dig tus pujkigbs, tu dirozôg y tu dbrbcri. Jo djovb poro
kogblor bj bstomi mb tu kbgtb y bj ghvbj mb bstrès icbmbdb o sbr dopoz
mb odvor jis dogojbs trogquhjhzogtbs mbj shstbko gbrvhisi poroshkpïdi
qub aichbrgo. ]ëphdokbgtb, jo vijugtom gi pubmb digtrijor bsto portb
mbj shstbko gbrvhisi, pbri sh sisbgbs tu rbsphrodhôg pir ug crbvb
hgstogtb y jubai jbgtokbgtb bxeojos, bj gbrvhi voai sb bskujo mogmi
poz o tu dubrpi y kbgtb.
Bg bfbdti, bj firtojbdhkhbgti mbj shstbko gbrvhisi bxhstbgtb tb rbgmhrï
cubgis frutis. Jo kblir ebrrokhbgto qub pubmbs usor bs ug bdhbgtb
bgtrbgokhbgti mb tu rbsphrodhôg. Pubmbs mikhgor bsti pir  khski.
Bj dokhgi poro jiarorji bs o trovès mb jo prïddo mb tu rbsphrodhôg,
kbmhogtb bj yiao.

SBTPHSODHÔG GISKOJ 18
 

Blbrdhdhis

Diki kbgdhigè ogtbrhirkbgtb, jo rbjolodhôg bstï hgbxtrhdocjbkbgtb


jhaomo o jo portb poroshkpïdo mbj shstbko gbrvhisi, o jo duoj sb jb jjoko
mbsdogsi y mhabsôg. Pbrtbgbdb oj shstbko
shstbko gbrvhisi outôgiki mb ‚outi-
pripbjolb‛, pbri oj bgfidorgis bg gubstro rbsphrodhôg y jis kivhkhbgtis
mbj mhofroako, pubmbs hguhr bg bj shstbko bgirkbkbgtb o trovès mbj
gbrvhi voai qub sb bxbgmb mbsmb tu dbrbcri o tus pujkigbs, dirozôg
y itris ôraogis.
Bg pordujor, duogmi bxeojos suovbkbgtb i rbsphros kïs prifugmi mb
ji usuoj, sb odvo bj gbrvhi voai. ]roto
]roto mb dbrror tus ilis, eodhbgmi ugos
mis rbsphrodhigbs bxeojogmi jbgtokbgtb dig ug sighmi oumhcjb diki
ug susphri mb prifugmo sosfoddhôg. Bsti mhjotorï tus pujkigbs y bj
rbsti mbj pbdei, bgtigdbs bj gbrvhi voai kogmorï ugo sbÿoj oj dbrbcri
poro bj rbjolokhbgti. Bs cubgi qub tb shbgtos kïs digfirtocjb. ]oj vbz
tb eoyos sbgmi siÿijhbgti i okimirromi, y sh gi cistbzostb ogtbs,
pricocjbkbgtb pimrïs oeiro. Rg cistbzi jorai, ili y ¡omirocjb! Fëlotb
diki jo portb colo mb tus pujkigbs y bj jomi mbj dubjji sb odvo duogmi
cistbzos. Tig bjbdtri-deiqubs puris sicrb bj gbrvhi voai, eocjogmi
¡djorokbgtb!
Th phbgsos qub jo digbxhôg bgtrb tu rbsphrodhôg y tu kbgtb subgo kuy
jjogi, hgdjusi cogoj, bstïs bg ji dhbrti. Oj khski bkpi, bs vbrmom qub
bsto digbxhôg sb poso pir ojti, y pir togti rorokbgtb bs bxpjitomo. Bs
ugo pbgo, osë qub eoaokis ojai poro rbkbmhorji hgstogtïgbokbgtb.
Th timovëo bstïs cistbzogmi, rbsphro duotri vbdbs fubrtb y rïphmi, mb
sbauri tb bskujorï.
Bj shauhbgtb por mb blbrdhdhis mb rbjolodhôg pubmb sbr rbojhzomi coli jos
khskos digmhdhigbs
digmhdhigbs qub jis dhgdi blbrdhdhis mbj üjki dopëtuji — qub
sb troto
troto mb rbdistorsb
rbdistorsb cido orrhco bg ug juaor
juaor podëdi. Jis blbrdhdhis
sig shkhjorbs o jis prbvhis, pbri tb dbgtros kïs bg tu dirozôg, dubrpi y
rbsphrodhôg.

?) THBG]B ]R DISO\ÔG
Thbgtb tu dirozôg bg tu aoraogto, pir tus iëmis, shbgbs, pjbxi sijor, bg
timis tus mbmis, btd. Hkoahgo qub colos bj pujsi mb tu rhtki dormhodi
usogmi tu kbgtb ¡rbojkbgtb pubmb eodbrsb!

BLBSDHDHIT 54
 

3) JO EBSKITO HKÏABG MB RGI KHTKI


]roto mb khrortb mbsmb ofubro i mbsmb orrhco. Icsbrvo qub tog
orkighisokbgtb sb kubvb tu pbdei mbspodhi eodho orrhco y eodho
ocoli. Icsbrvo qub podëdi y rbjolomi tb vbs, y pordujorkbgtb gito tu
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg qub dikpubsto y suovb
suovb bs. Th tu rbsphrodhôg porbdb
porbdb ug pidi
oahtomo, i tbgso, bgtigdbs tôkotb ug bkpi poro qub ojdogdbs ugo

rbsphrodhôg kïsDigshmbro
y shg bsfubrzi, rbjolomo, jkortb
poro qubkhbgtros
oj goj, porbzdo
rbsphros,bjbaogtb, bdhbgtb,
ombkïs ictbgmrïs
ugo hkoabg fubrtb y digdrbto mb tu rbsphrodhôg, bs kuy kivomir y
sosfodtirhi
sosf odtirhi pimbr kightirbor tu mbsorrijji
m bsorrijji y kblirokhbgti
kblirokhbgti qub bgbs
dig bj bkpi.

Bxhstbg ocugmogtbs, ovogzomos y bxtbgsos tèdghdos pir kbmhi mb jos


duojbs pubmbs kbliror tu digtrij kbgtoj y oyumortb poro jo rbjolodhôg
prifugmo, jo digdbgtrodhôg y pir üjki jo kbmhtodhôg. Pubmbs
hgvbsaor bstis blbrdhdhis pir tu dubgto, duogmi bstès jhsti poro bjji.
Pimrïs bgdigtror kudei kïs odbrdo mb bstis tbkos, yo sbo bg jhcris i
pir kbmhi mb jo abgtb, quhbg pubmb ifrbdbrtb oyumo y auëo prifbshigoj.
]okchèg pimrïs mbsorrijjor y pricor gubvis blbrdhdhis pir  khski. Bs
shbkprb hgtbrbsogtb
hgtbrbsogtb cusdor gubvis
gu bvis eirhzigtbs,
eirhzigtbs, y oj goj gi hkpirto què
tèdghdo bsdilos, shbkprb y duogmi sbo bdhbgtb y o  tb fugdhigb. Rgo
vbz qub eoyos oprbgmhmi o rbjolortb y jiarbs tbgbr koyir digsdhbgdho mb
tu dubrpi y tu kbgtb, pimrïs usor jos eochjhmombs fugmokbgtojbs qub
yo pisbbs y qub sig gbdbsorhos poro trocolor shaghdovokbgtb dig tu
rbsphrodhôg.

Jo rbsphrodhôg goturoj

Jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg pubmbg rbojhzorsb bg duojquhbr juaor y bg


duojquhbr kikbgti. Gi pbrturcorïs o gomhb, pirqub bs pricocjb qub
jos pbrsigos gh shquhbro gitbg qub tü bstïs bxpjirogmi y blbrdhtogmi. O
trovès mb jo rbsphrodhôg rïphmokbgtb pimrïs bgtror bg digtodti dig tu
dubrpi, trogquhjhzorji b hgdrbkbgtor tu dopodhmom mb vhsuojhzodhôg. Jo
koyirëo
koyir ëo mb jis blbrdhdhis mb yiao y mb rbsphrodhôg sb rbojhzog kblir dig
bj bstôkoai vodëi, pbri blbrdhdhis jhabris pubmbg proddorsb mbspuès
mb eocbr dikhmi. Mb ebdei bs kuy oaromocjb rbjolorsb mbspuès mb
dikbr y ixhabgor tu dubrpi poro kbliror jo mhabsôg. Thg bkcorai, tu
pujsi hgdrbkbgtorï y bj kbtocijhski goturoj mb tu dubrpi sb bjbvorï
mbspuès mb jo dikhmo pirqub jo dikhmo mbcb sbr kijhmo y ocsirchmo.

BLBSDHDHIT 5=
 

Bsti gi pubmb eodbr jo mhfbrbgdho, yo qub jo bsbgdho mb jis blbrdhdhis bs


dbgtrorgis bg bstor digsdhbgtb mb jo rbsphrodhôg. Osë qub dhbrro tus ilis,
bsdudeo, shbgtb y mhjb ¡eijo! O tu pripho rbsphrodhôg.
rbsphrodhôg.
Bgsbauhmo tbgbkis duotri blbrdhdhis qub pir kbmhi mb firtojbdbr jo
digdhbgdho mb tu rbsphrodhôg mb sbauri jo vijvbrï
vijvbrï kïs goturoj y orkighiso.
Jis blbrdhdhis pubmbg rbojhzorsb bg jo Pishdhôg mb Sbjolokhbgti.
Dikhbgzo pir jbbr jis blbrdhdhis y blbdütojis mbspuès, i tbg ug okhai
i dikpoÿbri qub tb jis jbo bg viz ojto, khbgtros shkujtïgbokbgtb jis
rbojhzos.

?) GBR]SOJ
Sbsphro o trovès mb tu gorhz. Th shbgtbs diki qub bg
Sbsphro bgbs
bs qub rbsphror pir
jo cido, i toj vbz bxeojor pir tu cido, bstï chbg bg bstb blbrdhdhi. Sbsphror
goturojkbgtbb shg dokchor tu rhtki pir bstor pbgsogmi mbkoshomi bs ji
goturojkbgt
kïs hkpirtogtb.

3) O
 O]BGDHÔG
]BGDHÔG
Bj shauhbgtb posi bs icsbrvor y kbliror bj bgtbgmhkhbgti mb tu
rbsphrodhôg. Sbsphro
Sbsphro diki sb mbsdrhcb orrhco, pbri lotb dôki sb shbgtb
duogmi bj ohrb bgtro y uyb pir tus pujkigbs. ¹Tb shbgtb sbdi9 ¹_uè
tog orrhco jjbao bj ohrb bg tu gorhz9 ¹Tb kubvbg jis vbjjis mb jo gorhz9
¹Dôki sb shbgtb bj ohrb bg tu aoraogto9
aoraogto9 ¹Phdo bg jo aoraogto
aoraogto i sb shbgtb
digfirtocjb9
digfirt ocjb9 Dhbrro jis ilis y bsdudeo tu rbsphrodhôg ¹Diki subgo9 ¹Mb
môgmb vhbgbg jis sighmis9 ¹Tig mhfbrbgtbs jis sighmis duogmi hgeojos
qub duogmi bxeojos9 ¹Bstï bj ohrb kïs dojhbgtb, kïs frëi, kïs eükbmi,
duogmi bxeojos9 ¹Jjbao o tidor bj ohrb tu jochi supbrhir9 ]roto mb rbsphror
pir tu cido. ¹Tb shbgtb kïs goturoj9 ¹Kïs rbjologtb ô kïs bstrbsogtb9
¹Bs kïs fïdhj kogtbgbr ug rhtki bg tu rbsphrodhôg kïs suovb y goturoj
rbsphrogmi pir tu gorhz i pir tu cido9 ¹_uè pi mb rbsphrodhôg bgtro
kïs prifugmi bg tu bstôkoai9
Ji kïs hkpirtogtb mb bstb blbrdhdhi bs mortb dubgto mb qub domo
pbqubÿi mbtojjb mb tu rbsphrodhôg — khbgtros kblir digizdos o tu
rbsphrodhôg, kblir pimrïs dokchorjo y ipkhzorjo. Bj rbti mb bsto torbo
bs icsbrvor y sbgr timos bstos disos shg ofbdtor tu rhtki goturoj. Gi
tb shbgtos frustromi/o sh sb tb ijvhmo rbsphror i sh sb rikpb bj rhtki mb
tu rbsphrodhôg, pirqub bsto sb rbstocjbdbrï pir së khsko. Mbspuès mb
eocbr proddomi bstb blbrdhdhi pir ug por mb mëos, pimrïs icsbrvor
tu rbsphrodhôg pir ug pbrhimi kïs jorai shg qub digsdhbgtbkbgtb ji

BLBSDHDHIT 52
 

dokchbs y mbsducrhrïs qub tu rhtki sb eo vubjti kïs suovb y mhgïkhdi.

4) SH]KI X PRJTI
Eos oeiro ojdogzomi ug kblir bgtbgmhkhbgti mb tu rbsphrodhôg,
rbsphrodhôg, osë qub
bs bkpi mb khror kïs mb dbrdo jo rbjodhôg bgtrb bj rhtki y bj pujsi.
]roto mb bgtbgmbr tu priphi rhtki goturoj. Pir blbkpji, ¹duïgtos vbdbs
rbsphros pir khguti9 Th sb tb eodb kuy mhdhj mb digtor bj bkpi y tus
rbsphrodhigbs shkujtïgbokbgtb, bgtigdbs jkotb o  khski i pëmbjb o
ojaüg okhai/o qub tb oyumb.
Th bgbs ug rbjil mb pujsi qub pubmo kightirbor tu pujsi, sbrï
titojkbgtb fïdhj, sh gi, dijido ug mbmi bg jo ortbrho dorômo bg migmb
jo kogmëcujo mo jo vubjto eodho bj jôcuji mb jo irblo. Th bs gbdbsorhi
pubmbs rbdistortb mb jomi — sbrï kïs fïdhj vbr bj mbspbrtomir o tu jomi.
Th gi pubmbs jidojhzor tu pujsi dig tu mbmi, quèmotb odistomi y bsdudeo
o jo ojkieomo pimrïs bg dokchi iër tu pujsi. ]okchèg troto mb luaor
dig jo prifugmhmom mb tu rbsphrodhôg. Duogmi rbsphros prifugmokbgtb i
rbsphros rïphmokbgtb, tb morïs prigti dubgto diki sucb bj pujsi. ]roto

ymbjosbgr diki bj pujsi


bxeojodhôg. pDuogmi
ujsi bstïrbsphros
rbjodhigomi mhrbdtokbgtb
bj pujsi dig jo hgeojodhôgy
sucb hgkbmhotokbgtb
murogtb jo bxeojodhôg colo. ]roto mb hgeojor prifugmokbgtb y shbgtb
bj pujsi. ]okchèg troto mb bxeojor kuy jbgti — tu pujsi pubmb hgdjusi
color kbgis qub bj pujsi goturoj mb mbsdogsi (jomis pir khguti).

=) ]R SH]KI GO]RSOJ
Oeiro poro mbtbrkhgor tu rhtki goturoj, khro bj potrôg mb jo durvo mb jo
rbsphrodhôg. Bsti kubstro bj dhdji rbsphrotirhi dig ug dhdji qub digshstb
bg ugo hgeojodhôg y ugo bxeojodhôg. Oeiro, troto
troto mb kordor bj bkpi mb
tu dhdji pbrsigoj mb rbsphrodhôg, jjbvogmi ug rbahstri mb duogti tb jjbvo
rbsphror eodho mbgtri y fubro o ug rhtki mb ?0 vbdbs ji qub rbsphros oeiro.
Mhvhmb bsti bgtrb ?0 y tbgmrïs jo kbmhmo mb ug dhdji mb rbsphrodhôg. Th
pir blbkpji, o tu dhdji rbsphrotirhi jb tiko 2 sbaugmis, tb bgdubgtros
eodho jo mbrbdeo mb jo durvo,
du rvo, diki ji hgmhdog jis gükbris tb bgdubgtros
bg ug bstomi rbjovokbgtb rbjolomi. Th pir itri jomi, jb jjbvo o tu dhdji
rbsphrotirhi ?-3 sbaugmis bstïs toj vbz bstrbsomi i eos ebdei ug pidi
mb blbrdhdhi shdi. Bstb vojir bskomi sbrï bj rhtki goturoj mbj mëo. Oj
bkpi, oj hr ovogzogmi eodho jo mbrbdeo mbm b jo durvo, ojdogzorïs
ojdogzorïs ug rhtki
kïs prifugmi, kïs dojkomi, kïs suovb y ugo rbsphrodhôg kïs mhgïkhdo.
Duogmi sb koghbsto diki ojai pbrkogbgtb y goturoj, tu ‚gubvo‛
rbsphrodhôg, bxpbrhkbgtorïs shg mumo kudeos vbgtolos pishvos shdos

BLBSDHDHIT 56
 

y kbgtojbs, qub pubmb


pu bmb crhgmor ugo
u go rbsphrodhôg bdhbgtb. Pishcjbkbgt
Pishcjbkbgtb,
b,
ogito tu rhtki mhorhi bg bj dojbgmorhi y mhsfruto mbj priarbsi qub
bxpbrhkbgtorïs murogtb jos shauhbgtbs sbkogos y kbsbs, jis duojbs
eocrïs ojdogzomi o trovès mb ugo koyir digsdhbgdho y bgtrbgokhbgti
mb tu rbsphrodhôg. Th bstïs bgfbrki i bstrbsomi, prigti gitorïs qub
bstïs pishdhigomi kïs eodho jo hzquhbrmo y bgbs ugo rbsphrodhôg kïs
mbsduhmomo, ji duoj gi bs goturojkbgtb
goturojkbgtb ôpko.

Tbaugmis
? 3 4 = 2 6

Hgeojodhôg

Durvo mb jo rbsphrodhôg qub hgmhdo jis sbaugmis. Th bstïs bstrbsomi


bstrbsomi,, jo hgeojodhôg
 pimrëo tikor üghdokbgtb ug sb sbaugmi
augmi — i kbgis. Th bsbstïs
tïs rbjolomi y ddojkomi,
ojkomi, jo
hgeojodhôg pimrëo tikor ojaugis sbaugmis.

BLBSDHDHIT 51
 

Portb HH

Sbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb
Jo portb HH eorï qub digizdos mhfbrbgtbs ospbdtis mb jo rbsphrodhôg
digsdhbgtb. Oprbgmbrïs diki eodbr tu rbsphrodhôg kïs bdhbgtb mb toj
kogbro qub firkorï ug pubgtb kïs fubrtb bgtrb tu dubrpi y tu kbgtb.
Bj yiao tb bgsbÿorï diki bstor kïs ojbrto mb tus sbgmis y tb
hgtrimudhrïï jis bjbkbgtis djovbs mbj progoyoko (digtrij mb jo rbsphrodhôg).
hgtrimudhr
]okchèg sb tb hgtrimudhrï bg bj ortb mb jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo diki sb
proddo bg bj cudbi jhcrb. Èsti pubmb porbdbr mbsoogtb pbri pubmb
eodbrsb dig sbaurhmom y bgb bj pitbgdhoj poro drbor ug koyir digtrij
mb tu kbgtb. Dbgtrorsb
Dbgtrorsb kïs bg jo rbsphrodhôg pubmb oyumor o ipkhzor
tus odvhmombs mhorhos y ojti rbgmhkhbgti bg jis mbpirtbs. Kïs oüg
usor tu dubrpi y rbsphror pir dikpjbti tb eorï fubrtb y sojumocjb. Bg
dosi qub tb bgfbrkosbs, jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg pubmbg tokchèg
oyumor o rbdupbrortb kïs rïphmi. Fhgojkbgtb bj trocolor odvokbgtb
dig tu rbsphrodhôg y tus pbgsokhbgtis pubmb ojhabror bj mijir murogtb jo
bgfbrkbmom, bj bkcorozi
bkcorozi y bj godhkhbgti mb ug ghÿi.

Bj digdbpti mbj trotomi mb jo rbsphrodhôg sb digstruyb mb kogbro bg


qub tus eïchtis mb rbsphrodhôg priarbsbg goturojkbgtb oj eodbr jis
blbrdhdhis mb dophtuji bg dophtuji. Jo vorhbmom mb blbrdhdhis firtojbdbr
firtojbdbrïï jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g mb tus küsdujis y ogorï tu shstbko gbrvhisi mb toj kogbro
qub ojdogdbs tu vbrmombri pitbgdhoj.
 

Sbsphrodhôg bgtrbgomo
 

Jjbaor o sbr sojumocjb o


trovès mbj yiao

Jo vhshôg eijësdo

Bj yiao bs ugo dhbgdho ogauo mbj sur mb Osho sb lusdo kïs qub gugdo
digidbrjo bg gubstri oahtomi kugmi iddhmbgtoj. Th tü hgkbmhotokbgtb
ji osidhos o gubvb bjbfogtbs dig dijo, irbs mb jiti b hgdhbgsi mujdb, gi
tb prbidupbs, gi bs gomo rori. Bj yiao eo shmi dig frbdubgdho vhsti diki
ojai khstbrhisi y sbdrbti.
Bg abgbroj bj pripôshti mbj yiao bs crhgmortb ugo gubvo vhmo o trovès
trovès
mb ugo koyir hgtrispbddhôg bg tu dubrpi y pbgsokhbgtis. Bg bj yiao jo
rbsphrodhôg bs bj bjbkbgti dbgtroj pirqub
rbsphrodhôg pirqub tb pubmb kistror diki
diki ughr
bj bspodhi bgtrb tu pbrsigo shdo y tu pbrsigo kbgtoj.
Bg bj dopëtuji ogtbrhir jbëstb odbrdo mb dôki bstï ughmi tu dubrpi dig
tu kbgtb y dôki trocolo tu rbsphrodhôg. Bstb
Bstb digidhkhbgti fugmokbgtoj
bs bxtrbkomokbgtb hkpirtogtb
hkpirtogtb pbri hgdjusi sh eos jbëmi vorhis jhcris mb
tbxti mb ogotikëo y shijiaëo eukogo, bsti gi kblirorï
kblirorï tu rbsphrodhôg.
Bj sbaugmi, dikchgo bj digidhkhbgti dhbgdi mb tu dubrpi dig
blbrdhdhis prïddis mb rbsphrodhôg, pimrïs sodor privbdei mbj bkpi
qub hgvhbrtos, ofirtugomokbgtb, bj yiao bs bj dokhgi dirrbdti o sbauhr,
yo qub ghgaugo itro mhsdhpjhgo i dhbgdho bg bj kugmi bs tog prifugmo y
mbtojjomo dig rbspbdti o jo digbxhôg shdo-kbgtoj.
  Poro pimbr bgtbgmbr pir què jo rbsphrodhôg bstï sustbgtomo tog
prifugmokbgtb bg bj pugti mb vhsto eijësdi. Bs bsbgdhoj socbr jis
ogtbdbmbgtbs bg jo ehstirho mbj yiao, dig bsti pubmbs oajikbror
duomris mhfbrbgdhomis mb pbgsokhbgtis qub pbrkbog jos rbjodhigbs
bgtrb bj dubrpi, jo kbgtb y jo goturojbzo qub o trovès mb khjbs mb oÿis
eog posomi mb abgbrodhôg bg abgbrodhôg.
Jo arog hmbo mbj yiao bs qub timos jos disos bstïg digbdtomos y gi
pubmbg sbr mhvhmhmos bg ughmombs
u ghmombs ohsjomos. Jo pojocro yiao sb irhahgo mb
jo roëz yul  qub
 qub quhbrb mbdhr ‚ughôg‛.
Bj yiao bs ug kètimi poro digbdtor bj dubrpi, jo kbgtb y ojko, osë
diki bj ojko hgmhvhmuoj y jo ughvbrsoj. Xiao bs jo rbdigbxhôg dig tu sbr
hgtbrhir poro kbliror jos rbjodhigbs dig itros pbrsigos, dig jo goturojbzo
goturojbzo

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO 84
 

y dig bj ughvbrsi. Oj bxpogmhr tu digdhbgdho sb eodb pishcjb ojdogzor


oqubjjo bgbraëo qub sb bgdubgtro bgtrb tu dubrpi shdi y tu bxhstbgdho,
jjokomo ojko. Duogmi bj ojko bs jhcbromo pubmb bstocjbdbr digtodti
dig bj ojko ughvbrsoj mb jo vhmo> Oj vbr bj yiao mb èsto kogbro tb morïs
dubgto qub èstb bs kudei kïs qub pishdhigbs fosdhgogtbs mbj dubrpi,
hjukhgogmi jo kbmhtodhôg y jo kimbrodhôg. Xiao bs jo hgtbarodhôg mbj
okir y jo èdo, qub tb ifrbdb ugo kogbro mb irhbgtor tu vhmo bg bstb
kugmi.
Bj yiao bs poro bj usi mb timis, o pbsor mb qub sb drbô irhahgojkbgtb
diki ugo jëgbo mb pbgsokhbgti ehgmuhsto, bg jos ogauos bsdrhturos
yiao sb mbsdrhcb diki o sorvoceouko, bj duoj bg sogsdrhti quhbrb mbdhr
‚poro timis‛. Bgtigdbs bj yiao sb drbô poro timis jis eikcrbs y bs
pishcjbkbgtb jo dhbgdho kïs ogauo mbj
m bj kugmi, ug kètimi shstbkïdi
dig bj pripôshti mb kbliror jo sojum, prbvbghr y duror bgfbrkbmombs
mblogmi bg  poz y fbjhdhmom.

Bj yiao bs kbrokbgtb ugi mb jis dhgdi shstbkos djïshdis qub digstuybg


bj dirozôg
dirozôg mb khjbs mb oÿis mb jisio ogauo, hgmho ehgmü. Mb odubrmi
o bsti bj hgmhvhmui pumb mbsorrijjor y ictbgbr digidhkhbgti hgtbrhir,
hgtbrhir, mb
jos kïs bjbvomos vbrmombs ughvbrsojbs o trovès mbj yiao, bsti sb icbgb
oj bgtbgmbr rodhigojkbgtb jo rbojhmom mb jos bxpbrhbgdhos pbrsigojbs osë
diki oj odbptor y bgtbgmbr jos jbybs mb jo goturojbzo y jos fubrzos qub
jb mog firko oj ughvbrsi.
Jo hmbo fugmokbgtoj qub dikportbg jis shstbkos jisôdis bs qub
jo douso mb timi sufrhkhbgti eukogi bs jo hagirogdho mb gubstri ojti
pitbgdhoj, bj yiao bs bj ortb mb jo vhmo qub prbsdrhcb dôki bj eikcrb,
o trovès mb jo mhsdhpjhgo y bj digidhkhbgti, pubmb dujvor bj dubrpi,
jo kbgtb y bj ojko mb toj kogbro qub ictbgao ugo vhmo bquhjhcromo,
sojumocjb y fbjhz. O pbsor mb qub bj yiao dikhbgzo mbsmb y pir bj
hgmhvhmui, bj pripôshti bs tokchèg cbgbdhor o itris. Rg sbr eukogi
sojumocjb y orkighisi hrromho bgbraëo pishvo y poz o su ojrbmbmir.
ojrbmbmir.
Bj yiao gi bstï fugmomi bg drbbgdhos rbjhahisos shgi kïs chbg hgtbgto
sbr ug pugti mb pormo poro jo bgbraëo ughvbrsoj i bj ojko qub pbrkbo
y oghko timi. Jo jisio mbj yiao sb eo bspordhmi eodho arogmbs
bxtbgshigbs mb Osho y sb prbsbgto mb vorhos ffirkos,
irkos, tojbs diki Cumhski
\bg lopigès y ]oiëski dehgi y o trovès mb jo ehstirho eo hguhmi eosto
dhbrti pugti bg bj kugmi iddhmbgtoj. Bj kïs gitocjb bkcolomir mb jo

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO 8=
 

Tb drbb qub Pogtoglojh bsdrhchô bj prhkbr djïshdi mb bsdrhturos mbj yiao. Oquë sb
jb prbsbgto dig ugo dicro mb 1 docbzos bgrisdomo o su ojrbmbmir.

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO 82
 

jisio eukhjmb y rbspbtuiso mbj yiao eiy bg mëo bs shg mumo ]bgzhg
Ayotsi, bj mèdhki duorti Mojoh Joko mbj ]ëcbt, o quhbg bg ?858 jb fub
itiraomi bj prbkhi gicbj mb jo poz, bj phigbri mbj yiao sb prbsukb
qub bs Pogtoglojh , quhbg bsdrhchô bj djïshdi Xiao Tutro
Tut ro eodb kïs mb 3000
oÿis. Pogtoglojh gi hgvbgtô bj yiao pbri bj Xiao Tutro bs bj midukbgti
kïs ogaui qub gis privbb mb ogtbdbmbgtbs
ogtbdbmbgtbs togti tbôrhdis
tbôrhdis jisôdis
jisôdis
diki prïddis poro jos odvhmombs mbj yiao.
Diki kudeos itros mhsdhpjhgos prïddos, bj yiao gi pubmb sbr
hgtbjbdtuojhzomi,, bgb qub sbr proddomi o trovès
hgtbjbdtuojhzomi trovès mb jo bxpbrhbgdho.
bxpbrhbgdho. Ji
kblir bs bgdigtror ug kobstri mb yiao dikpbtbgtb, quhbg tb pubmo
bgsbÿor bj yiao dig kobstrëo y tb bgsbÿb jos pishdhigbs qub tb mbg jo
irhbgtodhôg sicrb jis prhgdhphis mbj yiao. Th gi pubmbs bgdigtror bsb
pi mb kobstri shaub shbgmi hgtbrbsogtb qub okpjëbs tu digidhkhbgti
mbj yiao y dig duhmomi hgtbgtbs ojaugos tèdghdos cïshdos.

Jos vbgtolos mbj yiao

O jis frutis mbj yiao sb jbs jjoko shmmehs, oporbdbg diki dokchis
bg tu dubrpi, kbgtb y ojko, bg sogsdrhti shmmeh  shaghdo
  shaghdo ojai qub eo
shmi ojdogzogmi, jiaromi, dikpjbtomi i dukpjhmi. Ojaugos mb bstos
duojhmombs sig jos shauhbgtbs< cubg opbti, mhabsôg, ug dubrpi qub
eubjo o sumir, ug sumir jhkphi, sojhvo djoro, kbgis kidi, ousbgdho mb
bgfbrkbmombs, bjbvomi bspërhtu, ugo pshqub fubrtb, cubgo oporhbgdho,
ugo auro bscbjto, phbj crhjjogtb, ilis djoris, ebrkiso viz, kbgis
gbdbshmom mb subÿi, arog vojbgo y bgtushoski, fubrzo pjbgo y digtrij
mb tu urabgdho
u rabgdho sbxuoj.

‚Bj yiao trocolo bg tu digdhbgdho. Bj yiao trocolo bg tu hgtbjhabgdho. Bj yiao


trocolo bg tus sbgmis. Bj yiao trocolo bg tu dorgb.
Bj yiao trocolo bg jis ôraogis mb jo pbrdbpdhôg.
Pir ji togti sb jb digidb diki bj ortb ajicoj‛
aj icoj‛
C.N.T. HXBGAOS

Duojquhbro qub prodqub yiao ug por mb vbdbs domo sbkogo, pimrï


ictbgbr bstos vbgtolos. Th proddos hgtbgsokbgtb, jis dokchis sbrïg
pordujorkbgtb mhsgtis. Bg 3004 duogmi bstoco bgtrbgogmi poro bj
rbdirm kugmhoj mb cudbi jhcrb pir prhkbro vbz, bstoco kuy mhsdhpjhgomi
y mbmhdomi o kh prïddo mhorho mb yiao. Bxpbrhkbgtè kudeis mb jis
dokchis qub orrhco sb kbgdhigog, tbgëo ugo arog dogmom mb bgbraëo.
Ombkïs siji mirkëo pir 2 i 6 eiros domo gideb, pbri mbspbrtoco

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO 86
 

dikpjbtokbgtb rbpubsti y frbsdi domo koÿogo. Rgo btopo kuy


pishvo bg kh vhmo, y gi tbgai mumo mb qub jo douso eoyo shmi o trovès
mb kudeos eiros mb prïddo mbj yiao y jo rbjolodhôg. Ogtbrhirkbgtb,
bg itros btopos mb kh vhmo eocëo bstomi proddogmi mbpirtb, togti i
hauojkbgtb muri, pbri gugdo ogtbs eocëo bxpbrhkbgtomi toj orkigëo y
rbsbrvo mb bgbraëo.
Bstokis digsdhbgtbs mbj ebdei mb qub jos pishdhigbs mb yiao, o
koyir i kbgir aromi hguybg bg bj dubrpi oj dokchor jo dhrdujodhôg
mb jo sogarb, mogmi kosolb bg jis ôraogis hgtbrgis y o jos ajïgmujos
primudtiros mb eirkigos osë diki firtojbdhbgmi bj shstbko gbrvhisi.
Bg bfbdti, bstos sig kuy üjbs oj privbbr mb sojum mhorho y sig
ebrrokhbgtos bkhgbgtbs poro trotor digmhdhigbs diki mbsbquhjhcrhi
kbtocôjhdi, prbshôg mb sogarb bjbvomo, bstrès, mhocbtbs, osko, phbj
hkpuro, hgmhabsôg, sicrbpbsi y mbprbshôg pir kbgdhigor ojaugos.
 Osë diki bxhstb, ugo vhshôg djoro y ugo oumhdhôg djoro tokchèg bxhstbg
jis rbsujtomis süpbr goturojbs, diki jo eochjhmom mb bgtror bg bj dubrpi
mb itro pbrsigo, pimbr vijvbrsb hgvhshcjb, eodbr dukpjhr tus mbsbis,
bxpogmhrtb bg bj bspodhi, digtrijor timi, digtrijor jo julurho, vijor, hr o
duojquhbr juaor qub mbsbbs (hgdjusi
(hgd jusi o jo jugo) y vhvhr fubro mb jis ïtikis.
Thg bkcorai bstis shmmehs gi sig ji üghdi mhdhj mb jiaror shgi tokchèg
sig mhdhjbs mb bgtbgmbr y rbquhbrbg digidhkhbgti y digtrij qub sb
bgdubgtro kïs ojjï mb ji ojdogzocjb poro jo koyirëo mb jo abgtb.
Pbri, sh quhbrbs socbr dôki vijvbrtb hgvhshcjb, tb suahbri qub jbos
odbrdo mb dôki jo juz sb mbsvëo i dôki bs bj dokuolb. Th quhbrbs socbr
dôki vhvhr fubro mb jis ïtikis, suahbri qub jbos odbrdo mb ‚sug-aozhga‛
‚sug-aozhga‛
digtbkpjor bj sij i pordujos shdos. Th quhbrbs socbr dôki bgtror bg bj
dubrpi mb itro pbrsigo, tb suahbri qub bstumhbs pshdijiaëo> sh quhbrbs
socbr dôki vijor, ¡tb suahbri qub tb bgokirbs!

Jis idei bjbkbgtis

 Osetogao  bs jo cosb mbj yiao, jo pojocro sb irhahgo mbj Togsdrhti y


shaghdo dig idei bxtrbkhmombs. Bg bj Xiao Tutro, Pogtoglojh mbsdrhcb
shstbkïdokbgtb
shstbkï dokbgtb jos idei portbs qub dikpigbg bj shstbko dikpjbti mbj
yiao qub auëo oj proddogtb (Bj Xiaeh) eodho jo kbto vbrmombro. Cummeo 
fub dosh digtbkpirïgbi o Pogtolojh y bxhstbg kudeos digvbrsh
digvbrshigbs
igbs bgtrb
bj yiao, jo dorhmom y dikimhmom mbj Cumhski. Bg pordujor
pordujor,, dig rbspbdti
o digdbptis kirojbs, pbri tokchèg dig rbjodhôg o jo tijbrogdho eodho
itros rbjhahigbs, bj rbspbti pir jos drhoturos vhvhbgtbs, jo goturojbzo y jo
odbptodhôg mb jo mhvbrshmom eukogo.

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO 81
 

Jis idei bjbkbgtis mb osetogao sig jis shauhbgtbs<

?) XOKO — ARËO POSO BJ CRBG DIKPIS]OKHBG]I BG JO TIDHBMOM


Gi o jo vhijbgdho, gi o eodbr moÿi (yo sbo mb pbgsokhbgti, pojocro u
icro), gi oj baiëski>
baiëski> sbr shgdbri,
shgdbri, bstor jhcrb
jhcrb mb pisbshigbs, mb aujo, mb
ovorhdho, digtrij
digtrij mb jo ogshbmom sbxuoj.

3) GHXOKO — ARËO O GHVBJ HGMHVHMROJ


Jhkphbzo (ojhkbgtodhôg, pbgsokhbgti, dubrpi btd.), jo sosfoddhôg, bj
bgtushoki y jo bxpogshôg mbj hgtbjbdti y jos drbbgdhos qub ugi bgb
poro rbgmhrsb o Mhis i o jo mhvhghmom.

4) OTOGO
Pisturos mhgïkhdos, digstogtbs, digfirtocjbs, firtojbdbmiros,
bstochjhzomiros,
bstochjhzomiros, y eodbr bj dubrpi kïs suj.

=) PSOGOXOKO
Blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg qub oshstbg bg jo jhkphbzo mbj dubrpi y jo kbgtb,
poro qub jo bgbraëo mb jo vhmo pubmo kivbrsb
kivbrsb jhcrbkbgtb.

2) PSO]XOEOSO
Digtrijor jis sbgmis — yo sbo dojkïgmijis eosto mblorjis poshvis, u
irhbgtïgmijis eodho mbgtri (ocstroddhôg), bsti digshstb bg jo prhkbro
btopo mb jo digdbgtrodhôg mb jo kbgtb.

6) MEOSOGO
Digdbgtrodhôg i otbgdhôg titoj.

1) MEXOGO
Kbmhtodhôg — digdbgtrodhôg bg ug ghvbj supbrhir.
supbrhir. Jo kbgtb sb digdbgtro
bg ug pugti, i sb mhsubjvb murogtb ug jorai pbrhimi mb bkpi.

5) TOKOMEH
Jo kbto goj mbj yiao o migmb bj dubrpi, jo kbgtb y bj ojko sb jhcbrog
y digvbrabg bg ug pugti bg bj duoj sb ugbg dig jo bgbraëo mb jo vhmo
ughvbrsoj. _ub dig frbdubgdho sb jb digidb diki ‚Ghrvogo‛.

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO 85
 

Jis prhkbris mis bjbkbgtis, yoko y ghyoko sig ugo sbrhb mb rbajos
ughvbrsojbs mbj dikpirtokhbgti
dikpirtokhbgti eukogi, jos duojbs sig hgmbpbgmhbgtbs
mbj bkpi y mbj juaor. Vhvhr coli èsto auëo pishvo, rbsujto bg ug bfbdti
mb jhkphbzo pishvi bg ug hgmhvhmui osë diki o ghvbj dujturoj. Kïs oüg
sb jbs rbjodhigo diki fugmokbgtis y pugtis bsbgdhojbs poro ovogz
ovogzor
or bg
bj yiao.
Jis blbrdhdhis prïddis digstuybg bj shauhbgtb juaor, osogo,
progoyoko y protyoeoro. Kivhjhzog y mhsdhpjhgog bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb
mbj hgmhvhmui. Oj bkpi, sb irhbgtog eodho bj üjki juaor qub bs jo
portb hgtbrhir y bsphrhtuoj mbj yiao, jo duoj digshstb bg meorogo, meyogo
y sokomeh qub lugtos digmudbg eodho ug bgtbgmhkhbgti kïs prifugmi
mb jo vhmo.
‚Bsdubjos mhsgtos‛ qub eog bxpubsti dôki bj yiao mbcb sbr
proddomi eog oporbdhmi o trovès mbj bkpi. Bj norko yiao  sb
dbgtro bg jos oddhigbs u ebdeis mb jis hgmhvhmuis, bj  lgogo yiao bg bj
digidhkhbgti y bj hgtbjbdti, y bj con yiao bg jo mbvidhôg o ji mhvhgi,
sôji poro kbgdhigor ojaugis. Gi bs tog hkpirtogtb sh brbs mbviti mb ugo
u itro ‚bsdubjo‛, pirqub timos bjjos bstïg digbdtomos y digvbrabg bg bj
khski pugti. Xiao bs yiao,
yiao, y jo kbto bs shbkprb jo khsko, fodhjhtorjb o
tu kbgtb, bj ictbgbr digtrij mb tus pbgsokhbgtis y oddhigbs, y oj goj
ughrsb oj ughvbrsi y o jo btbrghmom.

Mbj dubrpi o jo kbgtb

Bj pi mb yiao qub prbvojbdb bg bj kugmi iddhmbgtoj bs bj eoteo yiao.


Bstb sb dorodtbrhzo pir jo jhkphbzo y bkpimbrokhbgti mbj dubrpi y jo
kbgtb o trovès mb blbrdhdhis shdis qub dikhbgzog pir jo rbsphrodhôg.
Bsto mhkbgshôg shdo eodb qub bj eoteo yiao sbo otrodvi osë diki
oddbshcjb, pirqub sbkblo ojai qub ebkis vhsti ogtbs — mbpirtb y
bgtrbgokhbgti.
]romhdhigojkbgtb, eoteo shaghdo ‚mbtbrkhgomi‛, ‚icsgomi‛,
‚pimbrisi i bsfubrzi‛, y èstb pi mb yiao irhbgto eodho bj digtrij
mb jo vijugtom. Bj dubrpi sb uso diki ug hgstrukbgti poro sikbtbr
pbgsokhbgtis y poro digtrijor jo kbgtb.
Th sôji sb usog jis ospbdtis shdis mb eoteo yiao, o bsti sb jb
jjoko aeotosteo yiao  (aeoto  shaghdo ‚bsfubrzi shdi‛). Bxprbshigbs
kimbrgos diki ‚tgbss yiao‛ (yiao poro bstor bg firko) y ‚piwbr
Xiao‛ (yiao mb pimbr), irbdhbrig bg jos djosbs bg bj ahkgoshi y dobg
bg jo khsko dotbairëo, ougqub gi sb mbrhvbg mb jis blbrdhdhis irhahgojbs,
rhtki y sudbshôg.

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO 88
 

Bg kudeos idoshigbs bj yiao mb pimbr bgb ug bfbdti pishvi bg


jo sojum shdo> pbri sh gi bxhstb ug iclbvi poro dojkor jo kbgtb poro
ictbgbr outi-digidhkhbgti hgtbrhir y digtrij mb tus pbgsokhbgtis,
osë diki mb bxpbrhkbgtor ji mhvhgi digai khski y dig bj ughvbrsi,
bj shaghdomi kïs prifugmi mbj yiao y pishcjbkbgtb mb jo vhmo, bstï
pbrmhmi.
Pir itri jomi, pubmb mbdhrsb qub jis bsjis mb yiao qub bxdjushvokbgtb
bxdjushvokbgtb
sb dbgtrog bg jo mbvidhôg o Mhis i oj digidhkhbgti (ceon y lgogo yiao)
dorbdbg mb ègfoshs bg bj ospbdti shdi. Oj goj timi sb oshbgto poro
bgdigtror ug cojogdb sojumocjb.
Diki sb kbgdhigô, bs hkpirtogtb bgtbgmbr qub bj eoteo yiao bg su
firko irhahgoj gi bstoco üghdokbgtb cosomi bg ospbdtis shdis, oug
duogmi sb dbgtro bg jos pisturos mbj dubrpi osogos y bj progoyoko
diki jos portbs dbgtrojbs. Diki itris pis mb yiao, eoteo yiao sb
digstruyb sicrb fugmokbgtis kirojbs, y su iclbvi bs ojdogzor ugo
suprbko firko mb kbmhtodhôg y fushigorsb dig jo bgbraëo ughvbrsoj.
u ghvbrsoj.
Bj üjki pripôshti bs ictbgbr dikpjbti digtrij mbj dubrpi,
bspbdhojkbgtb digtrij mb jo rbsphrodhôg, o trovès mb ugo mhsdhpjhgo
bstrhdto y bj bstumhi mb jos bsdrhturos mbj bkpi. Duogmi jo bgbraëo mb jo
vhmo, progo, uyb orkighisokbgtb y bg dikpjbti cojogdb bgtrb jos mis
gorhgos y bj rbsti mbj dubrpi, sb ugb dig jo kbgtb y bj ojko bg ji mhvhgi.
Poro qub bj progo uyo jhcrbkbgtb bs gbdbsorhi jhkphor jis dogojbs mb jo
bgbraëo (gomhs), jis duojbs sb dirrbjodhigog dig jis vosis sogauëgbis, bj
shstbko jhgfïdi, jis gbrvhis, jis hgtbsgis, jos ajïgmujos y jo dijukgo
vbrtbcroj.

Mbshgtixëdotb o trovès mbj yiao

Gi tbgai pir iclbti prbsbgtor timis jis kètimis mb jhkphbzo oquë,


pbri sucroyorè trbs, jis duojbs dig ug pidi mb prïddo pubmbg sbr
rbojhzomis dig èxhti pir timis. Bj prhkbr kètimi bs jo jhkphbzo gosoj,
jo duoj digshstb bg bgluoaor jo gorhz y jis sbgis gosojbs dig oauo cho
y sojomo. Diki sb kbgdhigô prbvhokbgtb, rbsphror pir tu gorhz bgb
kudeos vbgtolos. Khbgtros kïs jhkpho y ochbrto sb bgdubgtrb, sbrï kïs
sbgshvo, bsti bs ug vojir pordujor, duogmi bkphbdbs o rbojhzor jis
blbrdhdhis ovogzomis mb rbsphrodhôg.
Bj odti mb jo jhkphbzo gosoj ô gb , diki sb jb jjoko bg sogsdrhti, sb
bfbdtüo vodhogmi jo sijudhôg bg tu gorhz pir kbmhi mb ug digtbgbmir
bspbdhoj dig ugo ojoraomo sojhmo mb deirri. Hgdjhgo tu docbzo eodho
ug jomi y vodëo bj oauo bg jo portb supbrhir mb jo gorhgo. Duogmi jo

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ?00


 

 Oauo cho sojomo jhkpho jo gorhz y jis sbgis gosojbs rbkivhbgm


rbkivhbgmi
i bj pijvi y jos
codtbrhos, kblirogmi
kblirogmi jo rbsphrodhôg oj khski bkpi.

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ?0?


 

dovhmom gosoj bstè jjbgo, bj oauo dirrbrï eodho fubro mbsmb bj figmi
mb jo gorhgo, i pimrëo dirrbr eodho fubro pir jo cido. Oauo mb soj cho
(sijudhôg bquhvojbgtb oj oauo mbj dubrpi, oprixhkomokbgtb
oprixhkomokbgtb 0.8% soj) bs
girkojkbgtb usomo y pubmb prbpororsb oÿomhbgmi ugo dudeoromhto mb
soj o ugo lorro mb oauo (8 arokis pir jhtri).
jhtri).
]imi cuzi bxpbrhkbgtomi, yo sbo mb cudbi jhcrb i dig togqub bstï
fokhjhorhzomi dig tèdghdos poro jhkphor jo gorhz y jis sbgis gosojbs,
duogmi bstïg digspomis. Dhbrros ugo gorhgo y lojos oauo mb kor
mhrbdtokbgtbb eodho jo itro gorhgo.
mhrbdtokbgt
Jubai dhbrros okcos gorhgos y rbdoraos tu docbzo eodho otrïs poro
pbrkhr qub bj oauo bgtrb bg jis sbgis gosojbs. Oportb mb jos vbgtolos
icvhos mb bgluoaor bj pijvi, codtbrhos, y bj kidi vhbli mb jos kbkcrogos
kudisos, btd., jo jhkphbzo gosoj tokchèg jhcbro jo rbsphrodhôg y kbliro
tus sbgmis mbj ijfoti y mbj austi. Ombkïs, bj kètimi rbsujto ugo
cubgo kbmhmo mb prbvbgdhôg mb jis rbsfrhomis y pubmb ojhabror i
bjhkhgor dikpjhdodhigbs, tojbs diki bj sogaromi mb jo gorhz, jos ojbrahos
y jo shgushs. Jo jhkphbzo gosoj tokchèg bgb ug bfbdti pritbdtir bg
jis pujkigbs pirqub jos kbkcrogos kudisos trocolog chbg y bjhkhgog
khdri-iraoghskis pbrghdhisis ogtbs mb qub bgtrbg o jis pujkigbs
y mbsorrijjbg sbrhos bgfbrkbmombs diki jo gbukigëo, crigquhs  i
tucbrdujishs.
Itri kètimi qub jhkpho jo gorhz, jis sbgis y jo sogarb bs ug blbrdhdhi
kuy sbgdhjji mb rbsphrodhôg. Rgo sbrhb mb fubrtbs sipjhmis pir jo gorhz
sb primudbg odvogmi jis küsdujis ocmikhgojbs y jis küsdujis mbj
mhofroako. O pbsor mb qub jos bxeojodhigbs sig odvos, jos hgeojodhigbs
mbcbg sbr ugo rbspubsto goturoj poshvo. Rg tbrdbri y kuy bfbdvi
kètimi hgdjuyb oprbtor jis küsdujis, ohsjorjis b hgdjusi rimor jis
küsdujis ocmikhgojbs qub sb bgrisdog y ahrog diki sbrphbgtbs o trovès
mbj dbgtri mbj ocmikbg. Bstb pridbsi jhkpho y bskujo jis hgtbsgis,
bstôkoai, cozi, pïgdrbos y timis jis mbkïs ôraogis bg jo dovhmom
ocmikhgoj, ji qub tb jjbvo o kbliror tu mhabsôg y kbtocijhski. Thg
bkcorai, bstb kètimi rbquhbrb mb costogtb prïddo y digtrij mbj
dubrpi.

Duogmi tu dubrpi sb eo jhkphomi, bgb qub sbr firtojbdhmi y bstor bg firko


poro pimbr digstruhr y rbtbgbr bgbraëo (progo), mb toj kogbro qub jo sojum,
jo digsdhbgdho mbj dubrpi y jo vhtojhmom sb icbgbg outikïdokbgtb.
Bsti sb jiaro o trovès mb dhbrtos pisturos mbj dubrpi (osogos) jos duojbs
digstuybg bj tbrdbr bjbkbgti mbj shstbko yiao, y bs kudei kïs qub

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ?03


 

sijokbgtb firkor bj dubrpi. Domo pisturo mbcb rbojhzorsb dig dikpjbti


digtrij sicrb domo küsduji, cro gbrvhiso y pbgsokhbgti. Jos Osogos
kïs ovogzomos pubmbg porbdbrtb hkprbshigogtbs y dikpjhdomos i eosto
mijirisos. Thg bkcorai,
bkcorai, sijokbgtb porbdb
porbdb sbr osë pirqub domo pistur
pisturoo
bgb qub rbojhzorsb shg bsfubrzi y fïdhjkbgtb. Mb itro kogbro gi bs
yiao, shgi odricodho i micjbs mb dhrdi. Bg itros pojocros, bs hkpirtogtb
priarbsor jbgtokbgtb
jbgtokbgtb y gi mb kogbro firzomo. Sbdubrmi djorokbgtb
djorokbgtb ji
qub kh okhai hgmhi Rkbse mhli ugo vbz murogtb ugo sbshôg mb yiao< ‚Bj
yiao bs bvijudhôg, gi rbvijudhôg‛, bs kuy dhbrti.
Domo pisturo mb Xiao bstï mhsbÿomo bspbdëdokbgtb poro bgtror o
jis ôraogis cbgbdhïgmijis, pir blbkpji, jis pujkigbs, bj eëaomi, bj
dbrbcri, jos ajïgmujos, btd. Duogmi digsdhbgtbkbgtb sb jb koghpujo oj
dubrpi mb bsto kogbro, domo dèjujo trocolo ôpkokbgtb. Gi mbcbs
sbgrtb dogsomi i mbchjhtomi mbspuès mb proddor bj yiao, osë qub
rbjïlotb y digdègtrotb
digdègtrotb oj khski bkpi qub
qu b jb prïddos.
Sbsphroo prifugmi orkighisokbgtb
Sbsphr orkighisokbgtb y rbdubrmo sigrbër suovbkbgtb. Jo
kbto goj bs pimbr sbgtorsb shg kivbrsb
kivbrsb pir jorais pbrhimis mb bkpi
murogtb jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg, digdbgtrodhôg y kbmhtodhôg,
pirqub ug dubrpi shg kivhkhbgti pbrkhtb o jo kbgtb dojkorsb.
]ôkotb ug khguti y eoz ug por mb rbsphrodhigbs jbgtos y prifugmos mb
prbfbrbgdho
prbfbrbgdho dig jis ilis dbrromis, ¹shbgtbs jo dojko y bj chbgbstor9

Digtrij mb jo kbgtb y jis sbgmis

Jo rbsphrodhôg crhgmo ug fïdhj oddbsi


oddb si poro tbgbr digidhkhbgti mbj hgtbrhir
mbj dubrpi y jo kbgtb y mbchmi o qub ugb o jis mis, jo rbsphrodhôg bs
bsbgdhoj poro timis jis blbrdhdhis mb yiao. Vbokis oj progoyoko i
digtrij mb jo rbsphrodhôg qub bs bj pi mb yiao qub firko jo cosb mb
bstb jhcri.

‚Oqubj qub eo ictbghmi bj digtrij mb su rbsphrodhôg,


tokchèg ictbgmrï digtrij
digtrij sicrb jos odvhmombs mb jo kbgtb.
Ji digtrorhi bs tokchèg vbrmom. Xo qub oqubj qub tbgao su kbgtb
digtrijomo tokchèg pimrï digtrijor jo rbsphrodhôg. Jo kbgtb digtrijo
jis sbgmis y jo rbsphrodhôg mikhgo jo kbgtb‛.
EO]EO XIAO PSOMHPHNO

Dig bj progoyoko jiaros ug ghvbj kïs ojti mb bgbraëo bg timis jis mëos
mb tu vhmo, bsto mhsdhpjhgo tb itirao
itirao jo ipirtughmom mb
m b ojdogzor ug koyir
sbgmi mb outidigidhkhbgti y outidigtrij. Jo pojocro progoyoko

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ?04


 

pubmb tromudhrsb mb vorhos kogbros. Irhahgojkbgtb progo shaghdo ‚jo


bgbraëo mb jo vhmo‛ pbri tokchèg ducrb digdbptis diki jo rbsphrodhôg,
bj vhbgti, jo vhmo, jo vhtojhmom, jo bgbraëo y jo fubrzo. Oyoko pubmb
tromudhrsb diki rbaujodhôg, bxpogshôg, i mhkbgshôg. Progoyoko sb
tromudb dig frbdubgdho mhrbdtokbgtb diki digtrij mb jo rbsphrodhôg.
Bsti gi bs hgdirrbdti,
hgdirrbdti, shgi jo bsbgdho mbj
m bj progoyo
progoyoko
ko qub bs jo eochjhmom
mb eodbrsb dorai y kogblor bj progo prhgdhpojkbgtb pir kbmhi mb jo
rbsphrodhôg.
Bj ospbdti dbgtroj mbj progoyoko bs dojkor jis sbgmis y jo kbgtb
pir kbmhi mb jo rbsphrodhôg, bspbdhojkbgtb oj trocolor eodho bj bquhjhcrhi
mbj uli mb ohrb bgtrb jos mis gorhgos. Mb ebdei,
ebde i, dosh bgtrb eiro y eiro bj
bquhjhcrhi bgtrb jos mis gorhgos dokcho. Dhbrro ugo gorhgo oj bkpi qub
rbsphro - duïj mb jos mis gorhgos mikhgo oeiro.
Bg jo kbgtb eukogo ug shg g mb pbgsokhbgtis critog digstogtbkbgtb,
digstogtbkbgtb,
sojbg mbj sucdigsdhbgtb, y jos hkprbshigbs sbgsirhojbs bg pordujor jb
morïg firko y digtrij o gubstris pbgsokhbgtis. ]oj vbz jo bxprbshôg
‚uhmi mb pbgsokhbgtis‛ bs kïs pbrgbgtb, pirqub bj dbrbcri odvi
dirrb eodho orrhco. Jis hgmhis oshïdis eocjog odbrdo mb ‚ugo kbgtb mb
deogai‛, pirqub gubstris pbgsokhbgtis shbkprb bstïg cusdogmi poro
otrïs y poro ombjogtb diki ug pbqubÿi
pbq ubÿi deogai. Gubvos hmbos bkbrabg
diki fubais ordhojbs bg bj dhbji mb ugo
ug o gideb djoro. Bj ortb rbshmb bg
sbr dopoz mb irqubstor bstb mbspjhbaub mb fubais ordhojbs, poro qub
timis jis diebtbs sb bgdhbgmog oj khski bkpi i dohaog pir dikpjbti.
Pir blbkpji, sh bstïs kuy bstrbsomi i otbrromi, bs mhdhj qub tb mhaos
o  khski, ‚rbjïlotb timi bstï coli digtrij‛ pirqub tus pbgsokhbgtis
bstïg ahrogmi ojrbmbmir digshbgtb b hgdigsdhbgtbkbgtb. Thg bkcorai,
shbkprb sbrïs dopoz mb sistbgbr tu rbsphrodhôg, bs fïdhj y kuy prïddi.
Rg ogaui privbrchi cbtogi mhdb qub< ‚jo rbsphrodhôg bs bj docojji, jo
kbgtb bs bj lhgbtb‛ y bs bsto ëgko rbjodhôg bgtrb docojji y lhgbtb bg jo
qub bgbs qub pbgsor duogmi rbsphrbs. Th bj docojji sb bgfomo i bsto
mbsbquhjhcromi, pbjborï digtro jos rhbgmos, y bj lhgbtb sbrï ovbgtomi mb
jomi o jomi. Mb jo khsko kogbro ug lhgbtb bgilomi y mbsdigshmbromi
bxpbrhkbgtoro pricjbkos dig bj docojji sh ji bkpulo o mor vubjtos,
pirqub bj docojji bs kïs fubrtb qub bj lhgbtb. Thg bkcorai, duogmi bj
docojji y bj lhgbtb bstïg bg orkigëo, surahrïg y jjbaorog o sbr ugi khski
y tbgmrïg jo oyumo y bj sipirtb mb ugi y itri. Bsi bs bj digtrij mb jo
rbsphrodhôg y bs bxodtokbgtb ji qub vokis o ocirmor.

‚O trovès mb jis üjkis mis mëos, kb eb odirmomi mb jis arogmbs


cbgbdhis mb jo rbjolodhôg qub digbgb bj yiao, cbgbdhis qub
pubmbg sbr opjhdomis o timis jis bvbgtis mb jo vhmo, jis duojbs pubmbg

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ?0=


 

eodbrtb ug kblir mbpirsto, eikcrb mb gbaidhis, dijbao, eikcrb,


kulbr, pomrb y eukogi. Tubgo hgdrbëcjb, pbri sh ijvhmokis jhcrorgis
mhorhokbgtb mb jo vbrahgishmom y bj bstrès mb jo rbojhmom, gugdo
ojdogzorbkis gubstri pitbgdhoj pjbgi. Poro qub pubmos sbr dopoz
mb tbgbr ojtis ojdogdbs bgbs qub bgdigtror bj bquhjhcrhi bgtrb jo
tbgshôg y jo rbstourodhôg. Tikis pir ji abgbroj cubgis bg tbgsorgis
o gisitris khskis pbri dig frbdubgdho ijvhmokis diki rbjolorgis y
rbdupbrorgis. ]bgbkis qub oprbgmbr dôki bgtror bg ug bspodhi mb
mbsdogsi y dôki odukujor kïs bgbraëo ogtbs qub jo shauhbgtb ijo gis
jjbaub‛.

Ijb Ttiuaoorm, 42 oÿis


Dokpbôg mbj bquhpi mb trhotjôg buripbi y mubÿi mb kujdiode.mn

Kïs bgbraëo bg jo vhmo

Diki sb mbsdrhchô prbvhokbgtb, bj progoyoko bs bj duorti bjbkbgti


bg osetogao yiao, y cïshdokbgtb digshstb bg ugo sbrhb mb blbrdhdhis mb
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg qub digbgb trbs portbs<
7 Hgeojodhôg ( purono
 purono)
7 Sbsphrodhôg sistbghmo (nukceono)
7 Bxeojodhôg (rbdeono)

Bj prhgdhpoj iclbvi bs eodbrsb dorai y rbaujorhzor bj progo vhtoj. Lugti


dig bj quhgti bjbkbgti proyoloro, pir ug jomi progoyoko ugb bj
bspodhi bgtrb bj yiao ‚bxtbrhir‛ qub sb rbbrb o jis ospbdtis kirojbs
y mhsdhpjhgorhis mb jis yokos y ghyokos (prhkbr y sbaugmi bjbkbgtis),
jis ospbdtis shdis mb jis osogos (tbrdbr bjbkbgti), y pir itri jomi bj
yiao (hgtbrhir) qub digshstb bg jo digdbgtrodhôg y kbmhtodhôg qub sb
bgdubgtro bg meorogo y meyogo (bj sbxti y sèpki bjbkbgtis) qub oj
goj jjbvog o jo jhcbrodhôg bsphrhtuoj, i sokomeh, bj idtovi bjbkbgti y jo
kbto goj mbj yiao. Pir ji togti, bj progoyoko y jo rbsphrodhôg lubaog
ug popbj dbgtroj poro jo digbxhôg mbj kugmi shdi lugti dig bj dubrpi
y kbgtb hgtbrhir.
hgtbrhir.
Gi bs fïdhj mbghr bj progo, pbri mèlokb mortb ug por mb blbkpjis mb
timis jis mëos. Duogmi tb jbvogtos bg ug mëo sijbomi, dig ug djori dhbji
ozuj, tu bgbraëo pricocjbkbgtb sb bjbvorï kïs qub duogmi tb jbvogtos
bg ugo koÿogo arhs y eükbmo. Tupigaokis qub eos dikhmi jo khsko
dogmom y pi mb dikhmo y eos rbojhzomi bj khski pi mb trocoli
mis mëos ogtbrhirbs dhbgdokbgtb ‚bj ghvbj mb bgbraëo mbcbrëo mb sbr

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ?02


 

Jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo bg bj oauo bs ug pi mb progoyoko qub dojko bj


dubrpi y jo kbgtb.

bj khski, shg bkcorai gi sb shbgtb osë, duogmi tb shbgtbs kuy fbjhz y


pubmbs sbgr ugo bgbraëo pimbriso qub tb curculbo pir mbgtri, bs bj
progo qub bstï gëmokbgtb otomi o tu digdhbgdho.

‚Jo kbgtb y bj progo sb kbzdjog diki oauo y jbdeb. Okcis sig hauojbs bg
sus odvhmombs. Migmb eoy kivhkhbgti mb progo i odvhmom eoy kbgtb
(digsdhbgdho). Migmb eoy digdhbgdho bxhstb bj progo‛.
EO]EO XIAO PSOMHPHNO

]oj vbz eoyos digidhmi abgtb qub porbdb hrromhor bgbraëo qub dosh
porbdbg tbgbr ugo rbspjogmbdhbgtb ‚ouro‛. I, toj vbz eos sbgmi diki
duogmi ugo pbrsigo qub bstï poromo mbtrïs mb , tb bstoco khrogmi,
bso bgbraëo y digsdhbgdho bs tokchèg progo. Th eos vhsti o ugo pbrsigo
i oghkoj kubrti socrïs qub ojaugo firko mb bgbraëo fojto. Ojaugis jb
jjokog o bsto bgbraëo bj ojko y bs oquë qub dikbgzokis o digdbchr bj
shaghdomi mb jo pojocro. Progo bs tu bgbraëo, progo bs tu digsdhbgdho,
progo bs tu ojko. Duojquhbr vhcrodhôg bg bj ughvbrsi bgb su irhabg bg

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ?06


 

jo bgbraëo mhgïkhdo mb jo vhmo mbj progo, bs mbdhr, jo fubrzo qub kubvb


timos jos disos. Mb odubrmi oj yiao y o jo jëgbo mb pbgsokhbgti ehgmü, jo
kubrtb idurrb duogmi bxhstb bj progo bg bj dubrpi, mb toj kogbro qub jo
fubrzo qub kubvb gubstro rbsphrodhôg mbsoporbdb. Mb jo khsko firko,
bs bj progo bj qub hghdho gubstro rbsphrodhôg duogmi godbkis.
Bj ortb mb progoyoko bs digtrijor bj progo bg duojquhbr firko qub
pubmo tikor bg bj dubrpi. Th bj progo gi uyb jhcrbkbgtb bj ghvbj mb
tu bgbraëo dobrï, y bg bj pbir mb jis dosis jos bgfbrkbmombs surahrïg.
Bgtigdbs, bs bsbgdhoj kogtbgbr jhkphis jis dogojbs mb bgbraëo i
gomhs, poro pbrkhr qub bj progo uyo jhcrbkbgtb. Mb hauoj kogbro,
bs hkpirtogtb bstor digsdhbgtb mb jos ïrbos mbj dubrpi qub pubmbg
ojkodbgor b hgdjusi icstruhr bj progo. O bstis dbgtris sb jbs jjoko
deodros y sig pugtis djovb bg bj bquhjhcrhi mb bgbraëo bg bj dubrpi.

Bj shstbko mb bgbraëo bg bj dubrpi

Jo pojocro deodro  shaghdo ‚rubmo‛ i ‚oghjji ahrotirhi‛. Jis deodros


hgmhvhmuojbs bstïg pishdhigomis migmb jis dogojbs mb bgbraëo sb ugbg bg
bj dubrpi y trocolog diki trogsfirkomirbs qub digtrijog jos bgbraëos
mbj dubrpi.
Jis trbs kïs hkpirtogtbs dogojbs mb bgbraëo sig hmo,  phgaojo  y
suseukgo. Hmo dikhbgzo mb jo gorhgo hzquhbrmo y phgaojo mb jo mbrbdeo.
Tb druzog bgtrb së vorhos vbdbs eosto color o ji jorai mb jo dijukgo
vbrtbcroj,j, jo duoj bgb ug dogoj hgtbrhir oj duoj sb jb mbgikhgo suseukgo
vbrtbcro
y sb jb rbjodhigo oj fubai. Tuseukgo shkcijhzo jo bgbraëo hgtbgso qub
pubmb bgdbgmbrsb mbgtri mb , pirqub bgbraëos mhfbrbgtbs pubmbg
ughrsb bg bstis dbgtris, y fugdhigor diki odukujomirbs.
Th bj shstbko sb bgdubgtro fubro mb bquhjhcrhi, jo bgbraëo pubmb
icstruhrsb bg jis deodros, osë qub bs hkpirtogtb trotor mb bvhtor bsti pir
kbmhi mb jo jhkphbzo mb jis dogojbs mb bgbraëo y duhmor bj dubrpi y jo
kbgtb o trovès mbj digtrij mb jo rbsphrodhôg.
Bxhstbg ugo sbrhb mb deodros, jis duojbs bstïg rbprbsbgtomis
phdokbgtb dig mhfbrbgtbs
mhfbrbgtbs dijirbs,
dijirbs, sëkcijis i bjbkbgtis y domo ugi
mb èstis lubao ug dhbrti popbj bg bj shstbko mb bgbraëo mbj dubrpi. Dig
frbdubgdho sb mbsdrhcbg shbtb deodros, sb eo pripubsti qub jis deodros
isdhjog dig mhfbrbgtbs frbdubgdhos y pir ji togti bkhtbg juz mb m mhfbr
hfbrbgtbs
bgtbs
dijirbs, y qub jis vhblis sochis mb jo ogauo Hgmho pimëog mbsdrhchr bstos
isdhjodhigbs. Th gi eos trocolomi dig bj yiao y jo jëgbo mb pbgsokhbgti
qub bstï mbtrïs mb èj, bj pbgsokhbgti mb tojbs bstrudturos qub rbshmbg
bg bj dubrpi pubmbg porbdbr ocstrodtos
ocstrodtos b hgdjusi supbrsdhôg.

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ?01


 

Jos pisturos mb jis shbtb deodros mb ebdei dihgdhmbg dig ajïgmujos


hkpirtogtbs, dbgtris gbrvhisis y vosis sogauëgbis digidhmis diki
sb jbs rbdigidb bg ogotikëo kimbrgo. Thg bkcorai, rbsujto drudhoj
bgfozor qub jis deodros gi sig hmègdis o bstis ôraogis shgi kïs
chbg ëgkokbgtb vhgdujomis o bjjis. Bj deodro
deod ro kïs ocoli, dikügkbgtb
digidhmi diki ‚deodro roëz‛, sb jidojhzo bg jo cosb mb jo bsphgo
bsp hgo vbrtbcroj
bgtrb jis ôraogis sbxuojbs y bj ogi. Bg ogotikëo kimbrgo o bsto portb
sb jb digidb diki is sodri, bj eubsi soaromi. Bs hkpirtogtb gitor
qub bg bstb pugti bxodtokbgtb jo roko kïs colo mbj shstbko gbrvhisi
poroshkpïdi mblo jo dijukgo vbrtbcroj y eodb digtodti dig bj ôraogi
sbxuoj, bj shstbko mhabsvi, btd. Mbsmb ug pugti mb vhsto pshdijôahdi,
bstb deodro sb rbjodhigo dig jis hgsgtis kïs prhkhvis< supbrvhvbgdho,
jo bgbraëo sbxuoj y bj khbmi.
Bj deodro dbgtroj bs bj ‚deodro mbj dirozôg‛ qub odukujo bgbraëo
ojbarb y pishvo mbj progo murogtb jo hgeojodhôg. Bg gubstro dujturo bj
dirozôg diki shbkprb bs bj sëkciji mbj okir. Oeiro socbkis qub bj
dirozôg gi fugdhigo üghdokbgtb diki ugo cikco, shgi qub tokchèg
primudb eirkigos, digshmbrogmi jo dbrdogo rbjodhôg qub bgb dig bj
dbrbcri o trovès
trovès mbj shstbko gbrvhisi, bs kuy goturoj qub sb jb omsdrhcog
duojhmombs tromhdhigojbs tojbs diki bj aizi, jo sochmurëo y bj ojko.
Duogmi bj dirozôg jotb suovbkbgtb, sbgkis qub bstokis chbg. Bsti
tokchèg rbsujto vbrmombri poro gubstro rbsphrodhôg y pbgsokhbgtis.
Duogmi gubstro rbsphrodhôg bs trogquhjo y digtbghmo, jo kbgtb sb rbjolo.
  Bs jo trhghmom digstuhmo pir bj dirozôg,
dirozôg, bj dbrbcri
dbrbcri y jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg jo
qub mbcbs mb tbgbr bg kbgtb, yo qub bs jo fubgtb mb tu sojum y tu chbgbstor.
chbgbstor.
Bj shdi rikogi, Djoumhi Aojbgi, bstoco digsdhbgtb mb èsto y fub bj
prhkbri bg mbsdrhchr bj pujsi diki hgmhdomir mb jo sojum mb jos pbrsigos.
Bj deodro mbj ‚tbrdbr ili‛, bj duoj sb jidojhzo bg kbmhi mb jos mis dblos,
bstï odvi murogtb jo digdbgtrodhôg y kbmhtodhôg. Bj kogtro soaromi
Ik bstï kuy dbrdogokbgtb
dbrdogokbgtb omyodbgtb
omyodbgtb o èstb
èstb deodro. Bj tèrkhgi
tèrkhgi olgo 
bg sogsdrhti shaghdo ‚irmbg‛,
‚irmbg‛, y sb jidojhzo bg bj dbgtri mbj dbrbcri
dbrdo mb jo ajïgmujo phtuhtorho qub primudb eirkigos, jo duoj bstï bg
digtodti dig itros ïrbos mbj dbrbcri qub hguybg bg gubstro digsdhbgdho
y pbrsigojhmom. Bj deodro mbj tbrdbr ili bstï tokchèg vhgdujomi o jo
ajïgmujo phgboj , qub hguyb bg gubstri rhtki pshdijôahdi y ‚rbjil‛
hgtbrhir (rhtki dhrdomhogi).
Duogmi jo bgbraëo mhgïkhdo mbj deodro mbj tbrdbr ili sb odvo y sb
bquhjhcro, bj rbsti mbj dbrbcri fugdhigo ôpkokbgtb eodhbgmi o bstb
deodro mb pordujor hkpirtogdho poro jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg y
kbmhtodhôg. Jos priphbmombs osidhomos dig bj deodro mbj tbrdbr ili y jo
trogsporbgdho togti bg jo vhshôg hgtbrgo diki bxtbrgo, ugo pbrdbpdhôg

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ?05


 

Ajïgmujo phgboj
Deodro mbj tbrdbr ili Ajïgmujo phtuhtorho
Phgaojo Hmo
Tuseukgo
 ]hrihmbs

Deodro mbj dirozôg  ]hki

Shÿôg
(ajïgmujo suprorrbgoj)
suprorrbgoj)

Pïgdrbos
Deodro roëz Ivorhi
 ]
 ]bstëduji
bstëduji

Jo auro hzquhbrmo kubstro jis shbtb deodros y dogojbs mb bgbraëo. Jos ajïgmujos
eirkigojbs mbj dubrpi sb kubstrog bg jo auro mb jo mbrbdeo.

kïs hgtuhvo, sochmurëo, bsphrhtuojhmom b hgtbjhabgdho drbovo. Mbsmb ug


pugti mb vhsto ogotôkhdi, bgb sbgmi bj qub pumhèsbkis hgtbrgorgis
bg jo ajïgmujo phtuhtorho, dbrrogmi gubstris ilis y ‚khrogmi eodho
ombgtri‛,, pirqub mis arogmbs cros gbrvhisos mb jis ilis sb druzog bgtrb
ombgtri‛
së, bxodtokbgtb
bxodtokbgtb migmb sb jidojhzo jo ajïgmujo phtuhtorho. Digdbgtrïgmisb
bg jo digsdhbgdho y bgbraëo mbj deodro mbj tbrdbr ili, pimrïs koghpujor
jo ajïgmujo phtuhtorho y su odvhmom.
Pricocjbkbgtb tb eos lomi qub jis ehgmübs sb mhculog bj deodro mbj
tbrdbr ili dig ug pugti mb dijir.
dijir. Dig frbdubgdho eodbg bsti duogmi vog
o ug tbkpji i o ug jorai vholb. Bj pripôshti bs eodbr qub jos pbrsigos
qub digidbg sb lbg y jb prbstb otbgdhôg y bgbraëo kbgtoj oj deodro mbj
tbrdbr ili, migmb mhdeo bgbraëo pubmb sbr doptomo pir bj dbrbcri.
Dijbdvokbgtb, jis shbtb deodros shkcijhzog mhfbrbgtbs pjogis mb
digsdhbgdho. Khbgtros kïs orrhco sb jidojhdbg bg bj dubrpi, rrbprbsbgtog
bprbsbgtog
ghvbjbs kïs ojtis mb digsdhbgdho. Bg itros pojocros, eosto ocoli sb
bgdubgtrog jis hgsgtis prhkhvis, bg bj dbgtri bstï bj dikpirtokhbgti
eukogi y eodho orrhco jis ospbdtis kïs hgtbjbdtuojbs y mhvhgis. Poro
drbdbr kïs ojti
ojti bg jo digsdhbgdho y mbsorrijjorsb
mbsorrijjorsb diki eukogi,
eukogi, bgbs
qub sbr dopoz mb qub jo fubrzo mb tus hgsgtis cïshdis surlo poro qub bj
progo pubmo bjbvorsb jhcrbkbgtb eodho bj dbrbcri. Th quhbrbs bvhtor qub
ogmb subjti, bs hkpirtogtb rbaujor jo hgtbgshmom y mhrbddhôg mbj progo.
Poro bstb
bstb pripôshti sb usog vorhis dogmomis mbj dubrpi.

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ?08


 

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ??0


 

Pbqubÿis y arogmbs dogmomis mbj dubrpi

Vorhis dogmomis sb usog bg yiao. Jis arogmbs (cogmeos), sig


digtroddhigbs kusdujorbs bg mhfbrbgtbs portbs mbj dubrpi. Osë khski
sb usog pbqubÿis dogmomis (kumros), bstis sig pbqubÿis dokchis jis
duojbs sb opjhdog bg jos bxtrbkhmombs y ôraogis tojbs diki jis mbmis,
ilis i jbgauo.
Rgo dorodtbrësdo qub dikportbg jis dogmomis mbj dubrpi, bs qub
firtojbdbg jo digdbgtrodhôg y jo kbmhtodhôg pir kbmhi mbj digtrij mb
uli mbj progo.
Bxhstbg trbs arogmbs dogmomis mbj dubrpi, bg pordujor qub pubmbg
tbgbr vbgtolos, pubmbg usorsb pir sbporomi, pbri duogmi sb usog oj
khski bkpi, gis rbfbrhkis o bjjis diki Koeo cogmeo, qub quhbrb
mbdhr, Arog dogmomi. Ombkïs mb oyumor o qub sb digdbgtrb bj progo y
mbspbrtor jo bgbraho jotbgtb bg bj dubrpi ( nugmojhgh ),
), opjhdo murogtb jo
rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo, pirqub ‚bgdhbrro‛
‚bgdhbrro‛ bj ohrb bg tus pujkigbs.
Bj prhkbr cogmeo bs bj Dogmomi roëz qub sb blbduto digtroybgmi bj
rbdti poro hguhr bg bj bsgtbr hgtbrhir y bxtbrhir. Ombkïs bj ïrbo mbj
pbrhgbi bgb qub jbvogtorsb ug pidi. Bstb bs ug dogmomi hkpirtogtb
pirqub bskujo jo roko colo mbj shstbko gbrvhisi poroshkpïdi, jo
duoj sb bxbgmb mbsmb jo dijukgo vbrtbcroj bg jo portb colo mbj dubrpi,
bskujogmi bj shstbko gbrvhisi pir dikpjbti y trogquhjhzïgmiji mb
kogbro ôpko y cojogdbomo.
Jo sbaugmo cogmo bs bj Dogmomi ocmikhgoj , y sb rbojhzo pir kbmhi
mb eugmhr bj ocmikbg y bj ikcjhai eodho jo dijukgo vbrtbcroj,
jbvogtïgmiji. Mbchmi o ugo prbshôg gbaovo qub blbrdb bj ocmikbg,
bj mhofroako y timis jis ôraogis hgtbrgis sb lojog eodho bj kbmhi mb
jos disjjos. Rgo pbrsigo qub rbojhzo bj Dogmomi ocmikhgoj  porbdbrï
  porbdbrï
bgtigdbs bxtrbkomokbgtb
bxtrbkomokbgtb mbjaomo. Bstb cogmeo bs bspbdtodujor y jjbvo
oj progo pir timi ji jorai mb jo dijukgo vbrtbcroj. Bg bstb blbrdhdhi
sb ritog jis küsdujis kosolbogmi jis ôraogis hgtbrgis oj hauoj qub
kblirogmi jo mhabsôg y firtojbdhbgmi bj mhofroako. Hgdjusi bj dirozôg
rbdhcb ug hgtbgsi kosolb.
  Jo tbrdbr cogmeo bs bj ‚ Dogmomi aoraogto‛ bj duoj sb rbojhzo
prbshigogmi jo corchjjo eodho ug pbqubÿi eugmhkhbgti lusti orrhco mbj
bstbrgôg eodhbgmi qub jo corchjjo y jis mis eubsis mbj dubjji sb lugtbg,
bgdbrrogmi jo aoraogto. Bj Dogmomi mb aoraogto  jjbvo bj progo o ug

Jis Dogmomis mb Aoraogto, Ocmikhgoj y mb Soëz sig blbdutomis oj khski


bkpi bg bj Arog Dogmomi (Koeo Cogmeo).

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ???


 

pori y ji mhrhab eodho ocoli poro ughrji dig bj progo qub sb bgdubgtro
orrhco bg bj ïrbo mbj pbdei. Ombkïs mb digdbgtror bj progo, odvogmi
jo bgbraëo mbj dubrpi omirkbdhmi, bj ‚Dogmomi mb aoraogto‛ bs kuy
bfbdvi murogtb
murogtb jo digtbgdhôg mb jo rbsphrodhôg pirqub bj ohrb sb hgehcb
duogmi uyb o trovès
trovès mb jo aoraogto
aoraogto y jis pujkigbs sb dhbrrog.
dhbrrog.
Oportb mb jos cogmeos, jis arogmbs dogmomis mbj dubrpi,
du brpi, ugo sbrhb mb
kumros bxhstb, pbqubÿis dogmomis bg bj dubrpi. Rg kumro qub pir ji
abgbroj sb uso lugti dig bj Arog dogmomi bs bj Kumro sokceovh . Bg bstb
dogmomi jo digdbgtrodhôg y bj pbgsokhbgti sb mhrhabg eodho bj deodro
mbj tbrdbr ili pir kbmhi mb druzor jo khromo eodho orrhco b hgtbrhirkbgtb
poro prikivbr jo rbjolodhôg, jo digdbgtrodhôg y jo kbmhtodhôg. Itri
pbqubÿi kumro chbg digidhmi bs jo pisturo mb yiao migmb bj mbmi
pujaor y bj kbÿhqub sb lugtog poro firkor ug oghjji dig jo pojko mb jo
kogi opugtogmi eodho ocoli, o bstb kumro sb jb jjoko  Lgogo. Hguyb
bg jo pshqub y shkcijhzo jo sochmurëo y bj digidhkhbgti hgtuhvi. Duogmi
jo pojko mb tu kogi opugto eodho orrhco, oj dogmomi sb jb mbgikhgo
Kumro dehg y shkcijhzo ugo digsdhbgdho bg bxpogshôg. Bstis mis kumros
kumros
sig üjbs murogtb jo kbmhtodhôg.
Bj kumro goj qub kbgdhigi o digguodhôg bs bj nbdeorh , bj duoj bg
sus firkos gojbs bs ugi mb jis kïs mhdhjbs, bfbdvis y bj üjki mb
timis bg digidbrsb. Bj nbdeorh bxhstb
bxhstb bg mis vorhbmombs, ugo sbgdhjjo y jo
üjko vbrshôg. Bj ‚pbqubÿi‛ sb mbsdrhcb diki shaub<

‚Bj yiah pubmb proddor


proddor kumro gocei
gocei,, oj hr bg cusdo mb jo vhmo bg duojquhbr
juaor.. Vijtbo jo jbgauo eodho orrhco, hgeojo y sisbgb jo rbsphrodhôg.
juaor
Bsti bs kumro gocei y mbstruyb timos jos bgfbrkbmombs‛.
AEBSOGMO TOKEH]O

Bj nbdeorh shkpjb sb opjhdo bg digbxhôg dig vorhos osogos y progoyokos


y sb blbduto shkpjbkbgtb vijtbogmi jo jbgauo eodho otrïs y prbshigogmi
suovbkbgtb bj pojomor. Bstb bfbdti bs cbgèdi poro bj dirozôg, jis
pujkigbs y bj dbrbcri diki ugo sbrhb mb cros gbrvhisos bg jo jbgauo,
osë diki tokchèg bj pojomor bstïg digbdtomis dig bstis ôraogis y mb
bsto kogbro sb trogquhjhzog. Pordujorkbgtb, bj hkpirtogtb gbrvhi voai
bs bskujomi. Bsti bs bspbdhojkbgtb shaghdovi duogmi proddos
blbrdhdhis ovogzomis
ovogzomis mb progoyoko
progoyoko migmb jo rbsphrodhôg sb sisbgb pir
ug pbrhimi mb bkpi kïs jorai.
Poro oprbgmbr ji kïs rbdhbgtb mbj nbdeorh, sb rbquhbrb costogtb
prïddo, pbri jis cbgbdhis qub pubmbs ictbgbr sig kudeis. Murogtb
kh bstogdho bg Shsehnbse oj girtb mb jo Hgmho bg 300=, kh kobstri mb
yiao, Xiah Sonbse Lh, kb kistrô bsti nbdeorh vorhos vbdbs duogmi firzô

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ??3


 

su jbgauo mbgtri mb jo dovhmom gosoj. Domo koÿogo oj okogbdbr


okogbdbr,, blbduti
ugo sbrhb mb blbrdhdhis qub kosolbog kh jbgauo, jo firtojbdbg y jo
bsrog. Bg crbvb, rbojhzi ‚ahkgosho dig kh jbgauo‛. Jo loji eodho bj jomi
digtrorhi mb jis mhbgtbs eodho ombgtri mb jo kogmëcujo colo, kosolbogmi
aromuojkbgtb mbcoli mb jo jbgauo migmb sb bgdubgtro bj jhaokbgti
jhaokbgti mb jo
khsko. Jhkphi kh jbgauo dig khs mbmis y ug pbmodhti mb tbjo, ogtbs mb
jis blbrdhdhis, y tog prigti diki sb sbqub, bs fïdhj oaorrorjo dig jos mis
kogis y mbtbgbrjo. Hgdjusi ugo pbqubÿo dogmom mb sojhvo bg jo jbgauo
pubmb eodbrjo rbscojiso diki ugo ogauhjo b hkpishcjb mb m b kogblor.
kogblor.
Th bj yiao bs mb hkpirtogdho sbdugmorho poro , icvhokbgtb gi bgbs
diki iclbti ojdogzor ji üjki bg nbdeorh. Thg bkcorai, ji hkpirtogtb
mb blbdutor bj nbdeorh dig pbrfbddhôg sb bgfozo rbpbmokbgtb bg
jos ogauos bsdrhturos. Bj nbdeorh bs pordujorkbgtb hkpirtogtb
pirqub jo jbgauo sb pubmb usor poro bskujor ïrbos bg bj dbrbcri, jo
ajïgmujo phtuhtorho, qub digtrijo mbstodomokbgtb gubstro primuddhôg
mb eirkigos. Oj digtrijor bj ïrbo migmb sb bgdubgtrog jis dogojbs
mb bgbraëo, hmo, phgaojo y suseukgo (bj deodro mbj tbrdbr ili), jiaros
digtrijor jo portb mbj shstbko gbrvhisi, jo duoj gi pubmb sbr digtrijomo
pir jo vijugtom.
Mb jo khsko kogbro, dbgtror jo otbgdhôg bg bj ïrbo bgtrb jos dblos bs
kuy diküg bg bj yiao,
yiao, pir
pirqub
qub drbo poz y bquhjhcrhi bg jo kbgtb.
kbgtb.
Itro vbgtolo mbj nbdeorh bs jo eochjhmom mb dokchor bj uli mbj ohrb o
trovès
trovès mb tus gorhgos shg usor jis mbmis. Jo pugto mb jo jbgauo pubmb
dbrror bj uli mbj ohrb o trovès mb ugo gorhgo o jo vbz. Mb bsto kogbro
pimrïs bsdiabr rbsphror o trovès mb jo gorhgo mbrbdeo i hzquhbrmo.
Fhgojkbgtb, murogtb jos vbdbs qub sb sisbgb jo rbsphrodhôg bs pishcjb
quhtor jo urabgdho pir rbsphror y mbtbgbr jos digtroddhigbs goturojbs mbj
mhofroako dig nbdeorh - o pbsor mb qub eoyos sistbghmi tu rbsphrodhôg
pir jorai bkpi.

Bgbraëo ¹frbsdo i cho9

Pimrëo porbdbr ug pidi mrïsdi bj qub sb pigao togto otbgdhôg bg jos


tèdghdos mb jhkphbzo, jis mhfbrbgtbs deodros y dogmomis bg bj yiao. Gi
costorëo dig tog siji ¡rbsphror prifugmi! Jo rbspubsto o bsti rbshmb bg
progoyoko qub gi siji bs digtrijor jo rbsphrodhôg, shgi ug kètimi pir
kbmhi mbj duoj jo rbsphrodhôg sb pubmb usor poro digtrijor jo bgbraëo
bg bj dubrpi. Poro bgtbgmbr jo prifugmo sochmurëo bg jo duoj sb coso
bj yiao, bs üj vbr mb dbrdo jos bxpjhdodhigbs shkcôjhdos odbrdo mb jis
digdbptis prbvhokbgtb dhtomis.

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ??4


 

Diki sb mbsdrhchô ogtbrhirkbgtb, bj dogoj mb bgbraëo mb Hmo sojb mb


jo gorhgo hzquhbrmo. Hmo shkcijhzo o jo jugo, pir ji togti rbprbsbgto ugo
bgbraëo frbsdo y dojkogtb. Bg bfbdti,
bfbdti, bj dubrpi sb tirgo poshvi, rbjolomi
y rbdhcb mbsdogsi. Bg digtrostb, jo phgaojo bg jo gorhgo mbrbdeo bs jo
bgbraëo dïjhmo mbj sij qub
qu b odvo y bskujo gubstri
gub stri iraoghski.
iraoghski.
Gi tb rbdubrmog bstos mis bgbraëos ipubstos ¹ojai bg ji qub ebkis
hgdurrhmi ogtbs9 Të jos mis rokos mbj shstbko gbrvhisi outôgiki qub jo
dhbgdho kimbrgo eo mbgikhgomi jos rutos mbj poroshkpïdi y shkpïdi.
Diki bs bj dosi dig jis mhfbrbgtbs deodros qub dirrbspigmbg o gubstros
ajïgmujos primudtiros mb eirkigos y dbgtris gbrvhisis, bj dbgtbgorhi
digidhkhbgti hgmhi sicrb bj fugdhigokhbgti micjb mbj shstbko gbrvhisi
bs bj tbsai mbj fogtïsdi b hgtuhvi bgtbgmhkhbgti mbj dubrpi y jo
kbgtb eukogo. Gi üghdokbgtb bg ug sbgmi tbôrhdi, shgi tokchèg mb
su fugdhigokhbgti, pirqub bstï djori qub pubmbs hguhr bg tu pripho
bxhstbgdho pir kbmhi mb jo dikprbgshôg mb jo rbsphrodhôg, jo duoj bs ug
blb mb vhmo kuy gi.
Jo dhbgdho kimbrgo bstï rbojkbgtb
rbojkbgtb vijvhègmisb digsdhbgtb mbj ebdei
ebde i
mb qub gubstri shstbko
shstbko gbrvhisi y bj digsuki mb ixëabgi sig mhfbrbgtbs
mhfbrbgtbs
duogmi rbsphrokis dig jo gorhgo mbrbdeo i dig jo hzquhbrmo, y sbrëo
hgtbrbsogtb eodbr ug sbauhkhbgti o ji qub futuris bstumhis pubmog
rbvbjor.
Mb odubrmi dig bsti, hmo (jo jugo) bs jo trogquhjhzogtb ruto mbj
poroshkpïdi,
poroshkpïd i, khbgtros qub phgaojo (bj sij) bs jo portb qub odvo jo ruto
mbj shkpïdi qub gis kogbgb ojbrto, y gis prbporo poro bj ‛dikcotb‛.
Duogmi bstos mis portbs mbj shstbko gbrvhisi (bj sij y jo jugo) sb
bgdubgtrog bg bquhjhcrhi pir kbmhi mb jo rbsphrodhôg, jo bgbraëo pimrï
uhr jhcrbkbgtb pir timi bj dubrpi. Bj dbrbcri sb dojkorï, trocolorï
bfbdvo y orkighisokbgtb, osë sb prbpororï poro ug ghvbj kïs ojti mb
digsdhbgdho.
Bsti bs ji üjki bg bj pripôshti mbj yiao i progoyoko. Duogmi bxhstb
ug cojogdb pbrfbdti bgtrb jos mis gorhgos, sokomeh (shi mb ughmom)
pubmb bxpbrhkbgtorsb.
bxpbrhkbgtorsb.

SBTPHSODHÔG BG]SBGOMO ??=


 

Blbrdhdhis

Sbsphrodhôg yiao outègdo

Jis shauhbgtbs blbrdhdhis pubmbg rbojhzorsb khbgtros tb rbdubstos sicrb


jo bspojmo (Pishdhôg mb rbjolokhbgti). ]okchèg pubmbs sbgtortb dig jos
phbrgos druzomos bg bj subji, khbgtros
khbgtros kogtbgaos ugo pishdhôg rbdto mb
jo bspojmo.
Jbb jis blbrdhdhis y vb jos hjustrodhigbs prhkbri. Proddo jis blbrdhdhis
siji i dig ojaüg okhai(o).

?) JO SBTPHSODHÔG XIAO


Tochbgmi qub pir oeiro yo eos ojdogzomi ug koyir bgtbgmhkhbgti mb
tu rbsphrodhôg goturoj, pimrïs trocolor bg kimhdorjo y ipkhzorjo.
Bsti sb eodb oprbgmhbgmi pir dikpjbti jo rbsphrodhôg yiao, jo duoj sb
digfirko mb trbs dikpigbgtbs< rbsphrodhôg ocmikhgoj, rbsphrodhôg mb
pbdei, y rbsphrodhôg djovhdujor. Dijido ugo kogi bg tu ocmikbg y itro
bg tu pbdei. Hgeojo digsdhbgtbkbgtb y prifugmi eosto tu ‚bstôkoai‛
poro qub tu kogi sb kubvo eodho orrhco, y oj khski bkpi bvhto kivbr
jo kogi qub bstï sicrb tu pbdei. Osbaürotb mb bstor dikpjbtokbgtb
rbjolomi, bspbdhojkbgtb mb tus eikcris, dubjji, jbgauo y frbgtb. Th tb
shbgtbs chbg poro bjji, sigrëb ug pidi, toj vbz üghdokbgtb ugo sigrhso
hgtbrhir, diki bg jis itris blbrdhdhis. Th sb tb eodb mhdhj sbporor jis
kivhkhbgtis bg tu bstôkoai mb jis mbj pbdei, pubmbs pigbrtb ug
dhgturôg oprbtomi ojrbmbmir mbj tôrox, osë gi pimrïs usor jis küsdujis
mb tu pbdei fïdhjkbgtb. Hgeojo, eoz qub tu bstôkoai sb hgb, bxeojo
y troto mb eodbr jis blbrdhdhis mbspodhi y ji kïs digtrijomis pishcjb.
Mbspuès mb eocbr jjbgomi jo portb colo mb tus pujkigbs (‚bstôkoai‛)
prishaub jjbgogmi bj pbdei (shg bj dhgturôg). Bsti jbvogtorï jo kogi
qub bgbs pubsto sicrb bj pbdei. Jo üjko portb mb jo hgeojodhôg sb
rbojhzo bg jo portb supbrhir mbj pbdei jbvogtogmi jis eubsis mbj dubjji
ug pidi. Bsti dikpjbto jo rbsphrodhôg mb yiao pbrfbdto, jo duoj tbrkhgo
dig ugo poshvo jhcbrodhôg mbj ohrb bg tus pujkigbs, dikbgzogmi
pir jo portb supbrhir mb jis pujkigbs y tbrkhgogmi dig bj ohrb bg tu
‚bstôkoai‛, prbporïgmitb poro itro rbsphrodhôg. Bs hkpirtogtb gi drbor
tbgshigbs bg jis eikcris y dubjji firzogmi bj ohrb qub bstï mbgtri mb

BLBSDHDHIT ??1
 

jis pujkigbs, shgi eodbr jo trogshdhôg mbj bstôkoai oj pbdei y oj eubsi


mbj dubjji tog suovb y mbjhdomokbgtb diki sbo pishcjb. Khbgtros kbgis
bgbraëo usbs, kblir sb eocrïg mb rbojhzor jis blbrdhdhis. Bj pripôshti bs
hgeojor bj koyir
koyir ohrb
ohrb pishcjb, dig bj kbgir bsfubrzi
bsfubrzi pishcjb. Th sb tb
eodb kuy mhdhj i bxeousvi hgeojor ji üjki mb ohrb jbvogtogmi bj
eubsi mbj dubjji, bgtigdbs sïjtotb bsto portb mb jo rbsphrodhôg, pirqub
bs kïs hkpirtogtb qub usbs bj mhofroako (pubmb sbgrsb diki sh fubro
bj (‚bstôkoai‛)
(‚bstôkoai‛) y pbdei. Bj blbrdhdhi tokchèg pubmb rbojhzorsb
rbojhzorsb khbgtros
sb bstï sbgtomi , pir blbkpji, bg bj trocoli, bg jo lugto, bg bj outicüs
pbri mbchmi o qub jis küsdujis mb jis ôraogis sbxuojbs y bj bstôkoai
kogbgbg jo dijukgo vbrtbcroj rbdto, gi bs tog fïdhj color bj mhofroako
y mhstbgmbr bj bstôkoai.
Thg bkcorai, bstb blbrdhdhi shaub shbgmi fogtïsdi,
fogtïsdi, y crhgmo ug kosolb
hgtbgsi bg jis ôraogis mb jo dovhmom mbj ocmikbg, bspbdhojkbgtb bj
eëaomi y bj bstôkoai qub sb bgdubgtrog jidojhzomis mhrbdtokbgtb pir
mbcoli mbj mhofroako. Th rbojhzos bj blbrdhdhi (suovbkbgtb) mbspuès mb
tu ojkubrzi kblirorï tu mhabsôg, jo duoj pimrïs sbgr y bsdudeor,
¡pruècoji! Diki kbgdhigè, o bstb kètimi mb rbsphrodhôg sb jb jjoko
rbsphrodhôg yiao, pbri gi bs gomo kïs qub rbsphrodhôg goturoj y sojumocjb.
rbsphrodhôg
Proddo bsto rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb, tog sbauhmi diki pubmos, bstorïs

Mhofroako

Bj mhofroako sb colo y bkpulo bj bstôkoai eodho orrhco (auro mb orrhco). Bj


mhofroako rbarbso
rbarbso o su pishdhôg hghdhoj y bj bs
bstôkoai
tôkoai sb o
opjogo
pjogo (ocoli).

BLBSDHDHIT ??5
 

eodhèg mitb o  khski ug arog fovir.


eodhègmitb fovir. Ji kïs sicrbsojhbgtb bs q
qub
ub bstorïs
dokchogmi tu rbsphrodhôg hgdigsdhbgtb oj proddor jo rbsphrodhôg yiao,
bsti firtojbdbrï tu shstbko gbrvhisi pir dikpjbti, osë diki tokchèg
hguhrï bg tu dubrpi, kbgtb y ojko.

3) JO SBTPHSODHÔG XIAO DIG ]BGTHÔG OCMIKHGOJ


Rg mbtojjb dig frbdubgdho sisjoyomi, pbri hkpirtogtb odbrdo mbj
bgtrbgokhbgti mb jo rbsphrodhôg bs prb-oprbtor jo portb colo mbj
ocmikbg (mbcoli mbj ikcjhai). Th rbsphros bxdjushvokbgtb eodho ocoli
y mbgtri mbj ocmikbg, dig bj bkpi pubmb odorrbor digsbdubgdhos bg
jis ôraogis hgtbrgis. Osë khski sh rbsphros sijokbgtb dig jo portb mb
eosto orrhco mb jis pujkigbs tokpidi sbrëo mbsbocjb, yo qub morëo diki
rbsujtomi kbgis ixëabgi poro bj dubrpi, ji duoj digmudb oj bstrès y jo
tbgshôg. Bj iclbti bs bgtigdbs cusdor bj bquhjhcrhi opriphomi, y jo tbgshôg
ocmikhgoj bs mb cbgbdhi, pirqub shrvb poro kogtbgbr jo pishdhôg mb
jis ôraogis hgtbrgis khbgtros oj khski bkpi sig bxpubstis o ugo
prbshôg fovirocjb qub hgdrbkbgto su fugdhôg. Pig ugo kogi bg tu

dhgturo, lusti ocoli mbj ikcjhai y troto mb rbsphror üghdokbgtb dig tu

Mhofroako

Bj mhofroako sb colo pbri ugo jbvb tbgshôg bg jis küsdujis ocmikhgojbs


 prbvhbgbg bg portb qub bj bstôkoai
bstôkoai sb kubvo eodho orrhco (auro mb orrhco).
Bj mhofroako rbarbso o su pishdhôg hghdhoj y prbshigo bj ohrb eodho fubro mb jis
 pujkigbs oyumomis
oyumomis pir jo tbgshôg
tbgshôg kusdujor bg bj ocmikbg
ocmikbg (ocoli).

BLBSDHDHIT ??8
 

bstôkoai, pbri shg qub sb kubvo jo kogi. Gi bs fïdhj, pbri duogmi


oprbgmbs dôki digtrijor jis küsdujis mbrbdeis y diirmhgorjis dig jo
rbsphrodhôg,
rbsphrodhôg, fugdhigorï pir së siji. ]bg
]bg podhbgdho y tôkotb tu bkpi.
Duogmi jo rbsphrodhôg yiao sb proddo mb bsto kogbro, bgb ug bfbdti
cbgèdi bg timi tu dubrpi.

4) BG]SBGOKHBG]I MBJ MHOFSOAKO


Bj mhofroako bs pishcjbkbgtb bj küsduji kïs hkpirtogtb mbj duoj lokïs
tb eoyos pbrdotomi. Pir bsi bs üj digidbrji kblir y bgtrbgor bstb
küsduji bspbdëdokbgtb. Diggüo dig jo rbsphrodhôg yiao, troto mb
sodor dig fubrzo bj ohrb mb tus pujkigbs pir kbmhi mb tus küsdujis.
Rso jis küsdujis ocmikhgojbs, diki sh fubros o sigortb jo gorhz, pbri
eozji jbgtokbgtb. Mbsdogso ugo kogi sicrb tu dhgturo b hgdrbkbgto
jo frbdubgdho mb tus rbsphrodhigbs poro eodbr qub jo kogi suco y colb.
Gi usbs bj pbdei murogtb bstb blbrdhdhi — üghdokbgtb bj mhofroako
(‚bstôkoai‛). ]okchèg troto mb jjbgortb ji kïs qub pubmos mb ohrb eodho
jo portb colo mb tus pujkigbs y oprhbto kïs tu bstôkoai bkpulogmi bj

mhofroako eodho ocoli.


dousor hgdikimhmom Gi hgtbgtbs
y korbi). ]rotobkpulor mbkoshomi,
mb jbvogtor pirqub
tu bstôkoai pubmb
bgtrb tus
disjjos. ]roto mb jbvogtor tu bstôkoai, pubmbs eodbr bsti kbègmiji
eodho ocoli ô suddhigïgmiji, oj bstor sistbghbgmi jo rbsphrodhôg. Tucb y
colo tu mhofroako mb ?0 o 30 vbdbs bg sbrhb. Bs ugo bxdbjbgtb kogbro
qub firtojbdb y eodb qub bj mhofroako sbo bscbjti y arïdhj, y oj khski
bkpi crhgmo ug suovb y sojumocjb kosolb o tus ôraogis vhsdbrojbs, ji
duoj kblirorï tu mhabsôg. Hgdjusi o tu dirozôg sb jb morï ug kosolb
suovb y digfirtocjb bg bj shauhbgtb blbrdhdhi. ]okchèg troto mb kbtbr bj
bstôkoai mbspuès mb bxeojor. Th sb shbgtb hgdôkimi dig jis pujkigbs
vodëis, tog siji mblo ug pidi mb ohrb bg bjjis.

Ojtbgshôg
dig bkpiocmikhgoj 
pimrïs dikchgor
 dig jisjoshauhbgtbs
 dig Sbsphrodhôg
trbsyiao y jo Sbsphrodhôg yiao
dogmomis<

7 Kumro
Kumro sokcevh
sokcevh — kogbgb
kogbgb jo otbgdhôg
otbgdhôg bg tu ili ‚hgtbr
‚hgtbrhir‛
hir‛ bg bj
deodro mbj tbrdbr ili.
7 Kumro
Kumro lgogo ô dehg — eodb
eodb ug dërduji
dërduji dig
dig bj pujaor
pujaor y bj ëgmhdb
ëgmhdb
 lugtïgmijis suovbkbgtb.
suovbkbgtb.
7 Kumro ‚pbqubÿi‛ nbdeorh
nbdeorh — micjo jo jbgauo eodho otrïs
otrïs prbshigïgmijo
suovbkbgtb eodho bj pojomor.

Pubmbs hrjis oÿomhbgmi pir sbporomi ô eodbrjis timis lugtis.

BLBSDHDHIT ?30
 

Sbsphrodhôg sistbghmo
 

Jo rbsphr
rbsphrodhôg
odhôg sist
sistbghmo
bghmo
mbgtri
 
y fubro mbj oauo

Jo pouso goturoj

Pimrëos gi bstor digsdhbgtb mb qub tog hkpirtogtb bs sistbgbr tu


rbsphrodhôg. Thg ugo pouso goturoj bgtrb jo hgeojodhôg y jo bxeojodhôg,
tu rbsphrodhôg sbrëo ocrupto y mhsigogtb, osë qub vojb jo pbgo ogojhzor
kïs mb dbrdo bsto pouso. Gi bs mb ghgaugo kogbro gbdbsorhi qub
sbos dopoz mb sistbgbr tu rbsphrodhôg pir jorai bkpi poro ojdogzor
ug bfbdti trogquhjhzogtb bg bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb, pbri mbcbrëos pimbr
sbgrtb dôkimi dig bj blbrdhdhi y rbjolortb pir dikpjbti. Oeiro troto
mb sistbgbr tu rbsphrodhôg — dhgdi sbaugmis, mhbz sbaugmis i toj vbz
hgdjusi ug khguti. Dhbrro tus ilis y mhrhab tus sbgmis eodho ombgtri,
pimrïs hgdjusi sbgr tu dirozôg ô oj kbgis tu pujsi, bj duoj gi shbgtbs
murogtb bj mëo. Mbspuès mb ug crbvb pbrhimi mb omoptodhôg, bs kïs fïdhj
kbliror bj sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg, y duogmi omquhbros digtrij sicrb
bsi, oprbgmbrïs kïs odbrdo mb  khski.

‚Osë diki jis jbigbs, jis bjbfogtbs y jis arbs sig aromuojkbgtb digtrijomis,
osë bj progo bs digtrijomi o trovès mb jo prïddo. Th gi fubsb osë, bj qub ji
proddo sbrëo mbstruhmi‛
EO]EO XIAO PSOMHPHNO

Duogmi proddos jo rbsphrodhôg o trovès mbj progoyoko, bj duorti


bjbkbgti mbj yiao, bj duoj bs vhtoj poro digtrijor jo fubrzo mb jo bgbraëo
mb jo vhmo (progo) y pir digshauhbgtb bj digtrij mb jo rbsphrodhôg bs
bsbgdhoj. O jo pouso bgtrb jo hgeojodhôg y jo bxeojodhôg sb jb jjoko
nukceono, y bs ug vbrmombri ortb bxtbgmbr bsto pouso togti diki sbo
pishcjb. Jo firko kïs bjbvomo
bjbvomo mb progoyoko
progoyoko bs duogmi jo rbsphrodhôg sb
mbbgb bspigtïgbokbgtb. O pbsor mb qub jo rbsphrodhôg bs jhtbrojkbgtb
jhtbrojkbgtb
‚sistbghmo‛, bj iclbvi bs eodbr qub jo rbsphrodhôg sb mbtbgao y dbsb
pir së khsko, y pir bsi bs qub gi mbcb hgtbgtor eodbrsb mbgtri mb ug
pridbsi bxeousvi. O bstb bstomi sb jb digidb diki nbvojo nukceono.
Pubmbs eocbr bxpbrhkbgtomi nbvojo tü khski, pbri gi bstor
digsdhbgtb mb bjji. Sbdubrmos ojaugo bxpbrhbgdho ebrkiso, ocrukomiro

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?32


 

i sirprbshvo, ug rbdubrmi mb ugo pouso bspigtïgbo bg tu rbsphrodhôg


duogmi bj kikbgti sb ojorao shg socbrji. Bg bspoÿij o bstb fbgôkbgi
jb jjokokis qubmorsb shg rbsphrodhôg. Thkpjbkbgtb shaghdo qub pir ug
kikbgti sb tb ijvhmô rbsphror.

¹Dôki sb rbojhzo jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo9

Kb eog prbaugtomi dig frbdubgdho dôki jb eoai poro sistbgbr kh


rbsphrodhôg pir togti bkpi — ojrbmbmir mb gubvb khgutis. Bg jo
hjukhgodhôg mbj yiao bs kïs fïdhj mb dikprbgmbr, pirqub eodb qub
digtrijbs jo kbgtb ictbghbgmi digtrij sicrb bj shstbko gbrvhisi
outôgiki, oj duoj jo vijugtom pir ji abgbroj gi bgb bj pimbr mb
digtrijor. Bxhstb ug kugmi mb mhfbrbgdho bgtrb ‚sistbgbr tu rbsphrodhôg‛
y jjbaor o sbr ugi dig bjjo.

‚Gi bs pirqub jos disos sbog mhdhjbs qub gi gis otrbvbkis o eodbrjos>
shgi pirqub gi gis otrbvbkis bs qub sig mhdhjbs‛.
TBGBDO

Bj ortb mb jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo bs drbor ugo pouso shdo y kbgtoj


bg jo duoj shkpjbkbgtb gi rbsphros. Bsti suahbrb ugo torbo bxtbguogtb,
khbgtros qub ‚mblorjo sbr‛ bs poshvi y shg bsfubrzi. Duogmi tü gi
rbsphros, gh sisbgbs tu rbsphrodhôg, y siji tb tikos ug mbsdogsi, jo
kbgtb pubmb rbjolorsb, y bstor diki jo supbrdhb mb ug joai trogquhji
mb pbgsokhbgtis bg bj duoj bj ojko y jo hgtuhdhôg pubmbg rbblorsb i
hjukhgorsb. Osë diki bg bj yiao, bxhstbg kudeos mhfbrbgtbs vbrbmos qub
jjbvog o jo hjukhgodhôg bg bj sokomeh, osë bs qub eoy kudeos mhfbrbgtbs
tèdghdos y kètimis mb cudbi jhcrb qub pubmbg jjbvorgis o ug ghvbj kïs
ojti mb digsdhbgdho.
Poro sbr cubgi bg rbojhzor jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo, bs drudhoj pimbr
ijvhmor i mhsijvbr bj bkpi. Bstb bstomi pubmb sbr ojdogzomi o trovès
mbj uli bg migmb pubmbs vijvbrtb ugi siji dig tus oddhigbs, i diki
ugo bspbdhb mb trogdb murogtb jo kbmhtodhôg migmb ‚tb ijvhmos mb 
khski‛, porbdhmi o duogmi tb phbrmbs bg tus pbgsokhbgtis. Ji üjki
qub mbcbs eodbr khbgtros sisbgbs jo rbsphr
rbsphrodhôg
odhôg bs vbr bj rbjil i p
pbgsor
bgsor
bg bj bkpi, pirqub oj pigbr tu otbgdhôg bg bj bkpi, èstb tokchèg
bxhsrï tu kbgtb.

Jo tbgshôg shdo dirrbdto y jo trogquhjhmom 


 sig hkpirtogtbs bg bj bgtrbgokhbgti y jo dikpbdhôg.

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?36


 

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?31


 

Rgo kogbro mb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg bs sojhbgmi digsdhbgtbkbgtb


mbj bstomi digsdhbgtb eochtuoj, yo qub bs kïs fïdhj jiarorji sh tü khski
gi bstïs prbsbgtb. Bs mbdhr, mbcb kogtbgbrsb ug ghvbj y digtrij gbutroj
mb jo digsdhbgdho. Duogmi rbojhzi jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo pir jorai
bkpi, tbgai jo eochjhmom mb bstor bg firko digsdhbgtb poshvo, dig
ug pbqubÿi ‚dogoj mb juz‛ ochbrti oj kbmhi okchbgtb bxtbrhir. Bj dogoj
mb juz bs diki ug ehji gi bj duoj digstuyb kh ‚jëgbo mb sbaurhmom‛
bxodtokbgtb ji qub eodbg tus iëmis duogmi
bxodtokbgtb du ogmi mubrkbs.
Duogmi bstïs bg ug subÿi prifugmi gi iybs gomo, gh shquhbro jo küshdo
fubrtb, i pimrëo mbdhrsb qub iybs timi, pbri gi rbahstros gomo, pirqub
tus sbgmis bstïg omirkbdhmis. Sboddhigos üghdokbgtb o jos ojbrtos —
sh arhtog tu gikcrb, ô sh subgo bj rbjil mbspbrtomir.
mbspbrtomir. Pricocjbkbgtb eos
trotomi mb mbspbrtor lusti ogtbs mb qub bj rbjil subgb, osë qub o pbsor mb
qub tu digsdhbgdho eo shmi opoaomo, bgbs ugo bspbdhb mb digsdhbgdho
itocjb qub sb bgdubgtro orrhco mb tu ghvbj girkoj mb digsdhbgdho. Mb
jo khsko kogbro eb bgtrbgomi jo eochjhmom mb ‚rbarbsor‛ pir kh dubgto
 lusti o bkpi poro
poro bj tèrkhgi mb kh hgkbrshôg.
hgkbrshôg.

Mhsubjvb tus pbgsokhbgtis

Kb austorëo prbsbgtor ug por mb blbkpjis mb dôki rbojhzi jo rbsphrodhôg


sistbghmo y ji qub bxpbrhkbgti. Thg bkcorai, prhkbri digtbstorè itro
mb jos prbaugtos qub dig frbdubgdho kb eodbg, sicrb ¹duïjbs sig khs
pbgsokhbgtis duogmi sistbgai jo rbsphrodhôg pir jorai bkpi9 Bsto
prbaugto bs titojkbgtb rbjbvogtb,
rbjbvogtb, y pubmi bgtbgmbr pirquè jo abgtb sb ji
prbaugto, ougqub bs ugo prbaugto mhdhj mb digtbstor
digtbstor hgbquëvidokbgtb.
Ji kïs hkpirtogtb mbcb sbr qub gi bs hkpirtogtb ji qub phbgsos, shgi
dôki ji phbgsos.
Eoy vorhos tèdghdos mhspighcjbs poro kogblor tu dirrhbgtb mb
pbgsokhbgtis. Pubmbs trotor mb bjhkhgor odvokbgtb pbgsokhbgtis
gbaovis qub tb eodbg bgilor, bstor trhstb i oahtomi rbbkpjozïgmijis
dig pbgsokhbgtis pishvis
pishvis i gbutrojbs. Mb hauoj kogbro, pubmbs trotor
mb suprhkhr jis pbgsokhbgtis gbaovis dbgtrïgmitb üghdokbgtb bg
ug bstomi kbgtoj pishvi. Sbmudhr jo vbjidhmom mb tus pbgsokhbgtis
tokchèg tb trogquhjhzo. Itri bgfiqub bs hkoahgor poshvokbgtb tus
pbgsokhbgtis diki bg ugo sbrhb mb trbgbs qub posog sicrb  bg ugo
pjotofirko. Th tb porbdb pubmbs ocirmor ug dorruolb (ug pbgsokhbgti)
b hgvbsaorji. ¹Dôki sb vb9 Th oporbdb ug pbgsokhbgti gbaovi,
mèloji posor. Gi tb oahtbs gh trotbs mb mbsbdeor bj pbgsokhbgti. Th gi
mbsoporbdb, mèloji pbrkogbdbr,
pbrkogbdbr, y sigrëbjb.

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?35


 

Bstb blbrdhdhi bs ugo cubgo kbmhtodhôg digsdhbgtb bg migmb icsbrvos


digsdhbgtbkbgtbb y odbptos jis pbgsokhbgtis qub oporbdbg shg luzaorjis
digsdhbgtbkbgt
i ogojhzorjis. ]us pbgsokhbgtis sb pubmbg kivbr sicrb mhfbrbgtbs
ghvbjbs, y pubmbs bgsbÿortb o  khski vorhos y mhfbrbgtbs tèdghdos mb
hkoahgodhôg y kbmhtodhôg. Dig bj bkpi y oj kbliror tu eochjhmom poro
icsbrvor y bstor otbgti o tus pbgsokhbgtis, pimrïs sbr dopoz mb mor o tu
dbrbcri ug kbgsolb bfbdvi,
bfbdvi, digtrijor tus voais pbgsokhbgtis, y drbor
gubvis y pishvis.
Bs kudei ji qub pubmbs oprbgmbr odbrdo mb  khski bsdudeogmi o
tu dubrpi ‚eocjïgmitb‛.
‚eocjïgmitb‛. Oj hgdrbkbgtor jo digsdhbgdho bg tu dubrpi y tu
kbgtb tb digbdtorïs digai khski mb ugo kogbro gubvo y mhfbrbgtb,
mb toj firko qub ojdogdbs ug ghvbj kïs ojti mb rbjolodhôg, digdbgtrodhôg
y kbmhtodhôg. ]hbgbs shkpjbkbgtb qub sbr, i jjbaor o sbr ugi digai
khski. Oj vbr jo kbmhtodhôg mbsmb bstb bstb ïgauji, tb morïs
morïs dubgto mb qub
gi bgb gomo qub
qu b vbr dig sbr ‚rbjhahisi‛ i dig ojai bgvubjti bg khstbrhi
y rhtuojbs, bg dokchi së bs ugo kogbro goturoj mb pbgsor mb timis jis
eukogis y qub pubmb sbr bgtrbgomo.
O vbdbs troti mb mhsijvbr ug pbgsokhbgti ‚girkoj‛ y kb dbgtri kblir
bg jis kivhkhbgtis mb kh dubrpi ô bg jo pisturo. Bj dirozôg
dirozôg bs ug ôraogi
dbgtroj, bj duoj mbcb ugi mb sbr dopoz mb sbgr y digtrijor. Murogtb
khs kblirbs hgkbrshigbs pubmi sbgr kh dirozôg hgtbgsokbgtb. Jotb
mb kogbro kuy dôkimo y suovb, sus vhcrodhigbs, i sighmis ocsircbg
kh kbgtb pir dikpjbti.
dikpjbti. Duogmi jiaros ojdogzor ug cubg digtodtidigtodti
dig bj dirozôg, oprbgmbs o bsdudeorji y pubmbs hguhr bg èj mb kogbro
shaghdovo, hgkbmhotokbgtb tb vijvbrïs cubgi poro sistbgbr jo
rbsphrodhôg.
Itro mhvbrmo y pbqubÿo tèdghdo qub o vbdbs usis bs jo eochjhmom mb
ritor kh dubrpi y kh kbgtb. Duogmi kb pigai cido ocoli y sistbgai
jo rbsphrodhôg coli bj oauo, hkoahgi o kh dubrpi qub rito 80 aromis
ojrbmbmir mb su blb jigahtumhgoj poro vijtborkb eodho orrhco. Mbspuès mb
eocbr ritomi suovbkbgtb mb rbarbsi o jo pishdhôg gbutroj, kb vijtbi 80
aromis eodho bj itri jomi. Goturojkbgtb, gi kb kubvi gh ugo pujaomo,
pbri sb shbgtb diki sh bstuvhbro rbdistomi mb jomi bg bj oauo.
Rg pbqubÿi digsbli bs qubqu b dhbrrbs jis ilis. Ombkïs mb oeirror ixëabgi
bg bskujis vhsuojbs gi hkpirtogtbs, bs kïs fïdhj poro digtrijor tus
pbgsokhbgtis y pir digshauhbgtb jos rboddhigbs mb tu dubrpi, duogmi
vijtbos o vbr tu hgtbrhir. Duogmi vholbs o tu ughvbrsi hgtbrhir, oprbgmbrïs
kudei odbrdo mb disos gubvos b hgtbrbsogtbs mb  khski. Ombkïs, tb
mbsprbgmbrïs mb ji qub tb rimbo bg tu vhmo mhorho qub dig frbdubgdho tb
mhstrob. Th shbkprb bstïs otiromi bg bj kugmi qub tb rimbo, ¹dôki tb
vos o pimbr rbjolor y rbdoraortb
rbdoraortb mb gubvo cotbrëo9

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?38


 

Kobstro mb Cudbi Dikbrdhoj Opgbo ?8=3. Duogmi tuvb bj eigir mb digidbr


o jo Trhto. Tubni Kotsuino, bjjo tbgëo 53 oÿis. Bjjo eocëo bstomi trocologmi
diki cuzo oko prifbshigoj (cuzo mb pbrjos) bg Lopôg mbsmb ?8=3 y gi eocëo
bstomi bgfbrko gh ug mëo bg kïs mb 60 oÿis. ]imovëo cudbo kïs mb duotri
eiros mhorhos oj mëo b hgtbgto eodbrji pir kudeis oÿis kïs pir vbghr. Jo ehstirho
mb su vhmo bs ugo mb jos kïs hgsphromiros qub eb bsdudeomi poro rborkor jo
bxhstbgdho.

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?40


 

Jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo bg bj oauo

Jo fokiso dhto, ‚Bstï kudei kblir ojjï ocoli‛ mb jo pbjëdujo ‚ ]eb Cha
Cjub‛ (Ozuj Prifugmi) mb ojaugo kogbro suko
suko jo bsbgdho mbj cudbi jhcrb
bg migmb sisbgbs tu rbsphrodhôg bg bj oauo. ]og prigti diki tb djovos
coli jo supbrdhb, bgtros bg itri ughvbrsi y vijtbos tu khromo eodho
ombgtri mb  khski. Duogmi mblos mb rbsphror y jbgtokbgtb dobs mbgtri
mb jo icsduro y quhbto prifugmhmom, vholos mb rbarbsi o ug bstomi qub
digidbs kuy chbg pbri qub gi pubmbs rbdirmor, bj kikbgti bg bj qub
bstocos dôkimi y shg pbsi bg bj vhbgtrb mb tu komrb. Jis rbdubrmis mbj
prhgdhphi mb tu vhmo duogmi itocos
itocos mbgtri mb ug pbqubÿi togqubtogqub mb
oauo ojrbmbmir mbj digstogtb sighmi mb jis jomis mb tu dirozôg
dirozôg qub sb
bgdubgtro bg ji prifugmi mb tu dbrbcri y tu bsphgo mirsoj. Rg kikbgti
bg tu vhmo duogmi jo gidhôg mbj korabg mb bkpi jhgboj gi eocëo shmi
hgtrimudhmo y migmb timos tus gbdbshmombs bstocog sosfbdeos.
sosfbdeos.
 Bs hkpishcjb bxprbsor dig pojocros jos bxpbrhbgdhos qub vhvbs mbcoli
mb jo supbrdhb, duogmi bj oauo odorhdho mbjhdomokbgtb tu doro y tu
dubrpi, tu pujsi mbdrbdb y tu dbrbcri sb rbjolo. Duogmi bstïs mbcoli mb
jo supbrdhb, hgkbmhotokbgtb
hgkbmhotokbgtb tb mbsdigbdtos mbj bstrès y corujji mb jo
vhmo mhorho. Xo gi bxhstbg jis ruhmisis tbjèfigis, gh kbgsolbs, i cuzigbs
c uzigbs
jjbgis mb dirrbi, gi bxhstbg dubgtos mb bjbdtrhdhmom pir poaor, u itros
trhvhojhmombs mb jo vhmo mhorho qub digsukbg tu bkpi y bgbraëo. Gi
eoy gomo qub tb digbdtb dig jo supbrdhb bxdbpti jo khsko rbsphrodhôg
sistbghmo qub tb digbdto dig jo vhmo. Tijokbgtb bstïs tü y ugo prbshôg
qub oukbgto bg tu pbdei diki ug ocroz oc rozi
i mb okir y jos vhcrodhigbs mbj
prifugmi y dojjomi tigi mbj kor. Bs kuy pishcjb qub bstb tigi gi sbo
itri qub bj kogtro Ik, bj sighmi mbj ughvbrsi, dehspbogmi vhmo o domo
dèjujo mb tu dubrpi.
Bg cudbi jhcrb prifbshigoj dikphtbs dig quhbg pubmo sistbgbr jo
rbsphrodhôg pir kïs bkpi, ]ü ‚bstrbsos‛ tu dubrpi y tu kbgtb o toj
aromi, qub jo abgtb pimrëo digshmbror bxtrbki. Pir ji qub ‚bj outi-
digidhkhbgti hgtbrhir‛
hgtbrhir‛ y jo eochjhmom poro rbjolorsb sig bxtrbkomokbgtb
bxtrbkomokbgtb
hkpirtogtbs. Ofirtugomokbgtb, pubmbs bkpjbor bstos duojhmombs dig
bj khski èxhti qub duogmi rbarbsos o jo supbrdhb mb jo brro. Bs pir
bjji qub oj opjhdor tèdghdos mb cudbi jhcrb o kudeos shtuodhigbs mb jo
vhmo mhorho y oahtomo bs tog pjodbgtbri y cbgèdi.
Th bstïs hgvijudromi bg odvhmombs oduïdos diki bj surga, noyonhga
y rohga, btd., bs mb
m b ojto rbjbvogdho digtor dig digidhkhbgtis cïshdis mb
dôki pubmb ofbdtortb bj sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg. Bsti opjhdo o jo abgtb
qub poso bkpi coli jo supbrdhb proddogmi bj ‚Tduco Mhvhga‛ bs
mbdhr,, cudbi dig togqub, bgtrbgogmi oghkojbs oduïdis, mb sojvovhmos i
mbdhr

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?4?


 

Jo eochjhmom mb digtrijor tu dubrpi y kbgtb y bgtror bg ug bstomi mb uli pubmb


jjbvortb o ug ojti rbgmhkhbgti bg shtuodhigbs
s htuodhigbs bstrbsogtbs.

shkhjorbs, yo qub jos dhrdugstogdhos pubmbg dokchor hgstogtïgbokbgtb.


Bj ebdei mb socbr sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg bs ug arog fodtir mb sbaurhmom,
bj duoj tb pubmb oyumor o bvhtor bj pïghdi y kogtbgbrtb dojkomi hgdjusi
murogtb bvbgtis pbjharisis.

‚Oqubj quhbg digidb bj progoyoko y bj nbvojh bs bj vbrmombri yiah. ¹_uè gi


pimrëo jiaror bg bstb
bstb kugmi,
kugmi, oquèj qub eo omquhrhmi
bj èxhti bg bj nbvo
nbvojhjh nukceono9‛
AEBSOGMO TOKEH]O

Mb ebdei, sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg bs ug vbrmombri ortb qub tb pubmb


eodbr kudei chbg. Bs dikpjhdomi bg kudeos kogbros, pbri tokchèg bs
kuy shkpjb y siji rbquhbrb qub gi ji phbgsbs kudei. Pubmbs dikporor
mb kogbro rozigocjb bj sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg dig ug shkpjb odti mb
bquhjhcrhi shdi. Th tb bgdubgtros dokhgogmi sicrb ugo vhao i corro y
tu bquhjhcrhi bstï fugdhigogmi, bs fïdhj. Bs bg bj kikbgti bg bj qub

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?43


 

bkphbzos o pbgsor bg ji qub bstïs eodhbgmi ô mumos mb qub pubmos


kogtbgbr bj bquhjhcrhi qub tb dobs. Bj cudbi jhcrb bs bxodtokbgtb ji
khski. Osë qub, ¡bsdudeo tu dubrpi!
Bg Ocrhj ?. 30?0, ojdogdè jo bpëtikb bg sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg, duogmi
jjbauè o sbr jo prhkbro pbrsigo bg posor jo corrbro kïahdo mb 30 khgutis.
Bj cudbi sb jjbvô o doci bg ug togqub dig curigbs triphdojbs mbspuès
mb hgeojor ixëabgi puri y fub ug Sbdirm Kugmhoj Auhggbss. Bj titoj mbj
bkpi mb cudbi fub mb 30 khgutis y ?0 sbaugmis, murogtb timi bstb
bkpi ujhdè mhfbrbgtbs tèdghdos mb digdbgtrodhôg y kbmhtodhôg, tojbs
diki jo rbjolodhôg mbj dubrpi, rbdubrmis mb jo hgfogdho y jo eochjhmom
poro ijvhmorkb mb kë khski. Bg kh kbgtb, bj cudbi bro mb goturojbzo
kïs chbg kbgtoj qub shdo, osë diki jo eochjhmom mb suprhkhr bj rbbli
pir rbsphror pir togti bkpi bstoco prifugmokbgtb bgrohzomi o kh
drbbgdho bg qub bsti bro rbojkbgtb
rbojkbgtb pishcjb.

Bj gicjb ortb mb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg

Oj cudbi jhcrb tokchèg sb jb jjoko opgbo, ugo pojocro arhbao qub quhbrb
mbdhr ‚shg ohrb‛. Pricocjbkbgtb digizdos bj digdbpti mb opgbo mbj
subÿi, ji duoj bs ugo bgfbrkbmom bg jo qub oj dubrpi shkpjbkbgtb sb jb
‚ijvhmo‛
‚ijvhmo‛ rbsphror murogtb bj subÿi.
Bg bj dursi mb jo ehstirho bj cudbi jhcrb sb eo usomi poro vorhis
pripôshtis. Bg Mhgokordo, murogtb bxdovodhigbs mb osbgtokhbgtis mb
jo Bmom mb Phbmro, sb eog bgdigtromi bgirkbs phjorbs mb digdeos mb
ojkblo, bvhmbgdho mb qub gubstris ogdbstris rbdijbdtocog ojhkbgtis
mbcoli mb jo supbrdhb. O ji jorai mbj Kor Kbmhtbrrïgbi, bj cudbi jhcrb
sb shaub usogmi poro rbdijbdtor
rbdijbdtor bspiglos, bg Lopôg jis fokisis cuzis
oko proddog jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo, cudbog y sodog pbrjos, ojaos
korhgos y kijusdis mb jos prifugmhmombs. Murogtb ug tiur ojrbmbmir
mbj kugmi bg ?886, vhshtè bj Comloi, bj Kor mb Ahtogis, quhbgbs eochtog
bg citbs bg jos Dbjbcbs y Tuju bgtrb Cirgbi y Jos Fhjhphgos. Jis Comloi
sig gôkomos mbj kor y roro
roro vbz vog o jo irhjjo, vhvbg bg dosos bg cordozos
y bg dosos mb ordhjjo bg bj kor. Duogmi jjbauè oj Pubrti mb Dbcu, jis
 lôvbgbs Comloi yoyo gi cudbocog poro sodor bspiglos i pbsdomi shgi poro poro
digsbauhr crhjjogtbs kigbmos qub orrilog oj oauo oau o jis turhstos.
Eiy bg mëo bj cudbi jhcrb sb proddo okpjhokbgtb diki mbpirtb mb
bkpi jhcrb, diki bj ‚sgirnbjhga‛, cudbi dig sgirnbj ô jo pbsdo dig
orpôg. Duojquhbro pubmb bgtror oj kor y bxpbrhkbgtor vbr o jis oghkojbs
mb dijirbs, mhsfrutor bj sbgkhbgti mb trogquhjhmom, y mb jo jhcbrtom mb
gi pbsor qub tb ifrbdb bj oauo.

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?44


 

Bj cudbi jhcrb sb eo bxtbgmhmi domo vbz kïs y kïs bg ug ghvbj


prifbshigoj
prif bshigoj bg jis üjkis 20 oÿis bg mhfbrbgtbs
mhfbrbgtbs pis mb dikpbtbgdhos.
Bg jis üjkis ?0 oÿis eo bxpbrhkbgtomi ug vbrmombri rbgodhkhbgti.
Bsti sb mbcb bg portb o jo arog iraoghzodhôg mb jo dikughmom mb cudbi
jhcrb prifbshigoj,
prifbshigoj, qub eo jjbvomi o ugo koyir otbgdhôg mb jis kbmhis mb
dikughdodhôg.
]oj vbz jo rozôg kïs hkpirtogtb bs qub bj cudbi jhcrb duomro dig
jos tbgmbgdhos odtuojbs, bg jos qub domo vbz kïs y kïs abgtb mbsbo
digidbrsb kblir o së khski y odbrdorsb kïs o jo goturojbzo, pir
digshauhbgtb jjbaor o sbr portb mb ug bsji mb vhmo eijësdi,
eijësdi, bg ji duoj bj
cudbi jhcrb sb dikportb dig bj yiao.

‚]imi dikbgzô
dikbgzô duogmi kh pomrb gbdbshtoco bj outôarofi mb Ta poro
kh dukpjboÿis. Osë qub bgvhô ugo dorto bg jo duoj bsdrhchô qub tog
hgtbrbsomi bstoco
bstoco bg bj oauo y bg bj cudbi. Sbdhcë ugo dorto mb Ta bg
jo duoj kb ifrbdëo ug dursi bg bj Djuc mb Cudbi Jhcrb mb Ooreus. Bstoco
bgtushoskomi y kb bgrijè diki khbkcri mbj djuc mbspuès mbj dursi
y mbsmb bgtigdbs
bgtigdbs pbrtbgbzd
pbrtbgbzdii o èj. Gi pimëo gomor gh shquhbro ugo
mhgïkhdo mb 20 kbtris ogtbs mb qub dikbgzoro o proddor bj cudbi-
jhcrb, pbri oeiro eoai kïs mb ?00. Eb hgdjusi dikpromi ugo dïkoro
sukbrahcjb poro tikor fitis mb timis bsis oghkojbs fosdhgogtbs dig
jis qub kb bgdubgtri coli jo supbrdhb‛.

Kordus Kõjjbr Chtsde, ?6 oÿis, cuzi jhcrb

Bg bj cudbi jhcrb opjhdo ugo rbajo mb iri<


¡GRGDO cudbbs siji!

Kh rbdirm 5½=0

Oeiro tb hgvhti o qub tb ugos o kë mbcoli mb jo supbrdhb bg ug cudbi


qub rbojhdè, y o vholor o trovès mb jos mhfbrbgtbs btopos mb kë cudbi.
Bspbri qub rbdigizdos ospbdtis mb jo rboddhôg mbj dubrpi y jo jëgbo
eijësdo mb pbgsokhbgti mb jo jisio yiao dig jo duoj yo tb eocrïs
fokhjhorhzomi.

Duogmi sisbgbs jo rbsphrodhôg y tb bgdubgtros bg kbmhtodhôg


 prifugmo, pubmbs
pubmbs ijvhmortb mb okcis, bj bkpi y ttu
u khski.

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?4=


 

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?42


 

‚Jo sbgsodhôg mb rbscojorsb shg dobrsb‛


O\RJ PSIFRGMI

Bj cudbi sb jjbvô o doci bg jo dikpbtbgdho hgtbrgodhigoj, Ooreus ]rhpjb


Deojjbgab bg bj vbrogi mb 3001 y murô 5 khgutis y =0 sbaugmis. Tb jb
rbahstrô diki jo kblir dikpbtbgdho mb cudbi bg jo jhsto mbj rognhga
kugmhoj mb bsb oÿi, y sb kb itiraô bj ‚Prbkhi oj Cudbi Jhcrb Kugmhoj
3001‛. Bj pi mb prubco fub jo jjokomo opgbo bstïdo poro sistbgbr jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg bg migmb
m igmb kb rbdubsti shg kivbrkb bg bj oauo, sistbghbgmi
kh rbsphrodhôg lusti mbcoli mb jo supbrdhb.

Sbsphrodhôg prbporot
p rbporotirho
irho

Ogtbs mb ugo dikpbtbgdho mb cudbi, posi ojrbmbmir mb duotri khgutis


sbgtomi dig khs ilis dbrromis rbsphrogmi dojjomokbgtb. Kb pigai
mb rimhjjos bg oauos colos (jo Pisturo mb mhokogtb), kogtbgai kh
bspojmo rbdto bg ugo pishdhôg goturoj, osbaurïgmikb mb qub bj pbdei
bstè ochbrti, y bsdudei kh prifugmo, orkighiso y jbgto rbsphrodhôg.
Kbgtojkbgtb bstiy digdbgtromi bg bstor rbjolomi, tbgbr ugo sigrhso
hgtbrhir y shgbgmi jo juz. ]rbs
]rbs khgutis ogtbs mbj cudbi, rbsphri ug pidi
kïs prifugmi, shbkprb o trovès mb jo gorhz. Mis khgutis ogtbs, bkphbzi
o rbsphror kïs pbsomokbgtb y bxeoji pir jo cido, eodhbgmi firko mb
tügbj. O bsti sb jb jjoko ‚rbsphrodhôg mb purao‛ pirqub jo cido odtüo
diki ugo vïjvujo drbogmi ugo koyir prbshôg sicrb jis pujkigbs, qub
eodb qub jis ojvèijis sb ocrog diki irbs poro pbrkhr qub jo sogarb
ocsirco kïs ixëabgi.
Khs ilis oüg shaubg dbrromis, y sh jis ocri, gi vbi gh giti gomo,
shgi kïs chbg icsbrvi poshvokbgtb, diki duogmi bstïs pbrmhmi bg
tus priphis pbgsokhbgtis. Jis üjkis 40 sbaugmis ogtbs mbj cudbi
rbsphri oüg kïs fubrtb y eoai ug shkpjb arog cistbzi. Eb bgtrbgomi
jo eochjhmom mb cistbzor ‚ig dikkogm‛, bs mbdhr mïgmijb jo irmbg o
kh dubrpi, diki tü socbs bj cistbzi crhgmo ug bfbdti trogquhjhzogtb,
pjodbgtbri y omirocjb.
omirocjb. Ombkïs, bs ugo sbÿoj poro bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb
mb qub bs bj kikbgti mb bstor dikpjbtokbgtb rbjolomi.
Rjhzi jo Sbsphrodhôg yiao, migmb bj ‚bstôkoai
‚bstôkoai‛‛ bj (mhofroako)
(mhofroako) y
bj pbdei sb ujhzog mb kogbro ôpko. Jo üjko bxeojodhôg bs kïs
prifugmo y kïs jorao mb ji usuoj. Tigrëi y suovbkbgtb dig digtrij,
jjbgi jis pujkigbs dikbgzogmi mbsmb bj figmi. Duogmi yo gi pubmi
jjbgor kïs khs pujkigbs, jjbvi o doci ugo kidhôg goj qub mbsorrijjè
kudeis oÿis ogtbs, qub poro
p oro kh sirprbso gi eb vhsti o itris cuzis-jhcrbs

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?46


 

blbdutorjo. Duogmi prbshigi jhabrokbgtb khs kusjis dig khs mbmis, jo


prbshôg bg khs pujkigbs dob pir ug kikbgti, pirqub jo pishdhôg mbj
mhofroako dokcho, y jhcbrogmi jo dolo tirïdhdo pubmi hgeojor kudei kïs
ohrb eosto jo portb supbrhir mb jis pujkigbs y jo aoraogto
aoraogto pir kbmhi mb
jis eubsis mbj dubjji.
Mbspuès mb bsi, ‚bkpoquè‛ ugis duogtis jhtris omhdhigojbs mb ohrb
bg jis pujkigbs usogmi jo jbgauo diki phstôg. Bsto bs ugo tèdghdo
kuy digidhmo mb cudbi jhcrb, pbri gi sb ujhzo bg ghgaüg itri jomi,
ji duoj bs ugo jïsko, pirqub bj ‚bkpoqub‛ pubmb usorsb bg kudeos
itros shtuodhigbs. ]rotorbkis bsb tbko kïs ombjogtb bg jo Sbsphrodhôg
tbropèudo. Bkpodi ohrb ?3 vbdbs y kb pigai jo kïsdoro mb cudbi oj
khski bkpi, ogtbs mb rbscojorkb pir bj oauo
oau o eosto bj digtbi mbj lubz.

Mhskhguhr bj pujsi y jo juz mb jugo

Jo prbshôg bg jis pujkigbs doraomis bs ojto, pbri sb shbgtb chbg,


y siji oj posor mis sbaugmis ogtbs mb sbgr bj rbbli mbj cudbi qub
bkphbzo, y kh pujsi dob. Kb osbauri mb qub kh dubjji y kh jbgauo
bstèg dikpjbtokbgtb rbjolomis poro osë drbor ugo prbshôg mèchj bgtrb
jo aoraogto y mbcoli mb jo jbgauo poro qub prbshigb mbjhdomokbgtb jo
portb pistbrhir mb jo cido. Bsti drbo ug ‚dogmomi‛ oprbtomi mb ohrb
qub lugti dig bj Dogmomi mb aoraogto mèchj kogbgbg bj ohrb bg jis
pujkigbs.
Mbspuès mb ug crbvb pbrhimi mb bkpi ug mhsdi djori mb juz oporbdb
ogtb kh vhshôg hgtbrhir.
hgtbrhir. Diki sb mbsdrhchô ogtbrhirkbgtb,
ogtbr hirkbgtb, mhfbrbgtbs pis
mb tèdghdos, tojbs diki jo rbjolodhôg, jo hkoahgodhôg, jo digdbgtrodhôg y
jo kbmhtodhôg pubmbg bkpjborsb. Pubmbs tbgbr vorhis pbgsokhbgtis i
rbdirmor tu hgfogdho i vododhigbs dig tu fokhjho, okhais i dikpoÿbris.
Pubmbs tokchèg rbdrbor kikbgtis ebrkisis ô bkidhigbs qub eoyos
sbgmi pir mbcoli mb jo supbrdhb bg isdhjogtbs dirrhbgtbs idbïghdos,
dig mogzogtbs mb ojaos korhgos y dirojbs, i toj vbz rbdirmor ebrkisis
oghkojbs dig jis qub tb bgdigtrostb pir mbcoli mb jo supbrdhb, mbjgbs,
curigbs, tirtuaos mb kor ô pbqubÿis pbdbs mb dijirbs.
Pbri murogtb bstb cudbi, oeë bstoco, bsb pbqubÿi mhsdi qub bstï bg
kh kbgtb. Jo juz bg bj mhsdi bs frbsdo y dijirhmo diki jo jugo, y ojrbmbmir
mb bjjo pbqubÿis royis mb juz qub hgugmog jo firko mb jos eilos mbj jiti.
Jis dijirbs dokchog bgtrb bj ozuj y bj vbrmb dig goroglo bg bj kbmhi,
kuy porbdhmi o ugo pbqubÿo oko mb jïkporo mb aos. Oeiro Oeiro y mbspuès
bso juz qub kb rimbo sb eodb kïs crhjjogtb y porpombogtb, diki duogmi
bstos ocoli mbj oauo y ebdeos ug vhstozi eodho orrhco, eodho bj sij y jis

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?41


 

royis mb juz otrovhbsog


royis otrovhbsog jo supbrdhb bg ug ocoghdi mb pijvi.
Bg rbtrispbdvo rbdubrmi eocbr bxpbrhkbgtomi ug dijir y mhsdi
shkhjor mis vbdbs bg kh vhmo. Rgo vbz, ji bxpbrhkbgtè murogtb ug cudbi
gidturgi bg jis givbgtos dig kh cubg okhai y cuzi ‚cummy‛
‚cummy ‛ Derhstibr
khbgtros qub kb rbdistoco sicrb bj figmi mb jo coeëo mb Ooreus
bdeogmi ug vhstozi eodëo orrhco oj dhbji bstrbjjomi qub bstoco hjukhgomi
pir ugo bgirkb jugo jjbgo. Poro oqubjjis qub gi eoyog bxpbrhkbgtomi
jo jugo pir mbcoli mb jo supbrdhb, pubmi mbdhrjbs qub sb osukb diki
ugo bspbdhb mb royi bjèdtrhdi ji duoj gi bxpbrhkbgtos fubro mbj oauo.
Jo itro idoshôg fub murogtb bj dokpbigoti kugmhoj mb prifugmhmom mb
cudbi jhcrb bg Bahpti bg bj itiÿi mbj 3001 duogmi
duogm i kb lojè eodho ocoli o
ji jorai mb jo dubrmo dig mis cuzis jhcrbs subdis o ugo prifugmhmom mb
i 3= kbtris usogmi üghdokbgtb bj vhsir.
Murogtb jo rbojhzodhôg
rbojhzodhôg bstïdo hghdhoj, bgtrè bg bj mhsdi mb juz y bj du
duoj
oj
mbsoporbdhô eodho bj hgtbrhir mb kh kbgtb, dikpjbtokbgtb ousbgtb mb
jo phsdhgo y mbj cudbi. Bg digbxhôg dig bsti rbsujto pordujorkbgtb
hgtbrbsogtb kbgdhigor mhfbrbgtbs fbgôkbgis qub oporbdbg bg kh
kbgtb, duogmi jis shmmehs, priphbmombs cbgèdos mbj yiao dikhbgzog
dikhbgzog o
tikor firko. Duogmi eos sistbghmi jo rbsphrodhôg pir ug jorai bkpi
murogtb bj yiao pubmbs vbr euki, vhbgtis dojhbgtbs, fubai, judhèrgoaos,
royis,
royis, drhstojbs i jo jugo.

Tbÿojbs mbj dubrpi

Oprixhkomokbgtb mbspuès mb dhgdi khgutis jo prhkbro mèchj sbÿoj mb


qub bj dubrpi mbsbo rbsphror oporbdb, mhbri mb jos digtroddhigbs mbj
mhofroako, mbspuès mb sbhs khgutis bj bstôkoai dikhbgzo o kivbrsb,
pbri troti mb digtrobr bj mhofroako ji kbgis pishcjb. Jos digtroddhigbs
oukbgtog mb ojaugo kogbro mbspuès mb shbtb khgutis pbri gi dousog
kijbso. Kb osbauri mb qub kh dubjji bstb rbjolomi y usi kh jbgauo
poro suovhzor jos digtroddhigbs y jo prbshôg bg jis pujkigbs. Mbspuès
mb idei khgutis jos digtroddhigbs dikhbgzog o hgdrbkbgtor su fubrzo,
pbri jos kubvi eodho bj jomi mbj dubrpi y viy digtr
digtroybgmi
oybgmi bj mhofroako
kïs prifugmi y kïs prifugmi poro rbjolorkb.
Kbgtojkbgtb, bstiy dikpjbtokbgtb digdbgtromi dosh bg trogdb.
Ojrbmbmir mb idei khgutis y trbs sbaugmis mb kh cudbi kh pbqubÿo
ojorko hgtbrgo sb opoao eodhbgmi gitor qub bs bkpi mb bkbrabr.
Mbspuès mb idei khgutis y duorbgto sbaugmis suovbkbgtb sojai o jo
supbrdhb khbgtros bxeoji, rbsphri prifugmokbgtb y kb shbgti chbg y
fbjhz.

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?45


 

Kh prhkbro hgeojodhôg mbspuès mb eocbr sistbghmi jo rbsphrodhôg ug


jorai bkpi bs ji qub sb jjoko ‚eiin-crbote‛ bs mbdhr, bgaogdeorsb
o jo rbsphrodhôg, jo duoj digshstb bg kogtbgbr bj ohrb bg jis pujkigbs
khbgtros qub oj khski bkpi sb hgdrbkbgto jo prbshôg oprbtogmi
bj mhofroako y jis küsdujis ocmikhgojbs qub o su vbz kogbgbg jo
aoraogto y jo bphajis dbrromo. Bsto tèdghdo bs ujhzomo pir jis cuzis
jhcrbs mb kïs ojti rbgmhkhbgti pirqub bjbvo jo prbshôg mbj ixëabgi bg
jis pujkigbs, ji duoj pbrkhtb qub sb jhcbrb kïs ixëabgi bg jo sogarb.
Bj ‚eiin-crbotehga‛ fub irhahgojkbgtb hgvbgtomi pir jis phjitis mb
aubrro bg jo sbaugmo aubrro kugmhoj poro ixhabgorsb bj dbrbcri
duogmi bxpbrhkbgtocog ug lojôg arovhtodhigoj trbkbgmi. Mb oquë bg
ombjogtb, jo tèdghdo fub ijvhmomo dosh pir dikpjbti y drbi qub eiy bg
mëo üghdokbgtb bs usomo odvokbgtb pir cuzis jhcrbs. Bsti bs ugo
josko pirqub bj ‚eiin-crbotehga‛ pubmb sbr mb cbgbdhi bg kudeos
dhrdugstogdhos.
Mbspubs mb cudbor, sigrëi y kb osbauri mb dikpjbtor bj pritidiji
opriphomi mb odubrmi o jos rbajos y bspbror sh jis lubdbs ji oprubcog dig
jo torlbto cjogdo qub idhojkbgtb rbdigidb jo prubco mb cudbi.

Jo vbrbmo eodho tu poroësi hgtbrgi


Rg cuzi jhcrb hgvbgto y digstogtbkbgtb prubco gubvis kètimis,
pirqub bs jo goturojbzo mbj cuzi jhcrb hgvbsaor y ipkhzor bg timos
firkos pishcjbs b (hkpishcjbs). Jo rozôg icvho bs qub üghdokbgtb ugo
dogmom jhkhtomo mb ixëabgi bstï mhspighcjb bg ugo sijo rbsphrodhôg. Bg
abgbroj, jis cuzis kïs mbstodomis bgbgmbg chbg jo pshdijiaëo eukogo
y oghkoj, osë diki jis pridbsis kbgtojbs. Sbspbtog jo goturojbzo y jo
eochjhmom poro dikchgor y digvbrr bj digidhkhbgti, bxpbrhkbgtog jo

hgtuhdhôg
khmbg bgporo
bkpi,primudhr rbsujtomis
prifugmhmom qub bg bj kugmi mbj cudbi jhcrb sb
y jigahtum.
Bj cudbi jhcrb bs kïs chbg ug bsji mb vhmo qub ug mbpirtb. Bsti
bxpjhdo pir què bgb ug bgfiqub bg jis ospbdtis bsphrhtuojbs. Hgdjusi
sh bj cudbi jhcrb mb dikpbtbgdho porbdb sbr jjbvomi pir rbsujtomis, jo
rbjodhôg bgtrb ji
ji shdi y ji bsphrhtuoj bs ji
ji qub eodbg mb bjji bj vbrmombri
vbrmombri
dbgtri mbj mbpirtb. Digdbptis djovbs sb bquhjhcrog bg orkigëo bgtrb jo
kbgtb y bj kugmi bxtbrhir, bgtrb bj eikcrb y bj ughvbrsi.
Pubmi digrkor qub jo dikchgodhôg mb joraos rbsphrodhigbs
sistbghmos, rbjolodhôg dikpjbto, jo digdbgtrodhôg y jo kbmhtodhôg
abgbrog ugo sbgsodhôg mb bufirho y fuao, ji duoj drbo djorhmom kbgtoj
qub pubmb
bxhtisi muror
cudbi bg bj dubrpi pir eiros ô hgdjusi mëos mbspuès mb ug
jhcrb.

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?48


 

‚Mhis bstï bg bj figmi mbj kor y yi cudbi poro bgdigtrorjb.‛


BG\I KOHISDO

Jo jbybgmo mbj cudbi


cudb i jhcrb Lodqubs Koyij, gis digtô jo ehstirho shauhbgtb
mbspuès mb eocbr bstomi bg jo Hgmho. Digidhô o ug prifbsir rbromi
ughvbrshtorhi qub eocëo rbgugdhomi o su dorrbro prifbshigoj y sb eocëo
kumomi o ugo pbqubÿo docoÿo poro proddor yiao dig bj pripôshti mb
mhsijvbr su bai. ]bgëo 60 oÿis y dig bgtrbgokhbgti hgtbgsi trotô mb
digtbgbr su rbsphrodhôg pir kïs mb 6 khgutis murogtb sus blbrdhdhis mb
yiao, mbspuès mb ugo crbvb hgtrimuddhôg o jo koghicro mb Vojsojvo pir
kbmhi mb jo duoj bduojhzos jo prbshôg bg bj iëmi kbmhi, Lodqubs Koyij jb
hgdhtô o gomor eodho bj figmi mbj joai. Bg su prhkbr hgtbgti bj prifbsir
prifbsir sb
qubmô bg bj figmi mbj joai pir kïs mb 6 khgutis y duogmi rbarbsô o jo
supbrdhb, bxdjokô, ‚]bgëo rozôg Tr. Koyij!... Bsti bs mb ebdei ug otoli
poro jjbaor o sokomeh‛ (bj poroësi).

‚_ubrhmi Ta,
Bj ebdei mb tbgbr 16 oÿis, hkpjhdo qub tbgai qub duhmorkb

kudei.
jisôdoThbkprb bstï
dirrbdto jo dubsôg
poro kogtbgbrodbrdo mb digtor
ugo kbgtb
kbgt dig coli
b pishvo jo odtum
bstos
bstos
dhrdugstogdhos.
dhrdugstog dhos. Sbsphror opriphomokbgtb rbojkbgtb sb eo digvbrmi
bg bj mbpirtb abguhgi y jo odvhmom goj mb jis ogdhogis. ]imis
gisitris mbcbrëokis proddor gubstro rbsphrodhôg poro sicrbvhvhr
tog digfirtocjbkbgtb diki sbo pishcjb. Mb ojaugo kogbro, jo vhmo
poro timis bs ugo dikpbtbgdho digai khski poro supbror jos
mhdujtombs y jis pricjbkos qub sb bkpbirog dig domo mëo y domo
oÿi qub poso. Khbgtros kïs dogsomo bstè jo ‚kïquhgo, kïs sbauhmi
tbgmrï bj dorcuromir‛ qub sbr olustomi.
Mèlokb eodbr ugo dikporodhôg, sh mbsbos olustor bj dorcuromir bg
tu dorri, mbcbrïs dosh bstrogaujor jo kïquhgo prhkbri y bgsbauhmo

vijtbortb
mbcbrëokis suovbkbgtb bg jo mhrbddhôg
eodbr ji khski ipubsto. mb
dig jo kïquhgo Pimrëos mbdhr qub
rbsphrodhôg. Bg
duojquhbr kikbgti bg jo vhmo, sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg bs bj kètimi
opriphomi poro jiaror bsti. Pir supubsti qub bgbs qub oprbgmbr
o rbojhzor rbsphrodhigbs prifugmos y opriphomos (dig tu mhofroako)
prhkbri poro ojdogzor bj ghvbj mbsbomi mb rbjolodhôg. Tijokbgtb
bgtigdbs pimrïs vhshtor tu ‚sbaugmo‛ rbsphrodhôg rbojhzogmi ug
sistbghkhbgti prijigaomi mb jo rbsphrodhôg. Jos digtroddhigbs
y pbqubÿis kivhkhbgtis mbj mhofroako sb vubjvbg rboddhigbs
digtrijomos, y tu ogshbmom y mbsbspbrodhôg shkpjbkbgtb mbsoporbdb
duogmi bkphbzos o rbsphror mb gubvi‛.

Auy Odnbrkog, pbrhimhsto y bgtushosto mb jo rbsphrodhôg


Ebrkogdb, Tuhzo

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?=0


 

Rg kbgsolb mbj yiao

Bj cudbi jhcrb pubmb sbr vhsti diki kbmhomir mb gubstri bkpi bgtrb
bj yiao y gubstro sidhbmom kimbrgo qub sb coso bg bj digidhkhbgti. Bj
drèmhti mb trobr jos tromhdhigbs irhbgtojbs oj kugmi iddhmbgtoj mbj cudbi
jhcrb sb jb mbcb itiraor
itiraor oj jbabgmorhi cuzi jhcrb frogdès, Lodqubs Koyij.
Th tu digidhkhbgti mbj cudbi jhcrb sb eo mhshpomi, pbri bj gikcrb mb
‚Lodqubs Koyij‛ timovëo tb subgo, bsti pimrëo icbmbdbr oj ebdei mb
qub eoyos vhsti jo djïshdo pbjëdujo mb Jud Cbssig ‚]eb Cha Cjub‛, Ozuj
Prifugmi mb ?855. Jo pbjëdujo mhculo jo okhstom bgtrb Lodqubs Koyij y
su rhvoj htojhogi Bgzi Kohirdo, y otroli otbgdhôg shaghdovo oj kugmi
mbj cudbi jhcrb. Oj khski bkpi jo pbjëdujo kubstro què tog otrodvis
otrodvis
jbs rbsujtog jis cuzis jhcrbs o jis dhbgdis, pirqub bstis otjbtos pubmbg
primudhr sirprbgmbgtbs odtis bg bxpbrhkbgtis
bxpbrhkbgtis digtrijomis.
Jis dokchis shijôahdis qub idurrbg duogmi sb cudbo, tojbs diki bj
mbsdbgsi mb jis jomis mbj dirozôg y bj dokchi bg bj uli mb jo sogarb,
pubmbg mbsdrhchrsb dhbgdokbgtb> khbgtros qub jo sbgsodhôg mb uli
o trovès mbj dubrpi duogmi sb sisbgb jo rbsphrodhôg bg bj oauo, bgb
qub sbr bxpbrhkbgtomo poro pimbrjo bgtbgmbr. Diki bg bj yiao, bstos
bxpbrhbgdhos mb goturojbzo kïs kbgtoj y bsphrhtuoj gi pubmbg sbr
rozigomos.
rozi gomos. Gi pubmbs bgtbgmbrji pir kbmhi mb jbdturo qub trotb sicrb
bjji ¡brbs tü quhbg bgb qub sojtor oj oauo!

Kb mh dubgto mbj pimbr qub bgb rbsphror opriphomokbgtb pir


prhkbro vbz duogmi fuh dig Ta o proddor cudbi jhcrb oj Kor Sili.
Mbspuès mb rbojhzor blbrdhdhis pir ug por mb mëos, pumb bgtigdbs
oauogtor jo rbsphrodhôg pir kïs mb = khgutis mbgtri mbj oauo. ¡Jo
sbgsodhôg mb bso sicrbdora
sicrbdoraoo mb bgbraëo kbgtoj y trogquhjhmom hgtbrhir
fub ‚hgtixhdog
‚hgtixhdogtb‛!
tb‛!
Clorgb Crygn
Bgtrbgomir Lbgsbg,
mb Fhrkos =4 oÿis
y digsblbri
bg jis Lubais Ijëkphdis m
mbb Hgvhbrgi bg Vogdiuvbr
Vogdiuvbr,, 30?0

Tb pubmbg bgdigtror kudeis porojbjhskis bgtrb bj cudbi jhcrb y bj


yiao. Bj iclbvi qub dikportbg bs ipkhzor y kbliror timis jis
pridbsis shijôahdis y kbgtojbs ictbghbgmi outi-bgtbgmhkhbgti,
outi-bgtbgmhkhbgti, outi-
digtrij y outi-mhsdhpjhgo. Oj bkpi, bsti drborï ug kblir bgtbgmhkhbgti
y rbspbti pir jo goturojbzo eukogo y jos firkos bg qub jis eukogis
hgtbrodtuokis ugis dig itris, osë diki dig gubstri kbmhi okchbgtb.
Pordujorkbgtb gubstro rbsphrodhôg, jo duoj dikporkis dig kudeis
itris sbrbs vhvis, bs hkpirtogtb pirqub dig bjjo jiarokis jos disos
kïs hgdrbëcjbs, shbkprb y duogmi jb pigaokis otbgdhôg o gubstro

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?=?


 

rbsphrodhôg.
Kudeos mb jos pisturos y blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg bg bj yiao bstïg
hgtbaromis pir bj rbhgi oghkoj, bsti tokchèg bs vbrmom bg bj dosi mbj
cudbi jhcrb. Gi sijokbgtb jo kogbro diki gomokis, shgi bj usi mb
tèdghdos mb bduojhzodhôg, y bg arog kbmhmo dôki sistbgbkis gubstro
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg pir ug pbrhimi mb bkpi prijigaomi. Bs kuy hkprbshigogtb
ji qub pubmbs oprbgmbr shkpjbkbgtb icsbrvogmi b hgtbgtogmi disos.

‚Kb odubrmi bspbdëdokbgtb mb ug cudbi mb 20 kbtris bg phsdhgo,


duogmi bkbraë o douso mbj coli ghvbj mb ixëabgi, Ta kb prbaugtô
pir què sojë tog prigti. Bro tog sôji kh dbrbcri qub qubrëo rbsphror,
pirqub kh dubrpi bro dopoz mb gomor kudei kïs jblis. Mbspuès mb
ojai mb bgtrbgokhbgti oÿomë kïs kbtris o jo mhstogdho. Dikbgdè
tokchèg o gomor ugo sbrhb mb cudbis, y rbojkbgtb kb austô duogmi
yo kb eocëo rbdupbromi mbj khbmi hghdhoj!‛

Kbb Lodicsbg, 41 oÿis


Dhgdi vbdbs dikpbmir ijëkphdi, 46 kbmojjos bg bj DB y DK

Mbsorrijji Pbrsigoj

Diki bg bj yiao, jis cuzis jhcrbs dig frbdubgdho mbkubstrog eochjhmombs


‚sicrb-goturojbs‛, oj sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg pir kïs mb ?0 khgutis,
cudbor mbcoli mb 300 kbtris btd. Goturojkbgtb, gi eoy gomo sicrb-
goturoj bg bjji y mb kogbro ipubsto oj yiao, bxhstb ug dikpigbgtb
dikpbvi bg bj cudbi jhcrb prifbshigoj, bg migmb jis rbsujtomis sb
khmbg bg kbtris y sbaugmis, hgdjusi eosto bj kïs bsdèpdi bgb qub
rbdigidbr jis rbsujtomis.
Mb bsto kogbro bj cudbi jhcrb vojhmo bjbaogtbkbgtb kudeis khtis
mb jos ogauos bsdrhturos mbj yiao. Osë qub gi timi bs pojocrbrëo,
pricocjbkbgtb eoy ojai mb vbrmom bg ji qub sb eo bsdrhti odbrdo mb jo
gidhôg mb qub ji kïs bvijudhigomi bg jo rbsphrodhôg, digjjbvo ji kïs
bvijudhigomi bg bj digtrij kbgtoj. Bsti ji digrko kh bxpbrhbgdho
pbrsigoj, pbrkëtbkb oarbaor
oarbaor ug blbkpji mb dôki eb trotomi
trotomi mb ughr
ug hr bj
vodëi bgtrb bj kugmi shdi y bj kbgtoj.
Bg 3004 kë qubrhmi okhai y dikpoÿbri bgtrbgomir, Pbtbr Pbmbrsbg,
rikphô ug rbdirm kugmhoj oj rbojhzor 300 kbtris mb cudbi jhcrb dig
ojbtos. ¡Bg bsb bgtigdbs cudbor kïs ojjï mb bsi bro hkpbgsocjb!
Kïs arogmb oüg fub kh sirprbso y kh aizi duogmi fuh bj prhkbri bg
sicrbposor jo kïahdo corrbro mb 300 kbtris bg ugo arog dikpbtbgdho
hgtbrgodhigoj bg jis Poësbs Colis kïs ombjogtb bsb khski oÿi. Rgis

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?=3


 

kbsbs ogtbs eocëo yi bstocjbdhmi khs prhkbris rbdirms kugmhojbs


bg jis duojbs hgtbgtè cudbor tog prifugmi y tog jblis diki fubsb
eukogokbgtb pishcjb bg ugo sijo rbsphrodhôg, shg ojbtos. Bkpbdè o
trocolor dig pridbsis kbgtojbs, bstocjbdhbgmi iclbvis, hkoahgodhôg y
rbaujodhôg mb jo tbgshôg.
Domo koÿogo proddoco bj yiao, y bj priaroko dig frbdubgdho digshso
mb osogos (pisturos y blbrdhdhis mb bsrokhbgti), digdbgtrïgmikb bg
jo rbsphrodhôg, bj progoyoko (digtrij mb jo rbsphrodhôg), rbjolokhbgti,
digdbgtrodhôg, kbmhtodhôg y irodhôg. Fuh ocsirti pir dikpjbti bg bj
progoyoko,
progoy oko, y kh digtrij eo priarbsomi o toj pugti qub
q ub pubmi sistbgbr
jo rbsphrodhôg eosto pir kïs mb 5 khgutis. Kb bgdigtroco tokchèg
bg ugo kuy cubgo digmhdhôg shdo dig ug rhtki dormhivosdujor mb
VI3  Kox orrhco mb 60. ]bgëo pir iclbvi okpjhor kh digsdhbgdho (y
sucdigsdhbgdho) pir kbmhi mbj digdbpti qub kb eb pbrkhmi gikcror
‚pjosdhmom kbgtoj‛.
Kb digdbgtri bg trogsfirkor kh kbgtb y eodbrjo kïs omoptocjb
poro qub kh sucdigsdhbgtb odbptb jos hkïabgbs y pbgsokhbgtis o jis
duojbs jbs eb momi firko murogtb kh sbshôg mb yiao. _ubrëo qub khs
subÿis y khs vhshigbs sb hgtbarorog tog chbg diki timi bj rbsti mb kh
dubrpi. Jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg y jo rbsphrodhôg joraokbgtb sistbghmo rbsujtorig
rbsujtorig
sbr ebrrokhbgtos bxdbjbgtbs poro firtojbdbr y kogtbgbr bstos hkïabgbs.
Sbdurrbgtbkbgtb, posi kudei bkpi trotogmi mb digidbr khs
rbspubstos o shtuodhigbs bstrbsogtbs murogtb bj kïxhki bkpi bg
cudbis mb bgtrbgokhbgti.
bgtrbgokhbgti. Jbgti pbri sbauri, kb mbsjhzi kïs prifugmi
y kïs prifugmi coli mhfbrbgtbs dopos kbgtojbs y digizdi jos sujbs
sbÿojbs mbj dubrpi. Domo cudbi bro diki ug rbdirm kugmhoj poro kë —
gugdo fub sôji pir mhvbrshôg, pirqub tbgëo durhishmom mb hgvbsaor qub
tog jblis pimrëo sicrb posor frigtbros bstogmi digstogtbkbgtb
digstogtbkbgtb oj jëkhtb.
Tb digvhrô bg ug lubai odtuor o kh pjbgi pitbgdhoj, y fub sôji
dubsôg mb bkpi ogtbs mb qub euchbsb jiaromi mbsorrijjor jo eochjhmom
mb digtrijor kh shstbko gbrvhisi pir dikpjbti, o toj aromi qub bj mijir
yo gi luaoco ug popbj shaghdovi. Gi hkpirtoco qub tog ïdhmos sb
tirgorog khs phbrgos, diki dokchoro kh vhshôg (vhshôg mb tügbj, kiromi,
kiromi,
gbari, cjogdi,
cjogdi, btd.), qub kb zukcorog jis iëmis, y shg hkpirtor tok
tokpidi
pidi
qub togti cikcboro kh mhofroako, kogtuvb jo digdbgtrodhôg y mhsfrutè
mb bstor bg bj oauo, ji duoj okè, më ji kblir mb kh.
Oj goj bj mijir bro diki ug okhai, khbgtros kïs mijir, kïs
trogquhjhmom hgtbrhir pimëo yi ojdogzor. ¡Fub hgtbrbsogtb bgtror bg
bj mijir b hgvbsaor mb dbrdo jo bxpbrhbgdho bg vbz mb sbgrkb koj!
Mbsducrë y aromuojkbgtb mbsorrijjè ug rhtki hgtbrhir bj duoj kb ehzi
digdbgtrorkb bg dopodhtorkb poro gi eodbrjbs dosi o jos rboddhigbs mb

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?=4


 

kh dubrpi y ji qub kb rimboco.


Goturojkbgtb, gi timis jis mëos fubrig hauojbs, y fub frustrogtb
hgtbrrukphr bj cudbi pirqub fojjô jo digdbgtrodhôg. Pbri tokchèg
pumb vojiror jos hgkbrshigbs qub fubrig hgtbrrukphmos y oprbgmbr
ojai pishvi mb bjjos. Mb ebdei, pricocjbkbgtb oprbgmë kïs bg bstis
hgtbgtis, pirqub kb ehzi rbbxhigor què bs ji qub eocëo sojhmi koj, y
pirquè.
Jis cudbis cubgis bstuvhbrig icvhokbgtb fogtïsdis. Jo sbgsodhôg
mb sbr dopoz mb mhsijvbr i mblor kh dubrpi, shg jo bxhstbgdho mbj bkpi,
bj dïjhmi uli, jo bgbraëo hgtbrhir qub crito, jo bxtrbko dikimhmom y
jo sbgsodhôg mb ojbarëo. Bstis cudbis kb ehdhbrig sbgr qub bstoco
bg ugo khshôg y jjbgorig kh bxhstbgdho mb ug prifugmi shaghdomi, oj
khski bkpi qub kb pripirdhigorig jo eochjhmom mb digdbgtrorkb
oj ?00% bg dubsôg mb sbaugmis. Pimrëos mbdhr qub jo rbjolodhôg, jo
digdbgtrodhôg y jo kbmhtodhôg sb fushigorig bg ug ghvbj kïs bjbvomi
bg bstos hgkbrshigbs. Rgo priarbshôg mb rbsujtomis murogtb domo
hgkbrshôg domo vbz, y jo rbarbshôg o khs hgsgtis kïs prifugmis y jis
vojirbs mb kh ojko.
Jo eochjhmom mb supbror bj mijir y digdbgtrorsb dikpjbtokbgtb bg jo
torbo qub sb bgb o jo kogi bgtrô bg pjbgi bfbdti murogtb bj Sbdirm
Kugmhoj Auhggbss pir mbcoli mbj ehbji bg Korzi 30?0. Bquhpomi
üghdokbgtb dig kh trolb mb coÿi y aiaajbs sistuvb jo rbsphrodhôg y gomè
346 phbs (13 kbtris) coli bj ehbji bg ug joai digabjomi. Oug duogmi
bj oauo mb ehbji bstoco bxtrbkomokbgtb frëo y dosh porojhzo kh dubrpi,
kogtuvb ug bstomi mb otbgdhôg dikpjbto y rbjolodhôg, tbrkhgogmi bj
cudbi dig ugo sigrhso.
Diki bg bj yiao, jo üjko fosb bg bj cudbi jhcrb bs bsphrhtuoj,
b sphrhtuoj, quhbrbs
bkbrabr dig ji qub tb rimbo, usuojkbgtb bj kor. Jo kbto gi bs, diki
pumhbro drbbrsb, trogsfirkorsb bg ug pbz i ug mbjg, siji mbsbos
vijvbrtb ug sbr eukogi dikpjbti.

Sboddhigbs bxtrbkos

Th üghdokbgtb cudbos sicrb jo supbrdhb dig sgirnbj i cudbos ug pidi


duogmi vos o gomor,
gomor, gi eoy pirquè prbiduporsb pir jos rboddhigbs mb tu
dubrpi, gi pubmbs sufrhr mbsdikprbshôg, qub bs ugo
ug o sicrb soturodhôg mb
ghtrôabgi bg tu dubrpi dousomo pir ugo tbgshôg kïs ojto mb ghtrôabgi
bg tus pujkigbs. Bs sbauri gomor ojrbmbmir y khror o jis pbdbs, pbri
rbdubrmo qub gugdo mbcbs gomor i cudbor siji.
Thg bkcorai, mbcbs mb tikor ojaugos prbdoudhigbs duogmi mbsobs

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?==


 

tus eochjhmombs mb cudbi jhcrb, pirqub duogmi sb jb sikbtb oj dubrpi


oj bxtrbki, kudeis dokchis shijôahdis pubmbg idurrhr. Th rbojhzos
küjpjbs hgkbrshigbs, bs ugo cubgo rbajo rbsphror bg jo supbrdhb trbs
vbdbs kïs mbj bkpi qub pbrkogbdhstb coli jo supbrdhb. Mb bsto
kogbro pubmbs bvhtor jo mbsdikprbshôg mb cudbi jhcrb. Th rbojhzos ugo
sbrhb mb blbrdhdhis sbauhmo, pubmbs bgfbrkortb pir jo mbsdikprbshôg. O
pbsor mb qub bsti eocëo shmi pricomi pir bj shôjiai Mogès Piuj Brhn

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?=2


 

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?=6


 

Poujbv bg jis sbsbgtos,


sbsbgtos, kudeis gi bstïg digsdhbgtbs mbj rhbsai qub
bxhstb duogmi sb proddog küjpjbs ô kuy prifugmos hgkbrshigbs.
Th sufrbs jo bgfbrkbmom mb jo mbsdikprbshôg diki cuzi jhcrb, jos
digsbdubgdhos sig jos khskos qub jos mb cudbi dig togqub. Jo tbgshôg
mb aos mb ghtrôabgi oukbgto, jjbvïgmiji
jjbvïgmiji o jo firkodhôg
firkodhôg mb pbqubÿos
curculos qub pubmbg icstodujhzor jis vosis sogauëgbis (pir blbkpji,
bg bj dbrbcri) mb toj kogbro qub bj uli mb jo sogarb sb hgehcb. Eiy bg
mëo, jis kïs arogmbs cuzis jhcrbs eog ojdogzomi prifugmhmombs migmb
bj ixëabgi (I3), bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi (DI3) y bj Ghtrôabgi (G3) pubmb
vijvbrsb
vijvbr sb vbgbgisi poro bj shstbko gbrvhisi y pubmb prividor tbkcjirbs,
porïjhshs ô dokchis kbgtojbs, o bsti sb jb digidb dijbdvokbgtb diki
gordishs.
Th hagiros jos sbÿojbs mb tu dubrpi, o jo qub yi jjoki ‚jo dokpoghto‛,
pubmbs bxpbrhkbgtor ugo sokco bg bj cudbi jhcrb. Rgo sokco idurrb
duogmi eos digtbghmi jo rbsphrodhôg pir kudei bkpi y eos jjbvomi
tu dubrpi kïs ojjï mb sus jëkhtbs, ji duoj privido digvujshigbs, kbgtb
turcomo, timi bsti mbchmi o qub sb jb eo sikbmi oj shstbko gbrvhisi
o bstor coli prbshôg y colo prbshôg mb ixëabgi. Tb jb mhi bj gikcrb mb
‚sokco‛ pirqub ojaugos vbdbs jos digvujshigbs pubmbg rbdirmortb ug
cohjorëg mb sokco sodumhègmisb y kivhègmisb.
Duogmi tb ijvhmos pir dikpjbti mb jos sbÿojbs mb tu dubrpi ô gi
rboddhigos, pir blbkpji, sh tb orrostro ugo dirrhbgtb murogtb ug cudbi
prifugmi, bs mb ojaugo kogbro diki posor ugo hgtbrsbddhôg duogmi
jos sbÿojbs mb trïdi bstïg bg rili, y pubmb tbrkhgor bg ug ‚cjodn-
iut‛,, bs mbdhr
iut‛ m bdhr pèrmhmo mbj digidhkhbgti. Gh jo sokco gh bj cjodn-iut sig
mbsbocjbs, pbri pbrkëtbkb sbÿojor qub gi bxhstb bvhmbgdho dhbgdo
qub mbkubstrb qub pubmbg dousor moÿi dbrbcroj i o duojquhbr itro
portb mbj dubrpi, gh o dirti, gh o jorai pjozi,
pjozi, pbri sbauhrbkis eocjogmi
mb bsti mbspuès.
Vojb jo pbgo eodbr gitor qub hgdjusi sh ojdogzos bj pugti mb jo
hgdigsdhbgdho, gi quhbrb mbdhr qub jb fojtb ixëabgi gh oj dbrbcri, gh oj
dubrpi. Kudeo abgtb gi bstï digsdhbgtb mb bstb pugti vhtoj, i sb jbs ijvhmo
dôki trocolo bj dubrpi. Khbgtros bj dirozôg joto, jo sogarb ixhabgomo bs
mhrhahmo oj shstbko, hgdjusi duogmi bj dirozôg jotb jbgtokbgtb, diki ji
eodb duogmi sb sisbgb jo rbsphrodhôg.

Bg digmhdhigbs bxtrbkos bj dubrpi rboddhigo bfbdvokbgtb. Murogtb bstb rbti


cusdi prifugmi o trovès mbj ehbji bg Isji ‚mbsoi bg ehbji 3008‛ bj rbbli mbj
cudbi fub pordujorkbgtb fubrtb y jo urabgdho pir rbsphror bstuvi ousbgtb pir
dikpjbti.

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?=1


 

Jo pèrmhmo mb jo digsdhbgdho bs bj kbdoghski mb mbfbgso mbj dubrpi,


kistrogmi mb èsto kogbro qub eo bstomi coli ugo bgirkb prbshôg.
Oj dogdbjorsb jo digsdhbgdho sb oeirro ixëabgi y bgbraëo y sudbmb
rbojkbgtb ogtbs mb qub ug moÿi
m oÿi rboj pubmo idurrhr.
idurrhr. Bxhstbg blbkpjis mb
pbrsigos qub sb eog oeiaomi mb 40 o =0 khgutis y eog shmi rbvhvhmis
dig kïs i kbgis ghgaüg moÿi. Pordujorkbgtb, sh bj oauo bstï mb ug
frëi digabjogtb, yo qub bsti hgtbgshdo bj rbbli mbj cudbi.

]u mbjg hgtbrhir

Jis eukogis y itris kokëfbris bgbg ugo rbspubsto oj cudbi, qub


digshstb bg ugo sbrhb mb rbblis qub sig odvomis duogmi gubstri
ristri sb bgfrëo (toj y diki duogmi ji eodb bj oauo murogtb bj cudbi) ô
duogmi sistbgbkis jo rbsphrodhôg. Bj rbbli mbj cudbi bs ug hgtbjhabgtb
hgtbjhabgtb
kbdoghski shijôahdi qub jb pbrkhtb oj dubrpi
dub rpi tijbror ug coli ghvbj mb
ixëabgi. Bsti
Bsti sb jiaro bg portb pir kbmhi mb coli rhtki bg bj jomi mbj
dirozôg y portb pirqub jis vosis sogauëgbis pbrhfèrhdis sb digstrhÿbg
bg jis crozis y phbrgos poro bgvhor sogarb o jis ôraogis vhtojbs hgtbrgis
diki bj dirozôg, y bj dbrbcri qub bs bj qub kïs rbquhbrb.
Jis dokchis bg bj dubrpi idurrbg rbjovokbgtb rïphmi, bg 40
sbaugmis. Bj rbbli bs prbvbgvi pirqub sb hghdho ogtbs mb qub bj ghvbj
mb ixëabgi sb vubjvo drëdokbgtb coli. Ombkïs, jo arog dogmom mb
sogarb qub sb odukujo bg jis vosis sogauëgbis mb jis pujkigbs odtüo
diki ugo kbmhmo mb pritbddhôg, yo qub jis uhmis, bg ipishdhôg o jis
tblhmis y eubsis, gi pubmbg sbr dikprhkhmis. Jo sogarb, bgtigdbs,
prbvhbgb qub jis pujkigbs sb dijopsbg coli jo arog prbshôg mb jo
prifugmhmom.
Itro oddhôg mb rbspubsto oj cudbi sb pubmb icsbrvor bg jis hgfogtbs
duogmi sb bgdubgtrog coli bj oauo. Jo trïqubo, pir jos dubrmos vidojbs
sb dhbrro bspigtïgbokbgtb poro prbvbghr qub bj oauo bgtrb o jis
pujkigbs. Bstb rbbli sb hghdho tog prigti diki sb bgb digtodti dig
bj oauo. Thg bkcorai, bstb mbsoporbdb duogmi bj ghÿi ojdogzo opbgos
jis sbhs kbsbs mb bmom.
Hgvbsaodhigbs rbdhbgtbs eog mbkistromi qub bj cozi digbgb
dèjujos mb sogarb rilo, tokchèg lubao ug popbj shaghdovi murogtb
bj cudbi y oj sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg. Bgsbauhmo mb ug gükbri mb
hgkbrshigbs, bj cozi sb digtrob y jhcbroro ugo arog dogmom mb dèjujos
mb sogarb rilo oj shstbko dhrdujotirhi. Jo digtroddhôg mbj cozi idurrb
kudei kïs mbspodhi qub duojquhbr itri mb jis rbblis mbj cudbi. Oj
jhcbror kïs dèjujos rilos pbrkhtb qub kïs ixëabgi sbo ojkodbgomi bg jo

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?=5


 

sogarb. Fhgojkbgtb, jo dogmom omhdhigoj mb dèjujos mb sogarb pbrkhtb


qub bj dubrpi rbdicrb su bquhjhcrhi girkoj kïs rïphmi, mbspuès mb ugo
rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo prijigaomo. Eocjogmi mb kogbro vujaor, bj cozi
odtüo diki ugo bspbdhb mb ‚turci‛, murogtb y mbspuès mb ug cudbi
jorai.
Jis kokëfbris diki jos cojjbgos y jos fidos bgbg goturojkbgtb
ug rbbli mb cudbi chbg mbsorrijjomi qub jbs pbrkhtb euraor coli jo
supbrdhb pir bxtbgsis pbrhimis mb bkpi. Bxhstbg vorhos rozigbs
mbj pirquè jo cojjbgo mb bspbrko, jos fidos y jis bjbfogtbs korhgis
sig bxdbjbgtbs rbtbgbmirbs mb jo rbsphrodhôg y pubmbg cudbor pir
kïs mb ugo eiro. Bg prhkbr juaor, bstis oghkojbs bgbg kudeo
sogarb y ugo ojto digdbgtrodhôg mb sogarb bg jos dèjujos qub otropo bj
ixëabgi bg jo jjokomo pritbëgo ebkiajichgo. ]okchèg bgbg ugo ojto
digdbgtrodhôg mb ixëabgi, qub otropo o jo kijèdujo jjokomo khiajichgo 
bg sus küsdujis. Ojaugo vbz eos vhsti dorgb mb cojjbgo i fido, y tb eos
prbaugtomi ¹pir què bs tog icsduro9 Jo rbspubsto bs jo khiajichgo.
Rgo ojto digdbgtrodhôg mb ehbrri bg jo khiajichgo dijirbo jo dorgb dofè.
Jis kokëfbris
kokëfbris qub cudbog
c udbog tokchèg sig dopodbs mb bgfrhor su dbrbcri,
ji duoj jbs oyumo murogtb cudbis prijigaomis. Vorhis bstumhis eog
mbkistromi dôki jos fidos colog jo tbkpbroturo mb su dbrbcri y mb su
dubrpi eosto 4 aromis Dbjshus, mb toj kogbro qub colo su kbtocijhski
y bj digsuki mb ixëabgi hkprbshigogtbkbgtb. Bg ipishdhôg o jis
eukogis, jos fidos pubmbg dirtor bj sukhghstri mb sogarb qub ocostbdb
oc ostbdb
jos bxtrbkhmombs y bgtigdbs mhrhahr sogarb ixhabgomo o jis pujkigbs,
dirozôg y dbrbcri.

Jo tbirëo mbj kigi oduïdi

Bs rbojkbgtb hkpodtogtb diki sb osbkblo bj eikcrb dig jis kokëfbris


korhgis pubs pisbb jis khskis rbblis y omoptodhigbs shijôahdos o jo
vhmo bg bj oauo. Gi bs gbdbsorhokbgtb ugo dihgdhmbgdho y pimrëo bxhsr
ugo bxpjhdodhôg goturoj.
Bj oauo bs kuy opbtiso poro kudeo abgtb, y o jo koyirëo mb jis
ghÿis jbs bgdogto. Mb ebdei jis hgfogtbs pubmbg gomor y itor, mbchmi
o su dopo mb aroso, su kivhkhbgti mb potomo goturoj, y su rbbli mb
cudbi hggoti, ji duoj prbvhbgb qub bj oauo bgtrb bg jis pujkigbs. Bs
rozigocjb
rozi gocjb digshmbror pirquè ugo drhoturo tbrrbstrb diki ug eikcrb bs
rbjovokbgtb
rbjovo kbgtb ug cubg gomomir,
gomomir, bspbdhojkbgtb duogmi sb gis dikporo
dig gubstris porhbgtbs kïs dbrdogis, jis arogmbs kigis.
Jo tbirëo qub kïs prbvojbdb sicrb jo bvijudhôg mbj eikcrb kimbrgi bs

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?=8


 

qub gubstris ogdbstris ogmuvhbrig bg mis potos eodb oprixhkomokbgt


oprixhkomokbgtbb
2 khjjigbs mb oÿis bg jos arogmbs socogos mbj Ïfrhdo. Bg bfbdti,
bfbdti, gubstris
crozis sb jhcbrorig poro kogblor orkos y itros ebrrokhbgtos, ougqub
bxhstbg
bxhstbg ojaugis pugtis qub sb oraukbgtog
oraukbgtog bg digtro mb jo tbirëo mb jo
socogo.
Bg ipishdhôg o jo prbvojbdhbgtb tbirëo mb jo bvijudhôg, eo bkbrahmi
ugo tbirëo ojtbrgovo. Gh ogotôkhdokbgtb, gh tokpidi shijôahdokbgtb
sb osbkblo bj eikcrb o ug phdi oghkoj tbrrbstrb. Pir blbkpji,
tbgbkis phbj mbsgumo, dig ugo arubso dopo mb aroso sucdutïgbo bg
vbz mb pbji. Bj pbji i jos pjukos privbbg mb ug kblir ohsjokhbgti bg
bj ohrb, khbgtros qub jo aroso bs kïs bfbdvo bg bj oauo. Rg dubrpi
jorai y dijukgo vbrtbcroj, ugo docbzo arogmb y ug posi qub gi porbdb
goturoj suahbrb ug arupi mb oghkoj dikpjbtokbgtb mhfbrbgtb, jjokomi
kokëfbri korhgi. Pir supubsti qub jis eukogis gi mbsdbgmbkis mb
jis mbjgbs i mb jos fidos, pbri kudeos dorodtbrësdos bg diküg gis
eog jjbvomi o jo tbirëo mbj kigi oduïdi. Mb odubrmi o bsto tbirëo,
qub sb jb eo omlumhdomi oj ziôjiai Tr. Ojhstbr Eormy y bg pordujor o jo
outiro Bjohgb Kiraog,
Kiraog, mb qub bj eikcrb kimbrgi bvijudhigô o ji jorai
mb jo disto mbj bstb mb Ïfrhdo. Bstb kbmhi okchbgtb distbri pbrkhô bj
mbsorrijji mb dorodtbrësdos vbgtolisos mbgtri y dbrdo mbj oauo. Bstis
prhkbris eukogis bvijudhigorig bg dokhgor bg mis potos, pirqub
bjjis euraocog bg oauos colos poro pbsdor ojkblos y itris primudtis
ojhkbgdhis, mbsorrijjorig su rbspubsto mb rbbli oj cudbi cudbogmi
poro pbsdor. Bsto gubvo fubgtb mb ojhkbgtis bro rhdo bg ikbao4 ïdhmis
arosis qub sig dikpigbgtbs prhgdhpojbs mbj odbhtb mb pbsdomi, ji qub
jjbvo oj mbsorrijji mb ug dbrbcri kïs arogmb bg ug pbrhimi mb bkpi
rbjovokbgtb crbvb. Eiy bg mëo jo dhbgdho gis kubstro qub jis ïdhmis
arosis pijh soturomis sig hkpirtogtbs poro bj mbsorrijji mb ug dbrbcri
sogi y ug shstbko gbrvhisi fugdhigoj. Jo eochjhmom mb digtrijor jo
rbsphrodhôg eocrëo shmi bsbgdhoj murogtb jos hgkbrshigbs y dikchgomi
dig ug dbrbcri dikpjbli jo drbodhôg mb ugo jbgauo ovogzomo pimrëo
eocbr jjbaomi. Rg jbgauolb dikpjbli shkhjor bxhstb bg mbjgbs y
cojjbgos, jos duojbs sb digshmbrog oghkojbs kuy hgtbjhabgtbs. Mb ebdei,
bj jbgauolb bs tog dikpjbli qub bj eikcrb gi bgb hmbo mb qub eocjog
bstis oghkojbs. Eb tbghmi bj pjodbr mb odikpoÿor o ug arog arupi mb
cojjbgos osbshgos girubaos murogtb ugo dodbrëo bg arupi oj girtb mbj
dërduji pijor y mbsmb ug ïgauji dbrdogi pumb sbr tbsai mb ug rbpbrtirhi
mb sighmis bxtrbkomokbgtb vorhomi qub hgdjuëo djhds, shjchmis y sighmis
qub hcog mbsmb ug tigi prifugmi eosto ugo ojto hgtbgshmom.
Gi pimbkis bstor sbauris bxodtokbgtb mb dôki bvijudhigô bj eikcrb
oprixhkomokbgtb eodb 2 khjjigbs mb oÿis, pbri bs ug pbgsokhbgti

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?20


 

hgtbrbsogtb y fosdhgogtb mb qub pumi eocbr


hgtbrbsogtb e ocbr shmi jo eochjhmom mb digtrijor
jo rbsphrodhôg jo qub drbô gubstro ovogzomo dikughdodhôg jhgaúësdo y
pir bgmb jo bvijudhôg sidhoj mbj eikcrb.

SBTPHSODHÔG TIT]BGHMO ?2?


 

Blbrdhdhis

Eos yo oprbgmhmi o digtrijor tu dubrpi y kbgtb, pir kbmhi mb jis


blbrdhdhis mb rbjolodhôg y digdbgtrodhôg. ]okchèg tb eos vubjti kïs
digsdhbgtb mb jo rbsphrodhôg y pir digshauhbgtb eos aogomi ug kblir
digtrij mb bjjo. Dig bstos eochjhmombs bstos jhsti poro bxpjiror jo dhbgdho
mb jo rbsphrodhôg,
rbsphrodhôg, bj progoyoko.
progoyoko.

Bj progoyoko bg jo prïddo

Bgaogdeèkigis oeiro prifugmokbgtb bg bj progoyoko y jos tèdghdos


bspbdëdos mb rbsphrodhôg qub bstos pir oprbgmbr, y qub tb dopodhtorog
poro bkpbzor dig jis blbrdhdhis, jis duojbs eorïg mb  ug vbrmombri
kobstri mbj gicjb ortb mb jo rbsphrodhôg y mb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg.
Diki sb mbsdrhchô prbvhokbgtb, bj progoyoko djïshdi digshstb mb
trbs portbs, hgeojodhôg, bxeojodhôg, y jo pouso hgtbrpubsto ( nukceono).
Duogmi sisbgbs jo rbsphrodhôg dig jis pujkigbs jjbgis mb ohrb sb
mbgito bj ogtoro nukceono, y duogmi jo rbsphrodhôg sb sisbgb dig jis
pujkigbs vodëis sb jjoko coeyo nukceono. Bj ortb mbj progoyoko bs
digtrijor jos trbs fosbs mb jo rbsphrodhôg, bspbdhojkbgtb jo bxeojodhôg y
sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg.
rbsphrodhôg.
Duogmi dikhbgdbs bj progoyoko gi sistbgaos jo rbsphrodhôg, sh gi
qub jjbvo tus hgeojodhigbs y bxeojodhigbs bg hauojbs pripirdhigbs mb
jigahtum (bg pripirdhôg ?<?). Duogmi digtrijbs tu rbsphrodhôg oj pugti
bg bj qub uyb orkôghdokbgtb pubmbs bxpogmhr jo bxeojodhôg poro
micjor bj bkpi mb jo hgeojodhôg (bg pripirdhôg ?<3). Pimrëo tikortb
ugo sbkogo oprbgmbr bsti, ¡toj vbz hgdjusi ug kbs! Pir digshauhbgtb,
pubmbs bkpbzor o sistbgbr tu rbsphrodhôg bgtrb jo hgeojodhôg y jo
bxeojodhôg (bg pripirdhôg ?<?<?). Duogmi eoyos jiaromi bsti. Jo
pripirdhôg pubmb vorhor bg ug gükbri mb firkos, pbri ugo pripirdhôg
kuy dikügkbgtb opjhdomo bs ?<=<3, pir blbkpji hgeojor ?0 sbaugmis,
sistbgbr tu rbsphrodhôg =0 sbaugmis, y bxeojor bg 30 sbaugmis. Bg bstb
blbkpji ug dhdji muro ? khguti y ?0 sbaugmis.

BLBSDHDHIT ?22
 

Domo blbrdhdhi bgb kudeos vorhodhigbs, pbri bxokhgorè üghdokbgtb


jos kïs shkpjbs b hkpirtogtbs oquë. Bs ugo rbajo fugmokbgtoj gi
rbojhzor rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo oj prhgdhphi. Bgtigdbs, gi eoy pouso bgtrb
jo hgeojodhôg y jo bxeojodhôg bxdbpti pir jo pouso goturoj qub idurrb
duogmi jo rbsphrodhôg dokcho mb mhrbddhôg. Kïs oüg, bs bsbgdhoj qub
èstb dokchi mb mhrbddhôg sbo rbojhzomi tog mbjhdomokbgtb diki sbo
pishcjb. Hkoahgo ugo suovb durvo qub sb kubvb mb orrhco ocoli bg
firko mb igmo. Duogmi ojdogzos bj ‚tipb‛ mb tu hgeojodhôg, tôkotb tu
bkpi y eoz ugo jhabro pouso. Jubai pridbmb dig jo bxeojodhôg mb jo
khsko kogbro dojkomo, rbsphro porbdhmi duogmi ojdogdbs ‚bj figmi mb
tu bxeojodhôg‛.
Bsti pimrëo porbdbr cogoj, pbri bg kh bxpbrhbgdho drbi
d rbi qub bsto durvo
bs jo diso kïs hkpirtogtb mb bgtbgmbr (y digtrijor) poro drbor ug uli
mb rbsphrodhôg pbrfbdti y orkighisi. Th tu durvo mb rbsphrodhôg sbkblo
kigtoÿos dig phdis, mbghvokbgtb bstïs eodhbgmi ojai koj, troto
mb mhculor tu durvo mb rbsphrodhôg i pëmbjb o ug okhai qub mhculb jo
durvo poro , mb prbfbrbgdho duogmi gi bstos ojbrto bg bjji pirqub tu
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg dokchorï bg duogmi bkphbdbs o pbgsor
pbg sor bg bjjo.
Progoyoko hgdjuyb ugo sbrhb mb blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg qub bgb
mhfbrbgtbs
mhfbrbg tbs bfbdtis bg jo kbgtb y bj
b j dubrpi. Prhgdhpojkbgtb jis blbrdhdhis
sb rbojhzog khbgtros bstïs sbgtomi, sb rbdikhbgmo jo Pisturo mbj jiti.
Kudeo abgtb kimbrgo prbsbgto kudeo mhdujtom poro ictbgbr bsto
pisturo pirqub sus phbrgos bstïg kuy rëahmos, pbri dig ojaugis kbsbs
mb prïddos pimrïs ictbgbr jo pishdhôg. Sbdubrmo qub jo pisturo gugdo
mbcb mb jjbaor o sbr mijiriso y prbsto pordujor otbgdhôg o tus rimhjjos.

Pisturo mb phbrgos druzomos Pisturo mb mhokogtb

BLBSDHDHIT ?26
 

Pisturo mb kbmhi jiti Pisturo mb jiti

Duogmi proddoco jo Pisturo mbj jiti, yi oj prhgdhphi kb sbgtoco bg jo


pishdhôg tog siji ugis duogtis sbaugmis y fuh hgdrbkbgtogmi mbspuès
ojaugis khgutis. Duogmi jos phbrgos bstïg dig dogmomi bg jo Pisturo
mbj jiti  jo dirrhbgtb mb sogarb sb hgehcb o toj aromi qub tus phbs sb
bgtukhrïg i pimrëo sbgr ug disquhjjbi. Oj prhgdhphi tus phbrgos sb pigbg
ozujisos, mbspuès arhsïdbos y korkijomos, pbri oj bkpi tus phbrgos y
tu shstbko dhrdujotirhi sb omoptorïg o jo pisturo y pimrïs pbrkogbdbr
bg jo pishdhôg shg bsfubrzi pir jorai bkpi. Duogmi quhbros sojhr mb jo
pisturo, kuèvbtb jbgtokbgtb y dig digtrij. Dig frbdubgdho pimrëo sbr
kuy mhdhj bsror tus phbrgos
p hbrgos dikpjbtokbgtb, y sbrëo hkpishcjb porortb
mb hgkbmhoti. Frito tus phbrgos dig tus kogis y mojbs ug khguti mb
mbsdogsi.
Itros bxdbjbgtbs pisturos y mb ojaugo kogbro kïs fïdhj mb rbojzor
sig, Jiti  y Kbmhi jiti. Th gi pubmbs kogblor ghgaugo mb bjjos, sbrï
sudhbgtb sbgtortb bg jo Pisturo mb phbrgos druzomos i sbgtortb bg jo
portb frigtoj mb ojaugo shjjo. Tiji rbdubrmo kogtbgbr jo bspojmo rbdto,
bj pbdei ochbrti y bj ocmikbg rbjolomi. Bs prbfbrhcjb, shg bkcorai,
omiptor ugo pisturo opriphomo mb yiao yo qub bsti prbshigorï pugtis
djovb (deodros), tojbs diki jo rbahôg abghtoj ji duoj oyumorï o rbaujor bj
progo. Ombkïs, jo dogmom mb sogarb bg tus phbrgos sbrï rbmudhmo y bj
bxdbmbgtb mb sogarb pimrï bgtigdbs sbr mhrhahmi oj dirozôg, pujkigbs
y dbrbcri.
Duogmi tb shbgtos bg jo Pisturo mb phbrgos druzomos, bgbs ug okpjhi
digtodti dig jo supbrdhb mbj subji y bsi pbrkhtb tbgbr koyir bquhjhcrhi
bg bj dubrpi. Fhgojkbgtb, sbgtorsb
sbgtorsb dig dogmomis bg bj subji privbb ojai

BLBSDHDHIT ?21
 

mb sbaurhmom bspbdhojkbgtb duogmi rbojhzos blbrdhdhis ovogzomis dig


jis qub bj dubrpi pubmb
pubm b bstrbkbdbrsb.
Ojaugis prhgdhphis shkpjbs odigsblocjbs mb sbauhr, qub bxhstbg bg bj
progoyoko sig<

?) Sbsphror tog trogquhjo y orkighisokbgtb diki sbo pishcjb.


3) Thbkprb hgeojor o trovès mb jo gorhz y eodbr ugo jhabro prbshôg
prbshôg bg bj
ocmikbg.
4) Kogtèg tus ilis dbrromis y bsdudeo tu rbsphrodhôg.
rbsphrodhôg.
=) Kogtèg tu dubrpi bg ugo pishdhôg goturoj.
2) Sbjolo jis küsdujis qub gi bstïg bg usi (jo doro, bj dubjji y jis
eikcris).
6) Fëlotb qub eoyo ohrb frbsdi y ugo tbkpbroturo
tbkpbroturo opriphomo bg jo
eochtodhôg.
1) Proddo bg bj khski juaor y o jo khsko eiro domo mëo y vhstb ripo
eijaomo.
5) Sbdubrmo ji mb jo sigrhso hgtbrhir (sh bs pishcjb tokchèg bxtbrhir).
8) Proddo duogmi eoyog posomi mb trbs o sbhs eiros mbspuès mb jo
dikhmo prhgdhpoj.
?0) Gugdo tb bxdbmos mb tu dopodhmom goturoj.

Progoyoko pubmb sbr cbgèdi poro timis, pbri bs hkpirtogtb qub gi


odtübs prbkoturokbgtb. Sbdubrmo qub bj progoyoko bs ugo mhsdhpjhgo
digshmbrocjbkbgtb mbjhdomo. Pir digshauhbgtb, priarbso jbgto y
shstbkïdokbgtb
shstbkï dokbgtb pirqub ofbdtor tus pujkigbs, bj shstbko rbsphrotirhi
rbsphrotirhi
y bj shstbko gbrvhisi bs ug osugti sbrhi.
Gi bspbrbs o bstor bg cubgo firko i tbgbr ugo sojum hgqubcrogtocjb
i rbsphror mb dhbrto kogbro pir siji mis khgutis oj mëo. Tb gbdbshto
kïs, pbri pir itro portb sh eodbs bj bsfubrzi, bxpbrhkbgtorïs dokchis
pishvis. Pimrëos bxpbrhkbgtor ojaugis dokchis pishvis mb hgkbmhoti,
hgkbmhoti,
pbri pbrkhtb qub posb ug pbrhimi mb ? o 4 kbsbs ogtbs mb qub jis
dokchis jjbaubg o sbr pbrkogbgtbs. Proddor mb 2 o ?0 khgutis bs ug
kuy cubg dikhbgzi, y jos trbs kïs hkpirtogtbs digmhdhigbs qub eoy
qub kogtbgbr bg kbgtb sbrhog< bkpi, podhbgdho y mbtbrkhgodhôg.
Diki tog odbrtomokbgtb kb mhli kh okhai Rkbse< ‚jbgtokbgtb bs
kblir‛.

Progoyoko trogquhjhzogtb

Digshmbrbkis mis blbrdhdhis qub bgbg ug bfbdti trogquhjhzogtb poro

BLBSDHDHIT ?25
 

bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb, pirqub hguybg bg jo portb poroshkpïdo mbj


shstbko gbrvhisi (mbsdogsor y mhabrhr). Jo abgtb qub sufrb prbshôg
ortbrhoj, bphjbpsho, osko, mijirbs mb docbzo, prhvodhôg mbj subÿi, bstrès
ô mbprbshôg pubmb cbgbdhorsb mb bjjis.

SBTPHSODHÔG VHD]ISHITO (RLLOXH)


Rlloyh   shaghdo
shaghdo rbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso jo duoj sb rbbrb o jo digquhsto mb
jo rbsphrodhôg shg mbsdogsi y mbj bstrès. Dig frbdubgdho sb jb jjoko ‚jo
rbsphrodhôg psëquhdo‛, pir bj bgirkb hkpodti qub bgb bg tu digmhdhôg
kbgtoj. Jo pojocro tokchèg pimrëo shaghdor ‚aubrrbri‛,
‚aubrrbri‛, bg bsto digbxhôg
sb rbbrb oj pbdei mb ug fubrtb y iraujjisi aubrrbri bg bxpogshôg.
Bg sbgmi auromi jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso pubmb bgtbgmbrsb diki
digquhstor tus mbkighis hgtbrhirbs< jo ilbro, kojis eïchtis, khbmi,
btd. Jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso bs portb fugmokbgtoj mb timi blbrdhdhi mb
progoyoko
progoy oko ovogzomi, y bg kh iphghôg jo kïs hkpirtogtb mb timos.
Bstb blbrdhdhi bs bxtrbkomokbgtb shkpjb< Duogmi hgeojos digstrhÿb
tu aoraogto
aoraogto ug pidi poro
p oro primudhr ug sighmi diki mb shjchmi. Drbi qub
pubmbs mbsdrhchr bj sighmi ug pidi ‚sbdi‛ — dosh diki ug susurri. Th
eodbs ‚gaa‛ duogmi hgeojos, bstiy dikpjbtokbgtb sbauri mb qub vos
pir bj cubg dokhgi. Bj sighmi bgtbri bs ojai diki ‚gaabbbbbbbbbe‛.
]roto mb mbtbgbrtb bg jo rbsphrodhôg vorhos vbdbs, murogtb jo khsko
rbsphrodhô, eoz ‚gaa‛, ‚gaa‛, ‚gaa‛, jubai, kuy prigti bkpbzorïs o
sbgr què portb mb jo aoraogto sb kubvb. Sbdubrmo kogtbgbr bj rbsti
mb tu docbzo dikpjbtokbgtb
dikpjbtokbgtb rbjolomo. Duogmi bxeojbs, pimrïs primudhr
bj sighmi ‚ubb‛. Bj sighmi dikpjbti bs ‚ubb —eeeee‛. Duogmi oprbgmos
o digtrijor dôki y duïgmi digstrbÿhr jo aoraogto,
aoraogto, pimrïs mblor bj ‚gaa‛
‚ga a‛
y bj ‚ubb‛, tog siji mblo bj sighmi ‚bbbbeee‛ murogtb jo hgeojodhôg y
‚eeeeeeeeebbb‛ murogtb jo bxeojodhôg.
Bj sighmi qub bsdudeos bs ugo vbrshôg okpjhdomo mbj sighmi goturoj
qub idurrb duogmi rbsphros. Mb odubrmi dig jos ogauos bsdrhturos, bstb
sighmi bs ugo bspbdhb mb irodhôg rbpbmo — ug kogtro qub subgo diki
‚sieok‛.. Jo djovb poro jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso bs jo jhabro digstrhddhôg
‚sieok‛
mb jo aoraogto, pubmbs mbtbrkhgor jo dogmom mb ohrb qub bgtro (i
bxhstb) y su vbjidhmom. Bs jo jjovb poro tu rbsphrodhôg pbrfbdto, ghgaüg
itri blbrdhdhi bs mb ghvbj kïs ojti, kïs fubrtb i kïs bfbdvi qub jo
Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso. Ji pubmbs rbojhzor bg duojquhbr jomi, duogmi
bstïs poromi, dokhgogmi, rbdistomi, dirrhbgmi i gomogmi. Oportb mb
timi bj bfbdti dojkogtb, jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso bs tokchèg üj poro
jos pbrsigos qub sufrbg mb bstrès, mbprbshôg y osko. Jo Sbsphrodhôg

BLBSDHDHIT ?28
 

vhdtirhiso sb opjhdo o timos jos osogos y bs ug fugmokbgti bjbkbgtoj mb


kudeis mb jis itris blbrdhdhis mb progoyoko.
progoyoko.

SBTPHSODHÔG OJ]BSGOMO MB GOSHGOT (GOMH TEIMOG)


Gomh seimog shaghdo purhdodhôg mb vëos, bs ug blbrdhdhi qub sb uso

poro jhkphor
mb gorhgos jis dogojbs
, hgeojos mb bgbraëo
o trovès (gomhs).y Bg
mb ugo gorhgo jo Sbsphrodhôg
bxeojos o trovès mbojtbrgomo
jo itro,
poro pbrkhr qub bj ohrb uyo mbgtri y fubro bg firko mb V hgvbrmo.
Sbdubrmo qub jo jugo frëo uyb pir jo gorhgo hzquhbrmo (hmo), y bj dïjhmi
sij uyb pir jo gorhgo mbrbdeo (phgaojo). Bj pripôshti bs drbor ug cojogdb
bgtrb tu rbsphrodhôg y pir ji togti bg tu digmhdhôg kbgtoj.
Thègtotb bg ugo pisturo digfirtocjb y dijido tu kogi mbrbdeo
bgfrbgtb mb . Micjo tu ëgmhdb y mbmi kbmhi eodho jo pojko m mbb tu kogi.
Kubvb tu kogi eodho orrhco mbcoli mb tu gorhz. Oeiro tu pujaor pubmb
dbrror jo gorhgo mbrbdeo y tu tbrdbr mbmi, opiyomi bg bj kbÿhqub pubmb
dbrror jo gorhgo hzquhbrmo. ]bg duhmomi mb gi tidor jo phbj dig tus uÿos,
tog siji dig jos ybkos mb jis mbmis. Ojtbrgogmi, mblo qub jo kogi sb
qubmb ochbrto y dijido tu ëgmhdb y mbmi kbmhi bgtrb tus dblos. Bsti jbs
morï ug cubg sipirtb, ji duoj drbo ugo mhstogdho opriphomo poro jis
mbmis qub sb bgdoraorïg mb bstor dbrrogmi jos gorhgos. Pir fovir tbg
duhmomi mb gi bstor drbogmi tbgshôg bg tus eikcris ô bg duojquhbr itro
portb mb tu dubrpi. Thbkprb uso jo kogi mbrbdeo, hgdjusi sh brbs zurmi.
Sbojhzo bj blbrdhdhi osë< Bxeojo o trovès mb jos mis gorhgos. Dhbrro jo
gorhgo mbrbdeo b hgeojo o trovès mb jo hzquhbrmo. Ocrb jo gorhgo mbrbdeo
y dhbrro jo hzquhbrmo khbgtros qub bxeojos o trovès
trovès mb jo gorhgo mbrbdeo.
Kogtèg jo gorhgo hzquhbrmo dbrromo b hgeojo o trovès mb jo gorhgo mbrbdeo.
Ocrb jo gorhgo hzquhbrmo, dhbrro jo mbrbdeo y bxeojo o trovès mb jo gorhgo
hzquhbrmo. Bsti digstuyb ug dhdji. Prigti sbgrïs bj uli mb ohrb qub
firko ugo arog V eodho orrhco
Thègtbtb jhcrb mb dikchgor bstb blbrdhdhi dig jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso.
]hbgb pir iclbti primudhr ugo hgeojodhôg y ugo bxeojodhôg jos duojbs
sig hauojkbgtb joraos. Th dhbrros tus ilis, bs kïs fïdhj sbgr què poso
dig tu dubrpi. ]roto mb mhrhahr bj ohrb tog ojti diki sbo pishcjb mbgtri
mb tu gorhz y sbgrji. ]okchèg pubmbs vhsuojhzor diki uyb bj ohrb, pir
blbkpji, diki ugo igmo suovb y miromo qub uyb. Th quhbrbs socbr
dôki sb vb tu rbsphrodhôg, dijido ug bspbli mbcoli mb tus gorhgos y
bxeojo. Bgtigdbs pimrïs sbr dopos mb vbr diki uyb bj ohrb> sh tb poros
bg frbgtb mb ug bspbli arogmb y dijidos ug pbqubÿi bspbli mbcoli mb
tu gorhz, bj uli sbrï kudei kïs vhshcjb, bspbdhojkbgtb sh sipjos muri.

BLBSDHDHIT ?60
 

Tb vbrï diki jos igmos mb dojir bg bj osfojti bg ug mëo dojurisi mb


vbrogi,, y porbdbrï diki duogmi bgdhbgmbs ug pbqubÿi fubai. Rjhzo bj
vbrogi
ulloyh! Progoyoko mb jo tocjo shauhbgtb (rbsphro pir jos mis gorhgos dig
ugo pbqubÿo digstrhddhôg bg jo aoraogto)
aoraogto) ô uso jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg ojtbrgomo
mb gorhgos (ojtbrgogmi dig bj dhbrrb mb jo mbrbdeo y jo hzquhbrmo) dig i
shg Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso.
Jis sbaugmis qub sb hgmhdog bg bj mhoaroko sig mb digsujto, pubmbg
sbr kïs jorais ô dirtis mb murodhôg i sbr hgtbrdokchomis, pir blbkpji,
dig bj gükbri mb jomis mbj dirozôg. Bs kïs hkpirtogtb jo pripirdhôg
mb jo hgeojodhôg< sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg< bxeojodhôg< sistbgbr jo
rbsphrodhôg,
rbsphrodhôg, ji qub sb mbcb mb sbauhr bg jo tocjo.
Mbchmi o qub jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo dig jis pujkigbs jjbgis
(ogtoro nukceono) y pordujorkbgtb dig jis pujkigbs vodëis (coeyo
nukceono) bs portb mbj blbrdhdhi, bs hkpirtogtb hr priarbsogmi dig
duhmomi y podhbgtbkbgtb, bj kikbgti poro posor oj shauhbgtb ghvbj
pubmb vorhor mb pbrsigo o pbrsigo. Pimrëos ovogzor o trovès mb jis
prhkbris ghvbjbs bg dubsôg mb mëos. Thg bkcorai,
bkcorai, rbqubrhrï kbsbs poro
ojdogzor bstb ghvbj.
Domo ghvbj sb rbojhzo dig ug këghki mb ?0 vbdbs bg ugo sbrhb y
prbfbrbgtbkbgtb mhorhi. Sbdubrmo qub gi mbcbs mb qubmortb dirti bg
jo rbsphrodhôg ô sôji lojor jo rbsphrodhôg, bsti bs ug hgmhdomir mb qub eos
pridbmhmi kuy rïphmokbgtb.

Progoyoko
Hgeojodhôg Tistbgbr Bxeojodhôg Tistbgbr Pripirdhôg
(pujkigbs (Pujkigbs
jjbgis) vodhis)
?.
Tbkogo/ = sbaugmis   ------- 5 sbaugmis   ------- ?<0<3<0
Kbs
3.
Tbkogo/ = sbaugmis = sbaugmis 5 sbaugmis   ------- ?<?<3<0
Kbs
4.
Tbkogo/ = sbaugmis = sbaugmis 5 sbaugmis = sbaugmis ?<?<3<?
Kbs
=.
Tbkogo/ = sbaugmis 5 sbaugmis 5 sbaugmis = sbaugmis ?<3<3<?
Kbs
2.
Tbkogo/ = sbaugmis 5 sbaugmis 5 sbaugmis 5 sbaugmis ?<3<3<3
Kbs

BLBSDHDHIT ?6?
 

Progoyoko rbvhtojhzogtb

Bj progoyoko gi digshstb üghdokbgtb mb rbsphrodhigbs jbgtos y


prifugmos qub bgbg pir iclbti trogquhjhzor timi. Vorhis mb jis
blbrdhdhis sig rbjovokbgtb hgtbgsis y rbfrbsdogtbs, pirqub bskujog
jo portb mbj shstbko gbrvhisi shkpïdi, qub eodb qub sb hgdrbkbgtb
jo frbdubgdho dormhodo. Pir digshauhbgtb, jos pbrsigos qub sufrbg mb
prbshôg ortbrhoj, dirozôg mèchj, bphjbpsho ô fugdhigbs rbmudhmos mbj
eëaomi bgbg qub sbr kuy duhmomisos duogmi rbojhdbg bbstis stis blbrdhdhis,
ô rbojhzorjis rbjovokbgtb bg dojko. Jis blbrdhdhis bgbg ug bfbdti mb
jhkphbzo bg jo sogarb y mbsorrijjog jis pujkigbs, bj dirozôg
dirozôg y bj shstbko
dhrdujotirhi, pordujorkbgtb, bj mhofroako. ¡Hgdjusi kblir qub gomor
mhstogdho ô ug korotôg! ]okchèg jhkphog jo gorhz y jis sbgis gosojbs,
pir ji togti, sig bxdbjbgtbs poro jo prbvbgdhôg mb jis rbsfrhomis, y itros
bgfbrkbmombs sbrhos. Ombkïs, digstuybg ugo firkhmocjb ojtbrgovo
poro qub sb jhkphb jo gorhz (gb) ji duoj sb rbdikhbgmo eodbr ogtbs mb
domo sbshôg mb bgtrbgokhbgti. Ojai qub rbsojto, bs qub jis blbrdhdhis
sig ugo bspbdhb mb kosolb poro bj dbrbcri, dig rïphmos rbsphrodhigbs
qub eodbg qub bj dbrbcri sb cojogdbb suovbkbgtb diki fritïgmiji,
mbchmi o qub jo prbshôg sogauëgbo dokcho digstogtbkbgtb. Sbsphror
kïs rïphmi mb ji usuoj, bgvëo bxdbsi mb ixëabgi oj dubrpi y oj dbrbcri.
Bstis blbrdhdhis mb progoyoko sig kuy cubgis poro vhtojhzorsb.
Mis mb jis blbrdhdhis qub eog prbvojbdhmi y qub sb rbojhzog bg pisturos
mb yiao qub sig sbgtomi(o), sb mbsdrhcbg diki shaub<

PRSHFHDODHÔG MBJ DBSBCSI (NOPOJOCEO]H)


Nopojo quhbrb mbdhr tozôg, digdeo i drïgbi y crhjji  ceo . Bgtigdbs,
Nopojoceo  tb
 tb eodb tbgbr jo kbgtb crhjjogtb y kuy djoro.
Thègtotb bg bj subji dig tus kogis o ji jorai mb jis jomis y vodëo tus
pujkigbs kïs mb ji usuoj. Oeiro ocsircb togti ohrb bg tus pujkigbs
diki sbo pishcjb, bs mbdhr ugo hgeojodhôg jorao y prifugmo. Tipjo bj ohrb
fubro mb tus pujkigbs bg ug siji sipji rïphmi, usogmi tu ‚bstôkoai‛,
diki duogmi tb subgos jo gorhz, sôji qub kïs rïphmi. Jhcbro jo tbgshôg
bg tus küsdujis ocmikhgojbs y bj mhofroako y pbrkhtb qub bj ohrb uyo
poshvokbgtb. Osbaürotb mb qub bj bstôkoai sb kubvo eodho ombgtri y
eodho orrhco gi eodho fubro, oj bxeojor. Bstb pugti bs vhtoj y bs ug brrir
kuy diküg bg prhgdhphogtbs.
Dikhbgzo dig rbpbdhigbs mb ?0-?2, dig ug pidi mb prïddo prigti
pimrïs vijvbrtb sudhbgtbkbgtb fubrtb poro eodbr kïs. Duogmi jiarbs

BLBSDHDHIT ?63
 

eodbr mb 60 o ?30 rbpbdhigbs pir khguti, eocrïs ojdogzomi ugo


dopodhmom sosfodtirho, pbri tb pubmb tikor kbsbs i hgdjusi oÿis.
Pubmbs proddor jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso  murogtb bstb blbrdhdhi, pbri
bgb qub sbr bxtrbkomokbgtb mèchj. Sbdubrmo qub bj pbdei mbcb
pbrkogbdbr poshvi murogtb bstb blbrdhdhi< siji uso jis küsdujis
ocmikhgojbs y bj mhofroako. Bstb blbrdhdhi trocolo mb kogbro ipubsto
o tu rbsphrodhôg usuoj, pirqub jo hgeojodhôg bs poshvo y jo bxeojodhôg bs
odvo. Bj blbrdhdhi firtojbdb
firtojbdb jos fugdhigbs mbj dbrbcri,
dbrbcri, jo kbkirho y jo
vijugtom.

SBTPHSODHÔG DIG CSOKHMI (CEOT]SHNO)


Ceostrhno shaghdo ‚crokhmi‛ y bs mb kudeos kogbros shkhjor oj blbrdhdhi
mb purhdodhôg mbj dbrbcri. Thg bkcorai, bj blbrdhdhi bs oüg kïs
pimbrisi> bj ohrb bs drbomi pir jis küsdujis ocmikhgojbs, bj mhofroako
y jis küsdujis mbj pbdei. Bj bstôkoai, jis hgtbsgis, jis ôraogis
vhsdbrojbs y bspbdhojkbgtb jis pujkigbs sb jhkphog y sb firtojbdbg.

Vodëo
eoz ugotus fubrtb
pujkigbs khbgtros hgeojodhôg
y prifugmo rbojhzos jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso
(shg Sbsphrodhôg , jubai
vhdtirhiso ).
Rjhzo tu mhofroako duogmi bxeojbs, eozji rïphmokbgtb y dig fubrzo,
osbaurïgmitb mb qub tu bstôkoai sb oprhbtb eodho ombgtri y gi eodho
fubro. Diki sb kbgdhigô ogtbrhirkbgtb,
ogtbrhirkbgtb, bsti bs mb suko hkpirtogdho.
Jo hgeojodhôg osë diki jo bxeojodhôg mbcbg mb sbr odvos b hauojkbgtb
pimbrisos. Dikhbgzo dig mb ?0 o ?2 rbsphrodhigbs. Jo kbto goj sbrëo 60
rbsphrodhigbs pir khguti. Poro eodbr jo rbsphrodhôg timovëo kïs firzomo,
pubmbs usor tus crozis y tus kogis. Bsro tus crozis pir orrhco mb tu
docbzo, y kuèvbjis rïphmi eodho ocoli khbgtros qub micjos tus dimis
murogtb jo bxeojodhôg, oprbtogmi jis puÿis oj khski bkpi. Duogmi

hgeojbs rbarbso
y ocrb tus tus Tbgrïs
kogis. crozis rïphmokbgtb o jo pishdhôg
kuy fïdhjkbgtb bj bfbdtimbbgbsrokhbgti
tus crozis,
bxodtokbgtb diki sh fubsbs ug crokhmi vhvhbgtb. Bstb blbrdhdhi bs ugo
pimbriso ehpbrvbgjodhôg diki jo Purhdodhôg mbj dbrbcri, bg jo duoj
bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi sb rbmudb bg bj dubrpi pir mbcoli mb jo girko.
]bg duhmomi mb gi pridbmbr kuy mb prhso, yo qub pubmb idoshigor
korbis b hgdjusi eosto mbskoyis. Thg bkcorai, gi bs pbjharisi y prigti
‚mbspbrtorëos‛, dig frbdubgdho dig ugo sbgsodhôg mb disquhjjbi bg bj
dubrpi, jo duoj gi bs hgdôkimo.

BLBSDHDHIT ?64
 

Sbsphrodhôg pimbriso
 

Ipkhzo tu mbsbkpbÿi
otjèdi

Jo rbsphrodhôg mbj mbpirtb

Bspbri qub yo tbgaos ugo hmbo mb


m b jis bfbdtis pishvis mb ugo rbsphrodhôg
digtrijomo y ug dubrpi rbjolomi. Duogmi rbsphros bdhbgtbkbgtb, tu
dubrpi sb jhkpho mb timos jos hkpurbzos, tus pujkigbs sb firtojbdbg
y tu shstbko gbrvhisi sb orkighzo. ]u pbgsokhbgti sb dojko, ji duoj
pbrkhtb qub colb bj ghvbj mb bstrès, qub mhskhguyo tu pujsi y omquhbros
kïs bgbraëo. Pubmbs eodbr bsti bg tu vhmo mhorho, togti bg doso, diki
bg bj trocoli.

‚Oqubjjis qub rbsphrog o jo khtom, vhvbg jo khtom.‛


ODEOSXO KHJHGM NRKOS CEOSMQOX

Oeiro qub eos omquhrhmi bj digidhkhbgti mb jo dikpishdhôg y


fugdhigokhbgti mb jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg y eos hgtbgtomi
hgtbgtomi eodbr jis blbrdhdhis
blbrdhdhis
mb jo prhkbro rbsphrodhôg y jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo, sb bgdubgtrog
icvhis dokpis bg jis duojbs pubmbs bkpbzor o digvbrr jo tbirëo bg
prïddo. Rgi mb bstis dokpis bs bj mbpirtb, yo sbo qub prodqubs
mbpirtb idoshigojkbgtb
idoshigojkbgtb ô sbos ug mbpirsto mb bjhtb, jos ttèdghdos
èdghdos mbj
yiao y mbj cudbi-jhcrb bstïg digbdtomos poro kbliror tus rbsujtomis.
Ombkïs eorïg qub tu bgtrbgokhbgti sbo kïs bkidhigogtb, mbsoogtb
y vorhomi.
Jo rbsphrodhôg bs ugo portb hgtbaroj mb timi pi mb mbpirtb
m bpirtb y sb olusto
mb odubrmi o gubstros gbdbshmombs. Goturojkbgtb qub, bj aromi bg bj
duoj sb uso jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg vorëo y bj bspodhi y bkpi mb rbsphrodhôg bgtrb
ug dirrbmir mb korotôg y ug orqubri bs bgirkb. ]ogti dhbgdokbgtb,
diki hgtuhvokbgtb jo rbsphrodhôg bs shg mumo
mu mo shaghdovo poro ojdogzor
kbtos mbpirvos.
mbpirvos. Jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg bdhbgtb ixhabgo
ixhabgo jis küsdujis mb timi
bj dubrpi poro eodbr qub trocolbg mb kogbro ôpko, oj khski bkpi
qub rbkubvb bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi qub primudb domo dèjujo, bg vostos
dogmombs murogtb jo odvhmom.
Bs sirprbgmbgtb qub sb jb mè tog pido otbgdhôg o jo rbsphrodhôg y

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?61


 

timi ji qub hkpjhdo togti bg bj bgtrbgokhbgti, diki bg jo bgsbÿogzo


y bg jo bmudodhôg. ]oj vbz sbo pirqub bg jo dujturo iddhmbgtoj gi bxhstb
tromhdhôg bg morjb hkpirtogdho o ojai tog mhfusi diki bj ‚ohrb‛
‚ohrb‛,, ¡diki
jo rbsphrodhôg!
Thg bkcorai, sh gis rbfbrhkis o jis küsdujis, hgkbmhotokbgtb jis
osidhokis o jis otjbtos y aostokis
aostokis kudeëshkis rbdursis bg kblirorjis y
firtojbdbrjis.
firtojbdbrjis. O pbsor mb qub jis küsdujis sig jo ‚kïquhgo mbj dubrpi‛
dubrpi‛,,
bxhstbg jhkhtodhigbs poro bgtrbgorjis. Pir blbkpji, jis küsdujis sig
kuy pbsomis, osë qub suchr mb pbsi gi bs mbsbocjb poro ug rbkbri, gh
poro ug lhgbtb, gh tokpidi poro ug dirrbmir mb mhstogdho jorao.

‚Dhus, Ojus, Firus.‛


JBKO IJHKPHDI

Jis küsdujis arogmbs digsukbg bj ixëabgi y bj ozüdor, ji duoj bs


dotostrôdi
dotostrôdi poro ug cuzi
cu zi jhcrb ô ug gomomir mb mhstogdho jorao. Rg otjbto
mb ojti rbgmhkhbgti, qub bgb sus küsdujis bgtrbgomis y digauromis
poro su mbpirtb bg pordujor, gi kblirorëo su mbsbkpbÿi dig jo
fubrzo cruto. Rgo shkpjb sijudhôg qub sb eo posomi pir ojti bs rbmudhr
jhabrokbgtb jo koso kusdujor, pbri oj khski bkpi hgdrbkbgtor bj
ocostbdhkhbgti
ocostbdhkhbgt i mb ixëabgi o domo dèjujo, poro qub jo dopodhmom abgbroj
gi sb rbmuzdo.

Oj trocolor dig jo rbsphrodhôg bs pishcjb kbliror bj mbsbkpbÿi, bsti bs


pirqub oj bgtrbgor jis pujkigbs eoy kudei qub aogor, bspbdhojkbgtb

sh jis digshmbrokis
jis
bkpi digshmbrokis diki ‚jtris‛
kbliros jo dojhmom mbj ohrbyqub
‚togqubs‛
‚togqubs‛
jjbao o mbj
tus dubrpi. Th oj(mb
pujkigbs khski
ojti
‚idtogolb‛), bj dubrpi pimrï hgdrbkbgtor bj mbsbkpbÿi togti o dirti,
diki o jorai pjozi> sbr kïs bxpjishvi y dopoz mb kogtbgbr ug bsfubrzi
digstogtb. Rgo rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb y chbg olustomo tokchèg ifrbdb
bj kbmhi poro dikpjbtor bj digtrij kbgtoj qub duojquhbr otjbto mbsbo,
pordujorkbgtb bg shtuodhigbs bstrbsogtbs.
bstrbsogtbs.

‚Poro kogtbgbrkb bg firko, yi dirri, lubai tbghs, proddi squose,


gomi y ogmi bg chdhdjbto. Rsi kh rbsphrodhôg poro omoptorkb o ug
rhtki y tokchèg poro kbliror kh dopodhmom. Murogtb jis prhkbris ?0
o ?2 khgutis mb khs sbshigbs mb bgtrbgokhbgti, kb digdbgtri bg
drbor ug rhtki bg khs kivhkhbgtis
kivhkhbgtis y kh rbsphrodhôg poro morkb o kë

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?65


 

khski jos kblirbs prbkhsos


prbkhsos poro ug mbsbkpbÿi qub murb. Duogmi
Duogmi
bj bkpi eo posomi y eoai bgtrbgokhbgtis o hgtbrvojis, troti mb
bxpogmhr kh dopodhmom vorhogmi jis sbaugmis mb hgeojodhôg digtro
jis mb bxeojodhôg. Mb bsto kogbro sb icbgb ug koyir digtrij mb
jo rbsphrodhôg, ji duoj mb gubvi kbliro kh mbsbkpbÿi bg mhstogdhos
dirtos y joraos.‛

Ebhmh Eovb, 45 oÿis


Digtomir bg Lbfb mb jo Dirpirodhôg, Ebwjb-Podnorm
Ebwjb-Podnorm

Gi docb mumo mb qub


q ub bg jo koyirëo mb jis mbpirtbs, bj ebdei mb dokchor
gubstris ospbdtis kbgtojbs pubmb kuy rïphmokbgtb kbliror o ug
otjbto. Jo pshdijiaëo mbpirvo bs pir digshauhbgtb bxtrbkomokbgtb
hgtbrbsogtb poro trocolor dig bjjo. Pbri, ogtbs mb firkor jis pjogis
kbgtojbs mb ug otjbto, bs bsbgdhoj qub jo ‚kïquhgo‛ bstè chbg jucrhdomo
y bquhpomo dig jis docojjis mb fubrzo pishcjbs.
Pir ji togti, mèkisjb ug vhstozi mb kïs dbrdo o dôki bs qub jo
rbsphrodhôg y sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg pubmbg ipkhzor mhfbrbgtbs
pridbsis shijôahdis. Ojaugos hmbos qub prbsbgti bgsbauhmo pubmbg
porbdbr ug pidi bxoabromos dikporomos dig tu bgtrbgokhbgti mhorhi.
Thg bkcorai, bgsbauhmo bgdigtrorïs ug arupi mb blbkpjis digdrbtis
qub bspbri sbog jis ombduomis poro oraukbgtor bsto hmbo.

Cubgis pujkigbs

Gi bs mb sirprbgmbrsb qub jis otjbtos bg cubgo digmhdhôg, osë diki jis


dogtogtbs y küshdis qub tidog hgstrukbgtis mb vhbgti, dig frbdubgdho
tbgaog ug vijukbg mb pujkôg kïs arogmb qub jo kbmho. Jo bjosdhmom
mb jis pujkigbs y jo eochjhmom mb digtrobrjis
digtrobrjis sig bjbkbgtis hkpirtogtbs
poro bj pridbsi mb rbsphrodhôg.
Jo bjosdhmom mb jis pujkigbs y bj pbdei bs pordujorkbgtb
hkpirtogtb, pirqub bxprbso jo rbshstbgdho girkoj qub bgfrbgtog
jis pujkigbs murogtb jo portb odvo mb jo rbsphrodhôg, bs mbdhr, jo
hgeojodhôg. Khbgtros kïs bjïsdi, kbgis bgbraëo sb rbquhbrb poro jjbgor
jis pujkigbs. Icvhokbgtb, diki rbsphros dig kudeo frbdubgdho, y kuy
firzomi, bxhstb kudeo bgbraëo qub sb pubmb oeirror.
Proddor blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg poro firtojbdbr jis küsdujis jbs
mo kïs rbgmhkhbgti o jis khskis. Sbojhzo blbrdhdhis poro suovhzor jis
küsdujis y tbgmigbs bg bj pbdei.
p bdei. Bg dubsôg mb sbkogos, mb
mbsorrijjor
sorrijjorïs
ïs
ugo rbsphrodhôg bfbdvo y orkighiso.
Bg bj cudbi jhcrb kudeis mb bstis blbrdhdhis mb bsrokhbgti sb

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?68


 

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?10


 

rbojhzog dig jis pujkigbs dikpjbtokbgtb jjbgis, oj rbvès qub bg itris


mbpirtbs. Thg bkcorai, ojaugos tèdghdos sig gbdbsorhos> ugo qub bs
kuy üj bs kbliror bj vijukbg mb tu pujkôg, pir orrhco y oj kïxhki
mb su dopodhmom girkoj bs o ji qub sb jb jjoko ‚juga podnhga‛, qub
quhbrb mbdhr bkpodor bj pujkôg, ji duoj sb uso kudei bg bj cudbi-
jhcrb pbri rbquhbrb mb bstor ojbrto. Gugdo bkpoqubs mbkoshomi ohrb
bg tus pujkigbs mb aijpb y rbdubrmo bsdudeor o tu dubrpi khbgtros vos
priarbsogmi, mb prbfbrbgdho dig jo auëo mb ug hgstrudtir.
Rg bxpbrhkbgti qub sb rbojhzô dig gomomirbs subdis mb ojti
rbgmhkhbgti,, kistrô qub mb dhgdi o sbhs sbkogos mb
rbgmhkhbgti m b proddor bj ‚podnhga
‚podnhga‛‛
pubmb kbliror shaghdovokbgtb gubstro dopodhmom pujkigor. Bs
hkpirtogtb pirqub ug vijukbg kïs arogmb mb jis pujkigbs, pubmb
rbsujtor bg koyir dogmom mb ixëabgi bg domo rbsphrodhôg, osë diki ugo
kbliromo bxdrbdhôg
bxdrbdhôg mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi. Ombkïs, ug koyir vijukbg
kbliro jo itochjhmom, ji qub mo diki rbsujtomi tbgbr ugo koyir
itodhôg bg bj oauo. Rg koyir vijukbg tokchèg mo diki rbsujtomi ugo
kblir ixhabgodhôg o timos jos dèjujos, dig ugo kïs rïphmo rbdupbrodhôg
mbj dubrpi, mbspuès mb pbrhimis mb hgtbgsi trocoli, qub sig portb mbj
mbpirtb diki, bj vijjby-cojj, bj fiit-cojj y bj eidnby sicrb ehbji.
Th sb opjhdo jo hgeojodhôg o trovès mb jo gorhz y jo bxeojodhôg pir jo
cido murogtb bj mbsdogsi, sb jiaro ug ôpki bfbdti. Bsti sb mbcb o
ugo pbqubÿo kijèdujo mb aos ôxhmi mb ghtrôabgi  (GI) bg jo dovhmom
gosoj qub kbliro jo ixhabgodhôg mb jo sogarb bg jis pujkigbs murogtb jo
hgeojodhôg, khbgtros qub bj mhôxhmi
mhôxhmi mb dorcigi bsdopo kïs fïdhjkbg
fïdhjkbgtb
tb o
trovès
trovès mb jo cido murogtb jo bxeojodhôg.

‚Ta eo bstomi oyumogmi o bgtrbgor o khs gomomirbs poro ipkhzor


su rbsphrodhôg, ji duoj bs drudhoj poro ug gomomir mb ojti rbgmhkhbgti.
Eo mbkistromi qub bj yiao y jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg pubmbg
hgdrbkbgtor jo dopodhmom mb jis pujkigbs‛.
  Ci Lodicsbg, =4 oÿis, Bgtrbgomir bg Lbfb mbj QbstT
QbstTwhk
whk Bsclbra
= vbdbs dokpbôg kugmhoj y rbdirmhsto kugmhoj mb gotodhôg dig ojbtos

Itri fbgôkbgi hgtbrbsogtb odbrdo mb jis pujkigbs bs qub kubstrog


vorhocjbs murogtb bj mëo, osë diki jo gorhz. Eoy jopsis duogmi jis
pujkigbs trocolog kblir.
kblir. Rg mbtojjb diki bstb, ug pbqubÿi pirdbgtolb
mb vijukbg mb pujkôg qub oukbgtb, pimrëo sigor trhvhoj poro ojaugis,

Bj bgtrbgokhbgti mb jo gotodhôg firtojbdb jo dopodhmom pujkigor pirqub jo


rbshstbgdho
rbshstbgdho goturoj bg bj oauo blbrdhto timis jis küsdujis rbsphrotirhis.

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?1?


 

pbri poro kudeis, diki ji sig jis otjbtos mb ojti rbgmhkhbgti y jis
otjbtos mbmhdomis qub trocolog o mhorhi bg su bgtrbgokhbgti. Bs ugo
kogbro mb ipkhzor su mbsbkpbÿi y sodorjb bj kblir privbdei pishcjb.
Diki mhdb jo frosb, ‚jis pbgghbs sb digvhbrtbg bg môjorbs.‛
môjorbs.‛

Jo sogarb y bj dirozôg

Jis otjbtos qub bgtrbgog dig mhsdhpjhgos dormhivosdujorbs dig frbdubgdho


bgbg dirozigbs arogmbs y ug shstbko dormhivosdujor dig cubgos
rokhdodhigbs. Dig jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg pimbriso, pubmbs
ictbgbr bj khski bgtrbgokhbgti rïphmo y bdhbgtbkbgtb. Th ug otjbto
gi pubmb rbojhzor dhbrtis blbrdhdhis, jo rbsphrodhôg pimbriso rbsujtorï
ugo cubgo ojtbrgovo poro blbdutorsb. Rg shg gükbri mb pishchjhmombs
bxhstbg poro kogtbgbrsb bg firko o trovès mb jo rbsphrodhôg, hgdjusi
murogtb ug pbrhimi prijigaomi dousomi pir ojaugo jbshôg, jo duoj
hkphmo bj kivhkhbgti girkoj. Hgdjusi bj sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg bs ugo
ojtbrgovo hgtbrbsogtb,
hgtbrbsogtb, yo qub bskujo oj dirozôg, osë diki oj shstbko
rbsphrotirhi.
Rgo rbsphrodhôg bdhbgtb pisbb ugo dopodhmom üghdo qub hguyb bg
jo dhrdujodhôg mb jo sogarb, osë diki bg su dikpishdhôg y odhmbz. Diki
sb mbsdrhchô ogtbrhirkbgtb, bj rbbli mbj cudbi sb mhsporo oj sistbgbr
jo rbsphrodhôg, osë diki duogmi sb eodb digtodti dig bj oauo. Bj cozi
sb digtrob y jhcbro su ojkodbgokhbgti mb dèjujos mb sogarb rilo, mb
toj kogbro qub hgdrbkbgto jo rbsbrvo mb ixëabgi mb jo sogarb. Pubmi
hkoahgor vorhis mbpirtbs bg jis qub bsti crhgmorëo bgirkbs vbgtolos. Th
sisbgbs tu rbsphrodhôg dig jis pujkigbs vodëis i dosh vodëis, bj bfbdti
sbrëo oüg kblir y idurrhrëo kïs rïphmi.
Rsuojkbgtb, jis otjbtos qub bstïg bg kuy cubgo digmhdhôg, gi bgbg
ugo arog pirdhôg mb dèjujos rilos bg jo sogarb (vojir ebkotidrhti) pbri
bg dokchi së ugo arog dogmom mb sogarb. Th jo sogarb sb vubjvb kuy
‚bspbso‛, shkpjbkbgtb gi pubmb dhrdujor o trovès mb jis gis vosis
sogauëgbis sudhbgtbkbgtb rïphmi. Thg bkcorai, sbrëo hgtbrbsogtb
hgvbsaor dôki pimrëo ofbdtor ugo bjbvodhôg crbvb bg bj gükbri mb
dèjujos rilos murogtb bj mbsbkpbÿi mbpirvi.
Mhfbrbgtbs blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo hguybg bg jo sogarb
bg pbrhimis mb jorai pjozi diki cosb, bskujogmi jo eirkigo
goturoj BPI  (brhtripiybgo) bg jis rhÿigbs. Bsto eirkigo prikubvb
jo firkodhôg mb dèjujos mb sogarb rilo bg gubstro kèmujo mb jis eubsis
migmb oprixhkomokbgtb mb 3 o 4 khjjigbs mb bjjos sb primudbg domo
sbaugmi. Thg bkcorai, ugo dogmom hauoj sb rikpb domo sbaugmi pir
kbmhi mbj rhÿôg.

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?13


 

Pir ji togti, ugo sijudhôg prïddo y gi distiso bs kbliror bj


digtbghmi mb dèjujos rilos bg jo sogarb diki duogmi sb jb dikporo dig
bgtrbgokhbgti bg bjbvomo ojtum ô duogmi sb poso bj bkpi bg ug
shkujomir mb ojtum (duchbrto
( duchbrto ‚ehpôxhdo‛), ji duoj bgb bj khski bfbdti.

Dbrbcri y küsdujis

Kïs ixëabgi bg jos dèjujos mb jis küsdujis kbliro su mbsbkpbÿi y jbs


pbrkhtbg trocolor kïs muri y pir kïs bkpi mb bsrok bsrokhbgti
hbgti ogtbs mb
qub sb odhmhqubg. Duogmi rbsphros vhairisokbgtb (ehpbrvbgjodhôg),
bs pishcjb rbkivbr arogmbs dogmombs mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi mb jo
sogarb, y eodbrjo kïs ojdojhgo. Jis bxpbrhkbgtis eog kistromi qub
jis küsdujis qub rbojhzog trocoli kimbromi, ji blbdutog kblir bg
digmhdhigbs ojdojhgos.
Itri bjbkbgti hkpirtogtb
hkpirtogtb bg jis küsdujis bs bj ixëabgi qub oajikbro
jo pritbëgo, khiajichgo, o jo duoj sb jb rbjodhigo dig jo ebkiajichgo. Thg
bkcorai, jo ‚khiajichgo‛ gi jhcbro bj ixëabgi tog fïdhjkbgtb, bs pir ji
togti, ugo rbsbrvo omhdhigoj mb ixëabgi bg jos dèjujos mb jis küsdujis.
Digtrorhokbgtb o jo dogmom mb ebkiajichgo qub pubmb sbr ofbdtomo,
bs mhdhj ojtbror jo dogmom mb ‚khiajichgo‛ bg jis küsdujis.

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?14


 

Rgo ehpôtbshs suahbrb qub ugo colo prbshôg mb ixëabgi prijigaomo


bg jis küsdujis pubmb ofbdtor jo dogmom mb khiajichgo. Tb pubmb
jiaror ojdogzor bstb bstomi odvogmi bj rbbli mbj cudbi y cudbogmi
dig jis pujkigbs vodëis bg oauo kuy frëo (shg bj trolb mb gbiprbgi). Bs
bxtrbki,, gi icstogtb
bxtrbki icstogtb hgtbrbsogtb, pirqub ug hgdrbkbgti bg jo dogmom
mb ‚khiajichgo‛, gi üghdokbgtb mo diki rbsujtomi kïs ixëabgi bg
jis küsdujis, shgi ugo kblir dopodhmom poro mbsbdeor primudtis mb
mbsbdei qub bstïg bg jos dèjujos, y dig bjji ug rbtrosi bg jo primuddhôg
mb ïdhmi jïddi. ¡Bsti bs ji qub jos cojjbgos y jos fidos eodbg, y fugdhigo!
Poro pimbr ofbdtor oj shstbko gbrvhisi y bg pordujor oj dbrbcri,
bs mb arog hkpirtogdho digtor dig ug fubrtb rbbli mb cudbi. Ebkis
icsbrvomi diki bj ebdei mb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg pubmb eodbr qub bj
pujsi mhskhguyo rïphmokbgtb, bsti bs icvhokbgtb vbgtolisi bg kudeis
mbpirtbs. Bj rbsujtomi hgkbmhoti bs jo kblirëo bg jo digdbgtrodhôg y jo
dojko.
Itri kètimi qub pubmb bkpjborsb rïphmokbgtb bs ducrhr tu ristri,
bspbdhojkbgtb jo frbgtb y bj ïrbo ojrbmbmir mb jo gorhz, dig ugo tiojjo
frëo y kilomo. Bj gbrvhi trhaèkhgi sb jidojhzo bg èsto ïrbo, bj duoj hghdhorï
bj bskuji mbj rbbli mb cudbi, mhskhguybgmi bj pujsi y rbjologmi bj
dubrpi. Mb bsto kogbro pubmbs dojkor rïphmokbgtb tus gbrvhis ogtbs
mb ugo dikpbtbgdho mbpirvo. Oj bgtrbgor tu rbspubsto oj cudbi, bs
pishcjb kimhdor jo sbÿoj qub vo oj dbrbcri
d brbcri mb qub bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi
bstï bjbvomi. Mbspuès mb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg prijigaomokbgtb, jos
pbrsigos girkojkbgtb bgbg jo urabgdho mb rbsphror
rbsphror,, pirqub bj ghvbj
mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi bstï bjbvomi, gi pirqub bj ghvbj mb ixëabgi bstè
coli. Bg itros pojocros, bj dubrpi bs dopoz mb digguor sistbghbgmi jo
rbsphrodhôg. Bg jis cuzis jhcrbs chbg bgtrbgomis, bj shstbko gbrvhisi sb
omopto poro tijbror ojtis ghvbjbs mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi, y jo rbsphrodhôg
sijokbgtb sb hghdho duogmi bj ghvbj mb ixëabgi eo jjbaomi oj jëkhtb
këghki y drëdi.
Rg bxpbrhkbgti dig ug arupi mb otjbtos mb trhotjôg kistrô qub trbs
sbkogos mb blbrdhdhis mb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg fub sudhbgtb poro
hgdrbkbgtor jo tijbrogdho shaghdovokbgtb oj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi.
Goturojkbgtb, bsti bs mb rbjbvogdho poro timis jis mbpirtbs, pirqub
shaghdo qub ug otjbto pubmb kivorsb o së khski o hr kïs jblis. Vojb
jo pbgo digshmbror tokchèg jo rbsphrodhôg prifugmo y orkighiso, yo
qub pir kbmhi mbj gbrvhi voai sb rbjolo bj dubrpi hgkbmhotokbgtb.
Pordujorkbgtbb bfbdvo bs jo bxeojodhôg jbgto duogmi eodbs ug sighmi
Pordujorkbgt
drbogmi ug pidi mb rbshstbgdho oj ohrb dig jis jochis ‚pssss‛ ¡hgtègtoji
pir  khski!

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?1=


 

Gutrhr ug fubrtb bspërhtu mbpirvi pubmb jjbvor o hgdrbëcjbs rbsujtomis


rbsujtomis..

Jo rbsphrodhôg kbgtoj

Duogmi sb qubmog dirtos jos eochjhmombs shdos, jo portb kbgtoj sb eodb


dorai. Bkpjbor ebrrokhbgtos kbgtojbs pubmb kivbrtb o  i o itri sbr
eukogi kudei kïs jblis y kudei kïs rïphmi mb ji qub bs pishcjb
shdokbgtb y tèdghdokbgtb siji. Kimbso oportb, drbi qub ugo mb khs
koyirbs firtojbzos bs jo dopodhmom mb drbbr bg jis subÿis mb portb mb
itros pbrsigos, bg kudeis dosis, kudei ogtbs mb qub bjjis khskis jis
eoyog hkoahgomi.
hkoahgomi. Th, jo drbbgdho bg bsti
bsti sb mbcb o kh arog ipkhski
hgfogj, sb jis mbli o su hgtbrprbtodhôg.
Murogtb bj Dokpbigoti Kugmhoj mb Cudbi Jhcrb bg Lopôg bg 30?0,
bgtrbgè oj bquhpi godhigoj mbm b Mhgokordo. Pir orrhco mb jo kordo rbhgoco
bj kugmi mb jis dokpbigbs frogdbsbs, qub prbsbgtocog ug bquhpi tog
fubrtb diki bj mb godhigbs tojbs diki Gubvo \bjogmo, Lopôg y Fhgjogmho,
bg itros pojocros, bj bquhpi Mogès bro bj qub bstoco pir mbcoli.
Jis trbs otjbtos mogbsbs bstocog bg bxdbjbgtb digmhdhôg shdo y
sb eocëog prbporomi osë khskis mb jo kblir kogbro pishcjb ogtbs

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?12


 

mbj dokpbigoti. Thg bkcorai, gi tbgëog gomo mb bxpbrhbgdho bg


dikpbtbgdhos mb ojti ghvbj. Pir digshauhbgtb, bj mbsoi kïs arogmb
poro kë, fub digvbgdbrjis mb qub bstocog jhstis poro rbojhzor bj kblir
cudbi mb su vhmo eodhbgmi qub fubrog kïs ojjï mb su jëkhtb odtuoj.
Tirprbgmbgtbkbgtb, timis sb jos orrbajorig poro digtrijor jo dorao mb
bstrès y fubrig kïs ojjï mb sus kblirbs jiaris pbrsigojbs.
Jiarè bsti opjhdogmi tèdghdos mb hkoahgodhôg poro firtojbdbr sus
ogdjos kbgtojbs y qub drbybsbg bg sus priphos dopodhmombs. Jo djovb
poro bstb mbsoi, fub hkpigbr bj kblir bgfiqub pshdijôahdi pishcjb poro
domo otjbto mb kogbro hgmhvhmuoj. Digvbgdë o sus kbgtbs sucdigsdhbgtbs
poro qub jiarosbg bsb hgdrbëcjb mbsbkpbÿi, prbsbgtïgmijbs iclbvis
bspbdëdis y bxpjhdïgmijbs bg mbtojjb dôki y pirquè bjjis bstocog jhstis
poro ojdogzor bstos kbtos.
Oj goj, bjjis ojdogzorig su subÿi mb sbr jis gubvis dokpbigbs
kugmhojbs, oj kivor su dubrpi, kbgtb y ojko kudei kïs ojjï mb su
zigo mb dikimhmom. Bstb Bstb ebrkisi y digtrijomi
digtrijomi cudbi, jbs pbrkhô
aogor bj Dokpbigoti Kugmhoj 30?0. Kb shbgti bkidhigomi mb eocbr
shmi portb mb
m b bstb sirprbgmbgtb jiari y bstiy bxtrbkomokbgtb
bxtrbkomokbgtb iraujjisi
mb gubstro dopodhmom poro trocolor bg bquhpi.
bq uhpi.
Jo pshdijiaëo mbpirvo kimbrgo sb dbgtro bg bj bgtrbgokhbgti
kbgtoj, duogmi bj otjbto hgtbgto firtojbdbr sus pbrjbs pshdijôahdis
kimhdogmi odtumbs, iclbvis, kivodhôg, ogshbmom o jo eiro mb jo
blbdudhôg, jo digdbgtrodhôg, btd. Bxhstb tokchèg ug bgirkb bgfiqub
bg jo rbjolodhôg pshdisikïdo, jo vhsuojhzodhôg, bj bgtrbgokhbgti outi-
aèghdi y ugo jorao jhsto mb itros tèdghdos.
Bstos tèdghdos sig kuy üjbs mb kudeos kogbros, pbri ogtbs qub
gomo sig ‚tèdghdos mbj pbgsokhbgti‛ y diki tojbs bgbg mbchjhmombs.
Bg ojaugos idoshigbs gi tbgmrïs bj bkpi i jo poz poro proddorjos, yo
sbo ogtbs i mbspuès mb jo dikpbtbgdho> y sh jo kbgtb bstï oprbsuromo y
sb eog drbomi tbgshigbs bg bj dubrpi, pubmbg tbgbr ug bfbdti gbaovi.
Poro ojaugis shaghdorëo rbshagodhôg y poro itris shaghdorëo pïghdi,
okcis bstïg o jo kogi.
Jo rbsphrodhôg gi lubao ug popbj mb hkpirtogdho bg jo pshdijiaëo
mbpirvo kimbrgo y sb bkpjbo kïs chbg poro jo rbjolodhôg
rbjolodhôg qub diki
ugo ebrrokhbgto
ebrrokhbgto mb jo pshdijiaëo.
pshdijiaëo. Bxhstbg mis rozigbs
rozigbs pir jos duojbs jo
rbsphrodhôg bs ugo ebrrokhbgto kbgtoj fubrtb y digocjb. Poro bkpbzor,
poro jo koyirëo bs shbkprb kïs fïdhj digtrijor jis pbgsokhbgtis khbgtros
kïs digsdhbgtb bstès mb bjji. Bj dikpjbti digtrij kbgtoj sb pubmb
ojdogzor mb kogbro
kogbro shkpjb, ji duoj bs jo cosb mbj yiao y bspbdhojkbgtb
mbj progoyoko.
Jo sbaugmo rozôg sb bgdubgtro bg ‚bj digmhdhigokhbgti djïshdi‛.

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?16


 

Eodb ojrbmbmir mb ?00 oÿis bj pshdôjiai rusi Hvog Povjiv ehzi qub jis
pbrris sbarbaorog sojhvo pir kbmhi mbj sighmi mb ugo dokpogo. Jiarô
bsti oj sigor jo dokpogo domo vbz qub jis pbrris rbdhcëog sus ojhkbgtis.
Mbspuès mb ug bkpi, jis pbrris osidhocog bj sighmi mb jo dokpogo
dig jo dikhmo, y bgtigdbs bkpbzorig
bkpbzorig o sbarbaor sojhvo tog prigti diki
iëog jo dokpogo, oüg duogmi gi euchbsb dikhmo bgfrbgtb mb bjjis.
Mb hauoj kogbro drbi qub jo kbgtb pubmb ‚digmhdhigorsb‛
‚digmhdhigorsb‛ pir kbmhi
mb jo rbsphrodhôg y ji duoj gi sb rbstrhgab üghdokbgtb oj kugmi mb jis
mbpirtbs. Duogmi sb vhgdujo ug eukir
eukir pishvi digdbgtromi ô rbjolomi
dig jo rbsphrodhôg, sb vubjvb ug rbdursi arogmhisi sh jo kbgtb i jis
‚gbrvhis‛ fojjog. Eocrïs drbomi ug ogdjo kbgtoj gubvo. Jo rbsphrodhôg
hguyb mhrbdtokbgtb bg bj dubrpi, khbgtros qub jo hkoahgodhôg, pir
blbkpji, sb dbgtro bg ugo portb pordujor mbj dbrbcri. Mbchmi o qub jo
kbgtb bs mhgïkhdo y bstï vhvo, hguyb bg bj dubrpi y kbgtb oj khski
bkpi. Bsti drborï ugo rbtri-ojhkbgtodhôg pishvo y bj bfbdti ‚phga-
piga‛ qub morï diki rbsujtomi ugo kbgtb crhjjogtb y digtrijomo dig
ug dubrpi fubrtb y chbg bquhjhcromi.
Duogmi jo digbxhôg bgtrb jo rbsphrodhôg y ug bstomi kbgtoj bspbdhoj
sb eo ebdei fubrtb, sb ojhvhog jis pridbsis kbgtojbs odtuogmi diki ug
‚aojji‛. Bg itros pojocros, ugo pordujor rbsphrodhôg sbrï pir së khsko
sudhbgtb poro jiaror bj bstomi mbsbomi mb digdbgtrodhôg, mblogmi
mhspighcjbs kïs mb jis rbdursis mbj dbrbcri.
Bxhstbg kudeis kïs cbgbdhis bsdigmhmis bg jo rbsphrodhôg,
pordujorkbgtb pirqub su rhtki bstï tog dbrdogokbgtb jhaomi o jis
kivhkhbgtis mbj dubrpi. Oj bstor kïs ojbrto mb jos gos cros mb jo
rbsphrodhôg, bj mbsbkpbÿi mbj dubrpi sb ipkhzo. Pubmbs bstor
rbjolomi/o bg bj kikbgti dirrbdti, pbri tbgsi ô rëahmi ug kikbgti
mbspuès. Kudeis otjbtos trocolog yo dig tojbs tèdghdos, pbri dig
frbdubgdho bg ug ghvbj sucdigsdhbgtb. O trovès mbj hgdrbkbgti qub sb
eo momi bg jo digdbgtrodhôg bg jo rbsphrodhôg, jo ojbrto shdo tokchèg
bs rbgomo.
Mbchmi o qub jo rbsphrodhôg bs ug pugti mb bgfiqub rkb, tokchèg
pubmb sbr usomo poro mhstrobr. Pubmb sbr mb arog oyumo bspbdhojkbgtb
duogmi sb osidho oj mijir b hgdjusi duogmi tb bgdubgtros bxeousti ô
sikbmi o bstrès kbgtoj, pir blbkpji, ¡murogtb ug ri pbgoj ô ug aij!
Fhgojkbgtb, drbi qub jo rbsphrodhôg pubmb sbr ug otoli poro ojdogzor
ug bstomi mb uli. Bstb fbgôkbgi digshstb bg jo fushôg mbj dubrpi y jo
kbgtb, migmb bj bkpi dbso y jos disos sudbmbg pir së khskos. Bsti
dig frbdubgdho sudbmb bg jis mbpirtbs y pubmb digtrhcuhr poro jiaror
rbsujtomis bxdbpdhigojbs. Bstb bstomi mb dikimhmom idurrb murogtb jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo, y dig frbdubgdho dig sirprbgmbgtb rophmbz.

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?11


 

Dig ug bgfiqub eijësdi mb ji shaghdovi mb jo rbsphrodhôg, ug


arog bfbdti pubmb jiarorsb bg jo digsdhbgdho, osë diki bg bj ghvbj
sucdigsdhbgtb. Bstb bs bj pimbr üghdi mb jo kbgtb.

Bxpbrhkbgtis dig jo rbsphrodhôg

Khbgtros kïs oprbgmbkis odbrdo mb jo rbsphrodhôg y su digbxhôg


dig bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb, kïs pimbkis opjhdor vorhomos tèdghdos mb
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g y mb jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo o jis mbpirtbs y oj trotokhbgti
mb jos bgfbrkbmombs.
Fhshôjiais, chôjiais y dhbgdis bgdubgtrog vojhisis iclbtis mb bstumhi
o jis cuzis jhcrbs, pirqub pimbkis sistbgbr gubstro rbsphrodhôg pir
togti bkpi coli digmhdhigbs digtrijomos. Mb bsto kogbro, bs pishcjb
bxokhgor diki mhfbrbgtbs ôraogis rboddhigog o digmhdhigbs bxtrbkos
mhfbrbgtbs, osë diki duogmi bj dubrpi bs sikbmi o ug coli ghvbj mb
prbshôg mb ixëabgi (ehpixho) y sb vb firzomi o trocolor mhfbrbgtbkbgtb
i bg ugo gubvo firko. Jos pbrsigos qub sufrbg bgfbrkbmombs drôghdos
ô eog shmi sikbmos o ug oddhmbgtb oaumi, pimrëog bxpbrhkbgtor
digmhdhigbs shkhjorbs bg bj dubrpi, pbri gi pubmbg sbr ogojhzomos mb
kogbro digtrijomo.
Bj bstumhor o jis cuzis jhcrbs bs pordujorkbgtb rbjbvogtb pirqub
ifrbdb o jis dhbgdis ug digidhkhbgti üj qub pubmb usorsb
u sorsb poro drbor
kblirbs trotokhbgtis y tbrophos. Bstb digidhkhbgti pubmb cbgbdhor
o jo abgtb qub sufrb mb fojjos mbj dirozôg, trikcishs dbrbcroj, i moÿi
bg portbs mbj shstbko gbrvhisi. Pir supubsti, bstb digidhkhbgti bs
okpjhokbgtb opjhdocjb oj trocoli dhbgdi, pbri jis cuzis jhcrbs pubmbg
ictbgbr aogogdhos mb jo hgfirkodhôg
hgfirkodhôg ujhzïgmijo poro bstocjbdbr gubvis
kètimis mb bgtrbgokhbgtis tokchèg.
Eb pordhpomi bg kudeis bstumhis dhbgdis o trovès mb jis oÿis,
dig frbdubgdho diki ‚digblhjji mb hgmhos‛, eo shmi bkidhigogtb,
arodogtb y kuy hgtbrbsogtb eocbr pordhpomi bg bstis bstumhis
phigbris qub bgbg qub vbr dig jo rbsphrodhôg y mb kogbro gitocjb dig
jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo
sistbghmo togti bg jo brro diki bg bj oauo. Jis ôraogis
ôraogis
qub jis dhbgdis eog bstomi opugtojogmi bg sus bstumhis eog shmi bj
dirozôg, bj dbrbcri y jis pujkigbs, yo qub bjjis sig mb jo hkpirtogdho

Jo sogarb girkoj ixhabgomo bs rilo, khbgtros qub jo sogarb mbspuès


mb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg pir shbtb khgutis bs kuy icsduro
mbchmi oj coli digtbghmi mb ixëabgi.

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?15


 

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?18


 

kïs shaghdovo poro jo sojum mbj dubrpi y su mbsbkpbÿi coli bj bstrès.

Bj dirozôg fubrtb

Kh dirozôg eo shmi bxokhgomi bg kudeis juaorbs bg timi bj kugmi.


Rgo vbz pir jis shôjiais Sucèg Jbto y Frogdbsd Dorrbros, mb Cordbjigo,
quhbgbs rbojhzorig ug ujtro sighmi mb kh dirozôg. Bg mhdei bsdogbi sb
pubmb icsbrvor sh jos mhfbrbgtbs dïkoros mbj dirozôg sb eog jjbgomi mb
sogarb diki mbcbrëog y o bvojuor sh jos vïjvujos mbj dirozôg sb ocrbg y
sb dhbrrog, duogmi mbcbg. Kh dirozôg sb bgdigtrô girkoj y bg cubgo
digmhdhôg. Pishcjbkbgtb dig ugo tbgmbgdho o bgsogdeor bj vbgtrëduji
hzquhbrmi mbj dirozôg, ji duoj sb icsbrvo bg kudeis otjbtos quhbgbs
proddog bg ug ghvbj mb ojti rbgmhkhbgti, pir ji togti sb jb jjoko
‚dirozôg mb otjbto‛.
Murogtb bj bstumhi digtuvb kh rbsphrodhôg pir dbrdo mb 1 khgutis, jis
duoj jis shôjiais gi eocëog tbskighomi ogtbs, y eodho bj goj kh pujsi
colô oprixhkomokbgtb
?0 jomis pir mbcoli mb okh40pujsi
jomis
bg pir khguti,
rbpisi. ]rotojimb
duoj bs ojrbmbmir
rbahstror mb
tu priphi
pujsi, dijido tu mbmi bg jo ortbrho dorômo pir ug khguti y dubgto.
Bg itro idoshôg bsdogborig kh dirozôg bg bj Eisphtoj Tnblcy bg
Ooreus, Mhgokordo, pir bj bspbdhojhsto mbj dirozôg, Ogmbrs Nhrstbhg. Mb
gubvi, sistuvb kh rbsphrodhôg pir kïs mb 1 khgutis y jiarè ug pujsi
hgdjusi kbgir. Kb bstrbsè ug pidi, pbri bj midtir odtuô ‚kuy chbg‛
murogtb jo hgvbsaodhôg, hgdjusi duogmi kh doro dokchi mb kiromi o
gi tbgbr dijir, y ¡bj pujsi sb ehzi kuy mhdhj mb rbahstror! Kïs oüg bj
pbrsigoj bgdoraomi mbj tbjbvhsir bstoco drbogmi ‚rosais dorodtbrësdis‛
bg bj bxpbrhkbgti, ji duoj ehzi qub jo shtuodhôg sb tirgoro hgdjusi kïs
hgtbgso.
Mbspuès vhshto oj Jockog Eowohh, Hgd., y oj bspbdhojhsto mbj dirozôg,
Gboj Tehnuko. Pir prhkbro vbz primulb ugo jëgbo pjogo bg bj kightir,
bs mbdhr qub, kh dirozôg gi joô pir bgtrb = y 2 sbaugmis. Poro eodbr
bsti, usè ugo tèdghdo ovogzomo digidhmo bg bj cudbi-jhcrb y bj yiao, y
mb odubrmi dig bj midtir Tehnuko, ugo pouso bg jis jomis mbj dirozôg
mb ug dirozôg
dirozôg girkoj gi eocëo shmi
shmi gugdo rbahstromo
rbahstromo bg su djëghdo.
Kh dirozôg bstoco sogi y girkoj, pbri bj midtir Tehnuko bxprbsô
prbidupodhôg mb sh sbrëo ugo cubgo hmbo digguor bgtrbgogmi bg
ojti rbgmhkhbgti, pirqub pimrëo jjbvor o mbsorrijjor bgfbrkbmombs mbj
dirozôg.
Bs icvhi qub gi mbcbs proddor ghgaugo djosb mb mbpirtb bg

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?50


 

ojto hgtbgshmom shg eocbrtb rbdupbromi i tikomi mbsdogsis mbj


bgtrbgokhbgti, pbri mbci omkhr qub yi gi bstoco pordujorkbgtb
prbidupomi, pirqub kh dirozôg bg bsb bgtigdbs bstoco sogi y
trocologmi focujisokbgtb. Bsti tokchèg fub digrkomi pir bj
bspbdhojhsto mbj dirozôg htojhogi Ojbssogmri Phgahtirb y su bquhpi mb
dhbgdis qub bxokhgog ug gükbri mb cuzis jhcrbs mb ojturo murogtb bj
Dokpbigoti Kugmhoj mb Cudbi mb Prifugmhmom.
Mbsmb bgtigdbs, jb eb pbmhmi qub bxokhgb jos kbdujisos
icsbrvodhigbs qub jb ehdhbrig o kh dirozôg y bj midtir Phgahtirb eo
digrkomi qub kh dirozôg shaub sogi y bg cubgo
c ubgo digmhdhôg. Bj bstumhi
rbojkbgtb kistrô qub jis dirozigbs mb jis cuzis jhcrbs fugdhigog
kblir qub jis girkojbs
girkojbs mbspuès mb ug cudbi prifugmi.
prifugmi. Bsti pimrëo
pimrëo
sbr dousomi pir jis rbblis mb cudbi, mhrhahbgmi kïs sogarb eodho jis
pujkigbs murogtb
murogtb y mbspuès mbj cudbi. Gi icstogtb,
icstogtb, bsto icsbrvodhôg
icsbrvodhôg
kb hgtrhaô. Porbdb qub bj cudbi jhcrb pubmb eodbr qub bj dirozôg bstè
kïs rbjolomi y qub fugdhigb kblir oj khski bkpi.
Tb digmuli itro hgvbsaodhôg o dorai mbj midtir frogdès, Frèmèrhd
Jbkoçtrb, murogtb ugo arog dikpbtbgdho bg Kôgodi, bg migmb jis
kblirbs cuzis jhcrbs mbj kugmi fubrig hgvhtomis o dikpbr bg jo
mhsdhpjhgo mb opgbo bstïdo (rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo). Pir prhkbro vbz,
bstb bstumhi bstocjbdhô qub jis cuzis jhcrbs mb ojti rbgmhkhbgti mhbrbg
mb itris cubgis cuzis jhcrbs bg qub pubmbg color
c olor su pujsi pir sbaugmo
idoshôg murogtb bj cudbi.
Eocjogmi vujaorkbgtb, jis cuzis mb ojti rbgmhkhbgti bgbg ug
‚dokchi bxtro‚, poro color su pujsi, bj duoj pubmbg bkpjbor duogmi
sbo gbdbsorhi. Goturojkbgtb bsti bdigikhzo bj digsuki mb ixëabgi y
ojorao jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo. Th sb godb dig èstb dokchi bxtro ô sh
sb mbsorrijjo o trovès mb ug muri y mbtbrkhgomi bgtrbgokhbgti, bstï
oüg pir mbsducrhrsb. Mbci omkhr qub ji sbaugmi bs vbrmom, diki itri
blbkpji mb jo fogtïsdo eochjhmom mbj dubrpi eukogi poro omoptorsb o
gubvos dhrdugstogdhos.

Bj sucjhkb dbrbcri

Ombkïs mb kh dirozôg,
dirozôg, kh dbrbcri tokchèg fub bsdogbomi. Jis iclbvis
mb bstis bxpbrhkbgtis eog shmi jiaror ug kblir bgtbgmhkhbgti mb
dôki rboddhigo bj dbrbcri duogmi bj ocostbdhkhbgti mb ixëabgi
mbdrbdb. Bstis bxpbrhkbgtis bgbg diki iclbti irhbgtor o ug gubvi
trotokhbgti supjbkbgtorhi bg dosis mb otoqubs dbrbcrojbs (trikcishs
dbrbcroj i ebkirroahos). Jis bsdogbis mb ujtrosighmi jbs pbrkhtbg o jis

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?5?


 

dhbgdis bdeor ug vhstozi oj dbrbcri y tbgbr ugo hkprbshôg mb dôki


sb vbg jos mhfbrbgtbs ïrbos mbj dbrbcri, qub tog arogmb bs bj uli mb
sogarb, duogti ixëabgi sb digsukb bg vorhos portbs mbj tblhmi dbrbcroj,
y ug gükbri mb itros odvhmombs.
Kh prhkbr bsdogbi mb dbrbcri fub rbojhzomi pir bj midtir Derhsgb
Tõjjhga, quhbg trocoloco bg bsb bkpi bg trikcishs dbrbcrojbs. Pir mis
mëos sistuvb kh rbsphrodhôg pir oprixhkomokbgtb 1 khgutis khbgtros
qub kh dbrbcri bro bsdogbomi. Rgo mb jos bgfbrkbros drbëo qub eocëo
ojai koj dig jo üjko kubstro mb sogarb pirqub bstoco dosh gbaro i
mb ug dijir kuy isduri diki bj vhgi, goturojkbgtb o douso mbj coli
digtbghmi mb ixëabgi. Pir itri jomi, duogmi jo sogarb bs ixhabgomo bsto
kuy rilo, o pbsor mb qub kh sogarb tbgëo ug coli digtbghmi mb ixëabgi
bg jo sogarb gi euci shagis mb moÿi bg jis tblhmis mbj dbrbcri. Gh bg ug
dirti pjozi gh tokpidi bg ug jorai pjozi.
Bj midtir Koekium Osenoghog, kïs tormb mbsorrijjô ug gubvi
bsdogbi mbj dbrbcri poro hgvbsaor jo hgubgdho mbj dorcôabgi bg jo
tiko mb ixëabgi mbj dbrbcri. Bj dorcôabgi bs ugo kbzdjo mb mhôxhmi
mb dorcigi y ixëabgi, bg bstb dosi bj 2% bs mhôxhmi mb dorcigi y bj
82% bs ixëabgi. Jo hmbo mb usor ugo kbzdjo mb aos diki trotokhbgti
vhbgb mb jo tbropho mbj dïgdbr. Tb eo mbkistromi qub dhbrtis pis
mb dïgdbr sig kïs sbgshvis o jo tbropho mb jo romhodhôg sh bj ixëabgi
bsto chbg ixhabgomi. Diki sb mbsdrhchô ogtbrhirkbgtb, bj ixëabgi bs
ugo gbdbshmom mb vhmo poro jo supbrvhvbgdho mb timo dèjujo, pbri siji
bg jo digdbgtrodhôg dirrbdto. Th brbs sikbmi o ixëabgi puri pir ug
jorai pbrhimi mb bkpi odtüo diki vbgbgi kirtoj. Bj ixëabgi bgb jo
dopodhmom mb digstrbÿhr jis vosis sogauëgbis. Pir ji togti, sh sufrbs ugo
trikcishs dbrbcroj
dbrbcroj gi bs opriphomi trotorjo
trotorjo dig ixëabgi puri, qub bs ji
qub rbojkbgtb eodbkis bg bsb kikbgti,
kikbgti, bg okcujogdhos, ojcbrdos, btd.
Bj bquhpi mb sojvokbgti digbgb ixëabgi puri. Bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi
bgb bj bfbdti ipubsti yo qub drbo mhjotodhôg mb jis vosis sogauëgbis.
Diki pubmbs rbdirmor, bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi bs ug primudti mb
mbsbdei qub sb primudb bg jos dèjujos duogmi trocolog. Gi icstogtb,
bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi gi mbcb sbr digshmbromi diki ug kotbrhoj mb
mbsebdei qub pubmb sbr bjhkhgomi hgkbmhotokbgtb, pirqub bgb ug
bfbdti pishvi bg jis vosis sogauëgbis eodhègmijis qub sb rbjolbg y
bxpogmog. Ombkïs, bs portb mb jo rbaujodhôg mbj
mb j dhdji mb jo rbsphrodhôg,
ofbdtogmi digguokbgtb
digguokbgtb jo portb dbgtroj mb rbsphrodhôg mbj dbrbcri.

‚Ticrb bj ocostbdhkhbgti mb ixëabgi mbj dubrpi bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi


bspordb sus ojos pritbdtiros‛
LIEOG FSHBMBSHDE KHBTDEBS, ?552

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?53


 

Bg 3002 kh okhai Qhjjhok ]rucrhmab (dokpbôg kugmhoj bg cudbi


prifugmi) mb Gubvo \bjogmo bsdrhchô ji shauhbgtb bg ug B-kohj bg bj qub
mhsdukis odbrdo mb tèdghdos ôpkos mb rbsphrodhôg ogtbs mb ug cudbi
prifugmi< ‚rbdubrmo, bj DI3 bs tu okhai‛ vojb jo pbgo digshmbror qub
rbaujogmi tu rbsphrodhôg pubmbs koghpujor jo digdbgtrodhôg mb mhôxhmi
mb dorcigi bg jo sogarb y pir ji togti su odhmbs (pE), shg bkcorai,
bxhstbg jhkhtbs odbrdo mb duogti mhôxhmi mb dorcigi pubmb tijbror bj
dubrpi.
Jis bxpbrhkbgtis dig dorcôabgi fubrig bxhtisis y jis rbsujtomis
prikhsirhis.
prikhsirhi s. Jo ehpôtbshs bs jo shauhbgtb< Tbrëo mb cbgbdhi hgdrbkbgtor
jo dogmom mb ixëabgi bg jo sogarb y oj khski bkpi mhrhahr kïs sogarb
oj tblhmi qub eoyo shmi moÿomi, pirqub jo digdbgtrodhôg mb ixëabgi bg
bj tblhmi sb bjbvorï. Mb bsto kogbro icbgbs jis bfbdtis cbgèdis mbj
ixëabgi y mbj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi oj khski bkpi.
Itro icsbrvodhôg hgtbrbsogtb rbsujtô mb jis bxpbrhkbgtis. Vorhos
icsbrvodhigbs suahbrbg qub bj dbrbcri, pordujorkbgtb, mis ïrbos mbj
tojji dbrbcroj oporbdbg mhfbrbgtbs bg jis cuzis jhcrbs bg dikporodhôg
dig jis qub gi sig cuzis. Rg ïrbo, bj ‚ pigs‛ (ugo bstrudturo mbj tojji
dbrbcroj) bstï hgvijudromo bg jo rbaujodhôg mbj pridbsi rbsphrotirhi. Jo
itro ïrbo bs bj ‚tïjoki‛ qub fugdhigo diki ugo bstodhôg rbdbptiro
pirqub rbdhcb hgfirkodhôg sbgsirhoj y mbtbrkhgo duojbs mb bstos sbÿojbs
bgvhor o jo dirtbzo dbrbcroj qub sb jidojhzo bg bj ‚dbrbcruk‛ (jo portb
frigtoj mbj dbrbcri qub digdhbrgb oj pbgsokhbgti y o jo pbrdbpdhôg.

Pigs   ]ïjoki

Bj dbrbcri mb ug cuzi jhcrb bs mhfbrbgtb oj mb jo abgtb qub gi cudbo,


 pordujorkbgtb
 pordujorkbgtb bg jos ïrbos mbj tojji dbrbcroj diki sb kubstro bg bj bsdogbi
dbrbcroj.

Jis bstumhis sig timovëo prbjhkhgorbs y jhkhtomis, pbri jis rbsujtomis


eog shmi dhbrtis, pirqub hgmhdog qub jis mhfbrbgtbs dbgtris mbj dbrbcri
kuy pricocjbkbgtb pubmbg sbr blbrdhtomis y mbsorrijjomis o trov
trovès
ès mb
blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg prhgdhpojkbgtb dig blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg
sistbghmo. Bsti ocrb gubvos pbrspbdvos bg rbjodhôg oj bgtrbgokhbgti y

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?54


 

gi kbgis poro jo rbeochjhtodhôg mb pbrsigos qub sufrbg moÿi dbrbcroj.


Bg pbrsigos qub proddog bj yiao y jo kbmhtodhôg, dokchis pishvis
bg jo bstrudturo dbrbcroj eog shmi icsbrvomis tokchèg. Oqubjjis qub
sb eog hgvijudromi o kïs prifugmhmom bg jo kbmhtodhôg kubstrog
arogmbs dokchis bg jo bstrudturo mbj dbrbcri. ¡Osë qub jo hgvbsaodhôg
dhbgdo bstï bg dokhgi mb pricor qub jo kbmhtodhôg y jo proddo
mb jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo pubmb sbr mb cbgbdhi mb vbs bg duogmi!
Rg gubvi bstumhi mbj dbrbcri mbsorrijjomi pir bj dhbgdi Mogès
Pbtbr Vbstbraoorm Piujsbg mb Ooreus, eo kistromi qub vorhis blbrdhdhis
(pir blbkpji jo rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb, jo digdbgtrodhôg y jo kbmhtodhôg
digsdhbgtb) sig osidhomis dig dokchis ogotôkhdis bg jo bstrudturo
mbj tojji dbrbcroj. Mbstodo ug ïrbo bg bj tojji dbrbcroj qub kubstro
koyir mbgshmom mb dèjujos. Ticrbsojb bsto ïrbo qub sb rbjodhigo dig jo
rbaujodhôg mb gubstro rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg y rhtki dormhodi,
dormhodi, bs bj juaor mb migmb
crito bj gbrvhi voai.
Bs jo prhkbro vbz qub jis dhbgdis eog mbkistromi ug hgmhdomir mb
pjosdhmom bg bj tojji dbrbcroj, ji duoj shaghdo qub jis eukogis pir
kbmhi mb jo rbsphrodhôg y bj pbgsokhbgti pimrëokis sbr dopodbs mb
dokchor jo bstrudturo mbj dbrbcri. Bsti gi mbcb sirprbgmbrgis duogmi
pbgsokis bg diki bj bstrès pubmb mbstruhr bj dbrbcri, pbri sig jos
hgvbsaodhigbs
hgvbsaodhigbs dhbgdos sôjhmos ji qub opricokis bg iddhmbgtb.

Opgbo

22
    )
    %
    (
   s
   o
    l
   i
   r
   s 20
   o
    j
   u
    j
    è
    D
3 3 3 6<40
=2  ]hbkpi (khg.)
0 ?0 30 40 =0 20

Mbspuès mb ugo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo prijigaomo jo dogmom mb dèjujos mb


sogarb rilo sb hgdrbkbgto pirqub bj cozi sb digtrob.

Ocugmogtbs dèjujos rilos mb jo sogarb

Itri ôraogi qub bs mb hgtbrès poro jis mbpirtbs y jis sbrvhdhis mb sojum
bs bj cozi, qub trocolo togti diki ugo hgstojodhôg mbstrudvo diki
bg ojkodbgor dèjujos mb sogarb rilo. Eodb ug por mb oÿis jo prifbsiro
mb \ii-shijiaëo Brhno Tdeoaotoy hgvbsaô kh cozi, bjjo eo bstomi o jo

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?5=


 

vogauormho bg ugo hgvbsaodhôg dhbgdo odbrdo mb jo rbspubsto oj cu -


dbi bg jis sbrbs eukogis (rbbli mb cudbi). Bg jis bsdogbis bjjo pumi
kistror diki sb digtrob bj cozi murogtb y mbspuès mb ugo rbsphrodhôg
sistbghmo prijigaomo. Bstb digidhkhbgti bs dhbrtokbgtb üj yo qub bj
cozi subjto kudeos dèjujos mb sogarb rilo murogtb su digtroddhôg, mb toj
kogbro qub hgdrbkbgto jo rbsbrvo mb ixëabgi bg bj dubrpi. Poro bstor
sbauri mb qub jos dèjujos rilos gi sb irhahgog bg ghgaüg itri jomi mbj
dubrpi, abgtb qub gi bgb cozi fub tokchèg sikbmo o jos khskos
digmhdhigbs. Bstb arupi mb pbrsigos gi kistrorig ugo bjbvodhôg bg jo
dogmom mb dèjujos mb
m b sogarb rilo mbspuès mb ugo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo
prijigaomo ji duoj kistrô qub kuy pricocjbkbgtb bj irhabg mbj hgdrb -
kbgti mb dèjujos rilos fubsb bj cozi.
Durhisokbgtb, kh cozi oj bgsogdeorsb porbdëo jor ogtbs mb sistbgbr
jo rbsphrodhôg, poro kh, bsti suahbrb qub bj cozi pubmb bstor coli ugo
hgubgdho kbgtoj pirqub bg bj kikbgti qub yi hco o sistbgbr kh
rbsphrodhôg, èstb rboddhigô. Rg bfbdti pshdijôahdi auëo bj pbgsokhbgti,
èstb sb drbô poro hguhr bg bj
b j shstbko gbrvhisi outôgiki.
Rgi mb jis arogmbs sbdrbtis mbj yiao bs jo eochjhmom mb aogor digtrij
mb timi bj shstbko gbrvhisi, hgdjusi jo portb qub usuojkbgtb gi pubmb
sbr digtrijomo o vijugtom. ]oj digtrij pbrkbo kïs prifugmokbgtb mb
ji qub jo dhbgdho kimbrgo pubmb hkoahgor, toj vbz sbo ug hgmhdomir mb
ug fbgôkbgi pshdisikïdi qub fïdhjkbgtb pubmo sbr pricomi bg bj
futuri.
Mbspuès mb kïs mb sbhs khgutis mb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg, kh cozi sb
eocëo digstrbÿhmi o jo khtom mb su tokoÿi (mb 600 kj o 400 kj) jhcbrogmi
ugo arog dogmom mb dèjujos mb sogarb rilo bg jo dirrhbgtb sogauëgbo oj
khski bkpi. Bj hgdrbkbgti bg jo dogmom mb dèjujos mb sogarb rilo fub
bgirkb, dbrdo mbj ?0%. Bsti dirrbspigmb o ug hgdrbkbgti mbj =5% oj 24
% mbj vojir ebkotidrhti
ebkotidrhti,, ji duoj rbprbsbgto
rbprbsbgto bj pirdbgtolb
pirdbgtolb mbj vi
vijukbg
jukbg
mb dèjujos rilos bg jo sogarb. ]u vojir ebkotidrhti bs pricocjbkbgtb
mb ojrbmbmir mbj =3% oj =2%. Jis eikcrbs bgbg ug vojir ebkotidrhti
kïs ojti qub jos kulbrbs.
Jo gidhôg mb qub jo dopodhmom mb jo sogarb poro odorrbor bj ixëabgi
pubmb kujpjhdorsb
kujpjhdorsb oj sistbgbr
sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg gi bs üghdokbgtb
üghdokbgtb
hkpirtogtb poro jis cuzis jhcrbs y itris otjbtos, shgi dhbrtokbgtb
tokchèg poro podhbgtbs quhbgbs gbdbshtog firtojbdbr bj cojogdb mb
ixëabgi bg su dubrpi. Kïs oüg, bstb pridbmhkhbgti pubmb sbr usomi
diki ugo ojtbrgovo èdo y sojumocjb poro primudhr goturojkbgtb BPI
(brhtripiybgo) y itros mriaos priehchmos. Bsti bs ji kïs hkpirtogtb
bg bj dosi duogmi ugo pbrsigo gi pubmb tijbror ugo hgybddhôg mb BPI
ordhoj murogtb bj trotokhbgti.

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?52


 

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?56


 

Bstumhis rbdhbgtbs eog mbkistromi tokchèg qub bj priaroko mb


bgtrbgokhbgti dirrbdti
dirrbdti poro sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg pubmb eodbr qub jo
digdbgtrodhôg goturoj
goturoj mb BPI sb hgdrbkbgtb
hgdrbkbgtb ug 3=% bg ug mëo, ji duoj
bs hgkbgsokbgtb
hgkbgsokbgtb hgtbrbsogtb
hgtbrbsogtb duogmi vhbgb o oÿomhr kïs dèjujos mb
sogarb rilo mb toj kogbro qub hgdrbkbgto bj ghvbj mb ixëabgi bg dirti
bkpi.

Jis pujkigbs  pubmbg bxpogmhrsb pbrkogbgtbkbgtb

Bj jëkhtb mb jo dogmom mb ohrb qub pubmbs tbgbr bg tus pujkigbs


bs girkojkbgtb kïs ojti mb ji qub jo abgtb phdokbgtb drbè. Bs
rbjovokbgtb
rbjovo kbgtb shkpjb kbmhr qub togti pubmbg bxpogmhrsb jis pujkigbs
y pir digshauhbgtb qub dogmom mb ohrb pubmbg digtbgbr. Duogmi
vodëos tus pujkigbs pir dikpjbti y jubai tikos togti ohrb diki
pubmos, bgtigdbs icbgbs ugo kbmhmo mb jo dogmom titoj mb ohrb qub
digbgbg jis pujkigbs. O bsti sb jb jjoko dopodhmom vhtoj (DV) ji qub
girkojkbgtb bs mb = o 2 jhtris. Jo dopodhmom vhtoj bs jo dogmom mb ohrb
qub pubmb sodorsb dig fubrzo mbspuès mb ugo kïxhko hgeojodhôg. Bs
jo ughmom qub dig frbdubgdho sb rbbrb diki digbxhôg dig kbmhmos
pujkigorbs.
Mbspuès mb ugo bxeojodhôg girkoj ugo arog dogmom mb ohrb
pbrkogbdb oug bg jis pujkigbs o jo duoj sb jb jjoko dopodhmom rbshmuoj
fugdhigoj (DSF) sh jubai sodos dig fubrzo togti ohrb diki tb sbo pishcjb,
micjogmi y prbshigogmi tü bstôkoai y mhofroako, ugo pbqubÿo
dogmom mb ohrb o tèrkhgi mbj vijukbg rbshmuoj (VS) oug pbrkogbdbrï
bg jis pujkigbs. Jis pujkigbs pubmbg bxpogmhrsb pir kbmi mb
bgtrbgokhbgti y jos portbs colos mb bstis pimrëog bxtbgmbrsb chbg o ji
jorai mb jo bspojmo.
Th oÿombs jo dopodhmom vhtoj oj vijukbg rbshmuoj (DV + VS) icbgbs jo
dopodhmom pujkigor titoj (DP]) jo duoj girkojkbgtb bs mb 2 o 1 jhtris.
Diki sb mhli ogtbrhirkbgtb
ogtbrhirkbgtb ojaugis cuzis
c uzis jhcrbs bkpjbog ug kètimi
bspbdhoj poro bkpodor bj ohrb migmb sb uso jo jbgauo diki phstôg. Bs
bgtigdbs pishcjb cikcbor oug kïs ohrb o jis pujkigbs mb kogbro qub
sb hgdrbkbgtb bj titoj mb jo dopodhmom pujkigor. Bs tokchèg pishcjb
vodhor tus pujkigbs kïs ojjï mbj vijukbg rbshmuoj oj hgvbrr bsto tèdghdo
(‚bkpodomi
(‚bk podomi gbaovi‛) mbspuès mb ugo kïxhko bxeojodhôg.

Jis pujkigbs pubmbg bxpogmhrsb pir kbmhi mb bgtrbgokhbgti y jos portbs


colos mb bstis pimrëog bxtbgmbrsb
bxtbgmbrsb chbg o ji jorai mb jjo
o bspojmo.

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?51


 

Mb odubrmi o khs digidhkhbgtis bsto tèdghdo gi eo shmi mbsdrhto


bg ghgaüg juaor, gh shquhbro bg jos bsdrhturos ovogzomos mb yiao> gi
icstogtb, bj bkpodomi gbaovi shrvb pordujorkbgtb poro omoptor jis
pujkigbs y bj pbdei o jo bgirkb prbshôg qub bj dubrpi bxpbrhkbgto
murogtb bj cudbi prifugmi.
Murogtb ug bstumhi bg jo Rghvbrshmom mb Ooreus bg Mhgokordo kh
dopodhmom pujkigor sb khmhô bg kïs mb ?= jhtris, qub rbprbsbgto
dosh bj micjb mb jo dopodhmom pujkigor girkoj mb ugo pbrsigo mb jo
khsko ojturo. Bsti sb ictuvi oj bkpodor dosh trbs jhtris mb ohrb mbspuès
mb ugo bxeojodhôg kïxhko. Bj ebdei mb bkpodor ohrb digjjbvo o tbgbr
ugo koyir dogmom mb ohrb y pir ji togti ixëabgi bg jis pujkigbs.
Mhdei mb itro kogbro, jo cotbrëo
c otbrëo mbj dubrpi sb oarogmo. Bsti tb pbrkhtb

Vijukbg
Vijukbg rbshmuoj (VS)

Dopodhmom
rbshmuoj fugdthigoj (DSF)

Dopodhmom
Dopodhmom vhtoj (DV)
(DV )
Dopodhmom
pujkigor titoj (DP])

Mhfbrbgtbs vijükbgbs mbj pujkôg y bj bfbdti mb bkpodomi (ïrbo bxtbrhir ozuj) y


bkpodomi gbaovi (ïrbo hgtbrhir ozuj).

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?55


 

sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg pir ug pbrhimi mb bkpi kïs jorai, bj bkpodor


ohrb eo shmi bkpjbomi bg bj cudbi jhcrb bg rbdirms kugmhojbs bg jis
üjkis 2 oÿis, ombkïs, bj bkpodomi jjbvo eodho ug kblirokhbgti
pbrkogbgtb mbj vijukbg pujkigor.
pujkigor. Duogmi jis pujkigbs
p ujkigbs y bj pbdei
p bdei sb
dikprhkbg y sb bxpogmbg kïs ojjï mb jis jëkhtbs girkojbs jo dopodhmom
vhtoj bs tokchèg kbliromo pir ji duoj rbsujto shaghdovi rbojhzor bstb
blbrdhdhi poro jo cubgo sojum murogtb
m urogtb timo jo vhmo. Bxhstb oeiro bvhmbgdho
dhbgdo qub mbrrukco timis jis khtis ogauis mb qub bj vijukbg
pujkigor gi pubmb kblirorsb dig bj bgtrbgokhbgti. Thg bkcorai, bs
bxtrbkomokbgtb hkpirtogtb bgfozor bj ebdei mb qub bj bkpodor ohrb
pubmb sbr pitbgdhojkbgtb pbjharisi. Bg bj pbir mb jis bsdbgorhis, jo
kbkcrogo pujkigor pubmb bstojjor pirqub jo prbshôg bg jis pujkigbs
sb trhpjhdo.
Pir ji togti, bj bkpodor ohrb mbcb üghdokbgtb rbojhzorsb pir abgtb
bxpbrhkbgtomo i coli supbrvhshôg prifbshigoj. Gi bs mhdhj vbr bj
shaghdomi vhtoj qub bgb jo rbsphrodhôg poro timis jis pridbsis mbj
dubrpi. Jis blbkpjis ogtbrhirbs eog mbsdrhti qub jo rbsphrodhôg y
sistbgbr jo khsko bgbg bfbdtis pishvis oj ipkhzor bj mbsbkpbÿi
mbpirvi. Oj khski bkpi, tèdghdos shkhjorbs mb rbsphrodhôg pubmbg
usorsb dig kudeos vbgtolos poro prbvbghr, i sh bj moÿi yo bstï ebdei,
ojhvhor b hgdjusi duror podhbgtbs murogtb bj trotokhbgti. Bs djori pir jis
bxpbrhkbgtis qub jos mhfbrbgtbs tèdghdos mb rbsphrodhôg bgbg kudei
qub ifrbdbr.
ifrbdbr.

SBTPHSODHÔG PIMBSITO ?58


 

Blbrdhdhis

Bg jis shauhbgtbs blbrdhdhis sb bgdubgtrog ojaugis kètimis shkpjbs


pbri kuy bdhbgtbs mb dôki firtojbdbr y kbliror tu rbsphrodhôg y jo
rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo bg tu mhorhi bgtrbgokhbgti. Jis shauhbgtbs sbhs
blbrdhdhis sig bxdbjbgtbs poro bj dojbgtokhbgti yo qub gutrbg y vog
digaurogmi bj dubrpi bgtbri, pordujorkbgtb bj pbdei. Jis prhkbris
duotri blbrdhdhis sb rbojhzog bstogmi poromi y jis üjkis mis khbgtros
bsto sbgtomi.

?) BT]HSOKHB
BT]HSOKHBG]
G]I
I MB PBDEI X EIKCSIT
Dubjao tus crozis o ji jorai mb tu dubrpi y lojo tus eikcris eodho otrïs,

togti
por mbdiki pubmo
sbaugmis murogtb
y jubai jo hgeojodhôg.
druzo tus crozisKogtèg jiso eikcris
mb frbgtb tu dubrpiosë pir ug
khbgtros
qub bxeojos pir dikpjbti
dikpjbti y mblo qub tu pbdei sb rbjolb. Sbphtb bsti mb
dhgdi o mhbz vbdbs bg domo mhrbddhôg.

Bsrokhbgti
Bsrokhbgti mb pbdei y eikcris

BLBSDHDHIT ?84
 

3) OJCO]SIT
OJCO]SIT
Dikhbgzo dig ugo hgeojodhôg prifugmo y bsro tus crozis pir orrhco mb
tu docbzo. Mbspuès mb ugo crbvb pouso bxeojo khbgtros qub vos cologmi
jis crozis. Sbphtb
Sbphtb mb 2 o ?0 vbdbs. Sbojhzo bj blbrdhdhi dig trogquhjhmom y
eoz qub duomrb
d uomrb jo rbsphrodhôg dig jis kivhkhbgtis.
Bgsbauhmo, dikhbgzo dig tus crozis frbgtb o  (jos pojkos ugo frbgtb o

jo itro) yEoz
pubmos. rbsphro
ugo khbgtros qubykubvbs
crbvb pouso tus crozis
kubvb tus crozis
crozi eodhobjotrïs
s eodho ji kïs
frbgtb qubb
murogtb
murogt
jo bxeojodhôg. Sbphtb mb 2 o ?0 vbdbs. Sbojhzo bj blbrdhdhi suovbkbgtb y
qub tu rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg voyo porblo dig tus kivhkhbgtis.
kivhkhbgtis.

 Ojcotris (mis pisturos)

Sbphtb
y rïphmijismbmis
?3blbrdhdhis mbSbojhzo
o 30 vbdbs. orrhco bg u g kivhkhbgti
ug
bj blbrdhdhi usogmiqub uyo,
fubrzo mhgïkhdi
y vbjidhmom,
pbri rbdubrmo qub jo rbsphrodhôg y bj kivhkhbgti mbcbg hr porblis.

4) BT]HSOKHBG]I OJ DHBJI
Bsro ugi mb jis crozis tog ojti pir orrhco mb tu docbzo diki pubmos
khbgtros qub oj khski bkpi hgeojos. Kogtèg bj bsrokhbgti sh bs
pishcjb o (pujkôg jjbgi) mb 2 o ?0 sbaugmis y bxeojo jbgtokbgtb. Oeiro
dokcho oj itri crozi. Sbphtb ?0 vbdbs mb domo jomi. Duogmi colbs bj
dubrpi, bxeojo jbgtokbgtb y dig digtrij. Th pubmbs, pïrotb mb pugtos
poro bsror bj dubrpi dikpjbti.

BLBSDHDHIT ?8=
 

Bsrokhbgti
Bsrokhbgti oj dhbji

=) KRßBDO MB ]SOPI
Hgdjëgotb eodho bj frbgtb micjogmi jhabrokbgtb tus rimhjjos. Mblo qub
croziss subjtis y jhcrbs eosto bj subji. Sbsphro dig dojko y mh ‚oeeeeee‛
crozi
murogtb jo bxeojodhôg. Mblo qub tu dubrpi sb rbjolb, pordujorkbgtb bj
dubjji, jis eikcris, jo quhlomo, jos kblhjjos, jo jbgauo y jis ilis.

Kuÿbdo mb tropi

BLBSDHDHIT ?82
 

Poro jiaror kïxhki firtojbdhkhbgti, bxhchjhmom y murodhôg mb tus


pujkigbs y pbdei, rbdikhbgmi mis blbrdhdhis ‚Pipbyb‛ qub pubmbg
rbojhzorsb dig jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso.

2) PSBTHÔG GO]RSOJ MBJ PBDEI (]OS\ÏG)


Prbshigo fubrtb digtro jis jomis mb tu dolo tirïdhdo, dig jos pojkos mb
jo kogi murogtb jo hgeojodhôg y jo bxeojodhôg. Debdo tu rbsphrodhôg
digstogtbkbgtb
digstogtbkbgtb poro vbr sh pubmbs oprbtor
oprbtor bj ohrb rbkogbgtb
rbkogbgtb y sodorji
mb tus pujkigbs murogtb jo bxeojodhôg. Tistèg tu rbsphrodhôg mb 2 o ?0
sbaugmis bgtrb domo rbsphrodhô
rbsphrodhôg.
g.

]orzïg

6) PSBTHÔG OS]HFHDHOJ MBJ PBDEI (VËCISO)

Okorro dïkoro mb jjogto i duojquhbr itri kotbrhoj pjïsdi ojrbmbmir


mb tu pbdei b hgeojo y bxeojo jbgtokbgtb y dig digtrij. Th bs pishcjb
sistèg tu rbsphrodhôg mb 2 o ?0 sbaugmis bgtrb domo rbsphrodhôg. Th jo

ro mb pjïsdi
küsdujis bstï
mbj ocmikbg
ocm okorromo
ikbg ojrbmbmir
y bj mhofroako bg mbj pbdei,. sb firtojbdbrïg jis
pordujor.
pordujor

Vëciro

BLBSDHDHIT ?86
 

1) SH]KI X PSIPISDHÔG MBJ BG]SBGOKHBG]I


BG ]SBGOKHBG]I
Bstb pi mb blbrdhdhi bs mhvbrmi y fïdhjkbgtb opjhdocjb o itris pis mb
blbrdhdhis diki sig dokhgor, dirrbr, gomor, ogmor bg chdhdjbto, jbvogtor
pbsos i duojquhbr itri blbrdhdhi. Duojquhbro qub sbo bj gükbri mb
vbdbs ô jis posis qub shaos, jos rbpbdhigbs ô sbaugmis, bj pugti bs
qub bg èstb blbrdhdhi bg pripirdhôg opjhqubs jo hgeojodhôg, sistbgbr jo
rbsphrodhôg,
rbsphrodhô g, y jo hgeojodhôg.
Th bstïs dirrhbgmi pimrëos hgtbgtor ugo pripirdhôg mb 3<3<=, bs
mbdhr, mis posis poro hgeojor, mis posis poro sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg y
gojkbgtb mis posis poro bxeojor.
]okchèg pimrëos bkpjbor ugo pripirdhôg mb 3<=<3, 3<=<5 btd., ô
hgtbgtor dikchgodhigbs dikpjbtokbgtb mhfbrbgtbs.
mhfbrbgtbs. Bgdubgtro tu priphi
rhtki bg bj duoj gi tb shbgtos bxeousti, b hgdrbkègtoji jbgtokbgtb mb
sbkogo o sbkogo.
Jis blbrdhdhis proddog bj digtrij mb jo rbsphrodhôg. ]b eorïg rbsphror
kïs fïdhjkbgtb
fïdhjkbgtb y pubmbg dokchor jo tijbrogdho
tijbrogdho mb dubrpi poro color bj
ghvbj mb ixëabgi y bjbvor jis ghvbjbs mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi.

BLBSDHDHIT ?81
 

Sbsphroôg tbropèudo
 

Thègtbtb chbg kïs rïphmi

Rgo vhmo jorao y sojumocjb

Gubstro sojum bstï mbtbrkhgomo bg arog kbmhmo pir jo kogbro bg


dôki rbsphrokis y duïgti rbsphrokis. Kudeos bgfbrkbmombs pimrëog
bvhtorsb, sh tog sôji rbsphrïsbkis ombduomokbgtb. O prhkbro vhsto, jo
hmbo mb qub tu rbsphrodhôg bstï
bstï jhaomo o sh bgbs prbshôg ojto, gbukigëo,
mbprbshôg, bstrès ô hgdjusi ug mijir mb docbzo pubmb porbdbr ug pidi
bxdègtrhdi, pbri oduèrmotb qub jo rbsphrodhôg ofbdto mhrbdtokbgtb
tu shstbko dhrdujotirhi, pir blbkpji, tus pujkigbs, tu dirozôg, tus
vosis sogauëgbis y tu shstbko jhgfïdi> jo mhabsôg, jo primuddhôg mb
eirkigos, jis gbrvhis, hgdjusi tus pbgsokhbgtis y tus bkidhigbs. Vhsti
mb bsto kogbro, gi bs mhdhj bgtbgmbr qub jo kblir firko mb bstor
sojumocjb bs duhmor mb tu rbsphrodhôg, bgtrbgorjo y bstor oj pbgmhbgtb
mb dôki eodbrjo kblir.
kblir. Th gi jb prbstos duhmomi o tu rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg i gi jo
usos ombduomokbgtb, pubmb tbgbr digsbdubgdhos sbvbros.

‚Oqubjjis qub gi sb tikog bj bkpi poro bstor sojumocjbs,


oj goj tbgmrïg qub tikïrsbji poro bstor bgfbrkis‛.
LOKBT DEOPPBJJ

Bsto dhto bstï sustbgtomo pir ug arog bstumhi kèmhdi jjokomi ‚]eb
Frokhgaeok Ebort Ttumy‛
Ttumy ‛, bs mbdhr Bstumhi mbj Dirozôg mb Frokhgaeok.
Bstb bstumhi sb hghdhô bg ?8=5 bg Frokhgaeok, Kossodeusbs. Kïs mb
2000 sulbtis omujtis mb jo Dhumom mb Frokhgaeok fubrig fubrig sbjbddhigomis,
y bj bstumhi oüg diggüo eiy
e iy bg mëo, dig jo tbrdbro abgbrodhôg
abgbrodhôg (jis ghbtis
mb jis sulbtis irhahgojbs) mb pordhpogtbs. Bj prhgdhpoj iclbvi, eo shmi
hmbgdor jis fodtirbs qub eog jjbvomi o bgfbrkbmombs dormhivosdujorbs
pir kbmhi mb kightirbor o jis sulbtis pir ug jorai pbrhimi mb bkpi
mb bstumhi.
O timis jis sulbtis sb jbs ehzi ugo bxokbg dikpjbti y bxeousvi domo
tbrdbr oÿi (khmhbgmi prbshôg ortbrhoj, ozüdor bg jo sogarb, dijbstbrij,
pujsi, vijukbg pujkigor, btd.), sb mbtbrkhgô su bstomi shdi y pir
kbmhi mb ugo bgtrbvhsto tokchèg su bsji mb vhmo (mhbto, eïchtis mb
fukor, blbrdhdhi, btd.) ombkïs mb jis bxïkbgbs shdis. Bj prhkbr arupi
mb digdjushigbs oporbdhbrig mbspuès mb jis prhkbris 30 oÿis mb bstumhi

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 30?


 

y kistrô qub bj vijukbg pujkigor y su dopodhmom vhtoj (DV), fub bj


kblir porïkbtri oportb mb jo bmom poro prbmbdhr duogmi sb bgfbrkorï
i kirhrï bj sulbti bg icsbrvodhôg. Jo dopodhmom vhtoj mbdjhgo kudei
kude i dig
jo bmom, y jo rbjodhôg bgtrb jo dopodhmom vhtoj y jo kirtojhmom sb rbjodhigo
o jo hgvbrso, khbgtros kïs pbqubÿo jo dopodhmom vhtoj, kïs dirti sbrï tu
bkpi mb vhmo.

2
    )
   s
   i
   r
   t =
    h
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    (
    V
    D
  -
    j 4
   o
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    h
   v
 
    m
Eikcrbs
   o
    m
    h
3
   d
   o
   p
   o Kulbrbs
    D
?

0 Bmom (oÿis)

40 =0 20 60 10 50
Jo dopodhmom vhtoj mb jis pujkigbs diggüo bg mbdjhvb dig jo bmom.

Eocjor odbrdo mb jo osidhodhôg bgtrb jo bgfbrkbmom y jo rbsphrodhôg bs


kuy porbdhmi o mhsdur ¹_uhèg fub prhkbri
p rhkbri,, bj eubvi i jo aojjhgo9 ¹]b
¹]b eos
bgfbrkomi pirqub rbsphros hgdirrbdtokbgtb i rbsphros hgdirrbdtokbg
hgdirrbdtokbgtb tb
pir qub bstos bgfbrki9 Thg bkcorai, gi eoy mumo odbrdo mbj ebdei mb
rbsphror bfbdvokbgtb
bfbdvokbgtb kujpjhdorï bg tu dubrpi tu shstbko hgkugb y tb
oyumorï o bvhtor ug gukbri mb bgfbrkbmombs y sëgtikos gi pjodbgtbris.
Bg pbrsigos sojumocjbs, jos bgfbrkbmombs sig dig frbdubgdho
dousomos mbchmi o jis küsdujis rëahmis i mbchjhtomis bg bj kbdoghski
mb rbsphrodhôg. Bj khski fbgôkbgi pubmb icsbrvorsb bg hgmhvhmuis qub
sb eog riti bj crozi y ji bgbg bgybsomi mb = o 6 sbkogos. Jis küsdujis
mbj crozi sb vijvbrïg kïs pbqubÿis y kïs mèchjbs y jis jhaokbgtis mbj
crozi sb vijvbrïg kïs rëahmis. Mb kogbro shkhjor, sh jis küsdujis mb
jo portb supbrhir mb tu dubrpi gi sb kogbgbg odvis, jo dopodhmom
mb rbsphrodhôg mb tus pujkigbs sb rbmudhrï shaghdovokbgtb. Mb
jo khsko kogbro tu shstbko gbrvhisi sb prbvbgmrï mb jo rbsphrodhôg
bdhbgtb, pordujorkbgtb sh bj rbaujomir dbgtroj mb jo rbsphrodhôg mbj
dbrbcri eo shmi priarokomi hgdirrbdtokbgtb
hgdirrbdtokbgtb mbspuès mb vorhis oÿis mb
‚ocusi‛, yo sbo pir ugo rbsphrodhôg hgdirrbdto i ugo fugdhôg pujkigor
rbmudhmo, jo digsbdubgdho sbrï qub kudeos bgfbrkbmombs sbdugmorhos
sb prbsbgtorïg.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 303


 

Jo pbrdbpdhôg mb jo sojum

Bxhstb ugo arog mhfbrbgdho ehstôrhdo y dujturoj bgtrb jis trotokhbgtis


kimbrgis y jis tromhdhigojbs poro jo sojum. O pbsor mbj rïphmi mbsorrijji
tbdgijôahdi, bj trotokhbgti kbmhdi kimbrgi sb bgdubgtro otiromi bg
ug pbgsokhbgti muoj, bg jo duoj jo kbgtb bs sbporomo mbj dubrpi, ug
kimi mb pbgsor oj duoj sb jb pubmb mor ug sbauhkhbgti o trovès mb
jo ehstirho dig arogmbs pbgsomirbs diki Jidnb y Mbsdortbs b hgdjusi
kïs otrïs dig Orhstôtbjbs y Pjotôg bg jo ogauo Arbdho. Thg bkcorai
o kbmhomis mbj ?500 jis jôsifis y jis shôjiais sb dubsigocog bj
muojhski mb jos tbirëos mbj pshdôjiai okbrhdogi Qhjjhok Lokbs odbrdo
mb jo pshqub qub fubrig pucjhdomos bg ?580 duogmi jo kbgtb eukogo
gojkbgtb sb bgdigtrô dig bj dbrbcri y bj rbsti mbj dubrpi> o pbsor
mb bstb pbgsokhbgti, jo kbmhdhgo tromhdhigoj iddhmbgtoj diggüo
shbgmi rbodvo, y gi priodvo. Bg itros pojocros troto jis sëgtikos,
pbri gi jos dousos, jis mhoagôsdis dig frbdubgdho sb digshmbrog diki
fbgôkbgis shdis mhsgtis y mb odubrmi o bsi sb trotog. Bg ipishdhôg
o jos tromhdhigbs kèmhdos mb jo dujturo iddhmbgtoj, jo jisio y jo vhshôg
mbj eikcrb bg bj Osho bs kïs eijësdo. Bsti bs bvhmbgtb pir blbkpji, bg
jo dhbgdho hgmho mb Oy urvbmo, qub oshago ug popbj drudhoj o jo hgtbroddhôg
 Oyurvbmo
bgtrb ugo mhbto sojumocjb y ug bsji mb vhmo odvi. Ji khski opjhdo oj
yiao bg migmb bj bgfiqub
b gfiqub bs bg jo rbsphrodhôg.
rbsphrodhôg.

‚Bs kblir Prbvbghr qub Duror‛

Bg jo dujturo Dehgo bxhstb ugo vhshôg eijësdo shkhjor mb sojum y


bgfbrkbmom, bg migmb bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb sb digbdtog, pir blbkpji,
dig jo kbmhtodhôg y jo odupugturo. Kb eog mhdei qub o jis midtirbs bg
jo ogauo dehgo gi jbs poaocog mb odubrmi oj gükbri mb podhbgtbs qub
trotocog, shgi pir bj gükbri mb podhbgtbs qub kogtbgëog sogis. ]]oj oj vbz
bstb sbo ug bgfiqub hgtbrbsogtb mb omiptor bg gubstro
gu bstro sidhbmom.
Khbgtros kïs mbtojjbs mb jos fugdhigbs mbj dubrpi y mb jo kbgtb
qub mbsdrhcb jo dhbgdho kimbrgo, kïs fosdhgomi qubmi dig rbspbdti oj
chbgbstor mbj digidhkhbgti qub rbshmb bsdigmhmi bg jo sochmurëo mbj Osho
ogauo. Bgtbgmbr bj vëgduji bgtrb jo kbgtb y bj ojko osë diki bj ughvbrsi
qub gis rimbo bs hkprbshigogtb, y o timis, togti prifbshighstos diki
oj pücjhdi bg abgbroj jbs rbdikhbgmi qub jbog jos ogauos bsdrhturos mb
jo Hgmho.
Eosto oquë mhculi ugo jëgbo kuy mbjaomo bgtrb jo dhbgdho kimbrgo
y jos tromhdhigbs oshïdos. Thg bkcorai, pbrkëtbkb sbÿojor qub gi
digshmbri üghdokbgtb o jos dhbgdhos iddhmbgtojbs mb jo sojum kimbrgo,

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 304


 

diki kbdïghdos y rëahmos, osë diki tokpidi vbi irbs mb jiti risos
bgfrbgtb mb kh ili hgtbrhir domo vbz qub phbgsi odbrdo mb jos tromhdhigbs
Oshïdos. Pbri duogmi ji kblir mb mis kugmis sb fugmb bg shkchishs,
drbi qub tog siji pimbkis cbgbdhorgis mb su primudti.
Ofirtugomokbgtb, shbgti ugo opbrturo gubvo y koyir o jis ospbdtis
mb jo sojum mb dujturos gi iddhmbgtojbs, y ug gükbri mb bstumhis
kèmhdis y chijôahdis qub eog vojhmomi bj bgfiqub oshïdi eijësdi
bg oÿis rbdhbgtbs. Rg cubg blbkpji bs jo odupugturo, o jo duoj sb jb
tikoco pir vumü eodb siji 30 oÿis pir jis shôjiais iddhmbgtojbs, pbri
eiy bg mëo bs odbptomo y opjhdomo bg ug okpjhi rogai mb trotokhbgtis
qub rbojhzog midtirbs, mbgstos y shitbropbutos. Jos tèdghdos mb
rbjolodhôg tojbs diki drbor digdhbgdho y itros firkos mb jo kbmhtodhôg
qub gis eog hguhmi, sig diki ugo igmo mb chbgbstor vbrmombri, ji
duoj bs pishcjbkbgtb tog ofirtugomi diki mbsbomi. Mbgtri mb bsto
khsko igmo surabg odvhmombs tojbs diki bj Phjotbs, yiao, ougqub
mbsofirtugomokbgtb orrostrog jo dorao mb jis 50½s y 80½s duogmi sb
bgfidocog üghdokbgtb bg bstor bg firko y bg bj shdi-dujturhski.
Thg bkcorai, o pbsor mb togtis gubvis jiaris y pishvos tbgmbgdhos,
bj bgfiqub bg bj duoj sb ugbg bj dubrpi, bj dbrbcri, bj dirozôg, lugti
dig jo rbsphrodhôg, shaub fojtogmi,
fojtogmi, pbri bstï okogbdhbgmi poro gisitris
yo qub bstokis vijvhègmigis kblirbs oj bsdudeor o gubstri bgtirgi
y jo rbsphrodhôg mb jo goturojbzo. Jis kètimis ogauis, tojbs diki bj
toh deë   y bj qh aiga  bstïg aogogmi tbrrbgi bg jo sidhbmom kimbrgo.
Gbdbshtokis vijvbrgis kblirbs poro bsdudeorgis o gisitris khski y
jjbgor jis pujkigbs dig ixëabgi rbvhtojhzomir y bgbraëo rhdo bg progo
khbgtros kïs ohrb hgeojbkis kïs bgbraëo y vhmo aogokis. Ojai priphi
mb kbgdhigor bs, qub bj deh  y  y bj qh  sig
 sig shgôghkis mb jo pojocro progo, jo
bgbraëo mb timos jos disos.

Rgo rbsphrodhôg sogo y bdhbgtb gis kogtbgmrï bg firko y eorï qub


gis rbdupbrbkis kïs rïphmi mb gubstros bgfbrkbmombs.
bgfbrkbmombs. Jo rbsphrodhôg
bs aros y pubmb sbr usomo bg duojquhbr digtbxti. Jos tèdghdos mb jo
rbsphrodhôg sb bkpjbog bg jis eisphtojbs mb kotbrghmom, pbri gi bs qub
üghdokbgtb sbo bsbgdhoj jo rbsphrodhôg bdhbgtb murogtb bj godhkhbgti,
bs tokchèg bsbgdhoj poro kogtbgbr jo vhmo. Eosto migmb sè jos tèdghdos
mb rbsphrodhôg sb bkpjbog üghdokbgtb mb kogbro pbrhfèrhdo bg bj
duhmomi mb jo sojum kimbrgi, pir blbkpji pir shitbropbutos y djëghdos

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 30=


 

bspbdhojbs mb bphjbpsho, pbri bgbg ug bgirkb pitbgdhoj tbropèudi bg


kudeis dokpis.
Th jis midtirbs, bgfbrkbros, shitbropbutos
shitbropbutos y itris trocolomirbs mb jo
sojum tuvhbsbg ug kblir bgtbgmhkhbgti mb jos kudeos pishchjhmombs qub
ifrbdbg jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg oj proddorsb opriphomokbgt
opriphomokbgtb,
b, èstis
sbrëog dopodbs mb hkpjbkbgtor priarokos
priarokos poro podhbgtbs o quhbgbs sb
jbs opjhqub mb kogbro pbrsigojhzomo y dirrbdto ug trotokhbgti sbaüg
dirrbspigmo o jos bgfbrkbmombs y gbdbshmombs mbj podhbgtb. Bs icvhi
qub bsti rbquhbrb mb bkpi y bsfubrzi, pbri drbi qub bs mb sbgmi
diküg y bdigôkhdokbgtb vhocjb o jorai pjozi.

Prbvbgdhôg mb bgfbrkbmombs

Bs hkpirtogtb poro kë bgfozor qub gi digshmbri jo rbsphrodhôg ugo


kïahdo duro qub dig vorhto kïahdo quhtorï timo djosb mb bgfbrkbmombs
i durorï duojquhbr diso mb sbrhbmom. Thg bkcorai, së drbi qub
ugo rbsphrodhôg bfbdvo pubmb ojhvhor, ojhabror, b hgdjusi prbvbghr
bgfbrkbmombs bg kudeos shtuodhigbs.

‚O trovès mb jo prïddo mbj progoyoko timos jos bgfbrkbmombs sig


brromhdomos. O trovès mb prïddos hkpriphos timos
jos bgfbrkbmombs pubmbg surahr‛.
surahr‛.
EO]EO XIAO PSOMHPHNO

Kudeis bstïg fokhjhorhzomis dig jos digsbdubgdhos omvbrsos qub


odorrbo ugo tèdghdo picrb mb rbsphrodhôg, khbgtros qub kuy pidis
bstïg digsdhbgtbs mb jo rbsphrodhôg bdhbgtb. Bsti bs mbsofirtugomi
bg bspbdhoj, yo qub jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg pubmbg oyumor o jo
abgtb sojumocjb o qub pbrkogbzdog shbgmi sojumocjbs y oyumor o jo
abgtb bgfbrko o kblirorsb kïs rïphmi. Duogmi tb bgdubgtros bgfbrki
y mbchjhtomi, girkojkbgtb bstïs kbgis odvi i shkpjbkbgtb poshvi.
Pordujorkbgtb, bg ji qub rbspbdto o jo digbxhôg bgtrb bgfbrkbmombs
kïs sbrhos y jis podhbgtbs qub dig frbdubgdho bstïg bg doko y pir
digshauhbgtb gi sb kubvbg gomo, ji duoj pubmb jjbvor oj mbdjhvb mbj
dubrpi.
Bj dubrpi eukogi gi sb omopto o yodbr shg kivhkhbgti, y djoris
shagis mb mbtbrhiri sig bvhmbgtbs mbspuès mb pidis mëos mb hgodvhmom.
Bj dirozôg
dirozôg phbrmb su fubrzo,
fubrzo, jis küsdujis sb vubjvbg mèchjbs b hgdjusi
jo phbj dikhbgzo o mbtbrhirorsb. Jis pujkigbs tokchèg phbrmbg su
bjosdhmom bspbdhojkbgtb mbchmi o bgfbrkbmombs qub hgvijudrog

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 302


 

rbtbgdhôg mbj uhmi (bmbko) i mbaromodhôg mb jis ojvbijis toj diki


pujkigbs mb fukomirbs i jo gbukigëo.
Jo rbsphrodhôg bs ugo ebrrokhbgto hmboj poro podhbgtbs mbchjhtomis i
qub bstïg bg doko yo qub ifrbdbg pishchjhmombs hjhkhtomos poro digtro
rbstor jo mbabgbrodhôg
mbabgbrodhôg mbj dubrpi. X jo portb kïs sirprbgmbgtb bs qub jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g bsto shbkprb o jo kogi. Dig shkpjbs blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg
duojquhbro pubmb rbojhzor bj dhrduhti, bxhchjhmom y bgtrbgokhbgti
dormhivosdujor.. Dig bsti pubmi mbdhr qub jo koyirëo
dormhivosdujor koyirëo mb jis küsdujis bg
tu portb supbrhir mbj dubrpi sb odvorog y bsrorïg. Ji khski opjhdo
oj mhofroako, qub bs bj küsduji mb cikcbi dbgtroj rbspigsocjb mb jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g bdhbgtb.
Duogmi proddos jo rbsphrodhôg, jis pujkigbs sb bsrog khbgtros
qub bj pbdei sb vubjvb kïs bjïsdi y pir digshauhbgtb jo rbsphrodhôg
sb vubjvb kïs bfbdvo. _uhbrb mbdhr qub sb vubjvb kïs bdigôkhdo
y khghkhzo jo dogmom mb ixëabgi qub sb rbquhbrb poro rbsphror. Bj
ixëabgi qub sb oeirro pubmb bgtigdbs usorsb bg duojquhbr portb mbj
dubrpi bg migmb kïs sb gbdbshtb, poro dikcor jo hgokodhôg u
itros digmhdhigbs. Bgtrbgor tu rbsphrodhôg rbdurrbgtbkbgtb tb eorï
bstor kïs bg firko, pirqub oj bjbvorsb jo frbdubgdho rbsphrotirho sb
bjbvorï bj pujsi, y sb hgdrbkbgtoro bj uli mb sogarb bg bj dbrbcri, pir
digshauhbgtb sb blbrdhtorï y firtojbdbrï tu dirozôg. ]imi bsti sb pubmb
jiaror shg kivbrsb ugo pujaomo. ]okchèg bskujorï o timis jis ôraogis
hgtbrgis ji qub prikivbr
prikivbrïï o jo cubgo mhabsôg, y bgtigdbs jhkphorï
jhkphorï y
drborï ug bquhjhcrhi qub tb rbvhtojhzor
rbvhtojhzorï.
ï.
Bj üghdi blbrdhdhi mb rbsphrodhôg qub digizdi sb proddo bg eisphtojbs
mogbsbs bs bj jjokomi uli PBBP.
PBBP. Bstb kètimi sb bkpjbo prhgdhpojkbgtb
poro podhbgtbs dig bgfbrkbmombs pujkigorbs. Bj podhbgtb sipjo ohrb o
trovès mb ug pbqubÿi tuci mb kogbro qub hgdrbkbgto su rbshstbgdho
oj ohrb. Bsti jjbvo o ug hgdrbkbgti bg jo prbshôg pujkigor hgtbrgo y
jubai o jo tbgdhôg mb ixëabgi> ombkïs, oyumo o firtojbdbr jis küsdujis
rbsphrotirhis.
rbsphro tirhis. Bg bfbdti, jis ojvbijis pbqubÿis jjbgis mb ohrb sb bxpogmbg
y kïs ixëabgi pubmb sbr ocsirchmi eodho jo dirrhbgtb sogauëgbo.
Rgo kïsdoro DPOP pir sus shajos bg hgajès (PPDVO) qub shaghdo
prbshôg pishvo digguo bg jo vëo oèrbo bgb bj khski bfbdti. Privbb
mb ugo pbqubÿo prbshôg pishvo bg jos vëos oèrbos. Jos khskos tèdghdo
diki jo mb PBBP y DPOP sig ujhzomos pir jis cuzis jhcrbs duogmi
sb prbporog poro bj cudbi. O bsto tèdghdo sb jb jjoko ‚rbsphrodhôg mb
purao‛ y sb drbo rbshstbgdho oj ohrb usogmi jo jbgauo, dbrrogmi jis jochis
ô dijidogmi ug mbmi sicrb jo cido oj kikbgti mb jo bxeojodhôg. Bsti bs
sôji ug blbkpji mb dôki jo rbsphrodhôg sb pubmb shkpjhdor shg bfbdti
dikprikbtbmir.. Jo tèdghdo bvhto bj usi mb ug ortbfodti y bs kuy prïddo
dikprikbtbmir

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 306


 

y oddbshcjb murogtb jo eisphtojhzodhôg, osë diki fubro mbj eisphtoj.


Jo odvodhôg mb timi bj shstbko gbrvhisi bs tokchèg hkpirtogtb, y
bj hgdrbëcjb b hgkbmhoti bfbdti mb jo rbsphrodhôg bg bj bstomi kbgtoj bs
toj vbz bj fodtir kïs hkpirtogtb. Kïs oüg, jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg
pubmbg crhgmor ugo odvhmom shaghdovo poro podhbgtbs qub bstïg
bg doko, jo duoj pubmb rbojhzorsb bg duojquhbr kikbgti y rikpbr jo
kigitigëo mb jo eisphtojhzodhôg.
Tbrëo mb cbgbdhi mor ugo bxpjhdodhôg abgbroj, mb dôki y pirquè
vorhos tèdghdos mb rbsphrodhôg pimrëog cbgbdhor murogtb
murogtb ug dursi
dursi i
trotokhbgti. ]okchèg bs mb rbjbvogdho vbr kïs mb dbrdo diki rboddhigo
bj dubrpi shdo y kbgtojkbgtb o jis mhfbrbgtbs blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg.

Rso tu gorhz!

Eb bgfozomi rbpbmokbgtb jo hkpirtogdho mb rbsphror o trovès mb jo


gorhz. Bsti opjhdo o timis, bg timos portbs y bg duojquhbr kikbgti.
Bxhstbg gukbrisos rozigbs poro bsti, pbri bgsbauhmo tbgbkis ugo
bxpjhdodhôg shijôahdo kuy togahcjb.
Eodb mis oÿis bg Tubdho ug bxpbrhkbgti shkpjb pbri hgabghisi sb
jjbvô o doci. Tb mbsducrhô qub jo jo sogarb sb ixhabgo
ixhabgo mb ?0 o ?2 pir
dhbgti kïs duogmi rbsphros o trovès mb jo gorhz bg dikporodhôg mb
duogmi rbsphros
rbsphros pir jo cido. Jo bxpjhdodhôg sb mbcb o jo jhcbrodhôg mb
ôxhmi mb ghtrôabgi (GI) mb jis sbgis gosojbs qub bstïg bg digtodti dig
jo dovhmom gosoj o trovès mb pbqubÿis irhdhis.
Duogmi rbsphros o trovès mb tu gorhz, bj GI uyb dig bj ohrb qub sb
hgeojo eodho jis pujkigbs bg migmb jis vosis sogauëgbis mbj ojvbiji
sb bxpogmbg. Bsti pbrkhtb qub ug koyir vijukbg mb sogarb posb, mb
kogbro qub kïs ixëabgi pubmb bgtror. Duogmi bj ôxhmi mb ghtrôabgi
sb jb mhi o oqubjjis quhbgbs rbsphrocog o trovès mb jo cido, sb rbahstrô
bj khski bfbdti. Bsti kistrô
kistrô qub bs vbrmombrokbgtb
vbrmombrokbgtb bj GI bj qub eodb
qub sb bjbvb hgtbgsokbgtb bj ghvbj mb ixhabgodhôg.
Bs pricjbkïdi duogmi jo abgtb rbsphro o trovès mb ug rbsphromir,
qub bgb ug tuci bgdolomi mhrbdti
mhrbdti o jo trïqubo, pirqub jo gorhz bs
ug cyposs. Bg bj bstumhi ugo shkpjb cikco deupo bj ohrb pir ugo mb
jos gorhgos mbj podhbgtb y ji kbzdjo dig bj ohrb mbj rbsphromir, ji duoj
hgdrbkbgto jo ixhabgodhôg mb jo sogarb mbj ?0 oj 30 pir dhbgti.
Bstb bstumhi orko jo hkpirtogdho qub bgb jo rbsphrodhôg o trovès
mb jo gorhz, pbri bs tokchèg ug ebrkisi blbkpji mb ji fïdhj y coroti
qub pubmb sbr ug trotokhbgti bstïgmor qub pubmb sbr kimhdomi y
kbliromi. Osë khski hjustro qub bj trotokhbgti dig ohrb u ixëabgi puri

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 301


 

gi shbkprb bs jo kblir sijudhôg. Jo sochmurëo bg bj trotokhbgti, gi bs


siji qub jis podhbgtbs usbg bj rbsphromir, ji qub pubmb cbgbdhorjis oj
usor jos dopodhmombs mbj GI poro mhjotor jis vosis sogauëgbis. ]okchèg
opjhdo poro podhbgtbs qub sufrbg mb sbrhos bgfbrkbmombs drôghdos,
tojbs diki ojto prbshôg (ehpbrtbgshôg), dikpjhdodhigbs pujkigorbs,
bgfbrkbmombs dormhodi-vosdujor
dormhodi-vosdujorbs
bs ô oqubjjis qub
qu b eog sufrhmi ug
u g otoqub
dormhodi i dbrbcroj.
Bj GI bs tokchèg ugi mb jis hgarbmhbgtbs odvis bg jo ghtri-ajhdbrhgo,
jo duoj bs ujhzomo diki ugo kbmhdhgo poro bj dirozôg, pirqub douso
qub jis vosis sogauëgbis mbj dirozôg
dirozôg sb rbjolbg y sb bxpogmog.
Pubmbs bstor fokhjhorhzomi dig bj ebdei mb qub jis podhbgtbs
mbj dirozôg, sh sb shbgtbg bgfbrkis pubmbg pigbr ugo pëjmiro mb
ghtriajhdbrhgo mbcoli mb su jbgauo, pirqub bstb dikpubsti bgtro
rïphmokbgtb o jo dirrhbgtb sogauëgbo o trovès mb jo kudiso. Gi tbgai
hmbo mbsmb eodb duïgti bkpi èstb pridbmhkhbgti bxhstb bxhstb bg Iddhmbgtb,
pbri sè qub fub mbsdrhti bg jo kbmhdhgo dehgo eodb ?,000 oÿis. Bsto
rbdbto fub mbsduchbrto bg ugo dubvo Cumhsto bg Mugeuoga, y ojaugos mb
jos hgsdrhpdhigbs mbdëog< ‚Pigbrjos coli jo jbgauo douso qub bj ‚qh‛ mbj
dirozôg uyo jhcrbkbgtb‛. Poro bj trotokhbgti mb sëgtikos, tojbs diki
‚digvujshigbs‛, mijirbs oaumis mbj dirozôg, bj bgfrhokhbgti mb kogis
y phbs, jis duojbs pubmbg kotor oj podhbgtb bg ug hgstogtb. Bsti bs ugo
duro sbauro. Gôtbsb qub jos hgsdrhpdhigbs usog bj tèrkhgi ‚qh‛ qub diki
ebkis mbstodomi ogtbs bs hmègdi oj digdbpti hgmhi mbj progo> bgbraëo
mb vhmo, bj pimbr mbj ughvbrsi. Oquë jo bxprbshôg sb uso mbgtri mb ug
digtbxti kuy bspbdëdi, y dicro sbgmi yo qub bj ‚qh‛ jb pbrkhtb oj
podhbgtb mb bgfbrkbmombs tbrkhgojbs vijvbr o ictbgbr vhtojhmom. Bsti bs
bj blbkpji pbrfbdti
pbrfbdti mbj Irhbgtb qub sb bgdubgtro digdig bj Iddhmbgtb bg
bj vbrmombri
vbrmombri bspërhtu mbj yiao ¡hgdjusi sh
sh sb jjbvosb ?,000 oÿis digstruhr
bstb pubgtb!
Ombkïs, mbcb kbgdhigorsb tokchèg qub bj GI, bs mbdhr bj ôxhmi mb
ghtrôabgi bgb kudeis itris bfbdtis
bfbdtis cbgèdis. ]hbgb ug fubrtb bfbdti
og-codtbrho y pubmb bjhkhgor togti codtbrhos diki vhrus. Mb ebdei,
bstumhis eog mbkistromi qub bj ôxhmi ghtrôabgi bjhkhgo dig èxhti jo
codtbrho mbj Tojkigbjjo  y Tehabjjo, osë diki itros codtbrhos, qub dig
frbdubgdho ofbdtog o itris podhbgtbs dig bgfbrkbmombs pujkigorbs
dousomos pir fukor ô pir crishs dësdo. Bgtigdbs, bj bfbdti gi sb
jhkhto siji o kbliror jo ixhabgodhôg mb jo sogarb, shgi qub bj shstbko
hgkugijôahdi sb firtojbdb tokchèg.
Kïs oüg, bj GI bgb ugo priphbmom sirprbgmbgtb, jo duoj rbmudb bj
digsuki mb ixëabgi bg jos dèjujos shg dikprikbtbr jo primuddhôg titoj
mb bgbraëo. Bsto duojhmom tog pbdujhor bs icvhokbgtb mb cbgbdhi poro

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 305


 

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 308


 

timis, pbri pordujorkbgtb poro jo abgtb qub bstï bgfbrko y gbdbshto


ipkhzor jo ujhzodhôg mbj ixëabgi mb duojquhbr kogbro qub sb digdhco
poro sogor kïs rïphmokbgtb.

Prbsdrhpdhôg mbj progoy


progoyoko
oko

Eiy bg mëo bs dikpjbtokbgtb jbaëki qub jis midtirbs prbsdrhcog


blbrdhdhi shdi o sus podhbgtbs. Bsti bs ugo crhjjogtb hghdhovo, pbri
tokchèg ugo phdo kogbro mb pbgsor, bs mbdhr, qub bj blbrdhdhi siji
pubmb eodbrtb chbg. Gi bs gbdbsorhokbgtb bj dosi, pirqub sh bj blbrdhdhi
qub sb rbdikbgmô gi bs bj dirrbdti, y sh jo ‚mishs‛ bs hgopriphomo, bj
blbrdhdhi pubmb eodbr kïs moÿi qub chbg, yo sbo bstrbsogmi bj dubrpi
shdokbgtb i shbgmi shkpjbkbgtb ugo diso kïs qub eodbr bg ug mëo
idupomi y oahtomi.
Bj blbrdhdhi gi bs shbkprb jo rbdbto opriphomo poro digtrijor bj pbsi.
Bj sicrb-pbsi y jo icbshmom bs bg arog kbmhmo dousomo pir pricjbkos
pbrsigojbs,
kojis abgbs,ebrbgdho
o pbsor sidhoj
mb quby kudeos
kojis eïchtis kïsdig
pbrsigos chbg qub o douso
frbdubgdho usogmbji
üjki diki bxduso. Frogdokbgtb, drbi qub sbrëo mb kudei cbgbdhi
digshmbror bstb ebdei mb kogbro kïs sbrho. Pir supubsti qub, bj
blbrdhdhi pubmb sbr ugo ebrrokhbgto mb kivodhôg bxdbjbgtb poro
pbrmbr pbsi, pbri drbi qub bs ugo kblir bstrotbaho mbdhr qub quhbrbs
pbrmbr pbsi poro pimbr eodbr blbrdhdhi, y gi oj rbvès. Bsti gis jjoko o
ug dokchi mb odtum dig rbjodhôg o jo vhmo, qub bgb qub vbr dig ji qub
bs ugo rbdbto shgdbro y sojumocjb poro jo vhmo khsko.
Bj bgfiqub mb bstb jhcri rbshmb bg jo rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb y digtrijomo,
qub bs prbdhsokbgtb bj dbgtri mb vorhos tèdghdos qub sb bfbdtüog mbgtri
mb jo mhsdhpjhgo mbj progoyoko. Bsto trocolo rbaujogmi jo rbsphrodhôg, i
sbo jo bgbraëo mb vhmo, bj progo. Ojaugis mb jis blbrdhdhis mbj progoyoko
odtüog jo portb mbj shstbko gbrvhisi qub dojko y sig cbgèdis poro
dikcor bj bstrès y jo foao, khbgtros qub itris blbrdhdhis bskujog jo
portb mbj shstbko gbrvhisi qub sb bstrbso, pir ji togti, sb bgbrahzo y sb
kbliro bj kbtocijhski.
Th jis blbrdhdhis sb dikchgog opriphomokbgtb, pimrïs orkighzor
jos mis portbs ipubstos mbj shstbko gbrvhisi outôgiki, drbogmi ug
kblir cojogdb bg bj dubrpi, osë diki bg jo kbgtb. Bj progoyoko gi
siji hguyb bg bj shstbko gbrvhisi outôgiki, shgi tokchèg bg bj qub
sb bgdubgtro coli bj digtrij mb jo vijugtom, diki sb icsbrvo bg jos
prubcos mb fubrzo qub sb eodbg dig jos kogis. Bstb ospbdti eodb mbj

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 3?0


 

progoyoko ugo ebrrokhbgto icvho mb firtojbdhkhbgti mb jis küsdujis


gbrvhisis trocologmi
trocologmi porbli,
porbli, ji duoj bs pir ji togti ombduomi bg ji
qub sb rbjodhigo o priarokos mb rbeochjhtodhôg, diki sb mbsdrhcb bg
bj bstumhi mb ug dosi, oj goj mb èstb dopëtuji. Mbsofirtugomokbgtb,
jos tèdghdos mbj progoyoko gi sb eog opjhdomi okpjhokbgtb y pir ji
togti, tokpidi sb bkpjbog bg jis trotokhbgtis y duhmomis mb jo sojum.
Bspbri qub bj progoyoko sb pubmo hgtbaror o jos prïddos mb jo sojum
bg bj futuri y qub sbo prbsdrhti pir jis kèmhdis. Vbokis duïjbs sig
jis kbdoghskis shijôahdis qub jo Dhbgdho Kimbrgo eo hmbgdomi
diki portb mbj hkpodti pishvi y pimbrisi mbj progoyoko bg gubstri
iraoghski.
Bj prhkbr kbdoghski mbj progoyoko bs odvor jis pujkigbs y
jubai timi bj shstbko rbsphrotirhi, ji duoj morï diki rbsujtomi bj
firtojbdhkhbgti mbj shstbko dhrdujotirhi, sogauëgbi y jhgfïdi. Rgo
rbsphrodhôg progoyoko prifugmo, jbgto y digtrijomo, sb drbb ofbdto oj
dubrpi o trovès mb rbdbptirbs qub sb bgdubgtrog bg bj tblhmi mb jis
pujkigbs, jis duojbs sig odvomis duogmi jo porbm mbj pujkôg sb
bsro kïs ojjï mb su dopodhmom rbsphrotirho
rbsphrotirho girkoj. Kïs oüg, sb drbb
qub jis rbdbptirbs
rbdbptirbs bg jis küsdujis mbj ocmikbg
ocmikbg y bj mhofroako
mhofroako bstïg
hgvijudromis bg bjji y ofbdtog bj rhtki mb jo rbsphrodhôg, osë diki ji
eodbg jis suovbs küsdujis mb jis pujkigbs. ]okchèg rbdhcb hgubgdho
bj tblhmi dhrdugmogtb digbdtomi o jis pujkigbs, y bj bfbdti titoj bs ug
dokchi bg bj shstbko gbrvhisi outôgiki qub jjbvo o dojkor su portb
poroshkpïdo aogogmi digtrij. Bj rbsujtomi bs ugo mhskhgudhôg mbj
pujsi, jo prbshôg mb jo sogarb y bj digsuki mb ixëabgi. Pricocjbkbgtb
bstïs digsdhbgtb
digsdhbgtb mb ji trogquhjhzogtb y rbjologtb qub bs ug cistbzi
cistbzi jorai
y prifugmi, duogmi bsros tus pujkigbs y mhofroako.
Itris bfbdtis
bfbdtis cbgèdis qub ugo rbsphrodhôg jbgto y prifugmo pubmbg
tbgbr bs bj hgdrbkbgti bg jo sbgshchjhmom mb vorhis rbdbptirbs bg bj
dubrpi, jis duojbs mb itro kogbro, bs mbdhr, shg jo rbsphrodhôg dirrbdto,
mbdobrëog mbchmi o jo bmom, bgfbrkbmombs mbj dirozôg i jo ehpbrtbgshôg.
Kïs oüg, bstb pi mb rbsphrodhôg bgb ug hkpodti fovirocjb bg jo
primuddhôg eirkigoj mbj dubrpi, bj shstbko gbrvhisi y jo rbspubsto
hgkugb. Itri hkpirtogtb y chbg midukbgtomi bfbdti mbj progoyprogoyoko
oko bs
ug dokchi bg jos isdhjodhigbs mbj dbrbcri, abgbrogmi ug koyir aromi
mb rbjolodhôg y chbgbstor.
Jo firtojbzo prhgdhpoj mbj progoyoko,
progoyoko, shg bkcorai,
bkcorai, rbshmb bg bj bfbdti
rbaujotirhi mb jis blbrdhdhis bg su digbxhôg dig bj pujkôg-dirozôg-
dbrbcri, qub gi üghdokbgtb ji bquhjhcro, shgi qub ji shgdrighzo.
Progoyoko bs ugo mhsdhpjhgo kuy dikpjblo, yo qub ofbdto bj dubrpi
o trovès mb timi bj shstbko gbrvhisi y bxodtokbgtb mbchmi o bsto

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 3??


 

ikghpitbgdho bs qub digstuyb ugo icvho ebrrokhbgto tbropèudo, jo


duoj pubmb omoptorsb o bgfbrkbmombs bspbdëdos y o ji qub bj podhbgtb
rbquhbro.
Bj progoyoko eo pricomi sbr pordujorkbgtb bfbdvi bg dosis mb
bgfbrkbmombs qub sb rrbjodhigog
bjodhigog o mbsôrmbgbs kbgtojbs,
kbgtojbs, togti
togti dig
dig jis
ghÿis diki dig jis omujtis, jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg eog mbkistromi
mbkistromi
kbliror jo hgtbjhabgdho, jo dopodhmom mb oprbgmhzolb, bj dikpirtokhbgti
sidhoj y bj pbrj
p brj pshdijôahdi.
Tb hgdrbkbgto bj bstomi mb ojbrto, sb kbliro jo digdbgtrodhôg kbgtoj,
ugo sbgsodhôg mb bstor bg dojko y dig dikpisturo, ugo kblir tijbrogdho
oj bstrès sig tokchèg bfbdtis pishvis mb ugo rbsphrodhôg rbjolomo
y dirrbdto, jo duoj eo shmi usomo bxhtisokbgtb poro trotor o jo abgtb
qub bgb jopsis mb digdbgtrodhôg. Pir ji togti, bj progoyoko bs ugo
ojtbrgovo poro bj trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti mbj trostirgi
trostirgi pir mèdht mb otbgdhôg dig
ehpbrodvhmom (]MOE).
Sbdhbgtbkbgtb sb eo bskomi qub dbrdo mbj 2% mb jis omujtis
okbrhdogis qub bstïg ofbdtomis pir bj ]MOE, pir ji abgbroj gi socbg qub
pombdbg mb bsti. Jis blbrdhdhis mbj progoyoko sb bgfidog bg ugo jorao
rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo y ugo bxeojodhôg jbgto dikchgomo dig mhfbrbgtbs
firkos mb digdbgtrodhôg y kbmhtodhôg qub pricocjbkbgtb sbrëog
bfbdvos poro dikcor bj mbsirmbg. Jo pimbriso odvodhôg mbj gbrvhi
voai pir kbmhi mb jis blbrdhdhis mbj progoyoko> osë diki jo dojko shdo
y kbgtoj qub bsti digjjbvo eo ebdei qub sbo ugo ebrrokhbgto
ebrrokhbgto bxhtiso bg
bj trotokhbgti mb podhbgtbs dig mbprbshôg y poro podhbgtbs qub sufrbg
bstrès pshdijôahdi-sidhoj y bstrès pist-troukïdi. Bsti digdubrmo dig
jo hgvbsaodhôg rbdhbgtb qub hgmhdo qub bj bstrès y jo mbprbshôg bstïg
rbjodhigomis kuy mb dbrdo. Pir ji togti, gi bs mb sirprbgmbrsb qub jo
odvodhôg mb jo portb dojkogtb mbj shstbko gbrvhisi y ugo u go kbliro bg bj
bquhjhcrhi
Ojaugoskbgtoj tbgaog
djëghdos ug bfbdti mogbsos
mb bphjbpsho pishvi. eog bkpjbomi blbrdhdhis
mb rbsphrodhôg diki trotokhbgti prbvbgvi. Bsto bs ugo tbgmbgdho
vbrmombrokbgtb pishvo, qub bspbri kuy prigti sb bxbgmo oj rbsti
mb jis shstbkos mb sojum.
Diki sb mbsdrhchô ogtbrhirkbgtb, ugi mb jis prhgdhpojbs porïkbtris
mbj progoyoko bs jo ofbddhôg qub douso bg bj gbrvhi voai. Jo odvodhôg
mbj voai bg jo portb dojkogtb mbj shstbko gbrvhisi sb eo digidhmi y
usomi bg bj yiao pir vorhis khjbs mb oÿis, shg bkcorai, opbgos eodb
ugo mèdomo qub eo doptomi jo otbgdhôg mb jis kèmhdis mb Iddhmbgtb,
bs kblir tormb qub gugdo. Vbokis dôki bs qub bj gbrvhi voai pubmb
sbrvhr poro pripôshtis tbropèudis.
tbropèudis.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 3?3


 

Jo hkpirtogdho mbj gbrvhi voai

Pir dosh ug shaji, jis gburôjiais eog bstomi digsdhbgtbs mbj ebdei mb qub
ojaugis otoqubs y mbsôrmbgbs dormhodis pubmbg mbtbgbrsb opjhdogmi
prbshôg sicrb jo ortbrho dorômo. Jo prbshôg odvo oj gbrvhi voai qub
sb ybraub bg bj tojji dbrbcroj, bg migmb sb rbaujog bj rhtki dormhodi y
jo rbsphrodhôg. Bgvëo rokhdodhigbs gbrvhisos o jo aoraogto, pujkigbs,
dirozôg y kudeis itris mb jis ôraogis vhsdbrojbs mbj dubrpi. Bstumhis
rbdhbgtbs qub sb rbojhzorig bg oghkojbs eog mbkistromi qub bskujor
oj gbrvhi voai dig bjbdtrhdhmom pubmb rbmudhr jis otoqubs mb bphjbpsho.
Mbsmb ?881 jo bskujodhôg mbj gbrvhi voai (BGV) i bj VGT pir sus shajos
bg hgajès, sb eo usomi bg eukogis.
Bj kètimi bs rbjovokbgtb sbgdhjji y digshstb mb ug pbqubÿi ortbfodti
qub sb hkpjogto bg bj pbdei. Tb bxbgmb ug docjb mbsmb bj ortbfodti
eosto jo aoraogto, migmb bstï bg digtodti mhrbdti dig bj gbrvhi voai.
Oprixhkomokbgtb domo dhgdi khgutis ugo dirrhbgtb mb coli vijtolb sb
digmudb eodho bj gbrvhi, qub jubai kogmo ug kbgsolb oj ïrbo bg jo qub
bj dbrbcri digtrijo bj rhtki rbsphrotirhi,
rbsphrotirhi, bj subÿi, bj bstomi mb ïghki y
jis otoqubs. Bj podhbgtb pubmb hgdjusi odvor bj ortbfodti sh ug otoqub
bstï pir prbsbgtorsb.
Bskujor bj gbrvhi voai eo pricomi sbr ug pori bfbdvi digtro bj
mbsirmbg mb ojhkbgtodhôg cujhkho  (sicrb-ojhkbgtodhôg sbauhmo mb
vôkhti), y pir ji togti ugo ojtbrgovo poro bj trotokhbgti kèmhdi.
Ombkïs, jo bskujodhôg mbj voai porbdb tokchèg tbgbr bfbdtis
cbgèdis bg kulbrbs qub sufrbg mb gousbo murogtb bj bkcorozi, mb
kogbro qub sb bvhtog jis kbmhdokbgtis qub pubmog ofbdtor oj fbti.
Bj hkpjogtb VGT bs ug pbmodhti mb dubrmo qub sb hkpjogto bg bj dubjji
dbrdo mbj gbrvhi voai. Bj dirmigdhti mb kbtoj pubmb sbr digtrijomi
mbsmb ofubro y trocolo coli bj khski prhgdhphi qub sb mbsdrhchô poro jo
bphjbpsho.
Bskujor oj gbrvhi voai bjèdtrhdokbgtb dig dirrhbgtb colo mbsmb
duojquhbr pugti mb vhsto, bs ug bgfiqub kïs abgj qub usor mriaos, pir
supubsti qub bs prbfbrhcjb ugo bskujodhôg y rbaujodhôg goturoj mbj
gbrvhi voai. Bj kïs üj sbauri y oddbshcjb mb jis kètimis bs icvhokbgtb
bj khjbgorhi blbrdhdhi mb jo rbsphrodhôg.
Migmb sb rbojhzog cudbis jhcrbs prijiga
p rijigaomis,
omis, bs pishcjb bxpbrhkbgtor
‚sokco‛ qub bs ugo rbkhghsdbgdho mbj otoqub bphjèpdi. Rg sokco
pubmb idurrhr duogmi bj ghvbj mbj ixëabgi bg bj dubrpi bs coli usogmi
tèdghdos mb rbsphrodhôg bspbdhoj y dikchgïgmijos dig mhfbrbgtbs
bjbkbgtis qub ofbdtog oj shstbko gbrvhisi, tojbs hgdhmbgtbs pubmbg
sbr prbvbghmis i khaomis, hgdjusi duogmi jis ghvbjbs mb ixëabgi sig

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 3?4


 

colis. Vojmrëo jo pbgo bxokhgor kïs mb dbrdo bstb fbgôkbgi.

]bropho mb vhcrodhôg poro bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb

Rgi pimrëo oraukbgtor qub timis jis bskujis qub sb rbdhcbg pir
kbmhi mbj gbrvhi voai y jis ôraogis vhsdbrojbs idurrbg diki rbsujtomi
mb jos vhcrodhigbs. ]imos jos disos vhcrog, hgdjusi bstb oporbgtbkbgtb
sôjhmi jhcri qub bgbs bg tus kogis bs ugo ¡arog bsto otôkhdo! jo
küshdo ‚durovo‛ yo sb bstï bkpjbogmi bg kudeis eisphtojbs, y bstb
pi mb tbropho bgb pir iclbti color mhrbdtokbgtb bj rhtki dormhodi y
drbor igmos dbrbcrojbs dojkogtbs.
Jo koaho bg jis sighmis bs qub sb dikpigbg mb igmos qub pubmbg sbr
kïs i kbgis orkighzomos. Th jis sighmis isdhjog ughfirkbkbgtb,
ughfirkbkbgtb, drbog
vhcrodhigbs y mbsorrijjog ugo rbsigogdho bg vorhos portbs mbj dubrpi.
Bj sighmi sig igmos mb bgbraëo y bsto bgbraëo bs ug khdri kosolb
bskujogtb y rbvhtojhzomir
rbvhtojhzomir poro tus dèjujos. Duogmi timos jos dèjujos mb
tu dubrpi vhcrog bg su ôpko frbdubgdho trocolog kïs bfbdvokbgtb.
Jo kbto mbj yiao bs bxpogmhr tu digdhbgdho o toj aromi qub sb fushigb y
jjbaub o sbr ugo dig bj ughvbrsi, bj jjokomi bstomi sokomeh i ghrvogo.
Bsti sudbmb bxodtokbgtb duogmi jos vhcrodhigbs y jo bgbraëo mb jos
dèjujos sb shgdrighzog dig bj rhtki mb jo goturojbzo, bj duoj bs digtrijomi
pir bj progo, i sbo jo bgbraëo ughvbrsoj mb jo vhmo.
Domo vbz kïs hgvbsaodhigbs sb dbgtrog bg bxokhgor jis kudeis
dikpjblis kbdoghskis qub digbgbg jo küshdo y bj hkpodti cbgèdi
qub mhfbrbgtbs sighmis bgbg bg gubstri dbrbcri y bg gubstri bstomi
kbgtoj. Bsti bs ug hgmhdomir pishvi mb opbrturo y mbsbi mb hggivodhôg
qub bsto dikbgzogmi o vbr jo juz mbj mëo. Thg bkcorai, bxhstb ug kètimi
fïdhj y shg bsfubrzi poro proddorsb shg rhbsai ojaugi, shkpjbkbgtb
usogmi jos igmos mbj sighmi qub primudbg tus priphos fubrzos vidojbs.
Mhfbrbgtbs sighmis pubmbg sbr usomis mbpbgmhbgmi mb môgmb y què bs
ji qub vog o ofbdtor. Dhbrro tus ilis pir ug kikbgti y mh bj kogtro
soaromi ‚Ik‛ bg viz ojto y djoro trbs vbdbs, y sistèg bj timi togti
diki tb sbo pishcjb, bj ‚ik‛ sb prigugdho ‚OORKKKKK‛
‚OORKKKKK‛ trbs vbdbs,
vhcrodhigbs rbvhtojhzogtbs bg timi tu dubrpi, bspbdhojkbgtb bg tus
pujkigbs, dirozôg, dubjji, quhlomo, jbgauo y dbrbcri. ]okchèg pubmbs
abgbror ug jorai y suovb Okbg bj duoj primudb isdhjodhigbs shkhjorbs y
bgb ug bfbdti trogquhjhzogtb
trogquhjhzogtb hgkbmhoti.
Oj yiao sb jb otrhcuyb ug arog shaghdomi oj sbr dopoz mb bskujor
jo portb mbj shstbko gbrvhisi qub dojko pir kbmhi mb sighmis yo qub
bs ugo kogbro kuy bfbdvo mb drbor ug vëgduji bgtrb bj dubrpi, jo

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 3?=


 

kbgtb, jos bkidhigbs, bj hgtbjbdti y jo bgbraëo mbj progo qub uyb. Bsto
rbvhtojhzo,
rbvhtojhzo, trosfirko,
trosfirko, y ojhvho domo dèjujo mb tu dubrpi shkujtïgbokbgtb.
Itri blbkpji mb sighmis qub sig mb pordujor cbgbdhi oj dubrpi
sig jis sighmis jhkphis mb jo ‚O‛ y jo ‚I‛ jis duojbs eodbg qub bj
pbdei, bj bstbrgôg y bj dubjji vhcrbg. Jos vhcrodhigbs bg bj bstbrgôg
bskujorog bj shstbko gbrvhisi pirqub jos isdhjodhigbs sb kujpjhdog
bg bj ki ugo pbqubÿo ajïgmujo bg bj pbdei jo duoj primudb dèjujos
djovb mb mbfbgso mbj dubrpi jjokomo jhgfidhtis ] . Bj ki sb vubjvb kïs
pbqubÿi y kïs pbqubÿi dig jo bmom y dosh mbsoporbdb oj goj. Ojaugis
hgvbsaomirbs hgdjusi drbbg qub jos mhfbrbgtbs hgfbddhigbs y dogdbrbs
bg podhbgtbs koyirbs bstïg rbjodhigomis bstrbdeokbgtb oj mbdjhgb mb
bg jo primuddhôg mb jhgfidhtis ] . Pir digshauhbgtb, sh vos o bskujor
bj ki mb ojaugo kogbro
kogbro pir blbkpji
blbkpji o trovès
trovès mb ugo dogdhôg ugo
irodhôg, mb sbauri tbgmrï vbgtolos. Jos pbrsigos koyirbs, osë diki jo
abgtb bgfbrko qub bstï shauhbgmi ug trotokhbgti gbdbshtog tbgbr ug
fubrtb shstbko hgkugb.
Jos vhcrodhigbs bg jo aoraogto pubmbg bskujor itro ajïgmujo
hkpirtogtb, jo rihmbs. Bsto ajïgmujo primudb eirkigos qub rbaujog
bj kbtocijhski y pir digshauhbgtb bj digsuki mb bgbraëo y bj pbsi mbj
dubrpi. Ombkïs oshstb bg bj firtojbdhkhbgti mb jo fugdhôg mbj dirozôg.
Oportb mbj ebdei mb qub tüt ü pubmbs bskujor bsto ajïgmujo eosto dhbrti
aromi dig vhcrodhigbs, ugo dikchgodhôg mb sighmis qub sb abgbrbg
y usogmi jo pisturo yiao mbj eikcri, pubmbs drbor ugo bskujodhôg
omhdhigoj. Bsti sb mbcb bg portb oj hgdrbkbgti bg bj uli sogauëgbi
qub vo oj dubjji y jo docbzo, bg sbaugmi juaor pirqub bj Dogmomi mb
aoraogto goturoj qub sb drbo bg bsto pisturo hgdrbkbgto jo prbshôg bg
jo rihmbs, mïgmijb ug suovb kosolb.
Itro sojhmo mb vhcrodhigbs mb jo aoraogto y jo rbsujtogtb bskujodhôg
mbj gbrvhi voai rbmudb hgkbmhotokbgtb jo prbshôg sogauëgbo y bj
gükbri mb jomis mbj dirozôg. Jo abgtb dig digmhdhigbs mbj dirozôg
i podhbgtbs qub eog sufrhmi otoqubs dormhodis pubmbg dikchgor jis
blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg dig jo abgbrodhôg mb sighmis diki ug kètimi
prbvbgvi tbropèudi shkpjb.
Eb pjodomi dig kèmhdis Htojhogis odbrdo mb dikbgzor ug gubvi
priybdti bg bj duoj jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg sbog hgdjuhmis bg bj
trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti mb otoqubs dormhodis. Bj dormhôjiai Ojbssogmri Phgahtirb mbj
Digsbli Godhigoj mb Hgvbsaodhôg bg Phso eo mbsorrijjomi ug kètimi
qub drbb vojmrëo jo pbgo pricor bg Mhgokordo b Htojho. Ebkis mhsdumi
ug gukbri mb pishcjbs sijudhigbs poro ug kblir, kïs sbauri y kbgis
distisi trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti poro bstis podhbgtbs dormhodis, hgdjusi èj kb bgvhô
ugo gito hgtbrbsogtb bg jo duoj rbbxhigo odbrdo mbj trotokhbgti poro

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 3?2


 

bj dirozôg, shgdbrokbgtb bspbri qub bj futuri bstotus mb jis dirozigbs


dirozigbs
qub jotbg bg bj pjogbto sbo kïs crhjjogtb qub ji qub jos prbmhddhigbs
hgmhdog. Odtuojkbgtb, jos bgfbrkbmombs dormhodos y dormhivosdujorbs
sig jo prhgdhpoj douso mb kubrtb bg bj kugmi.

‚Jo tbropho dormhivosdujor bgb diki iclbti bg prhkbr juaor bj

dirozôg, bg bj dosi
vosis sogauëgbis mb ug yoaumi
sb ocrbg, hgforti
sb bfbdtüo oj ipbrodhôg
ugo khidormhi,shjis
jos arogmbs
vïjvujos
mbj dirozôg fugdhigog hgdirrbdtokbgtb. Thg bkcorai, bs hkpirtogtb
rbdirmor qub bj dirozôg bs portb mb ug shstbko ojtokbgtb dikpjbli
y iraoghzomi qub dikprbgmb bj iraoghski eukogi. Bsti shaghdo
qub ug koj fugdhigokhbgti mbj dirozôg ofbdto o timi bj shstbko.
Prubco mb bsti, bs qub pimbkis icsbrvor qub jo abgtb dig otoqubs
dormhodis sig kïs pripbgsis o tbgbr mbprbshôg, osë diki jo j o abgtb dig
mbprbshôg bs pripbgso o tbgbr otoqubs.
 Rg bgfiqub eijësdi dikchgomi dig ug trotokhbgti digvbgdhigoj
pimrëo pir ji togti prbsbgtor vbgtolos o podhbgtbs dig bgfbrkbmombs
mbj dirozôg. Dig rbspbdti o èsti, jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg y

rbjolodhôg sig pordujorkbgtb


timi bj iraoghski eukogi o trovèsbjbddhigbs icvhos,gbrvhisi
mbj shstbko pirqub dbgtroj,
ofbdtog bj
o
shstbko bgmidrhgi y bj shstbko hgkugb.
O bstb rbspbdti jo bxpbrhbgdho mb otjbtos diki Ta Âvojj Tbvbrhgsbg
bs vojhiso yo qub jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg y rbjolodhôg sb usog poro
jiaror ug koyir bgtbgmhkhbgti mb ugi khski. Bg itros pojocros,
jo digdhbgdho mb jo dopodhmom y mb jis jëkhtbs sb bxpogmb, ji duoj
kbliro bj mbsbkpbÿi mbpirvi bxtrbki. Duogmi rbjodhigokis
ugo bgfbrkbmom diki ugo bxpbrhbgdho bxtrbko, i kblir oüg
diki ugo bxpbrhbgdho qub rbshmb kïs ojjï mb ji girkoj bg jo vhmo,
tokchèg bgtbgmbkis jis pitbgdhojbs cbgbdhis qub jo rbjolodhôg y jo
rbsphrodhôg pubmbg ifrbdbr mbsmb ug bgfiqub eijësdi, ombkïs mbj

digvbgdhigoj
trotokhbgtis‛trotokhbgti ‚stotb if teb ort‛ bs mbdhr, ‚Ji üjki bg

Ojbssogmri Phgahtirb
Hgstuti mb shijiaëo djëghdo, Phso

Itri ospbdti hgtbrbsogtb y shaghdovi mb jo rbsphrodhôg khbgtros usos


tu viz bs shkpjbkbgtb qub jo frbdubgdho mb tu rbsphrodhôg mhskhguyb
y jo rbsphrodhôg goturoj sb vubjvb kïs jorao. Ji khski sudbmb duogmi
tororbos i dogtos, qub diki socbs douso ug sbgkhbgti mb fbjhdhmom y
chbgbstor.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 3?6


 

Bj osko  pubmb sbr duromo pir kbmhi


kbmh i mb bgtrbgokhbgti

Kudeo abgtb bs aijpbomo pir bj osko murogtb su vhmo, pbri ¹dôki vhvbs
dig osko shg qub ojtbrb timo tu vhmo9
Rg abguhgi orsbgoj mb eirkigos qub digbgbg hgeojomirbs y
pëjmiros qub ojhvhog bj otoqub mb osko bxhstbg. Mbsofirtugomokbgtb,
bstis kbmhdokbgtis gi durog bj osko, o pbsor mb qub sig cubgis oj
ojhvhor jis sëgtikos, pubmbg jjbvor o mhvbrsis bfbdtis sbdugmorhis qub o
vbdbs fubrzog o jis podhbgtbs o tikor kïs y kïs kbmhdhgo mbchmi o jo
rboddhôg mbj dubrpi.
Bg ugo dbgo bg ugo digfbrbgdho mb hgvbsaodhôg bg Phso bg jo prhkovbro
prhkovbro
mbj 3005 kb sbgtè lugti o ugo midtiro qub trotoco
trotoco o podhbgtbs mb osko,
kb bxpjhdi qub jis podhbgtbs dig osko usog ugo u go vorhbmom mb primudtis
mb eirkigos mb odubrmi o sus gbdbshmombs hgmhvhmuojbs. Jb p prbaugtb
rbaugtb sh
bjjis odistukcrocog o usor tèdghdos mb rbsphrodhôg diki bj progoy
progoyoko
oko
i Cutbyni bg su djëghdo pbri bstb gi bro bj dosi. Bjjo kb digrkô qub
gugdo eocëo iëmi odbrdo mb qub jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg pumhbsbg
tbgbr bfbdtis cbgèdis poro bj osko.
Frogdokbgtb, kb sirprbgmhô pirqub yi socho mb vorhis blbkpjis mb
cuzis jhcrbs mb kh djuc bg Ooreus quhbgbs eocëog colomi shaghdovokbgtb
shaghdovokbgtb
bj usi mb kbmhdokbgtis. Bsti sb mbcb prhgdhpojkbgtb oj ebdei mb qub
jis cuzis jhcrbs bstïg digstogtbkbgtb
digstogtbkbgtb bgtrbgogmi dig gubvos tèdghdos
mb rbsphrodhôg, togti poro jo rbsphrodhôg jbgto, diki jo digtrijomo y
prijigaomo bg jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo. Hgdjusi, supb mb vorhis dosis mb
ojaugos pbrsigos qub pumhbrig mblor timi bj kbmhdokbgti bg jo rbphso,
hgdjuybgmi o Pbtbr Qursey,
Qursey, ug cuzi jhcrb eijogmès dokpbôg bg cudbi o
mhstogdho quhbg sufrhô mb sbvbro osko drôghdo pir oÿis pbri eiy bg mëo
bstï dikpjbtokbgtb jhcrb mb bstis sëgtikos.

‚Xi tbgho osko mbspuès mb ugo prijigaomo hgfbddhôg qub digtrolb


murogtb ug vholb ojrbmbmir mb jo hgmho. Oj prhgdhphi gi bstoco tog koj,
pbri mbspuès mb ugis kbsbs jo rbsphrodhôg sb tirgô domo vbz kïs
mhdhj duogmi fuh o dirrbr y bj kbmhi okchbgtb bstoco
bstoco frhi y pijvisi.
Fuh oj midtir y mbspuès mb qub kb tikorig royis U y ug bxokbg mbj
fugdhigokhbgti mbj pujkôg rbdhcë kh prhkbro kbmhdhgo jo duoj bro
sojcutokij , ug hgeojogtb. Oj prhgdhphi siji ji usoco ugo vbz oj mëo,
pbri mbspuès mb ug roti bro ojaugos vbdbs gbdbsorhi usorji trbs vbdbs
oj mëo y mhorhi. Fuh oj midtir mb gubvi< bs
bsto
to vbz kb prbsdrhchô
prbsdrhchô ug gubvi
kbmhdokbgti (sojkbtbrij ), ), tokchèg poro hgeojorsb. Ji usi mis vbdbs
oj mëo y bj sojcutokij duogmi bs gbdbsorhi.
Xi bro cuzi mb TDRCO bg bsb bkpi. Thg bkcorai bj midtir kb
priehchô eodbr bsti mbspuès mb ug bxokbg mbj pujkôg. Osko y cudbi

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 3?1


 

TDRCO bro ug ‚gi vos‛.


vos‛. Bstoco cusdogmi ug gubvi mbpirtb
mbpi rtb y bgtigdbs
kb kb o cudbi jhcrb y bkpbdè o bgtrbgor dig rbsphrodhôg yiao y
progoyoko.
progoy oko. Mbspuès mb 6 kbsbs yo gi fub gbdbsorhi usor sojcuokij,
pbri timovëo tbgho qub tikor kh itri kbmhdokbgti. Thg bkcorai
domo vbz ji usi kbgis y kbgis y girkojkbgtb siji pir jo koÿogo.
Diggui kh vhshtos oguojbs oj midtir y mbspuès mb ug jorai bxokbg
bj midtir mhli qub khs pujkigbs bstocog kïs fubrtbs y qub primudëog
kbgis kidi y uhmi, jb prbaugtb sh pimëo dikbgzor mb gubvi dig bj
cudbi TDRCO ji duoj kb priehchô mb gubvi.
Bj oÿi shauhbgtb jis rbsujtomis mb kh bxokbg bstuvhbrig oug kblir, y
o kh gojkbgtb sb kb pbrkho kbtbrkb mb gubvi oj cudbi TDRCO,
shg bkcorai tuvb qub hgeojor bj sojcutokij ogtbs mb sojtor oj oauo.
Mbspuès mbj tbrdbr oÿi, khs sëgtikos oskïdis eocëog mbsoporbdhmi
kh midtir kb phmhô qub kb rbojhzoro bj bxokbg
bxokbg mb jo fugdhôg pujkigor
4 vbdbs, y pumi vbr qub khs pujkigbs bstocog girkojbs mb gubvi.
Hgdjusi kb bgvhô mb gubvi oj eisphtoj o qub kb ehdhbrog ug bstumhi
mb gubvi, yo qub gi pimëo drbbr qub tog dokchi fubro pishcjb. Xi
pordujorkbgtb proddi blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo y rbojhzi
cudbi prifugmi‛

Pbtbr Qursdey, 45 oÿis


Hgstrudtir mb jo Odombkho mb Opgbo,
O pgbo, Okstbrmok

Goturojkbgtb qub kudeis primudtis cosomis bg eirkigos bgbg


su lusdodhôg, y gi docb mumo qub oyumbg o khjjigbs mb pbrsigos o
tbgbr ugo kblir vhmo domo mëo. Gi icstogtb, shaub shbgmi mbsofirtugomi
qub eoyo tog pido otbgdhôg bg jos duros goturojbs. Bstumhis dhbgdis
eog mbkistromi qub bj yiao y bj progoyoko bg pordujor bgbg ug
bfbdti pishvi bg podhbgtbs qub sufrbg mb osko. Hgdjusi jis blbrdhdhis
mb rbsphrodhôg bg su kïs shkpjb firko bg ugo pripirdhôg mb ? o 3 pir
blbkpji bg jo bxeojodhôg qub bs micjb khbgtros qub bg jo hgeojodhôg sb
eo mbkistromi qub primudb ug bfbdti cbgèdi. Bg ojaugis bstumhis,
bj priarbsi sb pubmb icsbrvor bg ugo sbkogo, o pbsor mb qub bj
trotokhbgti poro bj osko bs mb jorai pjozi y mbpbgmb sh bj podhbgtb
oskïdi diggüo dig sus blbrdhdhis bg su vhmo mhorho. Bg jis kblirbs
dosis, jis sëgtikos mb osko sb mbsvogbdbg pir dikpjbti, y bg kudeis
dosis jis kbmhdokbgtis pubmbg sbr rbmudhmis, sb hgdrbkbgto bstor bg
firko y sb kbliro jo fugdhôg pujkigor.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 3?5


 

Ipkhzo tu rbsphrodhôg

Duogmi bro ghÿi sufrë ugo bspbdhb mb osko qub pricocjbkbgtb fub
idoshigomo pir khs okomis pubrdis mb auhgbo. Ofirtugomokbgtb,
drbdë shg bj osko, pbri bg ojaugos idoshigbs rbsphror pubmb vijvbrsb
bxtbguogtb, pir blbkpji, sh bgtrbgi muri bg oauo djiromo i duogmi
dirri bg bj hgvhbrgi.
Rgo vbz duogmi kh ebrkogi kïs dehdi d ehdi kb jjbvô o jo kigtoÿo o posbor
bg chdh bg bj cisqub b hgtbgtô qub suchbsb ugo bsdorpomo dijhgo, tuvb
ug otoqub mb osko. Mbchmi o qub bj djhko bstoco frhi y kb bgtrbaub
mb jjbgi oj rbti, kh rbsphrodhôg sb tirgô diki ug ‚shjchmi‛. ]itojkbgtb
bspigtïgbi, ehdb ugo rbsphrodhôg prifugmo ‚lojè ohrb vorhos vbdbs‛ qub
kb mhi ugu g bfbdti trogquhjhzogtb mb hgkbmhoti.
Bj ‚eiin-crbotehga‛ ô rbsphrodhôg mb aogdei, bs shkpjbkbgtb jjbgor
jis pujkigbs pir dikpjbti y sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg dbrrogmi jo sojhmo
mbj ohrb mb jo aoraogto khbgtros
khbgtros qub bj ohrb sb bkpulo
b kpulo eodho orrhco usogmi
bj mhofroako y jis küsdujis ocmikhgojbs. Bsti hgdrbkbgto jo prbshôg mbj
ohrb bg jis pujkigbs y mhjoto
m hjoto jos vëos oèrbos, jis tucis crigquhojbs y jis
pbqubÿis ojvbijis. Hgtbgto jo tèdghdo pir  khski, sh bxpbrhkbgtos ug
otoqub mb osko shkhjor.
Mb ghgaugo kogbro siy ug bxpbrti bg osko pbri siji quhbri
sbÿojor pirquè bgbg rbojkbgtb sbgmi jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg,
bspbdhojkbgtb jo jbgto bxeojodhôg y jo shkpjb rbsphrodhôg dig pousos
sistbghmos, pubmb ojhvhor y ojaugos vbdbs duror bj osko. Th trotos mb rbsphror
rbsphror
jbgtokbgtb y dig digtrij pubmb jiarorsb ugo koyir digdbgtrodhôg mb
mhôxhmi mb dorcigi bg jis pujkigbs osë diki bg jis vosis sogauëgbis.
Mbchmi o qub bj mhôxhmi bxpogmb jis vosis sogauëgbis bg jis pujkigbs
y bj rbsti
rbsti mbj dubrpi, bgb ug bfbdti
bfbdti cbgèdi. ]okchèg porbdb kuy
pricocjb qub bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi pubmop ubmo oyumor o dojhcror bj dbgtri mb
digtrij mbj rhtki mb jo rbsphrodhôg bg bj tojji dbrbcroj. Bg itros pojocros,
rbstocjbdbr ugo frbdubgdho y prifugmhmom mb jo rbsphrodhôg goturoj y
sojumocjb.
Jo kijèdujo mb aos mb ixhmi mb ghtrôabgi (GI pir sus shajos bg hgajès)
sb odvo o trovès mb jo gorhz y tokchèg digtrhcuyb o bxpogmhr jis vosis
sogauëgbis diki bj mhôxhmi mb dorcigi ji eodb, oÿïmbjb o bsti ugo
fugdhôg og codtbrhogo qub pubmb oyumor o kbliror jos digmhdhigbs
mb hrrhtodhôg jidoj mb jis pujkigbs, poro mbspuès hgdrbkbgtor jo
digdbgtrodhôg mb GI, y bgtigdbs jo mhjotodhôg mb jis vosis sogauëgbis,
jis sighmis mb tororbi murogtb jo rbsphrodhôg pir jo gorhz pubmbg sbr
kuy privbdeisis. Bstb pi bspbdhoj mb rbsphrodhôg bs cbgèdi pirqub
bj sighmi mb zukchmi eo e o kistromi qub hgdrbkbgto jo digdbgtrodhôg mb

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 3?8


 

GI bg jo dovhmom gosoj eosto ?2 vbdbs, pubs bj ohrb bg jo gorhz sb kbzdjo


rïphmokbgtb dig ohrb
ohrb rhdi bg GI mb jis sbgis gosojbs.
Kïs oüg, jo shkpjb prbshôg bduojhzomiro, jo koghicro mb Vojsojvo 
pubmb oyumor yo qub prbshigo ohrb mb jis pujkigbs o timos jos dovhmombs
mbj dbrbcri, y mb ebdei bxhstbg kudeis ojrbmbmir mb jo gorhz y jo frbgtb.
Duogmi eodb kudei frëi, i eos gomomi mbcoli mbj oauo dig jo gorhz
topomo, pubmbs eocbr bxpbrhkbgtomi ug fubrtb mijir bg jis sbgis
gosojbs. Jo koghicro mb Vojsojvo bs fïdhj mb rbojhzor y timis pimbkis
eodbrjo bgsbauhmo, pirqub gi rbquhbrb mb prbvhi digidhkhbgti. Dhbrro
tu cido, phdo tu gorhz, dhbrro y bkpulo bj ohrb eodho orrhco usogmi tu
mhofroako y tus küsdujis ocmikhgojbs. Pimrïs iër oj ohrb shjcor o trovès
mb jos trikpos mb Bustoquhi eosto bj kpogi (psss).
Jo tèdghdo bs okpjhokbgtb usomo bg cudbi, vubji, posbis bg kigtoÿo
ô coli duojquhbr dhrdugstogdho bg jo qub tbgaos qub bduojhzor jo prbshôg
bg tus iëmis. Th kogbgbs bj ohrb mb jis pujkigbs bg tu docbzo mb 30 o
40 sbaugmis mbspuès mb jo koghicro mb Vojsojvo, sb oÿomb oj ohrb ugo
dogmom sucstogdhoj mb GI, jo duoj bgtro bg jis pujkigbs.
Itri blbrdhdhi qub pubmb sbr cbgèdi poro jis oskïdis bs jo
rbsphrodhôg ojtbrgomo mb gorhgos. Bg bstb blbrdhdhi jo hgeojodhôg y
bxeojodhôg digstogtbs sb ojtbrgog mb ugo gorhgo o itro, ji duoj jhkpho
jo gorhz pir dikpjbti y kbliro jo ocsirdhôg mbj ôxhmi ghtrôabgi (GI).
Tbrëo pordujorkbgtb bfbdvi eodbr ugo pouso bgtrb jo hgeojodhôg
y jo bxeojodhôg, qub fubsb kïs jorao mb ji girkoj b hgdjusi dbrror
okcos gorhgos dig jis mbmis shkujtïgbokbgtb, yo qub bsti bjbvorëo jo
digdbgtrodhôg mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi osë diki bj ôxhmi ghtrôabgi GI
digtrhcuhrëo o jis cbgbdhis orrhco mbsdrhtis.

]rotokhbgti mb ixëabgi

Gi eoy mumo mb qub bj ixëabgi bs vhtoj poro domo dèjujo mbj dubrpi. Bs
ug ebdei chbg digidhmi bg bj kugmi mbj mbpirtb, qub bj dubrpi pubmb
ojdogzor kblirbs rbsujtomis dig kïs ixëabgi bg jo sogarb. ¹Pbri dôki
jb eodbs poro ictbgbr ug digtbghmi mb ixëabgi goturoj bg bj dubrpi qub
sb hgdrbkbgtb pbrkogbgtbkbgtb9 Bxhstbg rozigbs poro drbbr qub bsti
sb pubmb eodbr
e odbr o trovès mb trotokhbgtis
trotokhbgtis mb ixëabgi coli prbshôg.
Bg ug bstumhi qub hgvijudro ug arupi mb cuzis jhcrbs htojhogis bg
?888, bj Midtir bg Gburi-shijiaëo mb Cèjahdo, Digstoggi Cojbstro,
mbsducrhô qub bj digtbghmi mb ixëabgi bg jis cuzis qub ugb jo kijèdujo
mb ebkiajichgo bg jos dèjujos mb sogarb rilo sb eocëo hgdrbkbgtomi
ug ?=% mbspuès mb dhgdi mëos mb bgtrbgokhbgti dig trbs cudbis

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 330


 

mhorhis o =0 kbtris mb prifugmhmom. O bsto prifugmhmom jo prbshôg bs


dhgdi vbdbs kïs ojto qub bg jo supbrdhb, y jo tbgshôg mb ixëabgi bg jis
pujkigbs mb jis cuzis jhcrbs sb hgdrbkbgtô dhgdi vbdbs. Mbchmi o qub
bj ohrb otkisfèrhdi
otkisfèrhdi bg jis pujkigbs mb jis cuzis jhcrbs digbgb 30% mb
ixëabgi, ugo pbrsigo qub pbrkogbdb bg jo brro, tbgmrëo qub rbsphror
?00% ohrb puri poro drbor jos khskos digmhdhigbs bg bj dubrpi.
Bj bjbvomi vojir sogauëgbi qub icsbrvô bj Midtir Cojbstro, ji jjbvô
o hgvbsaor sh eocëo ugo dirrbjodhôg kïs dbrdogo bgtrb jo prbshôg mbj
ixëabgi y bj oukbgti bg jo primuddhôg mb dèjujos mb sogarb rilo. Rg
dogmhmoti icvhi poro bxpjhdor bstb hgdrbkbgti bro jo eirkigo goturoj
(BPI) pir sus shajos bg hgajès, jo duoj bxhstb bg bj dubrpi y bskujo jo
firkodhôg mb gubvos dèjujos mb sogarb rilo.
Bj Midtir Cojbstro bg bsb bgtigdbs tbgëo o ?6 sulbtis rbsphrogmi
ixëabgi oj ?00% pir ug pbrhimi mb mis eiros coli digmhdhigbs girkojbs
mb prbshôg. Poro su arog sirprbso, fub dopoz mb kbmhr ug oukbgti mb
60% bg jo digdbgtrodhôg mb BPI bg jo sogarb, mbspuès mb 46 eiros. Osë
qub jo hgvbsaodhôg suahbrb qub osphror ixëabgi puri o ugo prbshôg
girkoj, bskujorëo jo primuddhôg mb BPI. BP I.
]rotor podhbgtbs dig ixëabgi o ug ghvbj kïs ojti qub bj mb jo prbshôg
otkisfèrhdo (trotokhbgti dig ixëabgi ehpbrcïrhdi - ]IEC) tokchèg bstï
aogogmi kïs tbrrbgi. Bg jo dïkoro mb mbsdikprbshôg mbj Eisphtoj mb jo
Rghvbrshmom mb Dipbgeoabg sb uso bj trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti mb prbshôg mb ixëabgi
poro ojhvhor jos ebrhmos y vorhos firkos mb hgokodhôg.
Rgo prikhsirho ehstirho bg pordujor, duogmi digidë o ug pbqubÿi
ghÿi jjokomi Frbmbrhn, quhbg bro trotomi dig ixëabgi. Duogmi Frbmbrhn
tbgëo ug oÿi y kbmhi sb jb mhoagisdô ‚porïjhshs‛ dbrbcroj, bj duoj bs
ug tèrkhgi ‚sikcrhjjo‛ bs mbdhr, qub dikprbgmb ugo vorhbmom mb
mhsdopodhmombs shdos duogmi jo dopodhmom mbj dbrbcri poro digtrij
digtrijor
or jis
küsdujis gi fugdhigo opriphomokbgtb. Abgbrojkbgtb, jis kèmhdis eog
shmi kuy rbgubgtbs o mbdjoror duojquhbr pi mb prbmhddhôg, gh shquhbro
o mor ugo phsto. Bj kèmhdi koyir y kïs pbshkhsto, quhbg jjbvoco bj dosi
mb Frbmbrhn, pbgsoco qub sbrëo ug arog jiari qub pumhbsb sbgtorsb shg
oshstbgdho ojaüg mëo.
Jo kokï mb Frbmbrhn bgtigdbs ji jjbvô o qub sb trotosb
trotosb dig odupugturo,
y Frbmbrhn jbgtokbgtb bkpbzô o mbsorrijjor eochjhmombs. Bg bj vbrogi
mbj 3006 sus pomrbs jby jbybrig
brig odbrdo
odbrdo mb ug trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti bspbdhoj dig
ixëabgi, trotokhbgti dig ixëabgi ehpbrcïrhdi, qub bs curmokbgtb bj
khski trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti qub rbdhcbg jis cuzis qub sufrbg jo bgfbrkbmom mb
jo mbsdikprbshôg. Bstb pi mb trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti eo shmi usomi pir kïs mb 32
oÿis bg Arog Crbtoÿo poro trotor
trotor jo bsdjbrishs küjpjb (ugo bgfbrkbmom
b gfbrkbmom
mb jis gbrvhis qub ofbdto bj dbrbcri y jo bsphgo mirsoj) y rbdhbgtbkbgtb

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 33?


 

tokchèg sb eo jjbvomi o doci bg ghÿis dig porïj


porïjhshs
hshs dbrbcroj. Jis pomr
pomrbs
bs
mb Frbmbrhn sb pushbrig bg digtodti dig bj Prifbsir Lokbs mb Mugmbb
bg Bsdidho, quhbg bs ug bspbdhojhsto bg bstb dokpi, poro dubsigorsb sh
sbrëo pishcjb trotor o Frbmbrhn bg Bsdidho. Bg bgbri
bg bri mb 3001 fubrig poro
qubmorsb bg Mugmbb pir ug kbs poro qub Frbmbrhn sb trotosb dig bj
]IEC. Ogtbs mb hrsb, Frbmbrhn sijokbgtb pimëo dokhgor dig ‚spjhgts‛, bs
mbdhr tocjhjjos bg okcos phbrgos y dig
dig jo oyumo mb ugo dokhgomiro
dokhgomiro poro
poro
bj bquhjhcrhi. Mbspuès mb sôji mis sbkogos bg Bsdidho, pumi dokhgor shg
su dokhgomiro. Bxpbrhkbgtô kudeis bfbdtis
bfbdtis cbgèdis mbj trotokhbgti
y su ghvbj mb bgbraëo tokchèg sb hgdrbkbgtô. Diki rbsujtomi,
rbsujtomi, sus pomrbs
mbdhmhbrig posor timovëo itri kbs bg Mugmbb bg bj vbrogi mbj 3001.
Mb gubvi euci gitocjbs rbsujtomis mbchmi oj trotokhbgti. Frbmbrhn
mb rbpbgtb pumi dokhgor shg sus ‚tocjhjjos‛ y diggüo eodhègmiji osë,
ougqub dig sus zopotis irtipèmhdis poro opiyor su mbsorrijji. Bg
digsbdubgdho, sus pomrbs eog hgvbrmi bg su priphi ixëabgi pirtïj,
qub digguokbgtb cbgbdho o Frbmbrhn.

¹Pubmb bj ixëabgi ojhvhor bj dïgdbr9


Bj trotokhbgti dig ixëabgi, dig i shg prbshôg, eo rbgmhmi rbsujtomis
prikhsirhis bg jis oÿis rbdhbgtbs, pordujorkbgtb bg bj trotokhbgti
mbj dïgdbr. Rg blbkpji mb bsti, bs ugo podhbgtb bg btopo HHH mb dïgdbr
mb koko, quhbg rbdhchô ?00% mb ixëabgi ojaugos vbdbs oj mëo murogtb
su trotokhbgti mb quhkhitbropho. Bj trotokhbgti mb jo quhkhitbropho
eocëo ebdei qub bj ghvbj mb ebkiajichgo bg su sogarb coloro, pbri bj
trotokhbgti mb ixëabgi rïphmokbgtb ji bjbvô itro vbz.
Bj khski bfbdti pumi eocbrsb jiaromi pir kbmhi mb hgybddhigbs
mb dogmom mb eirkigos BPI, jos duojbs bskujog jo firkodhôg mb
dèjujos mb sogarb rilo. Oportb mb qub bstb pridbmhkhbgti bs kuy dori,
pubmb jjbvor ojaugos vbdbs o ugo mbsofirtugomo rbspubsto hgkugb. Bj
hgdrbkbgtor jis ghvbjbs mbj BPI o trovès mb jis kbdoghskis goturojbs
mbj dubrpi, sikbbgmi o jis podhbgtbs oj ?00% mb ixëabgi bs shkpjb,
sbauri, gi dori y bs ug kètimi qub pubmb hkpjbkbgtorsb bgsbauhmo
poro jhmhor dig ug rogai mb mhvbrsis dogdbrbs.
Rg bstumhi girubai eo kistromi rbdhbgtbkbgtb qub jis tukirbs
bg rotos dig dïgdbr mb pbdei mbdrbdbg ug 60% mb tokoÿi mbspuès
mb ugis duogtis trotokhbgtis mb ixëabgi oj ?00% mbgtri mb ugo
prbshôg corikètrhdo girkoj y jhabrokbgtb bjbvomo. Dikporo bsti dig
ug mbdrbkbgti curmi bg bj tokoÿi mbj tukir bg jos rotos qub fubrig
trotomos dig ug oabgtb mb quhkhitbropho — üghdokbgtb o jo khtom mb su

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 333


 

bfbdvhmom. Oportb mbj mbdrbkbgti bg bj tokoÿi mbj tukir, sb pumi


kbmhr ug arog hgdrbkbgti bg bj gükbri mb dèjujos kubrtos mb dïgdbr
mbspuès mbj trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti mb ixëabgi puri.
Bs hgtbrbsogtb qub ojai tog shkpjb diki rbsphror ixëabgi puri pubmo
sbr usomi bfbdvokbgtb poro dikcor ojai tog sbrhi b hgvoshvi
hgvoshvi diki bj
dïgdbr. Jjbvomi o bxtrbkis, bstis bstumhis hgmhdog qub sh bstuvhbsbs bg
ugo hsjo mbshbrto y tuvhbsbs dïgdbr
dïgd br,, ji kblir qub pimrëos eodbr poro 
khski, sbrëo rbojhzor jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo y cudbor togti diki fubsb
pishcjb, mb prbfbrbgdho mb bgtrb =0 o 20 kbtris.
Docb mbstodor, qub bj trotokhbgti mb ixëabgi bstï jblis mb sbr ug
gubvi ‚hgvbgti‛. Xo bg jis oÿis ?830½s quhbg fub jourbomi dig bj prbkhi
Gicbj, Ii Qorcura fub bj qub ehzi ugo pripubsto koyir sicrb bj usi
mb diphisos dogmombs mb ixëabgi bg jo aubrro digtro bj dïgdbr. Ii
Qorcura sb hgtbrbsoco bg pridbsis mb bgbraëo mb jo rbsphrodhôg mb jos
dèjujos mbj hgmhvhmui (rbsphrodhôg), èj drbëo qub jos dèjujos girkojbs
sb trogsfirkocog bg dèjujos mb dïgdbr duogmi jbs fojtoco bj ixëabgi
girkoj. Bg digfbrbgdhos, mhli qub< ‚Bj dïgdbr pir sicrb timos jos itros
bgfbrkbmombs, bgb dousos sbdugmorhos hgdigtocjbs. Pbri, hgdjusi
poro bj dïgdbr, bxhstb ugo prhkbro douso. Bg rbsukbg, jo prhkbro douso
mbj dïgdbr bs bj rbbkpjozi mbj ixëabgi mb jo rbsphrodhôg bg jos dèjujos
girkojbs mbj dubrpi mbchmi
mb chmi o jo fbrkbgtodhôg
fbrkbgtodhôg mbj ozüdor‛
ozüdor ‛.
Itri arog sustbgti mb jos kudeos opjhdodhigbs mb
m b jo tbropho mb ixëabgi,
ixëabgi,
fub bj kèmhdi ojbkïg, Kogfrbm vig Ormbggb. Bj mbsorrijjô ug bgfiqub
kbdujisi, hkprbshigogtbkbgtb shstbkïdi poro bj trotokhbgti mbj
dïgdbr y ifrbdhô vorhis blbkpjis bspbdëdis mbj trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti mb ixëabgi
poro dïgdbr mb pujkôg, osë diki poro dïgdbr mb eubsis. Rgo mb sus
prhgdhpojbs tbshs bro jo colo tbgshôg mb ixëabgi bg bj dubrpi, qub
douso jo khdri-dhrdujodhôg girkoj mb jo sogarb, ixëabgi y gutrhbgtbs
qub dokchog bg ojaugos dèjujos, qub jubai pubmbg mbrhvor bg dèjujos
dogdbrëabgos. Bj pricjbko sbrëo pordujorkbgtb pbrgbgtb dbrdo mb
jis vosis sogauëgbis mb jos vbgos qub jjbvog jo sogarb dig ixëabgi
puri mbj dubrpi mb rbarbsi oj dirozôg. Pir ji togti, bj rbdikbgmoco
o jis podhbgtbs mb dïgdbr tikor arogmbs dogmombs mb og-ixhmogtbs
y bskujor jo primuddhôg mb dèjujos rilos ombkïs mbj trotokhbgti mb
ixëabgi,, timi ji qub digtrhcuyo o ugo kblir og-ixhmodhôg mbj dubrpi.
ixëabgi

Kïs ixëabgi dig progoyoko

Ojaugis blbrdhdhis shkpjbs mb progoyoko


progoyoko sig hmbojbs poro bj trotokhbgti
mb ixëabgi. Bspbdhojkbgtb jis blbrdhdhis qub bgbg ug bjbkbgti mb

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 334


 

ehpbrvbgjodhôg, qub pir ji togti colog jo digdbgtrodhôg mb mhôxhmi


mb dorcigi bg jo dirrhbgtb sogauëgbo, pir blbkpji, jis mis blbrdhdhis
(Sbsphrodhôg dig crokhmi y Purhdodhôg mbj dbrbcri).
Jo sogarb bg jo duoj eo mhskhguhmi bg arogmbs dogmombs bj
ixëabgi bg bj shstbko vbgisi, qub dirrb mbsmb bj dirozôg, sb ixhabgo
shaghdovokbgtb pir kbmhi mb jo ehpbrvbgjodhôg, y mbchmi o qub bj
50% mb jo sogarb mbj dubrpi sb bgdubgtro bg bj shstbko vbgisi, bstb
blbrdhdhi pimrëo tbgbr ug bfbdti pishvi bg jos dèjujos.
Bg digtrostb, jo ehpbrvbgjodhôg gi bgb koyir hkpodti bg jo sogarb
mbj shstbko ortbrhoj, bj duoj uyb mbsmb bj dirozôg y jjbvo ixëabgi o
jos dèjujos, yo qub bstï dbrdo mb soturorsb. Bstb dokpi, mb odubrmi o
khs digidhkhbgtis, gi eo rbdhchmi kudeo otbgdhôg, pbri së pjogtbo
ojaugos pishchjhmombs hgtbrbsogtbs. Ojaugis kèmhdis pimrëog drbbr qub
jis blbrdhdhis ô bstumhis diki èstis sig hgopriphomis, pbri bg jo judeo
digtro èj, drbi qub mbcbg oaitorsb
oaitorsb timos jos pishchjhmombs.
Porbdb rozigocjb
rozigocjb qub ojtos digdbgtrodhigbs mb ixëabgi pubmbg sbr ug
kbmhi bfbdvi poro hgdrbkbgtor jo bgbraëo bg bj shstbko mb jos dèjujos
y ug arog vijukbg mb ohrb otkisfèrhdi pubmb tokchèg sbr üj, ¡sh socbs
dôki ujhzorji!

Bkpodor ohrb bg jis pujkigbs - ug kètimi sbgdhjji poro ugo


kblir vhmo

Bg oÿis rbdhbgtbs eb momi ugo sbrhb mb digfbrbgdhos


digfbrbgdhos poro abgtb qub sufrb
jbshigbs bg jo bsphgo mirsoj i o quhbgbs pombdbg porïjhshs-dbrbcroj. Ji
diküg bgtrb bstos pbrsigos bs qub bstïg diggomos o ugo shjjo mb rubmos
y pir ji togti gi pubmbg kivbrsb kudei. Tu fugdhôg pujkigor bs dig
frbdubgdho mhsporblo ji qub jis eodb susdbpcjbs o dikpjhdodhigbs mbj
pujkôg y itros bgfbrkbmombs sbdugmorhos. Ombkïs mb eocjor mb cudbi
jhcrb, shijiaëo mbj cudbi y pjogtbokhbgti mb kbtos bg khs digfbr
digfbrbgdhos,
bgdhos,
bstiy ogshisi pir bgsbÿor o bstos pbrsigos ojaugis blbrdhdhis prïddis
qub pubmog bskujor b hgdjusi hgdrbkbgtor su vijukbg pujkigor.
Diki vhkis ogtbrhirkbgtb, ug vijukbg kïs arogmb mb pujkigbs sb
osidho o ugo koyir vhtojhmom mhorho y o ug ghvbj mb bgbraëo kïs ojti, y gi
kbgis ugo ipirtughmom poro bxtbgmbr tu bkpi mb vhmo.
Pbrsigos quhbgbs eog sufrhmi ugo frodturo bg jo portb supbrhir mbj
dubjji, i qub sufrbg mhstrio kusdujor bstïg rbstrhgahmos bg pordujor
bg bj usi mb sus küsdujis rbsphrotirhis. Pir ji togti, jo tèdghdo mb
bkpodor jis pujkigbs, qub pubmb usorsb shg odvor bj pbdei, bs üj

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 33=


 

Pojomor cjogmi i ochbrti

Jbgauo Bphajiths
Dubrmos vidojbs (dbrromi)

Aoraogto

= 3

Bj pojomor cjogmi
(dbrromi)

Jochis
(dbrromis)

Dubrmos vidojbs
(dbrromi)
Dubrmos vidojbs
(dbrromi)
4

Bj pojomor cjogmi
(dbrromi)

Jochis
(dbrromis)

Dubrmos vidojbs
(ochbrti)

Poro opjhdor jo tèdghdo mb bkpodor ohrb bg jis pujkigbs, pubmbg jjbgorsb jis
 pujkigbs shg usor
usor bj pbdei gh bj mhofroako
mhofroako.. Oquë sb kubstr
kubstrog
og jos = fosbs
fosbs..

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 332


 

poro bstb arupi mb abgtb. O pbsor mb qub èsto tèdghdo sb mbsdrhchô bg


jis ?820½s, bj digidhkhbgti mb èsto bs jhkhtomi. Mbsofirtugomokbgtb, bj
shstbko mb sojum roro vbz ji uso bg jo sidhbmom kimbrgo, gh shquhbro bg
vhgdujodhôg dig trotokhbgtis, bgtrbgokhbgtis i rbeochjhtodhôg. Bsti bs
ugo vbraúbgzo y bso bs jo rozôg pir jo duoj jo hgdjuyi bg bstb jhcri.
Bkpodor ohrb bg jis pujkigbs i ‚bj cikcbi cudoj‛ bs shkpjb y
duojquhbro ji pubmb oprbgmbr, o pbsor mb qub sb gbdbshto ug auëo
dikpbtbgtb. Jo djovb mb bsto koghicro bs qub, bs jo jbgauo, jo portb
trosbroo mbj pojomor y jo jorhgab (jos dubrmos vidojbs) jos qub sb usog poro
trosbr
rbsphror. Jis cuzis jhcrbs usog bsto tèdghdo poro cikcbor kïs ohrb bg
jis pujkigbs.
Jo prhkbro vbz
vbz qub vh bsto tèdghdo
tèdghdo fub duogmi kb tidô dikpbr bg
jo Dipo Kugmhoj mb Cudbi Jhcrb bg Ghzo bg 3000. Jis frogdbsbs y jis
bspoÿijbs jb jjokocog ‚dorpo‛ o jo tèdghdo, bs pricocjbkbgtb bj gikcrb
qub jb vo kblir, yo qub rbojkbgtb tb vbs diki ugo dorpo ovbgtogmi
ohrb.
Bsto tèdghdo jo pubmb oprbgmbr duojquhbro, sh rbdhcbg hgstruddhôg
opriphomo. Ojaugos pbrsigos qub sufrbg mb porïjhshs sb bgsbÿog o së
khskos, oprbgmbg jo tèdghdo bspigtïgbokbgtb. Diki bg bj yiao qub bj
dubrpi socb ji qub mbcb eodbr
eodbr,, sh sb jb pbrkhtb. Mb ebdei ojaugis ghÿis
usog èsto tèdghdo duogmi cudbog (shg ghgaüg digidhkhbgti prbvhi mb jo
tèdghdo), pirqub shbgtbg qub jbs pbrkhtb cudbor pir kïs jorai bkpi.
Bstïg bg ji dirrbdti,
dirrbdti, y jo tèdghdo sb bkpjbo bgb g timi bj rbhgi mb jis cuzis
jhcrbs mb Dokpbigotis Kugmhojbs.
Bj prhgdhphi bs titojkbgtb
titojkbgtb shkpjb, pbri sb rbquhbrb mb ugo diirmhgodhôg
opriphomo. Jo jbgauo sb uso diki phstôg poro drbor ugo prbshôg gbaovo,
mb kogbro qub ugo pbqubÿo dogmom mb ohrb sb deupo eodho jo cido
(diki duogmi deupos ugo pojbto), bg qub jo bphajis sb kogbgb
dbrromo. Jo cido bstï dbrromo y jis jochis sb oprhbtog lugtis, pir migmb
ocrbs jo trïqubo, khbgtros vos bkpulogmi bj ohrb mbgtri mb jis pujkigbs,
usogmi jo portb trosbro mb tu jbgauo y ojaugos vbdbs jis küsdujis mb
tus kblhjjos. Jubai, sb dhbrrog jis pujkigbs sbjjogmi jo aoraogto, ugo
gubvo cidogomo mb ohrb pubmb deuporsb eodho ombgtri mbgtri mb ugo
koghicro qub sb rbphtb. Gi mbcbs mb bkpodor ohrb kudeos vbdbs, gi
kïs mb bgtrb ?0 y 30 bg ugo sbrhb, b hgdjusi bgtigdbs, siji siji coli ugo
supbrvhshôg dikpbtbgtb.
Bkpodor ohrb jis pujkigbs bgb kudeos vbgtolos. Jo tèdghdo pubmb
ojhvhor o jo abgtb
abgtb qub uso vbgjodhôg kbdïghdo pir jorais pbrhimis
(khgutis, eiros, timi bj mëo), pubmbg eocjor kïs fubrtb pir jorai bkpi,
arhtor poro pbmhr oyumo, sodor jos bkos, btd. ]okchèg
]okchèg sb jbs eodb kïs fïdhj
bgdorrhjorsb bg vorhos odvhmombs y odistorsb shg bj vbgjomir ordhoj,

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 336


 

ji duoj fodhjhto bj duhmomi, jo tbropho y bj bgtrbgokhbgti. Dikchgomos,


bstos firkos
firkos mb ojhvhor priphdhog jo kivodhôg poro oprbgmbr o bkpodor
jis pujkigbs mb ohrb. Bj kètimi tokchèg pubmb usorsb bxpogmhbgmi
bj pbdei y bsrogmi togti bj pbdei diki jis tblhmis pujkigorbs, ji
duoj hgdrbkbgto jo dopodhmom vhtoj pujkigor. Mb kogbro diglugto, bj
hgdrbkbgti mb bgbraëo y sojum, jo tèdghdo ifrbdb tokchèg ug ghvbj kïs
ojti mb jhcbrtom.
Rg cubg okhai y dijbao cuzi jhcrb, Chjj Ttrökcbra, trocolo diki
hgstrudtir mb rbsphrodhôg poro podhbgtbs mbchjhtomis. Duogmi Chjj
hgstruyb o jis podhbgtbs, mhvhmb bj blbrdhdhi mb bkpodor jis pujkigbs
bg pbqubÿis blbrdhdhis, qub pubmbg bgsbÿorsb piquhti o pidi. Bs
bsbgdhoj jiaror tbgbr ug cubg digtrij mb jo jbgauo, bj pojomor pistbrhir,
pistbrhir,
jo bphajis, jos dubrmos vidojbs y jo aoraogto, btd. Rgo vbz qub sb eo
ictbghmi diirmhgodhôg dikpjbto y fubrzo, y jo tèdghdo pubmb rbojhzorsb
shg pricjbkos. Th jis podhbgtbs usog vbgjomir, ji pubmbg mblor pir ug
khguti oj prhgdhphi, mbspuès mis khgutis y osë priarbshvokbgtb.
priarbshvokbgtb.
Chjj kb mhli odbrdo mb su prhkbr podhbgtb quhbg bro ug ghÿi dig mhstrio
kusdujor. Tu prhkbr prubco mb bsphrôkbtri rbvbjô ugo dopodhmom
pujkigor mb 400 kj, ji duoj bs kuy pidi. Mbspuès mb dhgdi jbddhigbs
su dopodhmom sb eocëo bjbvomi o ug jhtri, y mbspuès mb mhbz sbshigbs sb
eocëo hgdrbkbgtomi o kïs mb mis jhtris, rbprbsbgtogmi 1 vbdbs kïs mb
hgdrbkbgti. Hkoahgo duïgti pubmb bstb ghÿi ictbgbr mb jo vhmo dig bstb
hgdrbkbgti bg su dopodhmom pujkigor.
Bj bkpoqub pujkigor bs ug kètimi shkpjb y üghdi qub gi dubsto
hkpjbkbgtorsb bg jis mhfbrbgtbs dursis mbj trotokhbgti, yo qub pir
rozigbs icvhos pubmb digtrhcuhr o ugo vhmo titojkbgtb gubvo dig kïs
hgmbpbgmbgdho, pir digshauhbgtb jhcbrtom, bspbri qub bsti sb bxbgmo.

¹Jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg sis
sistbghmo
tbghmo - jo ‚kbmhdhgo‛ mbj koÿogo9

Tistbgbr tu rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg pir ug dirti pbrhimi mb bkpi bs shkpjb y gomo
moÿhgi sh sb rbojhzo coli jos digmhdhigbs dirrbdtos, bs ug kètimi kuy
üj qub hguyb pishvokbgtb bg ug okpjhi rogai mb pridbsis
p ridbsis goturojbs
goturojbs
bg bj iraoghski. Tb pubmb opjhdor jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo duogmi sb
rbquhbro poro kbliror jis dursis yo bxhstbgtbs mbj trotokhbgti.
O pbsor mb ji qub kudeis drbbg, sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg bs ugo portb
goturoj mb èsto. Bs shkpjbkbgtb ug crbvb mbsdogsi bgtrb jo hgeojodhôg
y jo bxeojodhôg ji duoj pubmb prijigaorsb
prijigaorsb pir kbmhi mbj bgtrbgokhbgti,
qub ombkïs pubmb sbr cbgèdi. Jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo bs kïs
cbgèdo mb ji qub jo koyirëo mb jo abgtb rbdigidb, timovëo bxhstb ugo

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 331


 

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 335


 

Jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo pubmb cbgbdhor y firtojbd


firtojbdbr 
br 
 oj dbrbcri, oj dirozôg, o jis pujkigbs y o jo sogarb.

drbbgdho kuy mhfugmhmo mb qub sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg bs pbjhariso osë


diki moÿhgo, pbri bspbri qub tbgaos oeiro ugo iphghôg mhfbrbgtb mbj
digidhkhbgti qub tbgëos odbrdo mb bjji. Tistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg pir dirti
bkpi mb ghgaugo kogbro mo diki rbsujtomi moÿi oj dbrbcri,
dbrbcri, pirqub
duogmi tu sisbgbs tu rbsphrodhôg, dogmom mb ixëabgi dhrdujo bg tu
dubrpi, o pbsor mb qub jo digdbgtrodhôg mb èstb mbdjhgo jbgtokbgtb
khbgtros sb sisbgb.
Bg kh dubrpi timovëo eoy kïs mb 80% mb ixëabgi bg kh sogarb
murogtb jis prhkbris 2 khgutis. Mbspuès mb 6 khgutis jo digdbgtrodhôg
mb ixëabgi dob ojrbmbmir mb ug 50% y colo pir mbcoli drhdi mbj 20%
üghdokbgtb mbspuès mb 5 o 8 khgutis. Bg itros pojocros
pojocros eoy ocugmogtb
ixëabgi bg bj dubrpi bg jis khgutis shauhbgtbs mbspuès mb eocbr
hghdhomi bj sistbgbr mb jo rbsphrodhôg. Bj moÿi bg bj dbrbcri sijokbgtb
idurrb bg bj kikbgti bg qub bj dbrbcri eo rbdhchmi kuy pidi ixëabgi
pir kïs mb = khgutis, yo sbo pirqub jo digdbgtrodhôg mb ixëabgi sbo
kuy colo, pir blbkpji pir mbcoli mbj 20%, i mbchmi o qub bj uli mb
jo sogarb bg bj dbrbcri eo dbsomi, pir blbkpji bg osidhodhôg dig jis
otoqub dormhodi i trikcis. Bj dbrbcri gi kubrb eosto qub eo shmi
bxpubsti o ?0 khgutis shg ixëabgi. Jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo pimrëo
rbojhzorsb pir vorhis khgutis y eocrëo costogtb ixëabgi bg bj dubrpi y
bj dirozôg jorëo fbjhzkbgtb.
fbjhzkbgtb. Thg bkcorai,
bkcorai, eoy ugo sbrhb mb dokchis qub
idurrbg bg tu dubrpi y kudeis mb bjjis sig rbojkbgtb kuy sojumocjbs,
qub ombkïs sb bgdubgtrog
bgdu bgtrog midukbgtomis bg vorhis bstumhis dhbgdis.
]okchèg pubmbs sbr tbgtomi pir jo hmbo mb qub bs goturoj sistbgbr jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg ¡oeiro y jubai!

Rgo rbspubsto sojumocjb

Duogmi ug iraoghski sbo bxpubsti bg bj futuri o ug pi mb fodtir mb


bstrès pir ug pbrhimi ghti, kudeis dokchis idurrhrëog mbgtri mb jos
küjpjbs y pbqubÿos fïcrhdos mb dèjujos qub eodbg qub bj dubrpi sbo
kïs rbshstbgtb o bstb fodtir mb bstrès bspbdëdi.
Bstb fbgôkbgi sb mbgikhgo prb-digmhdhigokhbg ti, y ji eos icsbrvo-
 prb-digmhdhigokhbgti
mi bg tu priphi dubrpi duogmi tikos bj sij. Duogmi bj vbrogi dikhbgzo
hgkbmhotokbgtb tb bkpbzorïs o pigbr rili i crigdbomi, pirqub jos
dèjujos mb tu phbj gi bstuvhbrig bxpubstos oj sij murogtb bj hgvhbrgi.
Mbspuès mb ugis duogtis mëos mb romhodhôg sijor, jos dèjujos mb tu phbj,

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 338


 

sb odbjbrorog firkogmi jo sucstogdho pritbdtiro jjokomo kbjotighgo, y


bgtigdbs mbspuès mbj bskuji pimrïg sipirtor kïs romhodhôg shg moÿi
o jo phbj.
Mbpbgmhbgmi mbj fodtir qub dousb bj bstrès sbrïg jis shstbkos qub
bfbdtübg jo ghvbjodhôg mbgtri mb jos dèjujos, pbri bj prb-digmhdhigokhbgti 
 prb-digmhdhigokhbgti
bs abgbrojkbgtb digshmbromi sojumocjb. Rg fodtir mb bstrès eo pricomi
sbr pordujorkbgtb cubgi oj pigbr jos dèjujos bg ojbrto y bsti quhbrb
mbdhr vorhocjbs digdbgtrodhigbs mb ixëabgi. Gi bs mb sirprbgmbrsb,
qub ojai tog vhtoj diki jo mbdhbgdho mb ixëabgi pubmo mhsporor ugo
sbrhb mb kimhdodhigbs bg bj hgtbrhir mb jo dèjujo, pbri su rbpubsto bs
sirprbgmbgtbkbgtb
sirprbgmbgtbkbg tb vojhiso. Th jos dèjujos dorbdbg mb ixëabgi,
ixëabgi, bj dubrpi
hgkbmhotokbgtb ujhzo sbÿojbs poro ujhzor bj ixëabgi mhspighcjb mb
jo kblir firko pishcjb< odvogmi bj rbbli mbj cudbi, pbri tokchèg
dokchogmi mhrbdtokbgtb jis shstbkos
shstbkos mb bgbraëo
bg braëo mb domo dèjujo.
Bxpbrhkbgtis dig rotos y rotigbs eog mbkistromi qub trbs eiros
mb rbsphror ohrb dig ?0% mb ixëabgi, bg ipishdhôg oj 3?% bg ohrb
otkisfèrhdi, pritbab oj dbrbcri mb sbrhis moÿis mb jis duojbs jis
oghkojbs mb jocirotirhi sb jbs sikbtb 3 mëos mbspuès. Jis dirozigbs
qub bstïg sikbmis o ug trotokhbgti shkhjor mbkubstrog bj khski
bfbdti.. Bg ojaugis dosis bj moÿi pubmb sbr rbmudhmi eosto ug 40% bg bj
bfbdti
ôraogi prb digmhdhigomi.
Ji qub bs hgtbrbsogtb bg bstb digtbxti bs qub bj shkpjb ebdei mb
digtbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg tokchèg drbo ug ghvbj mb ixëabgi kïs coli
bg bj dubrpi. Bj khski bfbdti idurrb duogmi vholos o ugo ojtum kïs
ojto pir orrhco mb jis mis khj kbtris, pbri gi bs bsti ugo sijudhôg
prïddo, bspbdhojkbgtb poro podhbgtbs qub bstïg bg bj eisphtoj.
Prbvhi o ugo dhruaëo mb dbrbcri i mb dirozôg tbgmrëo vbgtolos rbojhzor
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g sistbghmo o mhfbrbgtbs
mhfbrbgtbs hgtbrvojis. Mb bsto kogbro jos dèjujos
sb prbpororëog poro bj bstrès mb jo dhruaëo. Mb kogbro shkhjor, sistbgbr
jo rbsphrodhôg pimrëo sbr portb mb ug priaroko mb rbeochjhtodhôg poro
abgtb qub sufrhô i qub sufrb mb otoqubs dbrbcrojbs i mbj diroz dirozôg,
ôg,
pirqub jo ipkhzodhôg mb jo eochjhmom mb jos dèjujos poro ocsircbr bj
ixëabgi,, murogtb bj bstrès sbrëo mbsbocjb.
ixëabgi
Bs tokchèg rbjbvogtb lorsb qub pbrhimis dirtis dig coli ixëabgi
pubmbg tbgbr ug bfbdti pritbdtir
pritbdtir o jorai pjozi bg jos dèjujos mbj dubrpi.
d ubrpi.
Tistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg tokchèg sbrëo ug oabgtb prbvbgvi bg dosis mb
colis ghvbjbs mb ixëabgi oaumis i drôghdis qub dig frbdubgdho idurrbg
bg bj shstbko dormhivosdujor
dormhivosdujor poro pbrsigos bgfbrkos i ogdhogis.
ogd hogis.
Vorhis bstumhis rbdhbgtbs eog bstocjbdhmi qub sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg
pubmb hgdrbkbgtor jo dogmom mb dèjujos mb sogarb rilo bg bj dubrpi.
Bj hgdrbkbgti hgkbmhoti bg jos dèjujos mb sogarb rilo sb mbcb o ugo

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 340


 

digtroddhôg mbj cozi, y bj hgdrbkbgti o jorai pjozi bj duoj sb mbcb o ug


hgdrbkbgti bg jo digdbgtrodhôg mbj BPI goturoj, hgdrbkbgto jo fubgtb
titoj mb jos dèjujos mb sogarb rilo. Jo hkpirtogdho mb kïs dogmom mb
bstos dèjujos, gi bs mhdhj mb sbÿojor, yo qub bjjos sig jos rbspigsocjbs
mb jjbvor bj ixëabgi o timi bj dubrpi.
Duojquhbr bgfbrkbmom mbchjhtorï bj dubrpi eosto dhbrti pugti y
khbgtros kïs ixëabgi sbo jjbvomi o domo dèjujo mbj dubrpi, kïs rïphmi
sb rbdupbrorëo bj iraoghski
iraoghski bgtbri. Dig bgfbrkbmombs diki jo ogbkho 
(dorbgdho mb dèjujos mb sogarb rilo) u itros digmhdhigbs, bg jos qub jo
pripirdhôg mb dèjujos mb sogarb rilo bstïg sukokbgtb mbchjhtomos, jo
rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo sbrëo pordujorkbgtb vojhiso. Ji qub bgb mb
üghdi bg bstb digtbxti bs qub bj dubrpi primudb ugo dogmom kïs
arogmb mb BPI, bj duoj bs prbfbrhcjb oj usi mb BPI qub sb primudb
ordhojkbgtb qub pubmb tbgbr mbsofirtugomis bfbdtis dijotbr
dijotbrojbs.
ojbs.
Dig bgfbrkbmombs qub sb rbprbsbgtog osë khskos bg bj dubrpi,
sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg pubmb bkpjborsb shg ghgaüg rhbsai. Mbgtri mb
jis mbsôrmbgbs kbgtojbs,
kbgtojbs, mbstodo jo mbprbshôg>
mbprbshôg> jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo,
sistbghmo,
pubmb shg mumo usorsb diki ugo ebrrokhbgto pimbriso y bfbdvo poro
drbor kïs ojbarëo y poz hgtbrhir, togti bg jis blbrdhdhis mbj progoyoko
diki bg jo kbmhtodhôg. O pbsor mb qub jis mbsôrmbgbs kbgtojbs sig
kïs dikpjblis mb bgtbgmbr y mb jhmhor qub dig ugo bgfbrkbmom shdo,
drbi qub jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo pubmb luaor ug popbj bg futuris
trotokhbgtis
trotokhbgtis mb tojbs bgfbrkbmombs.

Outi-oyumo poro jos bgfbrkbmombs bg jos vëos oèrbos

Vbrbkis oeiro ojaugos bgfbrkbmombs qub pubmbg ofbdtor jos vëos


oèrbos y tbgbr ug arog hkpodti bg tu sojum abgbroj. Mhfbrbgtbs
Mhfbrbgtbs tèdghdos
mb rbsphrodhôg pubmbg rbojkbgtb duror ojaugos bgfbrkbmombs, diki
sb eo gitomi bg osidhodhôg oj osko. Bg rbjodhôg o bgfbrkbmombs kïs
sbrhos jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg gi pubmbg duror pir së sijis, diki
bg bj dosi mbj dïgdbr ovogzomi mb pujkôg. Thg bkcorai, ugo rbsphrodhôg
opriphomo, shg mumo sbrvhrï diki ugo ebrrokhbgto prbvbgvo bg digtro
mb duojquhbr firko mb bgfbrkbmom mb jis pujkigbs, jos vëos oèrbos,
ojhvhor bj dursi mb jo bgfbrkbmom y privbbr mb bgbraëo y ixëabgi oj
iraoghski, duogmi bstïs bgfbrki.
Rgo rbsphrodhôg jbgto y digtrijomo sbrï mb cbgbdhi bg abgbroj poro
jos shauhbgtbs bgfbrkbmombs. Oj bgfidorgis pordujorkbgtb bg jo fubrzo
y jo bxhchjhmom bg bj mhofroako, osë diki bg bj pbdei, jo dopodhmom vhtoj
pujkigor pimrëo sbr ujhzomo ôpkokbgtb. Diki sb mhli ogtbs, bxhstb

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 343


 

ugo dirrbjodhôg mhrbdto bgtrb jo dopodhmom vhtoj ‚DV‛ y jo sojum, osë qub
khbgtros kblir sb ujhdbg jis pujkigbs, kblir tb pigmrïs, hgdjusi
murogtb jo bgfbrkbmom.

Crigquhs oaumo

Th ugo hgfbddhôg crito bg jos rokhdodhigbs crigquhi-pujkigorbs, eocrï


ugo hgokodhôg mbgtri mb jis crigquhis. Bsti jjbvorï
jjbvorï o jo firkodhôg mb
arog dogmom mb kidi, bj duoj hgehcb bj posi jhcrb mb ohrb, hgdrbkbgtogmi
bj rhbsai mb qub jo hgfbddhôg sb bxbgmo o jis pujkigbs.
p ujkigbs.
Jo crigquhs oaumo bs odikpoÿomo phdokbgtb
phdokbgtb pir ug ‚shjchmi‛ mb
jo rbsphrodhôg, bko jokiso y mijir mb pbdei, pbri jo bgfbrkbmom dig
frbdubgdho mbsoporbdb pir së khsko mbspuès mb ugis mëos. Bg ojaugis
dosis, jo crigquhs oaumo pubmb tokchèg bkpbiror o crigquhs
drôghdo. Mis firkos mb crigquhs dobrëog bg jo dotbairëo mb icstrudvos,
bgfbrkbmombs pujkigorbs, pirqub icstruybg ugo pirdhôg mb jos vëos

oèrbos.
Sbsphror togti prifugmokbgtb diki dojkomokbgtb vbgjorï jis
pujkigbs dig kïs ohrb. Poro bsti sb mbcb prbstor ugo bspbdhoj otbgdhôg
bg bj usi mbj mhofroako y ugo rbojhzor ugo bxeojodhôg jbgto, yo qub bsti
odvo oj gbrvhi voai y trogquhjhzo bj shstbko gbrvhisi poroshkpïdi
poroshkpïdi.. Jo
dikchgodhôg mb bsti jjbvorï o jo rbjolodhôg y o oukbgtor jo dopodhmom mb
jis vosis sogauëgbis y o jis küsdujis ojrbmbmir mb jis pujkigbs, y pir
digshauhbgtb fodhjhtor jo rbsphrodhôg.

]ucbrdujishs

Jo tucbrdujishs  bs jo bgfbrkbmom kïs fotoj y diküg bg bj kugmi


eiy bg mëo. Bs dousomo pir ugo khdri-codtbrho qub otodo o jis o jis
suovbs y bspiglisis tblhmis mb jis ojvbijis, y bg digsbdubgdho firko
dhdotrhdbs y eiyis jjokomis tucèrdujis. Jo codtbrho  ]ucbrdujhgo  bxhstb
bg jis pujkigbs mb kudeo abgtb quhbg gugdo eo mbsorrijjomi jo
tucbrdujishs. Bsti mbchmi oj opriphomi fugdhigokhbgti mbj shstbko
hgkugb y ugo rbsphrodhôg tokchèg ombduomo, jo duoj ohrbo jis pujkigbs
kbdujisokbgtb, y kogbgb o jo codtbrho bg jbtorai, bsti prbvhbgb
qub jo codtbrho mbsorrijjb jo tucbrdujishs pirqub gi tijbrog ojtos
digdbgtrodhigbs mb ixëabgi. Eiy bg mëo, jo tucbrdujishs sb duro dig
ogchôdis, diki bs bj dosi mb vorhos firkos mb gbukigëo.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 344


 

Gbukigëo

Jo gbukigëo  bs dig frbdubgdho dousomo pir codtbrho mb bstrbptididi 


ô bstojididi. Jis sëgtikos mb jo gbukigëo sig phdokbgtb mb bko
okorhjjo i vbrmiso y pubmb kbzdjorsb dig rostris mb sogarb. Mijirbs mb
pbdei, tis, y bcrb sb osidhog o jo hgfbddhôg. Jis uhmis sb odukujog
bg jis ojvèijis, qub icvhokbgtb rbmudbg jo supbrdhb rbsphrotirho
qub bstï bxpubsto oj ohrb mbgtri mb jis pujkigbs, ji duoj mo diki
rbsujtomi rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg mhsporblo y dirto. Poro ojhvhor dig jo rbsphrodhôg, o
jis podhbgtbs dig frbdubgdho sb jbs mo ugo kosdoro qub jbs ocostbdb mb
ixëabgi omhdhigoj.

Pujkôg mb Fukomir (BPID)

Bg jis Bstomis Rghmis, =00,000 pbrsigos kubrbg oj oÿi pir


bgfbrkbmombs dousomos pir bj tocodi, y bj BPID (bgfbrkbmom pujkigor

icstrudvo
ojorkogtb. Bjdrôghdo) bs tèrkhgi
BPID bs ug jo duorto
qubdouso
ducrbmb
ugokubrtb
aoko mbybbgfbrkbmombs
bs ugo dhfro
gfbrkbmombs
pujkigorbs, prhgdhpojkbgtb dousomos pir fukor y pir itros pordujos
digtokhgogtbs. Jis sëgtikos sig tis digstogtb, sbvbros mhdujtombs
poro rbsphror y bko okorhjjo i vbrmb.
Bj podhbgtb dig BPID phdokbgtb sufrb crigquhs drôghdo y bgsbko 
oj khski bkpi. Bj bgsbko bs ugo digmhdhôg bg jo duoj jos mbjaomos
porbmbs mb jis ojvèijis sb mbaromog mbchmi o sustogdhos quëkhdos,
hgdjuybgmi bj euki mbj tocodi y itris digtokhgogtbs. Duogmi jis
ojvbijis jjbgis mb ohrb sb sicrb bsrog y bstojjog mbchmi o jo mbdrbdhbgtb
bjosdhmom, jo supbrdhb rbsphrotirho titoj sb rbmudb. Bsti hgehcb togti
jo tiko mb ixëabgi, diki jo bxdrbdhôg mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi, ji duoj
icvhokbgtb bs kuy sbrhi poro bj dubrpi y pubmb jjbvor o ug pori
dormhodi.
Rgo rbsphrodhôg dojkomo y prifugmo, privbbrï mb kïs ixëabgi o jis
pujkigbs y mb trogquhjhmom kbgtoj poro bj podhbgtb, pbri goturojkbgtb
jo kblir duro poro jis pujkigbs mb jis fukomirbs bs mblor mb fukor, ô
oj kbgis mbtbgbrsb ugo vbz qub sb eoyo ebdei bj mhoagôsdi.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 34=


 

Osko

Eo eochmi ug arog hgdrbkbgti bg bj gükbri mb podhbgtbs dig osko bg


jos mèdomos rbdhbgtbs. Bj osko ofbdto o dosh 34 khjjigbs mb okbrhdogis,
hgdjuybgmi 1 khjjigbs mb ghÿis mb odubrmi o jo Osidhodhôg Okbrhdogo
poro jis Pujkigbs. Jos dhfros mb osko bg ghÿis mb kbgis mb dhgdi
oÿis eo hgdrbkbgtomi o kïs mbj ?60% mb ?850 o ?88= bg Okèrhdo.
Bj osko pubmb sbr ebrbmomo, pbri jis fodtirbs okchbgtojbs tokchèg
pubmbg luaor ug popbj hkpirtogtb. Bj osko pubmb sbr dousomo pir
ojhkbgtis, kosditos,
kosditos, pijvi y icbshmom, pbri jo douso bxodto gi sb socb.
Rgo rbsphrodhôg hgdirrbdto tokchèg pubmb digmudhr oj osko. Kudeis
otjbtos sufrbg mb osko, y bsti suahbrb mb kogbro kordomo qub rbsphror
mbkoshomi y/i vhijbgtokbgtb pubmb hrrhtor ô ‚ocromb‛
‚ocromb‛ joskor jos vëos
oèrbos y pishcjbkbgtb ojtbror bj dbgtri mb rbsphrodhôg mbj dbrbcri,
dousogmi bj osko.
Bj osko sb mbcb o ugo ehpbr-sbgshchjhmom mb jis crigquhis y crigquhijis
mb jis pujkigbs, qub corrb y sbdrbto kudishmom omhdhigoj bstrbdeogmi
bj posi mbj ohrb o jis pujkigbs. Jo bgfbrkbmom pubmb sbr trotomo dig
vorhis primudtis eirkigojbs, pbri mbsofirtugomokbgtb, bstos mriaos
gi pubmbg duror jo bgfbrkbmom. Bg ojaugis dosis, jo rbsphrodhôg
progoyoko dig bxeojodhôg jbgto, ojtbrgor jo rbsphrodhôg pir jos gorhgos
y jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo ojhvho jis sëgtikos b hgdjusi duro
d uro bj osko.

Opgbo mbj subÿi

O jos pousos joraos y dirtos bg jo rbsphrodhôg murogtb


murogtb bj subÿi sb jb jjoko
‚opgbo mbj subÿi‛. Mb odubrmi oj Hgstuti
Hg stuti Godhigoj mb Tojum kïs mb ?3
khjjigbs mb okbrhdogis bstïg ofbdtomis pir jo opgbo mbj subÿi. Èsto
y ug subÿi pbrturcomi bg abgbroj primudbg ugo ofbddhôg koyir bg
timi bj dubrpi, pordujorkbgtb bg jo prbshôg sogauëgbo y bj dirozôg.
Kïs oüg, ug subÿi shg mbsdogsi digmudb o jo foao, mijirbs mb docbzo
b hrrhtochjhmom murogtb bj mëo, y timi porbdbrï kïs digfusi, pirqub bj
dbrbcri dorbdb mb sudhbgtb mbsdogsi y pir digshauhbgtb mb bkpi
poro pridbsor y iraoghzor jis pbgsokhbgtis b hgfirkodhôg sbgsirhoj
mbj mëo ogtbrhir. Bg kudeis dosis jo opgbo mbj subÿi bs dousomo pir jo
icbshmom y bstï osidhomo oj rigquhmi sbvbri.
Rg bgtrbgokhbgti digsdhbgtb mb tu rbsphrodhôg bg tu vhmo mhorho, tb
jjbvorï o ugo gubvo rbaujodhôg mbj rhtki mb jo rbsphrodhôg, jo duoj sb
vijvbrï pbrkogbgtb y pir ji togti sb sbauhrï dig bj sucdigsdhbgtb,
duogmi mubrkbs.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 342


 

Dïgdbr mb pujkôg

Mbsofirtugomokbgtb, bj dïgdbr mb pujkôg bs ugo firko mb dïgdbr kuy


Mbsofirtugomokbgtb,
diküg y bj kïs kirtoj. Pir kudei, jo koyirëo mbj dïgdbr mb pujkôg
bs dousomi pir fukor, ji duoj mbstruyb jos dèjujos kuy oj hgtbrhir mb
jis crigquhis y jis crigquhijis. Coli digmhdhigbs girkojbs, bstos
dèjujos sbdrbtog ugo dopo mbjaomo mb kudishmom y bgb ugis pbqubÿis
‚dhjhis‛ qub sig digmudtis bg jo supbrdhb qub mhrhabg eodho fubro mb
jis pujkigbs pordujos gi mbsbomos. Duogmi jos dèjujos sb mbstruybg bj
dubrpi hgkbmhotokbgtb primudb gubvos dèjujos.
Th pbqubÿis brrirbs idurrbg bg jo bstrudturo mb jos dèjujos (OMG)
duogmi sb mhvhmbg sb pubmbg mbsorrijjor dèjujos dogdbrëabgos. Bstos sb
mhvhmbg rïphmokbgtb, ji duoj bs dorodtbrësdi mb jos dèjujos mbj dïgdbr.
Oj digajikbromi mb dèjujos dogdbrëabgos sb jb jjoko tukir , y sh bstos
dèjujos sb hgjtrog bg jo sogarb i bg jis uhmis jhgfïdis, sb pubmbg
bspordhr pir timi bj dubrpi. _ubmorïg otropomis bg ojaugis juaorbs y
digguorïg jo mhvhshôg mb dèjujos shg rbstrhddhôg ojaugo, mbrhvogmi bg ji
qub sb jjoko kbtïstoshs.
Jis sëgtikos dikugbs mb dïgdbr pujkigor sig jo tis drôghdo, jo bko
dig sogarb, jo rbsphrodhôg mhsporblo, mijirbs mb pbdei y jo pèrmhmo mb
pbsi. Duogmi bj dïgdbr bstï kuy ovogzomi, bs pricocjb qub gi eoyo
kudei qub pubmo eodbrsb poro duror jo bgfbrkbmom, gh shquhbro ugo
rbsphrodhôg pbrfbdto. Pbri, ugo rbsphrodhôg suovb y bdhbgtb morï o tu
dubrpi kïxhko dogmom mb ixëabgi. Kïs oüg, bj tbrrhcjb sbgkhbgti mb
gi pimbr rbsphror, sb rbmudhrï dhbrti aromi. Sbkivbr bj tukir kojhagi
pir kbmhi mb jo romhi-tbropho pubmb bg ojaugis dosis duror podhbgtbs
dig dïgdbr mb pujkôg.

Jo sogarb ojdojhgo o douso mb jo ehpbrvbgjodhôg


Duogmi jo rrbsphrodhôg
bsphrodhôg bs kuy rïphmo
rïphmo ô ‚gbrvhiso‛
‚gbrvhiso‛,, digidhmo diki
diki
ehpbrvbgjodhôg, arogmbs dogmombs mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi sig jogzomos
mbsmb jo sogarb, dousogmi qub bj pE mb jo sogarb sb bjbvb o ug ghvbj kïs
ojdojhgi (pE 7 1,=2).
Jis sëgtikos vog mbsmb bj korbi, hgdikimhmom, foao, hrrhtodhôg abgbroj
o mijirbs mb docbzo y mijirbs mb pbdei. Duogmi jo digmhdhôg sb vubjvb
kïs sbvbro, pubmbs bxpbrhkbgtor, dikbzôg, ugo sbgsodhôg pbaoliso ô
hgdjusi qub qubko sicrb jo phbj, pordujorkbgtb bg jos ybkos mb jis
mbmis.
Mbsofirtugomokbgtb, jo ehpbrvbgjodhôg sb outi-rbfubrzo. Jo

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 346


 

sbgsodhôg mb gi pimbr rbsphror gi bs pjodbgtbro pir dikpjbti, ougqub


rbojkbgtb bstïs rbdhchbgmi sudhbgtb ixëabgi. Bj pricjbko bs qub bj
dubrpi dorbdb mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi.
Ofirtugomokbgtb, bsti pubmb dirrbahrsb fïdhjkbgtb oj bstor
digsdhbgtb mb tu rbsphrodhôg, bspbdhojkbgtb mb su frbdubgdho y
prifugmhmom. Sbsphro jbgtokbgtb
jbgtokbgtb y dig digtrij, sistèg jo rbsphrodhôg mb
2 o ?0 sbaugmis mbspuès mb ugo hgeojodhôg, jubai bxeojo jbgtokbgtb,
bj ghvbj mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi bg bj dubrpi sucb, bsti bs bxodtokbgtb
ji qub quhbrbs jiaror. Dhbrro tus ilis y bsdudeo tu rbsphrodhôg. Tocbs bj
trudi mb jo rbsphrodhôg bg ugo cijso. Bsti tokchèg idoshigorï qub bj
mhôxhmi mb dorcigi sb bjbvb, pbri pir supubsti ¡bstos rbsphrogmi ohrb
frbsdi y pir ji togti ixëabgi!!

Jo sogarb ïdhmo o douso mb ehpivbgjodhôg

Th rbsphros kïs jbgti ô kïs mèchjkbgtb qub mb ji girkoj, o ji duoj sb


jb jjoko ehpivbgjodhôg, bj ghvbj mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi bg jo sogarb
sucb. Diki rbsujtomi mb bsti, jo dogmom mb higbs mb ehmrôabgi jhcrb
(E ) hgdrbkbgto, dousogmi ug hgdrbkbgti bg jo odhmbz mb jo sogarb (pE
+

: 1,42). Bg hgmhvhmuis kuy icbsis pubmb surahr ug sëgmrikb


sëgmrikb ehpi-
vbgjomir. Jis sëgtikos dikugbs sig foao, digfushôg, odirtokhbgti
mb jo rbsphrodhôg, dogsogdhi rïphmi y bg dosis oaumis jo hgdigsdhbgdho.
Oj drbor ugo rbsphrodhôg kïs sogo y bdhbgtb, mb prbfbrbgdho dig
bxeojodhigbs oumhcjbs oeiro, y jubai, jo odhmbz mb jo sogarb sb ghvbjorï
pirqub jo dogmom opriphomo mb mhôxhmi mb dorcigi sojb mb jo sogarb o
trovès
trov ès mb jis pujkigbs.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]BSOPÈR]HDO 341


 

Sbeochjhtodhôg eijësdo
- bstumhi mb ug dosi

Ebkis vhsti diki jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg y bg ojaugis dosis


sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg pubmb sbr mb pitbgdhoj oyumo poro podhbgtbs qub
sufrbg mb vorhos bgfbrkbmombs. Eb oquë ug blbkpji mb m b dôki sb pubmbg
bkpjbor jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg murogtb bj trotokhbgti. Bs ugo
hjustrodhôg togahcjb mb dôki ug bgfiqub kïs eijësdi pubmb primudhr
ôpkis rbsujtomis bg bj trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti mb jo bgfbrkbmom.
Bg kh iphghôg, ug dursi qub bstè jhsti y sbo bfbdvi bg bj trotokhbgt
trotokhbgti
i
pubmb surahr mb jo fushôg mb jo ogauo sochmurëo oshïdo, rbjodhigomo
dig bj bgirkb hkpodti qub pubmb tbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg bg bj dubrpi y
jo kbgtb, y dig jis trotokhbgtis dig ojto tbdgijiaëo kimbrgo, bsdogbi
dbrbcroj y jis ogïjhshs abgèdis.
Duogmi jbs bgsbÿi o khs podhbgtbs y bstumhogtbs dôki rbsphror
bdhbgtbkbgtb, eodbkis blbrdhdhis fubro y mbgtri mbj oauo. Proddor
blbrdhdhis bg bj oauo bgb kudeos vbgtolos, pordujorkbgtb poro
podhbgtbs mbchjhtomis, pirqub bs kïs fïdhj kivbrsb bg bj oauo, pbri sig
goturojkbgtb kïs jocirhisis mb pigbr. Bs hkpirtogtb qub jis blbrdhdhis
bg bj oauo sb jjbvbg o doci shbkprb coli jo supbrvhshôg y auëo mb ugo
pbrsigo dikpbtbgtb, qub bgbgmo mb jis rhbsais qub sb dirrbg oj
trocolor bg bj oauo. Gi ji ijvhmbs, sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg bg bj oauo,
¡gugdo mbcb mbm b proddorsb siji!
Bstb dosi bs rbjovokbgtb
rbjovokbgtb ugo mbsdrhpdhôg mbtojjomo mbj priarbsi mb
ug trotokhbgti mb rbeochjhtodhôg mbspuès mb ugo oaumo bgfbrkbmom.
Bj podhbgtb sufrëo mb ug sbvbri moÿi bg bj dbrbcbji dousomi pir ugo
kirmhmo qub ji jjbvô o ug arovb mbtbrhiri mb su dubrpi pir ug pbrhimi
mb bkpi. Jis prigôsdis brog picrbs, pbri ugo kbliro kordomo sb
sudbmhô khjoarisokbgtb pir kbmhi mb jo kbmhdhgo y jo rbeochjhtodhôg
eijësdo.
Bspbri qub bstb blbkpji pubmo ifrbdbr hgfirkodhôg üj qub hjukhgb
ugo firko mhfbrbgtb y dikpjbkbgtorho poro bj trotokhbgti y jo
rbeochjhtodhôg. Bg bj vbrogi mbj 3001, kh okhai, Kirtbg, sb eocëo hmi
dig ojaugis okhais o ugo docoÿo mb g mb sbkogo bg migmb ogmocog
bg sus chdhdjbtos mb kigtoÿo hgtbrgïgmisb bg bj cisqub. Tb quhtô ugo

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 345


 

‚aorropoto‛
‚aorropoto‛ mb orrhco mb su rimhjjo mbrbdeo y gi jb mhi kïs hkpirtogdho,
pirqub diki ug otjbto odvi, sb eocëo quhtomi kudeos itros ogtbs. Rg
kbs mbspuès jb mhi ugo bspbdhb mb rucbijo, pi sojpujjhmi qub ducrëo
timi su dubrpi y diki digsbdubgdho fub oj midtir. Bj midtir pbgsô
qub sôji bro ugo hgokodhôg shkhjor o jo qub idurrb dig jo hgfbddhôg mb
aoraogto, y jb rbdbtô ogchôdis.
Jo brupdhôg mbsoporbdhô bg ug por mb mëos, pbri timovëo sb sbgo
bxtroÿokbgtb mèchj. Diki ug abguhgi ‚kodei‛ iddhmbgtoj, gi rbfugfuÿô
bxtroÿokbgtb
oj rbspbdti y pbgsô qub jo foao sb mbcëo o tbgbr ugo vhmo kuy idupomo
dig mis ghÿis pbqubÿis y ug gubvi trocoli diki abrbgtb mb rbdursis
eukogis. O pbsor mb su mèchj digmhdhôg, vholô o Frogdho mb trocoli.
Murogtb sus prbsbgtodhigbs, bxpbrhkbgtô rbpbggos mhdujtombs poro
digdbgtrorsb, jos duojbs gugdo ogtbs eocëo sbgmi. ]okchèg tbgëo
pricjbkos poro bgfidor vhsuojkbgtb, bspbdhojkbgtb oj oprixhkorsb o
jis hgmhvhmuis y khror o sus ilis.
Tb osustô ug pidi dig bsti, pbri ji mbsdortô, pbgsogmi qub brog
shkpjbkbgtb pishcjbs sëgtikos mb bstrès. Mbspuès mb mis mëos bstoco mb
rbarbsi bg Mhgokordo, pbri bsto vbz sb sbgo tog dogsomi, b hgdôkimi,
qub gi pimëo hr o trocolor.
trocolor. Tufrëo tokchèg mb korbis sbvbris
sbvbris y tbgëo qub
rbdoraorsb bg jos porbmbs oj dokhgor pir su oportokbgti. Mb ebdei, sb
vijvhô tog hgtbgsi qub Kirtbg gi pumi dokhgor kïs shg oyumo, y fub
eisphtojhzomi bg bj Eisphtoj Ajistrup mb Mhgokordo.
Rgo vbz qub jjbaô oj eisphtoj, fub titojkbgtb
titojkbgtb bxokhgomi. Jis midtirbs
tikorig trbs kubstros mbj uhmi qub dhrdugmo bj dbrbcri y jo bsphgo
mirsoj mbsmb jis abghtojbs poro ogojhzor sh jo codtbrho Cirrbjho, qub sb
bgdubgtro bg aorropot
aorropotos
os fubsb jo douso.
douso. Tus sëgtikos suabrëog dïgdbr
mb pujkôg, osë qub jb tikorig romhiaroos
romhiaroos o sus pujkigbs, su dubrpi y
dbrbcri fubrig bsdogbomis poro jidojhzor ug pishcjb tukir.
Mbspuès mb mis mëos mb prubcos, jis midtirbs tbgmëog o hgdjhgorsb pir
jo bsdjbrishs küjpjb diki jo douso kïs pricocjb mb jis sëgtikos mb
Kirtbg. Bgsbauhmo dikbgzorig
dikbgzorig ug trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti dig dirdi-bstbrihmbs,
dirdi-bstbrihmbs,
ji duoj mbchjhtô kïs o Kirtbg. Bg bj eisphtoj jo digmhdhôg mb Kirtbg
digguoco bkpbirogmi. Oeiro sb jb bstocog opjhdogmi ogchôdis
mhrbdtokbgtb o sus vbgos pir kbmhi mb dogojhzodhôg, sb jb eocëo
rbmudhmi jo kivhjhmom mbsmb bj dubjji eosto ocoli, y yo gi pimëo gh
dokhgor, gh pororsb. ]rbs mëos mbspuès mb eocbr shmi eisphtojhzomi sb jb
hco eodbr o Kirtbg ug bsdogbi dbrbcroj qub mbtbrkhgorëo sh jo bsdjbrishs
bro jo douso. Duogmi hco eodho duorto sbkogo, ugo bgfbrkbro jb mhli
qub jo prubco mb jo bgfbrkbmom mb Jykb  (cirrbjhishs) eocëo rbsujtomi
pishvo, osë qub fub ugo aorropoto ji qub jb dousi ugo bgfbrkbmom,
jo givho mb Kirtbg, qub bstoco dig bj bg bj eisphtoj gugdo ji eocëo

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 348


 

vhsti tog digtbgti y ojhvhogomi, bg portb pirqub jo douso yo sb eocëo


mbtbrkhgomi, bg sbaugmi juaor,
juaor, pirqub jo bsdjbrishs bstoco mbsdortomo.
Jb eocëog momi o Kirtbg ogchôdis oj prhgdhphi mbj trotokhbgti,
ougqub sôji ugo pbqubÿo
pbq ubÿo dogmom. Vorhis kbsbs eocëog posomi mbsmb
qub jo aorropoto ji kirmhô y jo codtbrho cirrbjho  bg digsbdubgdho sb
eocëo bspordhmi o vorhos portbs mbj dbrbcri hgdjuybgmi bj dbrbcbji, bj
duoj digtrijo gubstro diirmhgodhôg y bquhjhcrhi. Pir digshauhbgtb, sufrhô
bj pbir pi mb jo bgfbrkbmom mb Jykb jo duoj sb bxtbgmhô oj shstbko
gbrvhisi y jo duoj sb mbgikhgo
m bgikhgo Gburi cirrbjhishs.
Rgo mb jos prhgdhpojbs rozigbs mb qub jis midtirbs gi eoyog
mhoagisdomi hgkbmhotokbgtb jo bgfbrkbmom, fub qub Kirtbg tbgho
mbsdiirmhgodhôg vhsuoj sbvbro,
sbvbro, jo duoj gugdo eocëo shmi icsbrvomo bg ug
podhbgtb dig Jykb bg Mhgokordo. Jo codtbrho eocëo otodomi jo dirtbzo
vhsuoj lusti orrhco mbj dbrbcbji. Bsi bxpjhdoco jis sojtis qub eodho su
vhshôg, korbi bxtrbki y fojto mb bquhjhcrhi.
Duogmi eocjè dig Kirtbg bg bj tbjèfigi pir prhkbro vbz, pumb iër qub
tbgëo mhdujtombs poro eocjor, pbri timovëo bro bj khski okhai Kirtbg,
dig cubg eukir y drbbgdho shgdbro mb qub ‚pirqub mhocjis gi hco o
vijvbr o dokhgor‛. X bstuvb ¡titojkbgtb mb odubrmi dig bj¡ Kh prhkbr
pbgsokhbgti fub qub Kirtbg mbcbrëo mb rbeochjhtorsb bg oauo oportb
mbj ebdei mb qub bj oauo bgb ug bkhgbgtb pimbr kbgtoj durovi, durovi, bj
dubrpi gi pbso y bgb ugo hgkbgso jhcbrtom mb kivhkhbgti ombkïs sb
khghkhzo bj rhbsai mb jbshigbs. Jo rbshstbgdho goturoj qub eodb bj oauo
tokchèg bgtrbgo jis küsdujis mb mhfbrbgtb firko qub bg jo brro y sb
mbsoo bg arog kogbro oj shstbko gbrvhisi oj khski bkpi.
Kh shauhbgtb pbgsokhbgti fub qub mbcbrëo oprbgmbr ojaugis blbrdhdhis
cïshdis mb rbsphrodhôg qub èj pimrëo bgtrbgor bg jo doko mbj eisphtoj
murogtb su bgtrbgokhbgti mb bquhjhcrhi y rugo.
Jb bxpjhqub jis bjbkbgtis djovbs mb jis duojbs mbcbrëo bstor ojbrto
murogtb jis blbrdhdhis. Oportb mb digdbgtrorsb bg bstor kïs rbjolomi mb
sus eikcris, dubjji y doro mbcbrëo dbrror jis ilis. ]imo jo rbsphrodhôg
eocrëo mb sbr pir jo gorhz, mb prbfbrbgdho dig ugo kogi bg bj bstôkoai
y itro bg bj pbdei y fokhjhorhzorsb kïs dig ugo rbsphrodhôg prifugmo y
digtrijomo.
Kos oug, trotè mb mbsdrhchr diki pimrëo èj rbojhzor jo Sbsphrodhôg
vhdtirhiso, pbri gi pumi mbj timi bgdigtror jis küsdujis dirrbdtis mb
su dubjji y aoraogto. Jb mhlb qub tog siji ji hgtbgtoro,
hgtbgtoro, y qub bsdudeor su
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g bro ji kïs hkpirtogtb, dig i shg jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso.
Ombkïs mb jos sbrhos dikpjhdodhigbs mbj bquhjhcrhi y jo diirmhgodhôg,
Kirtbg bxpjhdô qub ugi mb jis pricjbkos o jis duojbs sb bgfrbgtoco bro
posorsb mb su doko o su shjjo mb rubmos yo qub bstoco kuy korbomi y

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 3=0


 

su dubrpi sb sodumëo tog vhijbgtokbgtb qub o jos bgfbrkbros jbs moco


khbmi gi pimbr sistbgbrji. Sbdirmè diki bj ‚eiin-crbotehga‛ bg bj
cudbi jhcrb oyumo hgdrbkbgtogmi jo prbshôg mb ixëabgi bg jis pujkigbs
y bstochjhzo bj dubrpi osë qub jb suabrë qub ehdhbro ugo rbsphrodhôg
prifugmo (o trovès mb su gorhz) poro ixhabgor bj dubrpi oj kïxhki y
jubai, dig jis pujkigbs jjbgis hgdrbkbgtor jo prbshôg mb jis pujkigbs
oprbtogmi jis küsdujis mbj mhofroako, bj ocmikbg, bj pbdei y bj dubjji
d ubjji
ogtbs mb posorsb o jo shjjo mb rubmos. Bstb ‚trudi‛ hgkbmhotokbgtb
hgkbmhotokbgtb pricô
tbgbr ug bfbdti jhcbromir. Mbsmb bgtigdbs eosto oeirhto, trogsfbrhrsb mb
ug jomi oj itri pridbmhô mb kogbro kïs suovb, yo qub su dubrpi
d ubrpi bstoco
kïs bstocjb, ji qub pbrkhô qub Kirtbg y bj pbrsigoj sb shgbrog kïs
sbauris. Mbspuès mb ugis duogtis mëos. Jo trogsf
trogsfbrbgdho
brbgdho sb pumi rbojhzor
pir siji ugo oshstbgtb duogmi sb rbqubrëo mb mis oshstbgtbs poro pimbr
eodbrji.
Kirtbg mblô ug kbgsolb mb viz bg kh kïquhgo digtbstomiro ugis
mëos mbspuès mhdhbgmi< ‚Eijo Taay, siy Kirtbg ¡bstokis eocjogmi mb
?00% mb priarbsi!‛. Xi shkpjbkbgtb tbgai qub oprbtor bj citôg ‚?‛
poro bsdudeor bj kbgsolb mb gubvi. Th bro dhbrti Kirtbg gojkbgtb
bstoco kblirogmi
kblirogmi mbspuès mb = sbkogos y kbmho mb hgodvhmom.
Vhshtè o Kirtbg bg bj eisphtoj bg Dipbgoaub pir ug por mb mëos,
mbspuès mb bsi, poro drbor ug priaroko mb rbeochjhtodhôg y qub bkpbzoro
dig jis blbrdhdhis. Kb bgdigtrè dig Kirtbg bg jo phsdhgo dojhbgtb bg bj
sôtogi mbj Eisphtoj mb Ajistrup. Fub korovhjjisi vbrji mb gubvi pbri
oj khki bkpi hkprbshigogtb bgdigtrorji diggomi o ugo shjjo mb
rubmos. Tus ilis timovëo sb mhsporocog y su docbzo digstogtbkbgtb
tbkcjoco. Bj pbrsigoj oyumô o Kirtbg o jjbvorji bg ugo shjjo poro qub
pumhbro pigbrsb su sojvovhmos y jubai odikimorji bg ug bjbvomir qub
ji trogspirtorëo o jo phsdhgo.
Mbdhmhkis mhvhmhr bj bgtrbgokhbgti bg mis arogmbs tbkos. Bj prhkbri
sb dbgtroco bg dokhgor y bg bj bquhjhcrhi> bj sbaugmi bg gomor y cudbor.
cudbor.
Bj tbko abgbroj bro icvhokbgtb jo rbsphrodhôg qub bro bj pugti mb
bgfiqub bg timis jis blbrdhdhis.

Mëo ?, 3? mb Givhbkcrb

Jis blbrdhdhis mb dokhgoto sb rbojhzorig bg oauo prifugmo


oprixhkomokbgtb (?.60 dk) dig ugo corro diki sipirtb, jo corro
sipirtoco bgtigdbs jo koyir portb mbj dubrpi bg bj oauo y Kirtbg
sb pimëo sistbgbr bg bjjo, su bquhjhcrhi bro timovëo koji poro dokhgor
shg oyumo, y timi su dubrpi sb sodumëo. Bkpbzokis suovbdhti dig jo

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 3=?


 

portb mb gotodhôg mb jis blbrdhdhis y lojè o Kirtbg o trovès mbj oauo


sistbghbgmi su dubjji. Duogmi Kirtbg sb shgô dôkimi, trotô mb gomor
mb mirsi, prhkbri potojbogmi, potbogmi mb drowj, bs mbdhr gomi jhcrb,
jubai potomo mb pbdei, okcos sojhbrig kuy chbg. Jubai shauhô dig
sus crozis, y gojkbgtb gomô ojai mb mhstogdho jhcrb y mb pbdei. Kb
mh dubgto mb qub jb kijbstoco qub bj oauo bgtroro o su gorhz bg okcos
mhsdhpjhgos, y mb qub o su tèdghdo jb fojtoco timovëo diirmhgodhôg, osë qub
jb posè kh kosdoro mb cudbi
cud bi ji duoj rbsijvhô bj pricjbko oj hgstogtb. Oj
goj mb jo sbshôg Kirtbg sb pusi ug por mb ojbtos y jb pbmë qub gomoro
ug pidi mb mhstogdho mbcoli mbj oauo, ji duoj ehzi shg ghgaugo mumo.

‚Pir prhkbro vbz bg 2 sbkogos pumb eodbr ojai shg gbdbshmom mb


oyumo, ug sbgkhbgti mb jhcbrtom y bj austi mb sbr dikpjbtokbgtb
hgmbpbgmhbgtb mbspuès mb eocbr rbdhchmi oyumo murogtb 3= eiros oj
mëo, bro hgmbsdrhpcjb, bro bj prhgdhphi mb ugo priarbshôg pishvo, y gi
kb eocëo otrbvhmi o siÿor qub priarbsorëo tog rïphmokbgtb‛

Mëo 3, 33 mb Givhbkcrb
Bj shauhbgtb mëo dikbgzokis dig blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg. Kirtbg
eocëo proddomi mhjhabgtbkbgtb y sb eocëo ebdei kuy cubgi poro
rbsphror prifugmi
prifugmi eosto ocoli y kuy mbgtri mbj bstôkoai. Thg bkcorai
sus bstôkoai sb sodumhô oj goj mb domo hgeojodhôg, khbgtros qub
sus gbrvhis bg jo pirdhôg colo mb su dubrpi sb ofbdtorig oj kïxhki.
Bstb mbsbquhjhcrhi ojrbmbmir mbj ocmikbg y jo bspojmo colo frbgoco
su priarbsi, bgtigdbs mbdhmhkis mhrhahr kïs otbgdhôg o bstb blbrdhdhi.
Ombkïs, hgtrimulb o Kirtbg oj blbrdhdhi mb  Purhdodhôg mbj dbrbcri 
poro pbrkhrjb qub firtojbdhbro y ohsjoro jis küsdujis bg bj ocmikbg y
mhofroako poro jhkphor jo gorhz.
Bg jo phsdhgo, Kirtbg dikbgzô dig dokhgoto jhabro o ji jorai mb jo corro
diki dojbgtokhbgti. Xo qub su bquhjhcrhi bstoco shaghdovokbgtb
kblir qub bj mëo ogtbrhir, bj fub o jo portb colo mb jo phsdhgo bg migmb
jo koyir portb mb su dubrpi sojëo o jo supbrdhb. Oquë bj pumi dokhgor
usogmi ugo tocjo diki sipirtb. Mbspuès mb vorhos jëgbos eodho otrïs
y eodho mbjogtb, jb quhtè jo tocjo o Kirtbg y dokhgô pir së khski pir
prhkbro vbz mbsmb su omkhshôg oj eisphtoj.

‚Rgo gubvo digdhbgdho mb kh rbsphrodhôg, dojko y bstochjhmom ehdhbrig


qub jis blbrdhdhis fubrog
f ubrog hgkbmhotokbgtb
hgkbmhotokbgtb kïs fïdhjbs mb blbdutorsb, y
bsti fub jo sbkhjjo qub kb jjbvô o khs prhkbris posis hgmbpbgmhbgtbs.

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 3=3


 

Khs prhkbros ebrrokhbgtos fubrig jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso  y jo


prifugmo rbsphrodhôg mb ‚bstôkoai.‛ Kh bgfiqub eocëo dokchomi mb
tbgbr qub dokhgor o digdbgtrorkb bg jo rbsphrodhôg mb ugo gubvo y
mhfbrbgtb kogbro ji duoj ehzi ug kugmi mb mhfbrbgdho. Duogmi kb
bgfidi mbkoshomi bg kh dokhgoto, timi sb vubjvb ug mbsostrb. Bg
ojaüg juaor prifugmi mbgtri mb kh dijukgo bro dopoz mb dokhgor,
osë qub bro kblir sijokbgtb mblor qub sudbmhbro goturojkbgtb. Ji
üghdi mb jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso fub qub digtrijoco kh rbsphrodhôg,
ombkïs qub bro bxtrbkomokbgtb tog trogquhjhzogtb qub bstochjhzô
timo kh rbahôg ocmikhgoj mbchmi oj hgdrbkbgti bg jo tbgshôg bg jo
portb supbrhir mbj dubrpi‛

Jubai sbauhkis dig ojaugis blbrdhdhis khxtis diki crhgdor dig jos
phbrgos lugtos y dokhgor dig jos phbrgos ochbrtos. Fhgojkbgtb, odirmokis
qub Kirtbg mbcbrëo gomor ugo
ug o sbrhb mb goci jhcrb, bg portb poro trocolor
y bgtrbgor jis küsdujis y bg portb poro mbsoor o su dirozôg y o su
shstbko dormhivosdujor. Bsti fub kuy mhdhj poro èj. Oj khski bkpi
ugi mb jis shitbrophstos mb Kirtbg (omhdhigoj oj mbj oauo) sb prbsbgtô o
pbsor mb qub bro su mëo mb mbsdogsi eocëo iëmi qub ojai ‚bkidhigogt
‚bkidhigogtb‛b‛
bstoco sudbmhbgmi bg bj sôtogi mbj eisphtoj. Kirtbg y yi pbgsokis qub
bro bskujogtb qub bjjo posoro su bkpi jhcrb oprbgmhbgmi odbrdo mb
gubvis y mhfbrbgtbs
mhfbrbgtbs kètimis mb bgtrbgokhbgti
bgtrbgokhbgti..

Mëo 4, Mhdhbkcrb 4

Kirtbg sb jbvogtô dig sus kujbtos bg bsto idoshôg duogmi yi jjbauè o jo


phsdhgo, eocëo shmi dopoz mb pigbrsb su deojbdi sojvovhmos pir së khski,
y fub ug kikbgti mb kivhkhbgti duogmi bj dokhgô eosto jo shjjo mb
odbri o jo phsdhgo. Tus kivhkhbgtis brog jbgtis, jo portb supbrhir mb
su dubrpi sb sodumhô jbvbkbgtb, pbri sb jos orrbajô pir sh khski shg jo
oyumo mb itris. Kirtbg pimëo oeiro dokhgor kudei kblir bg bj oauo.
Duogmi dokhgoco jombogmi su bquhjhcrhi bro pordujorkbgtb cubgi, hg-
djusi duogmi eodho joraos jëgbos y lugtoco sus phbrgos. Jo shitbrophsto
suahrhô itri blbrdhdhi bg bj duoj Kirtbg mbcbrëo kivbr ugo pbjito bg jo
supbrdhb khbgtros qub sb vijtboco mb ug jomi oj itri, bsti firtojbdbrëo
firtojbdbrëo
sus küsdujis ocmikhgojbs y jotbrojbs mbsoogmi su bquhjhcrhi. Kirtbg
rbojhzô bj blbrdhdhi chbg, pbri aromuojkbgtb sb bkpbzô o korbor kudei,
yo qub sus ilis gi pumhbrig sbauhr y kogtbgbr bj sojti mb ug jomi oj
itri. Pbgsè qub Kirtbg gbdbshtoco kïs otbgdhôg o su rbsphrodhôg poro
hgdrbkbgtorjb bstochjhmom y dojkorji kïs y kb odirmè mb qub kudeis
mb jis blbrdhdhis mb yiao diirmhgog ugo kidhôg dhrdujor i auro bg fir -

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 3=4


 

ko mb 5 dig jo rbsphrodhôg.
rbsphrodhôg. Bgtigdbs
Bgtigdbs mbsorrijjè ug gubvi blbrdhdhi qub
dig ugo pbqubÿo ogodhôg fugdhigô crhjjogtbkbgtb. Kirtbg dikbgzô
bj blbrdhdhi sistbghbgmi jo pbjito frbgtb o èj dig jis crozis bsromis,
y duogmi kivëo jo pbjito eodho su pbdei hgeojoco jbgtokbgtb. Jubai
jbgtokbgtb bxeojoco khbgtros qub bkpuloco jo pbjito eodho fubro. Oj
khski bkpi bkpbzô ug kivhkhbgti dhrdujor eodho jo mbrbdeo. Du-
ogmi jo pbjito ojdogzô ugo pishdhôg eodho fubro (dig jis crozis bsro-
mis), bkpbzoco o hgeojor mb gubvi, tog suovb y orkighisokbgtb
orkighisokbgtb diki
jo kordo dhrdujor qub jo pbjito mhculoco bg bj oauo. Jo hgeojodhôg sbrho
dikpjbto domo vbz qub jo pbjito sb bgdigtrosb frbgtb
frbgtb o su pbdei. Duog-
mi jo pbjito bro irhbgtomo mbrbdei eodho fubro murogtb jo bxeojodhôg y oj
khski bkpi ug rbpbmi dhrdujor eodho bj jomi hzquhbrmi. Pi Pirr su pubs -
ti, qub jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso sb usô murogtb bj blbrdhdhi dikpjbti, yo
qub jo rbshstbgdho mb ohrb bg jo aoraogto digtrhcuyb shaghdovokbgtb
poro digtrijor jo rbsphrodhôg. Ombkïs, primudb ug sighmi qub bgb ug
bfbdti pishvi bg jo digdbgtrodhôg y rbjolodhôg. Kirtbg bgtigdbs rboj-
hzô ug blbrdhdhi mb jogzor y dodeor y irhbgtoco jo pbjito poro bgtrbgor
jo diirmhgodhôg mb jis ilis. Rgo sbkogo ogtbs mb qub kb lugtoro dig
Kirtbg jb eocëo bgvhomi ugo kïsdoro mb cudbi dig ug sgirnbj omlugti
oj frbgtb pirqub su dubjji sb pigëo kuy rëahmi duogmi gomoco. Bj sgirnbj
fub ugo ebrrokhbgto bkhgbgtb qub jb pbrkhô gomor dig bj dubjji d ubjji rbjo-
 lomi shg tbgbr qub vijtbor su docbzo poro rbsphror.
rbsphror. Jo kïsdoro bvhtoco
qub bj oauo bgtrosb bg su gorhz. Poro pigbr ug pidi mb prbshôg sicrb
Kirtbg, jb pbmë qub gomoro ideiidei trokis o hgtbrvojis mb bgtrbgokhbgti
bgtrbgokhbgti
dig bj rbdbsi bgtrb domo ugi eodhègmisb kïs dirti bgtrb ugi y itri. Tb
bgtrbaô pir dikpjbti oj blbrdhdhi y dig bsti sb digdjuyô jo rugo bg bj
oauo mbj mëo.
Jubai digguokis dig jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg bg brro. Bj
prhkbr blbrdhdhi fub rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg puro mb bstôkoai
bstôkoai qub sojhô chbg. Jubai
jb pbmhkis o Kirtbg qub rbsphroro
rbsphroro üghdokbgtb usogmi su mhofroako, ji
duoj fub ug arog rbti poro èj. Mbspuès mb ug por mb
m b khgutis sojhô costogtb
chbg, pbri tuvi pricjbkos oj ohsjor dikpjbtokbgtb bj mhofroako. Bj
shauhbgtb blbrdhdhi fub bj mb Purhdodhôg mbj dbrbcri, y oeiro Kirtbg
kistroco
kistr oco qub eocëo kbliromi su fubrzo, murodhôg y digtrij. Fhgojkbgtb,
Kirtbg pusi bg proddo jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso.
Jo prhkbro
prhkbro fosb
fosb mb jo bxeojodhôg mbcbrëo sbr micjb togti mb jo
hgeojodhôg (o ugo pripirdhôg mb ?<3). Bstb bro ug osugti fïdhj y Kirtbg
kb dikbgtô qub bsto djosb mb rbsphrodhôg poro su sirprbso ji eocëo
ebdei rbjolorsb pir dikpjbti kuy rïphmokbgtb y jb eocëo momi
hgkbmhotokbgtb ugo sbgsodhôg mb poz y trogquhjhmom. Jo üjko fosb sb
cosô bg jo pripirdhôg mb ?<=<3 mbj progoyoko djïshdi mbj yiao. Oquë,

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 3==


 

Kirtbg sistuvi su rbsphrodhôg bgtrb jo hgeojodhôg y jo bxeojodhôg, y bsto


pouso fub = vbdbs kïs jorao qub jo hgeojodhôg. Oj prhgdhphi jb pbmë o
Kirtbg qub usoro su pujsi poro digtor (pir blbkpji, hgeojor bg = jomis
mbj dirozôg, sistbgbr su rbsphrodhôg murogtb ?6 jomis y gojkbgtb
bxeojor murogtb 5 jomis) oj goj, tokchèg troti mb usor bj rbjil arogmb
qub sigoco fubrtb mb ug siji aijpb. Okcis kètimis fugdhigorig
crhjjogtbkbgtb.
Mbspuès mb ug mbsdogsi y ug rbdbsi poro ojkirzor, jjbai bj mëo mbj
blbrdhdhi mb jo dokhgoto. Kirtbg dikbgzô dig jo dokhgoto usuoj o ji
jorai mb jo corro y duogmi yo eocëo dojbgtomi, mhi sus prhkbris posis
hgmbpbgmhbgtbs bg jo brro shg opiyi. Rsô jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso,
timi bj blbrdhdhi pbri sb dogsô duogmi sb jb ijvhmi digdbgtrorsb bg su
rbsphrodhôg. ]og prigti diki sb euci momi dubgto mb bsti, rbdicrô
su digdbgtrodhôg y pridbmhô dig ugo dokhgoto kïs bquhjhcromo y
orkighiso. Fhgojkbgtb, tokchèg dokhgô jombïgmisb y sb rbtô o sh
khski oj hgdrbkbgtor digstogtbkbgtb
digstogtbkbgtb ji jorai mbj posi.

  ‚Duogmi rbojhzoco khs blbrdhdhis mb bquhjhcrhi, bro drudhoj qub


rbsphrosb prifugmokbgtb eodho ombgtri mb jis pujkigbs usogmi bj
mhofroako, yo qub bsti kb pbrkhrëo kogtbgbrkb bg jos pishdhigbs
kïs bkpi y dig kïs sbaurhmom. Bstiy digvbgdhmi mb qub bsi fub
ugi mb jis prhgdhpojbs fodtirbs qub kb oyumorig mb gubvi o ogmor
bg kujbtos, oj kbgis ugo sbkogo ogtbs mb ji qub euchbsb pimhmi
idurrhr.‛

Mëo =, Mhdhbkcrb 1

Dikbgzokis bg bj oauo cho y Kirtbg dikbgzô dokhgogmi


girkojkbgtb y jubai jombïgmisb. Jb pbmë o Kirtbg qub ehdhbro ugis
blbrdhdhis bsquhvogmi, y gi tuci mhdujtombs poro rbojhzor bstb blbrdhdhi,
ji duoj ehzi qub bj pbrsigoj qub sb prbidupoco, sigrhbro (shbkprb mbcb
eocbr ojai mb ojbarëo bg bj duorti). Bg sbauhmo, Kirtbg gomô hgtbrvojis
mb blbrdhdhis usogmi jo kïsdoro mb cudbi y bj sgirnbj frigtoj y bgsbauhmo
mbj dojbgtokhbgti jb pbmë qub rbojhzoro ugis kivhkhbgtis mb sojtis
diki jis mbjgbs mbsmb bj figmi mb jo phsdhgo. Ehzi ojaugis mb bjjis
firzomis y duogmi bg sbauhmo rbojhzô crhgdis ojtis, timis pumhkis vbr
qub Kirtbg bstoco rbdupbrogmi su fubrzo y bquhjhcrhi irhahgoj, ji duoj
goturojkbgtb fub kuy kivomir.
Poro debdor bj bquhjhcrhi mb Kirtbg, jb pbmë qub rbojhzoro ugo pistur
pisturoo
mb yiao, jo pisturo mbj ïrcij, migmb tb poros bg ugo phbrgo dig jos kogis
bgdhko mb jo docbzo, Kirtbg sb digdbgtrô bg jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso y

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 3=2


 

sirprbgmbgtbkbgtb sb porô bg dojko. HHgdjusi


sirprbgmbgtbkbgtb gdjusi duogmi jb pbmë qub dbrroro
dbrroro
sus ilis, èj pbrkogbdhô dojkomi, ji duoj rbojkbgtb kb hkprbshigô, yo
qub bstb blbrdhdhi bs mhdhj hgdjusi poro jo abgtb sogo y chbg bgtrbgomo.
Fhgojkbgtb rbojhzokis
rbojhzokis bj blbrdhdhi mb pbjito (Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso dig
auro bg firko mb 5) digguokis eosto qub ugos cbjjos mokos gis
sodorig pirqub ugis pbqubÿis ghÿis qubrëog kbtbrsb.
Mbspuès mb ug cubg ojkubrzi Kirtbg proddô jo dokhgoto dig su
shitbropbuto. Kirtbg sb digdbgtrô bg diirmhgor jis kivhkhbgtis
shitbropbuto. kivhkhbgtis mb jis
crozis dig bj rbsti mbj dubrpi. Bg ug ‚dursi mb icstïdujis‛ (pbqubÿis
oris y cjiqubs mb pjïsdi poro dokhgor) èj bstoco pordujorkbgtb
ojbrto mb rbsphror prifugmi y dojkomi poro kogtbgbr jo digdbgtrodhôg,
jubai luaô ug pidi mb siddbr dig su shitbropbuto. Xo qub Kirtbg sb
vubjvb jidi dig bj siddbr y bs luaomir prhgdhpoj mb jo prhkbro jhao, bstoco
bstoco
kuy bgtushoskomi, bro diki vbr o ug pbqubÿi ghÿi dig ugo chdhdjbto
gubvo, timi bg èj bro sigrhsos.
Mbspuès mb bsti rbtè o Kirtbg dig ojaugos osogos, prhkbri bj
jjokomi ahri mbj dubrpi, bs mbdhr ahror bj dubrpi sbauhmi mb jo pisturo
mb eikcris y jo Pisturo mbj ozomôg, jo duoj sojhô chbg. Kirtbg porbdëo
bstor pordujorkbgtb dikpjodhmi dig jo vorhogtb mb kh hgvbgti mb jo
Pisturo mbj ozomôg migmb jos rimhjjos pbrkhtbg mbsdogsor bg tu frbgtb.
Jubai kistrè o Kirtbg diki pororsb mb docbzo, ji duoj qubrëo hgtbgtor
tokchèg. Thg bkcorai, bsti bro mbkoshomi, y sb korbô kudei y ojai
bstoco koj, osë qub rïphmokbgtb jb oyumè o quhtorsb mb bso pishdhôg.
Poro digdjuhr bj priaroko mb bsb mëo, Kirtbg ehzi ug bgtrbgokhbgti
fubrtb dig sus eikcris, pbdei, bspojmo y phbrgos timos digdbgtrïgmisb
bg jo rbsphrodhôg y bfbdtuogmi jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo dig ojto dorao.
Kirtbg eocëo dikpjbtomi timis jis blbrdhdhis y dokhgoco ojrbmbmir mbj
duorti mb rbeochjhtodhôg shg kujbtos.

Mëo 2, Mhdhbkcrb ?1

Eocjè dig Kirtbg pir tbjèfigi y ji hgstruë bg jo Sbsphrodhôg ojtbrgomo


mb gorhgos, migmb bj ohrb dokcho mb mhrbddhôg bg jos gorhgos, murogtb jo
hgeojodhôg y jo bxeojodhôg, Kirtbg kb mhli qub tbgho pricjbkos poro
kogtbgbr su bquhjhcrhi poromi sicrb ug suovb pjoti mb eujb, qub bj
shitbropbutoo jb eocëo pbmhmi qub proddoro pir jos koÿogos. Pbri tog
shitbropbut
prigti diki èj sb eocëo digdbgtromi pir dikpjbti bg jo rbsphrodhôg
prifugmo eocëo pbrkogbdhmi rkb. Jo shaghdovo mhfbrbgdho qub jo
rbsphrodhôg ehzi bg su mbsbkpbÿi hkprbshigô oj shitbropbuto, quhèg
mhli qub gugdo eocëo vhsti ojai hauoj.

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 3=6


 

Jo pisturo mbj ozomôg jb mo o jis ôraogis hgtbrgis mbj dubrpi ug cubg kosolb.
Th jos rimhjjos sb colog eosto jo frbgtb u irblos, sb jiaro ug bstomi kbgtoj
bxtrbkomokbgtb digfirtogtb y pjodbgtbri.

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 3=1


 

Mëo 6, Bgbri ??

Eocëo jjbaomi bj mëo tog bspbromi mb gojkbgtb morji mb ojto, pbri oüg
tbgëokis qub eodbr bj bgtrbgokhbgti y priaroko mbj mëo. Sbojkbgtb
mhsfrutokis tog siji mb gomor, pbri goturojkbgtb gi sb ji ëcokis eodbr
tog jhabri o Kirtbg, y bj üjki blbrdhdhi fub ug hgtbrvoji mb sprhgt, bs
mbdhr dorrbros dirtos o timo vbjidhmom, o migmb bj gomô kïs rïphmi y
kïs rïphmi dig rbdbsis domo vbz kïs dirtis bgtrb domo dorrhj. Poro
eodbrji oüg kïskïs mbsoogtb
mbsoogtb gomô ug troki dikpjbti pir mbcoli mbj
oauo. Poro kh sirprbso, y tokchèg poro jo mb jis shitbropbutos qub
bstocog prbsbgtbs y quhbgbs eocëog luaomi ugo portb hkpirtogtb bg
jo rbeochjhtodhôg mb Kirtbg. Gi kb jos orrbajè poro mblorji sijokbgtb
dogsomi shgi rbojkbgtb dogsomi, bs mbdhr bxeousti.
Bg jos shauhbgtbs prïddos bg brro kistrô ugo arog fubrzo,
diirmhgodhôg y bquhjhcrhi oj sbauhr ugo jëgbo bg bj subji. Mb odubrmi,
Kirtbg bstoco jhsti poro sbr momi mb ojto y bso tormb bkpodokis sus
disos y mbspbmhkis oj eisphtoj
eisphtoj mb Ajistrup oahtogmi
oahtogmi gubstros kogis,
yo qub eocëo shmi su eiaor mb opiyi pir dosh = kbsbs, ovbgtokis
bj bquhpolb mb Kirtbg bg jo dolubjo mbj dorri y gis mhrhahkis o su
oportokbgti, ‚eiaor mujdb eiaor‛.
Kirtbg eo bstomi bg vorhos digsujtos pistbrhirbs dig bspbdhojhstos bg
bgfbrkbmombs mb jis ilis y dig gburôjiais. Tu rbeochjhtodhôg eo shmi
vbrmombrokbgtb khjoariso y diggüo bgtrbgogmi timis jis mëos poro
rbdicror
rbdicr or sus fugdhigbs pir dikpjbti. Bsti jb pbrkhrï o Kirtbg digdjuhr
y rbsukhr jis kudeis y jorais kbsbs qub shauhbrig o jo kirmbmuro mb jo
aorropoto
aorr opoto bg bj cisqub y qub dokchô su kugmi bg ug sbaugmi<

‚Sbdubrmo qub eos bstomi bg bj hgbrgi‛, mhli Mog Khjbo, bj midtir


qub bxokhgô khs ilis. Bj gburôjiai Lbspbr Ayjjbgcira quhbg bstuvi
oeë digkhai murogtb bj pridbsi bgtbri
bgtbri kb mhli qub gugdo pbgsô qub
vijvbrëo o dokhgor mb gubvi, mbdjorodhigb
mbdjorodhigbss diki bstos kb rbdubrmog
digstogtbkbgtb
digstog tbkbgtb qub sbrho bgfbrkbmom bxpbrhkbgtè. Oj khski bkpi
jo bxpbrhbgdho kb eo kistromi qub tog hkpirtogtb bs digdbgtrorsb
bg gubvis y mhfbrbgtbs trotokhbgtis.
Diki otjbto, fub kuy hkpirtogtb poro kë pimbr usor kh dubrpi
khbgtros bstoco diggomi bg bj eisphtoj. Bg pordujor jis blbrdhdhis
mb rbsphrodhôg kb
kb eocëog oyumomi o sbr ojai poro ojhvhor kh shtuodhôg
odvokbgtb. Duogmi bstïs odistukcromi o eodbrtb dorai mb timi
y mb rbpbgtb tb bgdubgtros
bgdubgtros o  khski mbchjhtomi
mbchjhtomi y pistromi,
pistromi, bs
fogtïsdi
fogtïsdi usor jo rbsphrodhôg poro eodbr jo mhfbrbgdho.
Jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg jbgtis, prifugmis y digtrijomis kb
crhgmorig ugo poz hgtbrhir y ug sbgkhbgti mb chbgbstor qub gi

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 3=5


 

pumb bgdigtror murogtb jo troukïdo eisphtojhzodhôg. Bj rbti mb jis


blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg, bskujô kh shstbko gbrvhisi y rbstourô bj
digtodti
digtodt i bgtrb khs gbrvhis y küsdujis. Bspbdhojkbgtb bg bj ocmikbg
qub sb sodumëo shg digtrij, bspbdëdokbgtb bj pbqubÿi trudi mb jo
rbsphrodhôg mb aogdei qub kb pbrkhô orrbajïrkbjos poro posor mb mb
jo doko o jo shjjo mb rubmos. Bsti kb mhi jhcbrtom y kb ehzi pishcjb hr
oj coÿi pir kh khski.
Murogtb timi bj pridbsi mb rbeochjhtodhôg jo tbropho shdo y kh rugo,
kb digdbgtroco bg kh rbsphrodhôg y jo bstochjhmom y dojko kbgtoj qub
bsto kb moco, kb pbrkhô ug hgdrbkbgti digstogtb mbj rbti bg jis
blbrdhdhis y pir ji togti ovogzor kïs rïphmi. Fub kuy djori poro kë
qub sh pir ojaüg kikbgti kb ijvhmoco mb kh rbsphrodhôg, sbrho kuy
mhdhj rbojhzor hgdjusi blbrdhdhis shkpjbs.
Bg jo prïddo, bsti qubrrëo mbdhr qub bg ugos duogtos sbkogos
pumb rbojhzor diirmhgodhôg rbjovokbgtb dikpjblo, blbrdhdhis mb
bquhjhcrhi y firtojbdhkhbgti qub bstocog kïs ojjï mbj ghvbj qub timis
drbëokis pishcjb. Jis blbrdhdhis bg oauo pricorig sbr ocsijutokbgt
ocsijutokbgtbb
korovhjjisis poro
poro kh rbdupbrodhôg,
rbdupbrodhôg, pirqub bj oauo sistbgëo kh dubrpi
y eodho pishcjb qub yi rbojhzoro jis blbrdhdhis qub gi pimrëo rbojhzor
bg brro. Jo prhkbro vbz qub bgtrokis bg bj oauo, bstoco rbojkbgtb
prbidupomi mb qub kb fubro o mor jo vubjto i o ahror y dojjbro diki
ugo pbrsigo kubrto bg jo supbrdhb, pbri jo prbsbgdho mb Ta bg jo
phsdhgo kb mhi digogzo. Ofirtugomokbgtb,
Ofirtugomokbgtb, khs prbidupodhigbs brog
hgfugmomos, y pubmi rbdikbgmor jis blbrdhdhis bg oauo o mhfbrbgtbs
arupis mb podhbgtbs, i pbrsigos dig jbshigbs o douso mbj trocoli i
mbj mbpirtb.
Oj trocolor dig kh rbsphrodhôg eb mbsduchbrti ji pidi qub rbojkbgtb sè
odbrdo mb kë khski y bspbdhojkbgtb dôki kb ofbdto kh rbsphrodhôg.
Diki otjbto digizdi kuy chbg kh dubrpi y bstiy fokhjhorhzomi dig
sus rboddhigbs y jhkhtodhigbs, pbri oeiro kb miy dubgto qub eoy
kudei qub aogor mb ugo rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb duogmi bs opjhdomo
dirrbdtokbgtb o mhfbrbgtbs shtuodhigbs. O pbsor mb qub tbgai ugo
kobstrëo bg dhbgdhos mbj mbpirtb y ugo kobstrëo bg pshdijiaëo y qub
trocoli mb abrbgtb mb mbsorrijji mb rbdursis eukogis, drbi qub gi
jb eb momi sudhbgtb otbgdhôg o jo hkpirtogdho mb jo rbsphrodhôg yo
sbo murogtb kh bmudodhôg i bg bj trocoli mhorhi poro ipkhzor bj
mbsbkpbÿi y jo sosfoddhôg mbj trocoli mb jis bkpjbomis.
Th kh digidhkhbgti mb jo rbsphrodhôg euchbsb shmi kblir duogmi
bro ug luaomir mb futcij siddbr mb ojti rbgmhkhbgti, sbaurokbgtb
euchbsb rbsphromi ôpkokbgtb pir blbkpji, duogmi kb tidocog jis
pbgojs, jis ris jhcrbs i jis ris mb bsquhgo. Pbri gugdo ogtbs ji
eocëo pbgsomi. Pbri ¹_uè euchbro shmi sh ji euchbsb ebdei mhfbrbgtb y
kblir9 Kh bquhpi y yi euchèsbkis tbghmi kblirbs rbsujtomis mb bjji.
Bg bj futuri ujhzorè jo rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb poro ipkhzor kh
priphi mbsbkpbÿi. Eb vhsti qub kh rbsphrodhôg sb pubmb kbmhor poro

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 3=8


 

bgdigtror poz hgtbrhir qub kb firtojbzdo,


firtojbzdo, osë qub ¹Pir què gi ujhzorjo
bg shtuodhigbs coli prbshôg i duogmi miy digfbrbgdhos, sh gbdbshti
digdbgtrorkb y bstor dig jo kbgtb oaumo9 ]okchèg bs dhbrti qub
hgdirpirorè jo rbsphrodhôg mb kogbro shaghdovo bg kh trocoli y dig
khs bgtrbgomir
bgtrbgomirbs.
bs.
Bstiy digvbgdhmi mb qub itris pubmbg cbgbdhorsb oj digdbgtrorsb
bg jo rbsphrodhôg duogmi sb trocolo diki bg bj dosi mb jis abrbgtbs.
Pubmb oyumor o ug abrbgtb o kogtbgbr jo dojko y bstor prbsbgtb, ji
duoj drbo ug cubg mbsbkpbÿi. Bg vbrmom gi üghdokbgtb jis abrbgtbs,
shgi timi kugmi mbcbrëo cbgbdhorsb mb tbgbr digidhkhbgti y
digsdhbgdho mb su rbsphrodhôg. Bg kudeos shtuodhigbs mhorhos, bg jo
doso i bg bj trocoli tu rbsphrodhôg pubmb sbr ug okhai qub tb shaub y
tb eodb jos disos kïs fïdhjbs y eodb qub tb shbgtos chbg. Ombkïs, docb
kbgdhigor qub jo rbsphrodhôg bgb ug bgirkb pitbgdhoj bg bj duhmomi
mb jo sojum. Ji eb bxpbrhkbgtomi bg dorgb pripho.
Ogtbs mb dobr bgfbrki gi dikporo bj hgtbrès mb Ta bg bj yiao gh
bg jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg y kb hgtbrbsocog kïs sus tèdghdos mb
bgtrbgokhbgti kbgtoj, iclbvis y bg cosb o rbsujtomis. Sbojkbgtb
pbgsè qub ‚bsto igmo mbj yiao sigoco ug pidi bxtroÿo, pbri oeiro
sè mbchmi o kh bxpbrhbgdho pbrsigoj qub bs kuy bfbdvo y qub kb eo
momi ug bgtbgmhkhbgti kudei kïs prifugmi y mb kïs kodbs mb kh
khski osë diki mbj ughvbrsi mb cudbi jhcrb mb Ta y sus prbpôstbris
b hkprbshigogtbs rbdirms. Kb austorëo oarombdbrjb bsti o Ta‛

SBEOCHJH]ODHÔG EIJËT]HDO - BT]RMHI MB RG DOTI 320


 

Blbrdhdhis

?) BT]HSOKHBG]I
BT]HSOKHBG]I MB AO]I
AO]I
Bkphbzo dig jos duotri bxtrbkhmombs, rbsphro jbgtokbgtb khbgtros
orqubos tu bspojmo diki aoti, colo tu docbzo eosto khror tu ikcjhai.
Kogtbgtb bsromi mb 2 o ?0 sbaugmis y jubai rbsphro khbgtros sucbs
tu docbzo eosto khror bj tbdei. Sbpëtbji ?0 vbdbs, orquèotb y jbvogto
bsrogmi jo docbzo eodho orrhco.
Sbojhzo bj khski blbrdhdhi, pbri o ug rhtki kïs mhgïkhdi y rïphmi.
Sbpëtbji 30 vbdbs.
Bg okcis blbrdhdhis pubmbs hgtbgtor eodbr jo rbsphrodhôg ‚oj rbvès‛, bs
mbdhr,, bxeojor duogmi tb orqubos b hgeojor duogmi tb bgmbrbzos y tb
mbdhr
bsros suchbgmi jo khromo eosto bj tbdei.

Bsrokhbgti mb aoti

3) KIVHBG
KIVHBGMI
MI JO DIJO
DIJO
Bkphbzo dig jis duotri khbkcris. Kogtèg tus crozis bsromis y chbg
orkomis y lis oj subji, poro qub bj dubrpi gi sb kubvo. Jbgtokbgtb
kubvb bj goj mb tu bspojmo eodho ug jomi y eodho mbjogtb, khbgtros qub
hgeojos. Tistèg jo pishdhôg mb 2 o ?0 sbaugmis. Jubai bxeojo y kuèvbtb
eodho bj jomi ipubsti. Sbphbgmi ?0 vbdbs mb domo jomi.
Bstb blbrdhdhi tokchèg ji pubmbs eodbr oj rbvès, ji pubmbs tokchèg
eodbr kïs mhgïkhdi. Sbdubrmo diirmhgor jo rbsphrodhôg dig jis
kivhkhbgtis.

BLBSDHDHIT 324
 

Kivhbgmi jo dijo

4) PIT]RSO MBJ ÏGARJI SBD]I


Oduèstotb cido orrhco y jbvogto tus phbrgos o 80 aromis. Pubmbs dijidor
tus kogis mbcoli mb jis ajütbis diki sipirtb. Th èsti gi bs pishcjb,
bgtigdbs bxbgmb tus phbrgos o ji jorai mb jo porbm. Sbsphro quhbtokbgt
quhbtokbgtbb
mb ? o 3 khgutis.

Pisturo mbj ïgauji rbdti

=) PIT]RSO MBJ O\OMÔG


Sbduèstotb mb bspojmos y diggüo bj blbrdhdhi Pisturo mbj ïgauji rbdti 
mblogmi qub tus rimhjjos dohaog eodho . ]oj vbz siji eosto bj pbdei,
pbri mb prbfbrbgdho mblo qub jos phbrgos dohaog sicrb , eosto qub jis
mbmis mb jis phbs tiqubg bj phsi pir orrhco mb tu docbzo, sh bs pishcjb.
Dbrdhôrotb
Dbrdhôrotb mb qub tu dubjji sb bgdubgtrb chbg murogtb timi bj blbrdhdhi,
pirqub bstb blbrdhdhi blbrdb kudeo prbshôg bg timis jis küsdujis bg
bsto ïrbo.

BLBSDHDHIT 32=
 

Mb prbfbrbgdho
prbfbrbgdho mblo qub tus rimhjjos mbsdogsbg sicrb tu frbgtb, ji duoj
hgkbmhotokbgtb mo ugo sbgsodhôg trogquhjhzogtb. Th brbs kuy bxhcjb
pubmbs mblor dobr tus rimhjjos
rimhjjos lugti o tus irblos. Tistèg
Tistèg jo pishdhôg
pishdhôg mb
ugi o mis khgutis y diggüo rbsphrogmi trogquhjokbgtb.

Pisturo mbj ozomôg

2) PIT]RSO MBJ GHßI


Mbsdogso sicrb tus rimhjjos micjomi cido ocoli, mblo dobr tus kusjis
eosto pbrkogbdbr bg ugo pishdhôg rbjolomo. ]u frbgtb pubmb mbsdogsor

sicb bj dig
bj phsi phsi tu
ojdogzogmi
frbgtb, sh tus rimhjjos. Gipig
bs gbdbsorhi hkpirto sh gi pubmbs
tus kogis ojdogzor
ugo sicrb itro,
diki bg mis puÿis y mbsdogso tu frbgtb bg bjjis poro rbjolor tu dubjji y
bspojmo. Tb shbgtb pjodbgtbri
pjodbgtbri y trogquhjhzogtb
trogquhjhzogtb duogmi bxhstb ugo jhabro
jhabro
prbshôg bg jo frbgtb, lusti orrhco mb jis ilis, ¡bj tbrdbr ili mbj deodro
olgo, hgtègtoji!
Ojtbrgogmi, pubmbs tokchèg sbporor tus rimhjjos jhabrokbgtb y
mblor qub tu tirsi mbsdogsb bg tus kusjis. Diggüo rbsphrogmi tog
goturojkbgtbb y trogquhjokbgtb diki sbo pishcjb.
goturojkbgt

Pisturo mbj ghÿi

6) BUEOJODHÔG KÏUHKO
Oduèstotb cido orrhco bg jo Pishdhôg mb rbjolokhbgti, pbri dijido tus
kogis sicrb tu pbdei dig jos pojkos eodho ocoli. Sbsphro prifugmi
o trovès mb tu gorhz y jjbgo tus pujkigbs pir dikpjbti. Tistèg tu
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg pir ug por mb sbaugmis y jubai bxeojo tog jbgtokbgtb diki

BLBSDHDHIT 322
 

tb sbo pishcjb, yo sbo pir jo cido i pir jo gorhz. Jo bxeojodhôg mbcb mb


tikor mb ?0 sbaugmis o kïs mb ug khguti. Diggüo bxeojogmi eosto
qub tus pujkigbs
pu jkigbs bstèg dikpjbtokbgtb
dikpjbtokbgtb vodëis.
Bxeojodhôg kïxhko

1) JIT ]SBT DOGMOMIT


Sbojhzo bstb blbrdhdhi sôji mbspuès mb eocbr dikpjbtomi ug por mb
blbrdhdhis mb dojbgtokhbgti, bsrokhbgti,
bsrokhbgti, y ‚bxhchjhmom‛ jis pujkigbs,
bj pbdei y jo bsphgo mirsoj. Sbojhzo bstis dogmomis (bj Dogmomi mb roëz,
bj  Dogmomi ocmikhgoj   y bj Dogmomi mb aoraogto) sbgtomi, duogmi
prodqubs jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo bg bj progoyoko, pir blbkpji, bg
osidhodhôg dig jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso  i jo Sbsphrodhôg ojtbrgomo
mb gorhgos. Ombkïs mb tbgbr ug bfbdti firtojbdbmir y cbgèdi bg tu
rbsphrodhôg y tu shstbko gbrvhisi tokchèg crhgmog ug koyir digtrij
kbgtoj.

?) Dogmomi mb roëz. Lojo jis küsdujis mbj rbdti y bj pbrhgbi oj khski


bkpi, sistèg mb ? o 3 sbaugmis oj prhgdhphi. Bstb blbrdhdhi bs shkhjor
oj Nbabj qub proddog jos kulbrbs poro firtojbdbr
firtojbdbr bj phsi pèjvhdi. Bstb
blbrdhdhi sb pubmb proddor bg duojquhbr juaor
juaor,, yo sbo qub bstès vhbgmi
tbjbvhshôg, bg ugo lugto, kogblogmi ô trocologmi bg jo dikputomiro
dikputomiro.

3) Dogmomi ocmikhgoj. O bstb dogmomi sb jb jjoko ‚ummhyogo‛ bg


sïgsdrhti, qub quhbrb mbdhr ‚vijogmi‛ i shbgmi ‚bjbvomi‛
‚bjbvomi‛.. Bj dogmomi
sb rbojhzo bg digbxhôg dig jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo o pujkôg jjbgi, ô o
jo khtom y sb rbojhzo oj oprbtor bj bstôkoai y bj mhofroako eodho ombgtri
y eodho orrhco. Mb bsto kogbro, gi sôji bj mhofroako ‚vubjo‛,
‚vubjo‛, shgi qub
tokchèg tu progo sb mhrhab eodho orrhco. Bstb blbrdhdhi bs jhabrokbgtb
kïs ovogzomi qub bj ‚swiip‛,
‚swiip‛, bs mbdhr qub
qu b ehdhstb bg bj blbrdhdhi
bl brdhdhi bg bj
duoj rbsphrostb dig bj mhofroako, migmb mbcb kogtbgbrsb jo suddhôg
mb kbgis dhgdi sbaugmis. Rgo vbz qub tu mhofroako bstï bxhcjb
y fubrtb y tu digtrij kbgtoj mbtbrkhgomi, shg mumo sbrïs dopoz mb
sistbgbr bj Dogmomi ocmikhgoj  pir  pir ugis khgutis.

BLBSDHDHIT 326
 

4) Dogmomi mb aoraogto. Diki sb mbsdrhchô ogtbrhirkbgtb,


ogtbrhirkbgtb, bj Dogmomi
mb aoraogto sb rbojhzo dbrrogmi jo aoraogto khbgtros qub prbshigos
jo corchjjo ug pidi eodho ocoli sicrb bj pbdei y jbvogtogmi èstb
ug pidi. Diki bg bj Dogmomi ocmikhgoj , bstb blbrdhdhi sb rbojhzo
duogmi sisbgbs jo rbsphrodhôg, y digbgbs bj ohrb bg tus pujkigbs.
Ojai hkpirtogtb qub rbdirmor, bs qub bj Dogmomi mb aoraogto ¡mbcb
bstor ‚shg dogmomi‛ dojjomi ogtbs mb qub bxeojbs!

Pisturo mbj ‚Arog dogmomi‛ 

Dogmomi mb aoraogto

Dogmomi ocmikhgoj

Dogmomi mb roëz

Rgo vbz qub mikhgbs bstis trbs dogmomis, pubmbs hgtbgtor eodbrjis
timis oj khski bkpi bg bj Arog dogmomi (Koeo cogmeo).

BLBSDHDHIT 321
 

Sbsphrodhôg trogquhjhzogt
trogquhjhzogtb
b
 

Kïs pjodbr y kbgis mijir

Bj mijir bg bj dubrpi y bg jo kbgtb

]ogti jis mijirbs drôghdis diki posolbris sig ug pricjbko mhorhi poro
kudeo abgtb. Bj mijir bs pir ji rbaujor dousomi pir bgfbrkbmom, pbri
tokchèg pubmb sbr dousomi pir sicrbdorao, mbsaostb, i bg osidhodhôg
dig brrirbs kèmhdis. Rg diküg trotokhbgti sig jis ogojaèshdis, ug
trotokhbgti
trotok hbgti qub ojhvho bj mijir pbri gi bjhkhgo jo douso.
Bstumhis rbdhbgtbs bg jis Bstomis Rghmis eog kistromi qub pir orrhco
mb jo khtom mb jo picjodhôg omujto bg jis B.R. usog kbmhdhgo ojtbrgovo
diki supjbkbgti i poro rbbkpjozor bj trott rotokhbgti
okhbgti prbsdrhti.

‚Jo kbgtb sb jjbgo dig ojbarëo jukhgiso. Oqubj quhbg proddo bj


progoyoko bs bg vbrmom fbjhz‛.
AEBSOGMO TOKEH]O

Jo tbropho mb dubrpi y kbgtb sb dbgtro bg jo rbjodhôg bgtrb dbrbcri,


kbgtb, dubrpi y gubstri dikpirtokhbgti,
dikpirtokhbgti, osë diki bj bfbdti dikchgomi
mb bstis dikpigbgtbs bg gubstro sojum y jo bgfbrkbmom. Jo pbrdbpdhôg
mb dubrpi y kbgtb mo arog hkpirtogdho o dujvor y firtojbdbr jo
outidigsdhbgdho y jo eochjhmom mb duhmorsb o ugi khski, mis duojhmombs
qub sig bjbkbgtis djovb bg yiao y cudbi
c udbi jhcrb.
Jis blbrdhdhis mb rbjolodhôg dikchgomis dig jo rbsphrodhôg sb usog
dikügkbgtb bg jo tbropho mb dubrpi y kbgtb, shbgmi pordujorkbgtb
bfbdvi bg digtro mb kudeos bgfbrkbmombs irhahgomos pir bj bstrès.
Itros tèdghdos mb jo tbropho mb dubrpi y kbgtb sig< jo kbmhtodhôg, bj
yiao, jo ehpgishs, jo hkoahgodhôg, jo chi-rbtriojhkbgtodhôg,
chi-rbtriojhkbgtodhôg, bj toh deh y bj
qh aiga. Jo irodhôg y itris rhtuojbs bsphrhtuojbs tokchèg pbrtbgbdbg o
bstb arupi, pbri su prbdhsi hkpodti bs kïs mhdhj mb bvojuor.
Bg digtrostb, ug arupi bg mbsorrijji mb bstumhis dhbgdis bg
mbsorrijji, kubstro qub jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg y rbjolodhôg dig
frbdubgdho bg dikchgodhôg dig jo ehpgishs i jo hkoahgodhôg auhomo
bgbg ug bfbdti pishvi poro bj mijir. Bg digdirmogdho jo tbropho
mb dubrpi y kbgtb eo shmi usomo bxhtisokbgtb bg bj trotokhbgti mb
ofbdtodhigbs
ofbdtodhi gbs diki jo ortrhs, mijirbs drôghdis mb jo bspojmo y bj vhbgtrb,
mijirbs mb docbzo, kharoÿos, ujdbros y dïgdbr.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 36?


 

Jis cbgbdhis mb jo tbropho mb dubrpi y kbgtb sig gukbrisis. Bs


coroti mb hkpjbkbgtorsb, ojtokbgtb sbauri y sicrb timi fïdhj mb
rbojhzorsb. Bj ebdei mb qub podhbgtbs dig mijir sbvbri pubmbg tikor
pir sh khskis jo hghdhovo y eodbr ojai odvokbgtb poro ojhvhor su mijir,
mijir,
bgb vorhis bfbdtis sbdugmorhis cbgèdis. Pir blbkpji, bjjis sb shbgtbg
dig kïs digtrij ogtb jos shtuodhigbs mb frustrodhôg,
frustrodhôg, pir ji togti vubjvbg
o tbgbr bgbraëo kbgtoj y bspërhtu poro vhvhr. Ji bxdjushvi mb jo rbsphrodhôg
bg bstis dosis bs qub pubmb bkpjborsb o mhfbrbgtb aromi mbpbgmhbgmi
mb su digmhdhôg. Fhgojkbgtb mbcb kbgdhigorsb qub bj mijir sb rbmudb,
ogtbs, murogtb y mbspuès mb ugo ipbrodhôg duogmi jos tbrophos mb
dubrpi y kbgtb sig ujhzomos, ji duoj jjbvo o ugo shaghdovo rbmuddhôg
b hgdjusi bjhkhgodhôg mb jis ogbstèshdis kèmhdis.

¹Dôki fugdhigo jo tbropho mb dubrpi


dubrp i y kbgtb9

Bstï drbdhbgmi bj bgtbgmhkhbgti mb jis kbdoghskis qub sucyodbg


bg jo tbropho mb dubrpi y kbgtb. Diki sb mbsdrhchô prbvhokbgtb, jis
pbgsokhbgtis pubmbg tbgbr ug bfbdti pishvi bg bj shstbko gbrvhisi,
jo primuddhôg mb eirkigos y bj shstbko hgkugb.

‚Kbgtb sogo bg dubrpi sogi‛.


sogi‛.
LRVBGOJ

Rgo rbsphrodhôg prifugmo y digtrijomo bs ug icvhi dogmhmoti poro jo


rbmuddhôg mbj mijir, mb kogbro qub jos dèjujos omquhbrbg kïs ixëabgi
y sb jhkphog mb primudtis mb mbsbdei. Ombkïs, jo kbgtb sb dojko yo
qub bgb ug kïs ojti ghvbj mb odvhmom mb igmos ojfo bg bj dbrbcri>
kïs oüg, jo primuddhôg mb bgmirgos, qub sig jos qub ojhvhog bj mijir
bg bj dubrpi mb kogbro goturoj sb hgdrbkbgtog. Dogmom oukbgtomo
mb bgmirgos sb jhcbrog duogmi bstïs pishvi y fbjhz, sigrëbs, cbsos
y bspbdhojkbgtb duogmi tb rëbs. Pbri tokchèg pubmbg primudhrsb sh
bgaoÿos oj dubrpi y oj (dbrbcri).
Rg bstumhi rbdhbgtb mbkistrô bj bfbdti mbj pjodbci y bj pimbr mbj
pbgsokhbgti bg ug shkpjb bxpbrhkbgti, bg bj duoj, o ug arupi mb
pbrsigos sb jbs omkhghstrô ugo sustogdho qub jbs moco ugo sbgsodhôg
jhabrokbgtb
jhabrokbg tb qubkogtb bg su ogtbcrozi,
ogtbcrozi, mbspuès, sb jbs ehzi ugo prubco
opjhdogmi ug ugaúbgti fojsi sicrb bj ïrbo ofbdtomo. Tb jbs mhli o jo khtom
mb jis sulbtis qub bj ugaúbgti hco o quhtorjbs bj mijir. Bsti ehzi qub
primulbrog bgmirgos goturojkbgtb, ji duoj gi idurrhô dig bj itri
arupi. Bstb bxpbrhkbgti kubstro jo hkpirtogdho qub bgb ji qub tü

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 363


 

Xiao ojhvho bj mijir bfbdvokbgtb pirqub jo rbsphrodhôg firtojbdb jo digbxhôg


bgtrb dubrpi y kbgtb.

drbbs, y gi kbgis, bg duogti o ji qub bj tbropbuto pubmo eodbrtb drbbr.


drbbr.
Bstumhis shkhjorbs eog kistromi, qub bj duhmomi y jo digogzo bg jo
rbjodhôg tbropbuto-podhbgtb, bgbg ug bfbdti cbgèdi y pigb ègfoshs
bg
su jo dikpjblhmom mbj
vujgbrochjhmom. Bg vëgduji bgtrb
crbvb, bs vhtojbjrbosbaurorsb
dubrpi y jo kbgtb,
y drborpbri
ug tokchèg
bgtirgi
sbauri y pordujorkbgtb digvbgdbr o jis podhbgtbs mb qub ugo odtum
pishvo eodb jo mhfbrbgdho.
Kïs oüg, ojaugis bsdogbis dbrbcrojbs hgtbrbsogt
hgtbrbsogtbs
bs eog rbvbjomi qub
podhbgtbs qub eog shmi ogbstbshomis pir kbmhi mb jo ehpgishs kubstro
kbgis odvhmom bg bj ïrbo mbj dbrbcri bg migmb sb pridbso bj mijir. mijir. Bg
itros pojocros, bj mijir sb rbmudb. Jo sbÿoj hghdhoj mbj mijir sb trogskhtb,
pir blbkpji, mbsmb jo phbj, o küsduji ô o eubsi, shg bkcorai, pbrkogbdb
shg dokchi, hgmhdogmi qub sb troto mb ug dokchi bg bj ïrbo mbj dbrbcri
bg migmb sb pbrdhcb bj mijir qub drbo bj bfbdti ogbstèshdi.
 

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 364


 

‚Kb rbdjhgè bg jo shjjo mbj mbgsto, jhsti poro qub kb durorog kh


dovhmom. R, gi kb sbgo diki poro bstor oeë y tbgbr qub bstor timi
bj mëo bg bj trocoli dig ugo quhlomo sbkhmirkhmo, së mb vbrmom gi
kb shbgti diki poro hr oj mbgsto, poro gomo y trotoco mb pispigbr
jos vhshtos togti diki fubsb pishcjb, pbri oeiro kb bgdigtroco oquë,
kh ujko bxpbrhbgdho mbgtoj fub eodb sbhs kbsbs y bstoco osidhomo
o jo kbkirho mb ojai mb mijir. Oeiro bstoco bkcorozomo dig kh
tog bspbromi cbcè y eocëo rbdeozomi jo ogbstbsho murogtb jo dhruaëo
pirqub tbkëo moÿor o kh ghÿi, bj khbmi mb qub ojai pumhbro moÿor
o kh ghÿi bro kïs arogmb qub bj mbsbi mb quhtorkb bj mijir osë qub
bg vbz mb quhtor bj mijir pir kbmhi mb ogojaèshdis, tikè oj mijir pir
jis dubrgis, diki sb mhdb, y digtè mb orrhco ocoli mbsmb ?00, duogmi
hgtbgtè rbsphror trogquhjokbgtb o trovès mb hgeojor pir ugo gorhgo y
bxeojor pir jo itro. Mhvhmë jo dubgto ocoli bg hgtbrvojis mb mhbz, y bg
bj duorbgto y sbhs tuvb qub tikor ug pbqubÿi rbdbsi poro sbdorkb
jos jïarhkos y dikpigbrkb ug pidi ogtbs mb pridbmbr. O pbsor mb
qub icvhokbgtb bj mijir mbsoporbdhbro gugdo digshmbrè tikor ug
ogojaèshdi, socëo jo douso mbj mijir y socëo pirqub bxpigëo kh pbrsigo
o bstb tirkbgti. Fub, pir osë mbdhrji, ugo bjbddhôg digsdhbgtb qub kb
ehzi sbgr qub pimëo digtrijorji. Gi bro ug bgbkhai, fub üghdokbgtb
ug bgbkhai gbdbsorhi pir crbvb bkpi. Poro domo hgtbrvoji qub
ducrëokis kb ehdb kïs fubrtb y kïs fubrtb domo vbz, bj mijir rbdhcëo
kbgis otbgdhôg y pir digshauhbgtb idupoco domo vbz kbgis y kbgis
juaor bg kh digdhbgdho.
O jis ilis mb kh gubvi mbgsto bsto
bsto bxpbrhbgdho kb eodho ug hhgmhvhmui
gmhvhmui
dig ‚ojti ukcroj mbj mijir‛
mijir ‛, gojkbgtb mbdhmhkis orrbajor jo dovhmom
shg ghgaüg ogojaèshdi qub gi fubro digtor bg viz ojto y jis blbrdhdhis
mb rbsphrodhôg qub sb kbgdhigog. Kh digdbgtrodhôg bstoco bg jo
dubgto ocoli y bg què tog fubrtb y dopoz mb digtrijor bj mijir kb
sbgo yi oj dikpjbtor domo hgtbrvoji< bg ug crbvb pbrhimi mb bkpi
jo kordo sb tbrkhgô y pidi mbspuès mbj pujhmi mb jis mhbgtbs rbarbsè

oj trocoli shgmbkogmëcujo
hgfbrhirhmom omirkbdhmo,
qub o jis 43 shgtbgai
oÿis timovëo ghgaüg itribg
dorhbs sbgkhbgti mb
khs mhbgtbs‛.

Tib Bljbrsbg, Ko. Bg Pshdijiaëo digsujtiro y supbrvhsiro mb


pridbsis bg jo ughmom mb mbkbgdho mb doso Qhjjiw, Mhgokordo.

Ojhvho bj mijir kbgtojkbgtb

Eodb kïs mb 40 oÿis bj prifbsir bstomiughmbgsb Lig Nocot-\hgg hghdhô


ugo sbrhb mb bxpbrhkbgtis bg jis duojbs jo kbmhtodhôg digsdhbgtb
y itros tèdghdos mb yiao sb usorig poro trotor bj mijir drôghdi, bstor
digsdhbgtb bs ocsircbr y odbptor jo digmhdhôg prbsbgtb, y pubmb sbr ugo

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 36=


 

ebrrokhbgto fïdhj poro kogblor kblir bj mijir.


Pubmbs bkpjbor tokchèg itro bstrotbaho bg jo qub pigaos timo tu
otbgdhôg bg ojai kïs o trovès mb jo digdbgtrodhôg, pir digshauhbgtb
drbor ugo mhstroddhôg
mhstrodd hôg mbj mijir
mijir.. Bj digdbpti mb ‚Fjuli‛ bs kuy hkpirtogtb
oquë, bj prifbsir
prifbsir mb pshdijiaëo eügaori,
eügaori, Kheojy Dshnszbgtkheojyh,
Dshnszbgtkheojyh, drbô
jo tbirëo mbj ‚Fjiw‛ (uli) oj prhgdhphi mb jis 80‘s> sb coso bg bstor
dikpjbtokbgtb hgkbrsi bg ug cojogdb pbrfbdti bgtrb jis rbtis y jos
eochjhmombs bg migmb tu pubmos jiaror ug bstomi mb pi dôkimi shg
bkpi y qub tb digsuko pir dikpjbti. Jo torbo o jo qub tb ociqubs gi
mbcb mb sbr pir ji togti gh tog fïdhj, gh tog mhdhj. Duogmi ojauhbg ojdogzo
ug bstomi pbrfbdti mb uli, jos sbÿojbs ‚girkojbs‛ mbj dubrpi sb dhbrrog
y bj mijir mbsoporbdb pir dikpjbti. Eocrïs iëmi odbrdo mb bstor ‚bg jo
zigo‛, ji duoj shaghdo ji khski qub uli.
Pbrsigojkbgtb, drbi qub jo odvhmom shdo pubmb oyumor o dotojhzor
bj bfbdti mbj uli. Pir ji togti, drbi qub jo abgtb qub sufrb mijir pubmb
tbgbr arogmbs cbgbdhis oj proddor mbpirtbs bg jis duojbs bstèg
hgtbrbsomis. Khbgtros kblir tb tb hgvijudrbs bg  khski y bg ojdogzor
ojdogzor ug
bstomi mb uli bg tu vhmo mhorho, bj mijir sb eorï kïs sipirtocjb y pimrï
sbr kblir digtrijomi.
Rsi okcis, jo digsdhbgdho y bj uli odvokbgtb, y bg pordujor bg
osidhodhôg dig kïxhki
kïxhki mbsbkpbÿi mbpirvi,
mbpirvi, duogmi bj mijir ojaugos
vbdbs ojdogzo ghvbjbs hgsipirtocjbs. Diki mbsdrhcë ogtbrhirkbgtb,
murogtb prifugmis cudbis, bj ïdhmi jïddi sb odukujo bg khs phbrgos,
o toj aromi qub, bvbgtuojkbgtb, gi pubmi kivbrjos. Oj khski bkpi
bj mhofroako cikcbo vhairisokbgtb mb orrhco ocoli, y bg abgbroj
domo dèjujo mb kh dubrpi bstï phmhbgmi ixëabgi. Ojaugos vbdbs odbpti
bj mijir diki bs, khbgtros qub bg itris dosis, ‚bgtri‛ bg bj mijir y
ji bxokhgi
bxokhgi mb dbrdo,
dbrdo, okcos bstrotbahos
bstrotbahos odtüog diki ugo bspbdhb mb
otbgdhôg vhahjogtb, diki bg jo digsdhbgdho. Ji bgdubgtri tbropèudi
y shkhjor oj prhgdhphi mb odbptodhôg mbj OD] (pir sus shajos bg hgajès),
bg bj sbgmi qub bj blbrdhdhi mb tijbror y odbptor bj mijir murogtb jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g sistbghmo pubmb sbr trogsfbrhmi
trogsfbrhmi o itros portbs mb kh vhmo. Mb
jo khsko kogbro, itris pubmbg cbgbdhorsb mb bstb pi mb bstrotbaho
bg jo duoj ugo digaurodhôg kbgtoj bs odbptomo y pubmb usorsb diki
ugo ebrrokhbgto kbgtoj tbropèudo poro trotor sëgtikos tojbs diki
jo ogshbmom, bj khbmi, jo mbprbshôg, bj trostirgi icsbshvi dikpujshvi
(]ID), bj trostirgi pir bstrès pistroukïdi (]BP]) y bj mijir drôghdi.
Duogmi ojdogzi ug bstomi mb rbti sudhbgtb, gi jb pigai otbgdhôg oj
mijir pirqub eb ojdogzomi bj itri jomi y eb bgtromi bg ug bstomi mb
uli. ]imo
]imo kh otbgdhôg y digdhbgdho bkbrab dig jo odvhmom qub rbojhzi,
y pir ji togti gi eoy ug vodëi o migmb pubmo rbahstrorsb i rbblorsb bj

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 362


 

mijir, shg bkcorai, gi shbkprb bs fïdhj bgtror oj bstomi mb uli, pirqub


o vbdbs mubjb kudei. Jo digdbgtrodhôg y bj digtrij mbj pbgsokhbgti kb
fojjog y kbgtojkbgtb kb miy pir vbgdhmi. Pbri sh bgtrbgos tu kbgtb,
bj hgtbgsi mijir sb vijvbrï ugo bspbdhb mb ogdjo kbgtoj i ogtirdeo qub
sbÿojo qub bj mijir prigti mbsoporbdbrï.
mbsoporbdbrï. Bs tog siji bgdigtror jo odtum
dirrbdto. Rgo vbz qub eoyos bsdojomi jo ‚kigtoÿo mbj mijir‛ pubmbs
sbgtortb y mhsfrutor jo colomo.
Jo tbrdbro bstrotbaho bs ipkhzor jo eochjhmom mb kbgtb y dubrpi
poro ojhvhor bj mijir bs pir kbmhi mb jo hkoahgodhôg. Khbgtros kïs
hkoahgodhôg sb odipjb bg jo rbsphrodhôg digtrijomo koyir bfbdti
bfbdti tbgmrï.
Th hkoahgos qub tu dubrpi dokcho mb ozuj o rili bxpbrhkbgtorïs ugo
sbgsodhôg dïjhmo bg timi tu dubrpi. Gi bs purokbgtb hkoahgodhôg,
pirqub tu dubrpi pubmb rbojkbgtb pigbrsb kïs dojhbgtb. Jis arogmbs
küsdujis, hgtbrgis y jis küsdujis mb coli mb tu phbj sb rbjolog, jo
dhrdujodhôg sb ocrb y ug dojir hgtbrgi sb trogspirto mbsmb bj dbgtri mb
tu dubrpi eodho jos portbs pbrhfèrhd
pb rhfèrhdos
os mbj khski.
Goturojkbgtb, oj khski bkpi bj ixëabgi y jis gutrhbgtbs sig
odorrbomis bg jo tirrbgtb sogauëgbo o jos oèrbos rbkitos mb tu dubrpi
y sb rbkubvbg kïs primudtis mb mbsebdei qub mb distukcrb. Mb jo
khsko kogbro sb dojkog jis gbrvhis y timi bsti oyumo o qub tb shbgtos
kïs frbsdi, kïs rbjolomi, kïs fbjhz y kïs pishvi. Bj mijir mhskhguyb
bg portb mbchmi o ugo kblir dhrdujodhôg mb jo sogarb, pbri tokchèg
pirqub bj bstomi rbjolomi digmudb o qub sb ojhvhb bj mijir pir kbmhi mb
jos bgmirgos qub sb mhrhabg o timi bj dubrpi. Fhgojkbgtb jo rbjolodhôg
prifugmo tokchèg bgb ug bfbdti cbgèdi bg jos dèjujos mb sogarb
cjogdos, pbqubÿis sijmomis bg bj shstbko hgkugb mbj dubrpi, jos duojbs
kblirog poro dikcor jos hgokodhigbs.
Bxhstbg blbrdhdhis prôspbris
prôspbris y mhfbrbgtbs mb rbjolodhôg y mb hkoahgodhôg,
pbri tü bgbs qub bgdigtror jis blbrdhdhis qub o  tb fugdhigbg kblir.
Diki sb mbstodô ogtbrhirkbgtb, ugo rbsphrodhôg trogquhjo y digtrijomo
gi crhgmorï üghdokbgtb ug hgkbmhoti y pishvi
p ishvi dojkogtb o ghvbj shdi,
shgi tokchèg firtojbdbrï bj pubgtb qub ugb tu kbgtb sucdigsdhbgtb
y tu bquhjhcrhi kbgtoj, bg itros pojocros ugo rbsphrodhôg opriphomo tb
dopodhtorï poro ojdogzor kïs rïphmi ug bstomi rbjolomi y shg mijir.

Bj mijir drôghdi bg jo vhmo mhorho

Kudeo abgtb sufrb mb mijir mhorhokbgtb bg mhfbrbgtbs ar


aromis,
omis, duojquhbro
qub sbo qub jo douso mb bstis mijirbs, ug diküg mbgikhgomir bs qub
bstis eodbg qub eoyo ugo fuao mb jo bgbraëo y jo fbjhdhmom mb domo mëo.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 366


 

Ofirtugomokbgtb, bj mijir dig frbdubgdho idurrb bg pbrhimis dirtis,


pbri bg ojaugos dhrdugstogdhos bs drôghdi y pubmb tikor kudei mb
gubstro vhmo mhorho.
Mb ebdei, bj mijir drôghdi pubmb bvijudhigor y vijvbrsb ojai
‚goturoj‛ mb gubstro vhmo, qub gis shaub diki ug pbqubÿi tirkbgti.
Pordujorkbgtb, dig jis ghÿis bsti sb tirgorëo ug arog pricjbko
pirqub bjjis dig frbdubgdho bgbg mhdujtom poro mbghr bj mijir y gi ji
rbjodhigog diki ojai gi goturoj, shgi kïs chbg diki ojai qub prbshigo,
sb shbgtb pbsomi oprhbto i phdo. Bj mijir bgb kudeos doros y vhbgb mb
kudeos firkos, pbri
pbri poro pimbr ojhvhor i bjhkhgor
bjhkhgor bj mijir,
mijir, bs bsbgdhoj
bgdigtror jo douso.
Bj mijir eo shmi mhvhmhmi bg vorhos dotbairëos, mbpbgmhbgmi mb
su irhabg. Bg rbjodhôg oj moÿi shdi mb jos diyugturos, küsdujis i
eubsis diki rbsujtomi mb jbshigbs bg bj trocoli i bg bj mbpirtb,
jis kbmhdokbgtis poro ojhvhor bj mijir sig dig frbdubgdho bj prhkbr
trotokhbgti mbspuès mbj duoj vhbgb bj mbsdogsi y jo rbeochjhtodhôg.
Duogmi jo douso bs sicrbdorao shdo, bj mijir girkojkbgtb mbsoporbdb
duogmi jo jbshôg sb eo ojhvhomi. Jo rbsphrodhôg bs ugo ebrrokhbgto djoro
y pimbriso poro drbor ug ojti ghvbj mb rbjolodhôg y mb dhrdujodhôg mb jo
sogarb murogtb ug priaroko mb durodhôg i rbeochjhtodhôg, y pubmb sbr
üj bg trotokhbgtis
trotokhbgtis tojbs diki jo shitbropho
shitbropho i jo prïddo quhriprïddo.
Bj gukbri mb jbshigbs rbjodhigomos oj trocoli tojbs diki ‚crozi mb
rotôg‛
rotôg‛ tbgshigbs bg bj dubjji i jis
jis eikcris, jbshigbs
jbshigbs bg jo bspojmo eog
oukbgtomi mbstodomokbgtb
mbstodomokbgtb bg oÿis rbdhbgtbs,
rbdhbgtbs, pir ji duoj bsto
bsto ïrbo
ïrbo
kbrbdb vhahjogdho digshmbrocjb.

Dig rbspbdti
i kudeis oj mijir dousomi
kikbgtis pir trocolor
rbpbvis, bg pishdhigbs
bsti bgb hgombduomos,
bgirkbs rbpbrdushigbs
gbaovos bg jo odvhmom mbj trocoli mb jo pbrsigo y bg doso ji duoj
bs distisi o kudeis ghvbjbs. X bg ug ojti aromi bstis mijirbs pubmbg
prbvbghrsb
prbvbghr sb i bvhtorsb pir kbmhi mb shkpbs dokchis bg gubstris eïchtis
y bg gubstri bgtirgi. Ghgaüg sbr eukogi bsto mhsbÿomi poro posor mb 6
o ?3 eiros oj mëo micjomi sbgtomi frbgtb o ugo
ug o pogtojjo mb dikputomiro,
y dhbrtokbgtb tokpidi poro bstor bg ugo pishdhôg bgdirvomo. Gi bs
mb sirprbgmbrsb qub togto abgtb sufro mb mijirbs mb docbzo, kharoÿos,
tbgshigbs bg bj dubjji, eikcris, bspojmo y vhbgtrb omijirhmis, duogmi
jo portb supbrhir mbj dubrpi bstï hgkôvhj bg ugo pishdhôg lo pir
eiros
bstrès shg ug rbdbsi
kbgtoj bg bj mëo
(ug eirorhi mb ytrocoli
shg mëo vorhocjb
mb mbsdogsi. Bsti dikchgomi
y idupomi) oj
eodb o bstb

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 361


 

rbspbdti hgdjusi ojai pbir. Oj bstor kïs digsdhbgtb mb dôki trocolo tu


rbsphrodhôg bg jo vhmo mhorho, oj sbgtortb mbrbdei y ocrhr kïs bj pbdei,
kudeis mb jis mijirbs dousomis mbchmi o pishdhigbs hgombduomos poro
trocolor pimrëog rbmudhrsb. Pimrëos tokchèg pbmhrjb o tu lbfb ugo shjjo
gubvo mb idhgo i ug bsdrhtirhi dig bjbvomir qub tb pbrkhto trocolor mb
phb. ]okchèg hgdjusi pubmbs trobr tu pripho cijo bgtrbgomiro (pbjito
arogmb mb eujb poro eodbr blbrdhdhi poro qub trocolbs y tb shbgtbs bg
bjjo. Eoy kudeos vbgtolos oj usor jo pbjito bgtrbgomiro qub hgdjuybg
jo bskujodhôg mb jis küsdujis y gbrvhis mb jo bspojmo. Xo qub gi
eoy opiyi poro jo bspojmo tb bgdigtrorïs o  khski sbgtomi kudei
kïs rbdti y bg ugo pishdhôg mbrbdeo qub rbquhbrb bquhjhcrhi y o
dokchi pbrkhtb ugo rbsphrodhôg kïs prifugmo y kïs bdhbgtb. Opiyi
rkbkbgtb bj usi mb bstos pbjitos bgtrbgomiros y kb eb sbgmi fbjhz
mb rbaojïrsbjos o kh fokhjho, okhais, hgdjusi o dijbaos bg kh ogtbrhir
trocoli bg jo ughvbrshmom mb Ooreus. Tig jis kblirbs 40 môjorbs qub tu
pubmbs hgvbrr togti diki pbrsigo pordujor diki potrôg, bspbri y
drbi qub bstos pbjitos bgtrbgomiros jjbaubg o sbr kïs mhfugmhmos bg bj
futuri, bstos mhvbrmos pbjitos bgtrbgomiros sig tokchèg ugo bxdbjbgtb
bxdbjbgtb
ebrrokhbgto poro jo rbeochjhtodhôg y poro bgtrbgor jo kblirëo mb fubrzo
y mb bxhchjhmom.
Kudeis moÿis, mijirbs pbqubÿis diki bj‛ crozi mb rotôg‛
tbgishgivhs, mbj ogtbcrozi y kïs sbrhos dikpjhdodhigbs bg jis eikcris
y vhbgtrb tokchèg pubmbg sbr bjhkhgomis dokchogmi jo rugo shdo
kigôtigo. O jorai pjozi, kudeis kivhkhbgtis rbpbvis mb sbauri
mbsaostorïg bj dubrpi, osë qub sb rbquhbrb mb koyir digsdhbgdho y mb
eochjhmom poro drbor sijudhigbs qub pubmbg sbr mb kudei cbgbdhi.
Jo tbgshôg kusdujor bg bj dubjji y jo bspojmo tokchèg pubmb sbr
rbkbmhomo mb kogbro bfbdvo rbojhzogmi mb ?0 o 30 rbsphrodhigbs
dojkomos y prifugmos, khbgtros qub jis eikcris sb jbvogtog y sb colog.
Rgo crbvb dokhgoto oj ohrb jhcrb, mb prbfbrbgdho qub sb dikchgb dig
blbrdhdhis mb bsrokhbgti,
bsrokhbgti, tokchèg bsti pubmb eodbr qub jo tbgshôg y bj
mijir mbsoporbzdog, mb ebdei bs ojhkbgti poro bj pbgsokhbgti, qub tog
shkpjbs kètimis kblirbg tu vhmo mhorho. Mb dhbrto kogbro, bs ug osugti
mb dokchis, mb eïchtis, mb odtum, poro  khski y poro tu lbfb.

Bj mijir bg bgfbrkbmombs sbvbros

Jos bgfbrkbmombs tbkpirojbs i hgdurocjbs sig dig frbdubgdho, o koyir


koyir
i kbgir aromi odikpoÿomi mb mijir. Poro khaor bj mijir sbvbri,
sb bkpjbo dig frbdubgdho jo tbropho iphi, ji duoj bs ug trotokhbgti

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 365


 

kèmhdi bg bj qub sb uso, pir blbkpji kirgo, kbtomigo, nbtiaog i


dimbëgo. Bstos mriaos sig dhbrtokbgtb bfbdvos,
bfbdvos, pbri bj pricjbko bs su
pitbgdhoj bfbdtis omvbrsis dijotbrojbs, tojbs diki jo omhddhôg, dokchis
mb tbkpbrokbgti, jbtorai y pricjbkos rbsphrotirhis.
Thg bkcorai, bxhstbg
bxhstbg vorhis blbkpjis bg migmb jos tbrophos mb dubrpi
y kbgtb eog pricomi sbr kuy bfbdvos, oüg bg jis dosis mb sbrhos
bgfbrkbmombs. Pir blbkpji, ug arupi mb podhbgtbs dig mijir drôghdi
bg jo bspojmo kistrô qub ?3 sbkogos mb ug priaroko mb yiao ifrbdbg
kblirbs rbsujtomis qub ?3 sbkogos mb bgtrbgokhbgti shdi i mb
bmudodhôg odomèkhdo. Mb jo khsko kogbro, vorhos tèdghdos mb rbsphrodhôg
y rbjolodhôg oyumô poro jis mijirbs mb bspojmo. Rg priaroko mb ?0
sbkogos cosomi bg kbmhtodhôg digsdhbgtb eo kistromi ugo rbmuddhôg
bg bj aromi mbj mijir mbgtri mb ug tèrkhgi dirti y jorai
jorai shaghdovi.
shaghdovi.
Bg abgbroj, bsti digrko qub jos tbrophos mb dubrpi y kbgtb pubmbg
dikchgorsb üjkbgtb dig bj trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti kèmhdi tromhdhigoj.
Bg rbjodhôg oj mijir drôghdi, jo digsdhbgdho bgb jo vbgtolo mb qub
omiptos ugo odbptodhôg shg luzaor jo shtuodhôg prbsbgtb y pir digshauhbgtb
trocolo dig bj mijir bg vbz mb bg su digtro. Duogmi sb jb hgstruyb,
bgtrbgo y opiyo
opiyo o ugo pbrsigo dig mijir,
mijir, oj eodbrsb rbspigsocjb
rbspigsocjb mb su
shtuodhôg, bj mijir gi sbrï kïs bj fodtir qub tbgao qub supbrorsb, shgi
kïs chbg sb dbgtrorï bg jo rbjodhôg mb kobstri-auëo qub sb bstocjbzdo
poro digtrijor bj dubrpi y jo kbgtb.
]okchèg pubmb digshmbrorsb
digshmbrorsb usor jo tbropho mb dubrpi y kbgtb ogtbs
mb sikbtbrsb o ug trotokhbgti kèmhdi. Tbrï hgtbrbsogtb vbr o què aromi
èsto djosb mb tbropho pubmb rbmudhr bj usi mb mriaos qub ojhvhog bj mijir.
mijir.
Thg bkcorai, bxhstb bj ‚pricjbko‛, i kïs chbg bj rbti dig timis jis
trotokhbgtis mb dubrpi y kbgtb, bg jis duojbs bj bfbdti cbgèdi sôji
sb odjoro mbspuès mb ug prijigaomi usi y omoptodhôg. Duogmi jo abgtb
bgb jo bxpbdtovo mb color mb pbsi shkpjbkbgtb tikogmi ugo p pëjmiro
ëjmiro
kïahdo y qub gi digshmbro bj dokchor togti jo mhbto diki jis eïchtis mb
blbrdhdhi, pubmb sbr mhdhj hgvijudror kètimis pojhovis i durovis qub
rbquhbrbg mbmhdodhôg, bkpi y bgbraëo.
Ofirtugomokbgtb, ugo rbsphrodhôg digtrijomo y dojkomo gi sôji
crhgmo rbsujtomis mbspuès mb jorai pjozi, shgi tokchèg ug cigi mhrbdti
o jo firko mb color bj rhtki rbsphrotirhi,
rbsphrotirhi, bj pujsi y jo prbshôg sogauëgbo,
osë diki kïs ojti aromi mb rbjolodhôg, poro qub sbo shbkprb ug cubg
pugti mb hghdhi.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 368


 

Mijirbs pshdisikïdi
pshdisikïdiss

Mb odubrmi o jo jisio eijësdo, gubstris mijirbs y bgfbrkbmombs


sig dousomis pir jo suko mb gubstris pridbsis kbgtojbs y mbj dubrpi.
Bg itros pojocros, bstokis eocjogmi odbrdo mb jo hgtbroddhôg qub gi
digtbkpjo oj mijir diki ug pricjbko ohsjomi mb jo kbgtb y bj dubrpi,
shgi kïs chbg ugo mbsdikpbgsodhôg bg bj shstbko.
Bg Pshdijiaëo, o jis podhbgtbs dig mijir drôghdi sb jbs oyumo o
porr mb jos bxpbrhbgdhos priphos mb jis podhbgtbs y su shtuodhôg mb
vhmo. Jo ehpôtbshs bs qub jos hgtbrprbtodhigbs pbrsigojbs, jis bvbgtis
troukïdis y bj bstrès mhorhi mblog eubjjos pbrkogbgtbs bg bj dubrpi,
pirqub èj bgb su ‚hgtbjhabgdho‛ pripho. Bstos eubjjos, qub sig jo
rboddhôg digtrorho mbj priphi dubrpi o timis jis bvbgtis pir jis duojbs
eo otrovbsomi, yo sbo qub jis rbdubrmbs ô gi, sb bxprbsog bg firko
mb bgfbrkbmom, mijirbs mb docbzo, tbgshôg kusdujor, pousos bg jo
rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo bspigtïgbos b hgdigsdhbgtbs, kivhkhbgti rëahmi
ô mhsporbli y pir supubsti diki mijir tbkpiroj ô drôghdi.
Oj drbor ojbrto bgtrb jis podhbgtbs mb dôki surabg bstos disos y sb
mbsorrijjog diki rbsujtomi mb sbgkhbgtis pbrsigojbs, odtumbs,
eïchtis y potrigbs mbj dubrpi, bs pishcjb trocolor dig bjjis y gojkbgtb
eodbr qub bj
b j mijir mbsoporbzdo. Duogmi jo pbrsigo vb su pripho ehstirho
mb vhmo dig gubvo juz, oporbdb ug mbsbi bspigtïgbi mb drbor ug dokchi
oj khski bkpi qub jo hgtbgdhôg mb bjhkhgor jo douso mbj mijir.
mijir.
Bs bxodtokbgtb bj khski pugti bg bj duoj bkpbzokis duogmi miy
dursis bg bj kogbli mbj bstrès y rbsphrodhôg bdhbgtb, pbri bg juaor
mb ehstirhos, icsbrvi mb dbrdo bj ‚jbgauolb dirpiroj‛ hgtbjhabgtb y sus
eïchtis. Jis pordhpogtbs hgtbgtog sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg y tokchèg
proddog jo rbsphrodhôg dig fubrzo, jos duojbs eog bxpbrhkbgtomi diki
ebrrokhbgtos kuy bdhbgtbs poro bj mbsorrijji pbrsigoj. Duogmi eoai
sbshigbs mb ‚kbmhtodhôg coli bj oauo‛,
oauo‛, bg jos duojbs jo abgtb së sisbgb jo
rbsphrodhôg,
rbsphrodhô g, y oprbgmbg mhfbrbgtbs
mhfbrbgtbs tèdghdos mb rbjolodhôg,
rbjolodhôg, hkoahgodhôg y
digdbgtrodhôg, jis pordhpogtbs bgtrog bg digtodti dig bjjis khskis mb
ugo kogbro dikpjbtokbgtb gubvo, jo duoj pbgbtro eosto bj ghvbj dbjujor.
Bsti sb mbcb o qub sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg drbo cubgis fugmokbgtis
poro bxpbrhkbgtor mhfbrbgtbs b hgtbgsos firkos mb bgdigtrorsb digshai
khski bg dubrpi, kbgtb y ojko.
O mhfbrbgdho mbj pshdôjiai, yi gi pubmi duror o jis podhbgtbs
shkpjbkbgtb pir eocjor dig bjjis. Gi pubmi drbor ug dokchi bg ugo
pbrsigo qub gi quhbrb, pbri pubmi oyumor o hgsphror su outi-oyumo.
Thg bkcorai, bs hkpirtogtb poro kë sbÿojor qub gi bs shbkprb
pjodbgtbri,, kudei kbgis fïdhj y ug pridbsi shg mijir bj trocolor digai
pjodbgtbri

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 310


 

Gubstro digsdhbgdho gis pbrkhtb rbojhzor


r bojhzor rbsphrodhigbs sistbghmos prijigaomos,
sh qubrbkis, y mb bsto kogbro dojkor gubstri shstbko gbrvhisi.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 31?


 

khski. Bj digidhkhbgti hgtbrhir rbquhbrb qub tu trocoli sbo muri bg


okcis jomis, bj jomi jukhgisi y bj jomi icsduri. ]b bgbs qub otrbvbr
o vbr mbgtri mb bsos poutos sicrb jos duojbs
d uojbs prbfbrhrëos
prbfbrhrëos gi pbgsor i qub
¡eoyos prbfbrhmi ijvhmor!
Bstb pi mb kbmhtodhôg hgtrispbdvo, jo duoj bs ug vholb hgtbrhir o
trovès
trovès mb tu kbgtb digsdhbgtb
digsdhbgtb b hgdigsdhbgtb dig
dig frbdubgdho sb pubmb
rbarbsor oj posomi y pir ji togti pubmb rbsujtor trosdbmbgtb
trosdbmbgtb y deidogtb.
Jo kbmhtodhôg gi bs ‚bjbfogtbs risos‛, sijbs qub mogzog y juz dïjhmo, shgi
tokchèg ug posolb o jos dopos kïs prifugmos mb jo kbgtb, ji duoj gi bs
shbkprb fïdhj ô pjodbgtbri mb jhmhor.
Dig frbdubgdho kb mhdbg qub ‚prbshigi‛ o jo abgtb. Bs bg vbrmom
dhbrti, pbri gugdo jis prbshigi kïs ojjï mb su pugti kbgtoj ô shdi
qub digshmbri sbauri. Kb austo prbshigor muri poro oyumorjis o
ocrhrjbs pubrtos gubvos poro bj outi-mbsorrijji, pirqub yi gi pubmi
drbor bj dokchi, sôji pubmi ocrhr jo pishchjhmom. Xo sbo qub trocolb dig
mhrbdtirbs mb cogdis, gomomirbs mb ojti rbgmhkhbgti, mhsdopodhtomis i
tog sôji dig abgtb purokbgtb ‚irmhgorho‛, ji eoai mbj khski kimi, jo
abgtb pubmb eodbr dig bjji, ji qub kblir jb porbzdo. Oquë jjbaoki
jjbaokiss o jis
bxtrbkis, pirqub
pirqub diki bg bj yiao, bj cudbi jhcrb, jo dhbgdho kèmhdo, jis
gbaidhis y timi bg jo vhmo, bs bg bj pugti jëkhtb bg migmb bj dokchi mo
juaor.

Podhbgtbs bg doko

]imis jis podhbgtbs qub bstïg bg doko, aizog mb kudei bkpi


mhspighcjb, bsti bs ugo vbgtolo qub mbcbkis bxpjitor oj kïxhki.
Goturojkbgtb, pubmb porbdbr ocurrhmi, füj y eirrhcjb bstor bg doko
digstogtbkbgtb,
digstogt bkbgtb, pbri bxhstbg
bxhstbg kudeos odvhmombs qub pubmbg ojhvhor bj
mijir y kogtbgbr idupomi oj podhbgtb. ]okchèg
]okchèg bs hkpirtogtb bj ebdei
mb bstor shg kivhkhbgti bs og-goturoj poro bj dubrpi, oj duoj gi sb jb
bstï mogmi su mishs mb blbrdhdhi mhorhi.
Bg bstb digtbxti jo rbsphrodhôg bs ug dikpoÿbri qub mbjbhto, pirqub
pubmbs bgtrbgor tu rbsphrodhôg migmb sbo y bg duojquhbr kikbgti.
Diki sb mbsdrhchô ogtbrhirkbgtb, vorhis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg gis
oyumog o kogtbgbr oj dubrpi bg cubgo digmhdhôg shdo y bg firko, osë
diki o jhkphor timi tu shstbko. Dig tu rbsphrodhôg shbkprb bgbs o jo
kogi ug rbkbmhi qub dojko y ojhvho bj mijir.
mijir. Pir blbkpji, jis podhbgtbs
dig qubkomos, dïgdbr ü itris sbrhis pombdhkhbgtis, dig frbdubgdho usog
rbsphrodhigbs prifugmos y dojkomos, bg dikchgodhôg dig blbrdhdhis mb
rbjolodhôg. Th bstïs bg doko mbchmi o ugo phbrgo rito, dhruaëo b hgdjusi

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 313


 

jbshigbs kbgis sbrhos, mb duojquhbr kogbro pubmbs sbgr mijir sbvbri,


sbvbri,
y pir ji togti bgb vbgtolos pimbr mhstrobrsb
mhstrobrsb mb bjji.
Vojb jo pbgo tokchèg hgsphrorsb mb jo pshdijiaëo pishvo, pir blbkpji
usogmi bj uli y jo digsdhbgdho, yo qub èstis bgbg bj pitbgdhoj mb
primudhr ugo kogbro mb pbgsor crhjjogtb y ipkhsto. O trovès mb
ug mhojiai hgtbrgi pishvi, sb prikubvb bj pridbsi mb durodhôg. Bj
bgtrbgokhbgti mb jo kbgtb pubmb sbr mb kudeo oyumo poro podhbgtbs
quhbgbs bxpbrhkbgtog mijir bxtrbki ô bstïg mhsdopodhtomis yo qub jbs
quhto bj mijir y jbs hgdrbkbgto jo kivhjhmom. Ji hgtbrbsogtb mb bsti bs
qub bj dbrbcri gi pubmb mhsgauhr sh bj kivhkhbgti rbojkbgtb idurrhô
bfbdvokbgtb
bfbdv okbgtb bg bj kugmi rboj ô üghdokbgtb bg jo kbgtb. Bj bfbdti bs
firtojbdbr jos digbxhigbs bgtrb küsdujis y gbrvhis mb kogbro qub jo
digmhdhôg sb kbliro.
Jo kbmhtodhôg digsdhbgtb tb bgsbÿo o odbptor bj ebdei mb qub bstïs
diggomi o jo doko. ]okchèg drbi qub bgtror bg ug bstomi mb uli
bs ugo ebrrokhbgto poro ojhvhor bj mijir mb jis podhbgtbs bg doko, yo
sbo qub tbgaog mijir jhabri i sbvbri. Bj trudi bstï bg bgdigtror jos
odvhmombs, y gbs drbovis bg jis duojbs jos pbrsigos sb ijvhmbg mb
sh khskis pir dikpjbti, yo sbo mhculogmi, luaogmi, iybgmi küshdo,
rbsijvhbgmi odbrlis ô duojquhbr itro diso.
Bj uli sb dorodtbrhzo phdokbgtb pir ugo sbgsodhôg mb ousbgdho mb
bkpi, duogmi sb bstï shbgmi bgaogdeomi bg ugo odvhmom qub sbo
shaghdovo y mbsoogtb. Pubmb odvor jos bkidhigbs, jis bstomis mb
ïghki, jo ojbarëo, bj pjodbr, bj èxtoshs, jo ocstroddhôg, jo hjukhgodhôg,
prbsbgdho dikpjbto, outi-ijvhmi, bj bgtushoski, bj digtrij pbrsigoj y
bj iraujji diki ojaugis mb jis digdbptis djovbs. Bj uli firtojbdb jo
hmbgmom y jo outi-bsko, oj rbprhkhr o jo outi-digsdhbgdho jo sbgsodhôg
mb mijir mbsoporbdb.
Ebkis vhsti diki ugo rbsphrodhôg chbg bgtrbgomo pubmb firtojbdbrsb
firtojbdbrsb
y pubmb odtuor sucdigsdhbgtbkbgtb diki ug ogdjo kbgtoj qub eodb
qub surlog sbgkhbgtis hgtbrgis. ]okchèg drbi qub ugo rbsphrodhôg
trogquhjo y chbg rbaujomo pubmb oshsr oj hgdrbkbgtor jo pishchjhmom mb
ojdogzor ug bstomi mb uli murogtb odvhmombs drbovos, prhkbri o
trovès mb ugo rbsphrodhôg digsdhbgtb y digtrijomo, y bvbgtuojkbgtb o
trovès
trov ès mb ugo rbsphrodhôg hgdigsdhbgtb.

Bj mijir bg jos pbrsigos koyirbs

Vorhis bstumhis eog pistujomi qub jos pbrsigos koyirbs


koyirbs rbspigmbg tog
chbg (ô hgdjusi kblir) qub jos pbrsigos lôvbgbs oj trotokhbgti
trotokhbgti mbj mijir

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 314


 

pir kbmhi mb jo tbropho mb dubrpi y kbgtb. Prbvhokbgtb, ougqub bsti


gi bs jo iphghôg abgbroj, jos odvhmombs diaghvos sb eocëog digshm -
bromi mbkoshomi mbsoogtbs poro jos pbrsigos koyirbs.
koyirbs. Bstos tbrophos
dosh gi sb ifrbdbg, pirqub kudeos pbrsigos koyirbs gi quhbrbg sbr
ugo kijbso, gh pbmhr oyumo, osë qub pidos vbdbs sb jbs mog, ji duoj
Mbchmi o qub jos pbrsigos koyirbs dig frbdubgdho sufrbg mb ugo sbrhb
mb bgfbrkbmombs i mhsdopodhmombs qub shkujtïgbokbgtb dousog mijir
mhorhi, kudeos mb bjjos rbdhcbg kbmhdokbgtis qub ojhvhog bj mijir. Thg
bkcorai, jo abgtb koyir sijokbgtb pubmb tijbror bj kbmhdokbgti bg
pbqubÿos mishs, y mbchmi o qub tokchèg dig frbdubgdho mbcbg tikorji
pir bj rbsti mb sus vhmos, sbrëo mbsbocjb qub tuvhbsbg ugo ojtbrgovo
cubgo y sbauro poro bjji.
Mbchmi o qub ugo quhgto portb mb jos pbrsigos bg jis poësbs Gôrmhdis
sb kubrbg diki rbsujtomis mb brrirbs kèmhdis, bsti tokchèg bs ug
fubrtb oraukbgti poro rbmudhr jo mishs mhorho togti diki sbo pishcjb. Bj
arupi mb jos pbrsigos koyirbs bstï drbdhbgmi kudei, tokchèg mbchmi
o qub jos pbrsigos vhvbg kïs bkpi, osë qub khbgtros kïs odvi y dig
ugo vhmo jhcrb mb mijir, sbrï kblir.
Rgi mb jis prhgdhpojbs pricjbkos qub bgb jo abgtb koyir, bs qub
bgbg qub bgfrbgtor bj mijir y bj bstor rbstrhgahmis mb kivhjhmom, qub
dig frbdubgdho sb prbvhbgbg mb gi pordhpor bg odvhmombs sidhojbs,
pir digshauhbgtb sb oësjog, ji duoj pubmb jjbvor o jo mbprbshôg. Bs ug
dërduji vhdhisi qub pubmb eodbr qub sb mbdohaog kbgtojkbgtb, ji qub o
su vbz hgdrbkbgto bj mijir y bj
b j bstor bgfidomi bg bjji.
Poro jos pbrsigos koyirbs sbgr qub pubmbg eodbr ojai qub
ofbdtb oj mijir bs bj prhkbr posi bg jo mhrbddhôg dirrbdto. Rgo kbgtb
pishvo, bxtrivbrshôg y bgaogdeorsb bg odvhmombs sidhojbs jbs jjbvorï
outikïdokbgtb o ug dubrpi kïs sogi y kïs kôvhj, osë diki o
bfbdtis pishvis, dig ug shstbko hgkugb firtojbdhmi y koyirbs ghvbjbs
mb bgbraëo. Rg shstbko hgkugb kbliromi gi sôji kogtbgmrï jblis
jos bgfbrkbmombs, shgi qub tokchèg rbmudhrï bj pridbsi goturoj mb
bgvblbdhkhbgti
bgvblbdhkhbgt i b hgdrbkbgtorï
hgdrbkbgtorï bj ojhvhi mb mijirbs b hgokodhigbs.
Diki blbkpji, kb rbfbrhrè o kh pomrb, quhbg bgb 1= y sufrb mb mijir
bg jo dombro y bg jo bspojmo colo. Thg bkcorai, bj bs ugo pbrsigo kuy
 livhoj, fubrtb y odvo. Domo koÿogo, èj blbrdhto mb 30 o 40 khgutis mb
rugo bg ugo pbjito bgtrbgomiro (jo pbjito mb eujb qub kbgdhigè
ogtbrhirkbgtb), sb jo mh eodb ojaugis oÿis. Tu rugo kotugo digshstb
bg ugo sbrhb mb blbrdhdhis qub sb dbgtrog
d bgtrog bg bj bsrokhbgti,
bsrokhbgti, jo rbjolodhôg,
jo kblirëo y jo murodhôg, y jo rbsphrodhôg. Th mblo mb eodbr su rugo pir
ugi i mis mëos, su mijir hgdrbkbgto hgkbmhotokbgtb, osë qub oportb
mbj ebdei mb qub jb austo kogtbgbrsb bg firko, bj ojhvhi mbj mijir pir

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 31=


 

kbmhi mbj bgtrbgokhbgti jb crhgmo tokchèg ug cubg hgdbgvi poro


sbauhr ombjogtb. Pubmb sbr ugo vbgtolo crhgmor ugo tbropho mb dubrpi
y kbgtb o gubstro vhmo mhorho i ug trotokhbgti poro bj mijir mb jis
podhbgtbs, pbri khbgtros kïs oprbgmos diki odvor jo kbmhdhgo bg
tu priphi dubrpi, kbgis kbmhdokbgtis gbdbshtorïs y ictbgmrïs ugo
koyir dojhmom mb vhmo. Diki
Diki sb kbgdhigô ogtbs,
ogtbs, jos dikhmos
dikhmos cïshdos
(goturojbs) sb eog usomi bg bj trotokhbgti,
trotokhbgti, pir blbkpji bg jo ortrhs y jo
bspojmo. Osë qub bs dikpjbtokbgtb shaghdovi poro tu dubrpi ji qub
bsdilos pirqub yo sbo qub sbos livbg i koyir, tbgmrï ug koyir hkpodti
bg tu dubrpi y bg tu kbgtb. Diki mbdhmos vhvhr tu vhmo mbpbgmb mb
 titojkbgtb, pbri rbojkbgtb gi bs ug bgirkb sodrhdhi gh bsfubrzi
bsdiabr ugo jisio ‚mb vhvhr fubrtb, y kirhr vhbli‛. Th dikbs kïs
sogokbgtb tu dubrpi trocolorï ôpkokbgtb, y jo rbdikpbgso sbrï qub
tb sbgrïs kblir bg tu vhmo mhorho
m horho y pir digshauhbgtb vhvhrïs kïs bkpi
y kïs sogi. Mbcbs bvhtor dikbr mbkoshomi mujdb y dikhmos arosisos,
dikbr kïs vbabtojbs mb irhabg goturoj, eodbr blbrdhdhi rbaujorkbgtb,
sigrbër, pbgsor pishvi y rbdirmor rbsphror.

‚Mbspuès mb vorhis kbsbs dig ug ghvbj bjbvomi mb bstrès pumb sbgr


deiqubs bjèdtrhdis bg kh bstôkoai duogmi timi bstoco bg bstomi mb
bcujjhdhôg. Bgtrè vorhos vbdbs oj eisphtoj poro dojkorkb pbri cusquè
kblirbs sijudhigbs qub jis ogojaèshdis y jis trogquhjhzogtbs, digsujtè
o Ta jb bxpjhquè jo shtuodhôg y lugtis drbokis ug priaroko dig
blbrdhdhis shkpjbs mb rbsphrodhôg jis duojbs pimëo rbojhzor bg duojquhbr
portb, bg bj dorri, bg bj trocoli y bg kh doko poro ugo kblir rbjolodhôg.
Jubai dikbgdè o usor jis blbrdhdhis y oug shai proddïgmijis sh bxhstb
prbshôg bg bj trocoli i shbgti mijir siji kb tiko ojaugis duogtis
khgutis y kb oyumo o ojhvhor kh tbgshôg hgkbgsokbgtb.
Thg bkcorai, pbrdhci kh dubrpi diki mhdb jo shauhbgtb mbdjorodhôg<
‚bgbs qub bsdudeor o tu dubrpi. Gomhb ji digidb kblir qub tü‛
Ogtbrhirkbgtb yi vhvëo kh vhmo y bj dubrpi siji kb sbauëo. Oeiro
bsdudei o kh dubrpi bg timi ji qub eoai. Oj khski bkpi, kb eb
vubjti kïs mhsdhpjhgomi dig rbspbdti o kh mhbto y blbrdhdhi‛

]eikos Mucisd, 42 oÿis


Abrbgtb mb sudursoj mb ]rosfbr Hgtbrgoigoj, Jb Eovrb Frogdho

Jo jhcbrodhôg mbj bstrès murogtb bj bkcorozi

Diki sb mbsdrhchô jo rbsphrodhôg pubmb oyumor o ojhvhor bj mijir y oyumor


o dokchor mb bgfiqub. Th usos bgbraëo poro rbsphror ombduomokbgtb,
tokchèg aostorïs
aostorïs kbgis bgbraëo bg bj mijir bj duoj phbrmb su hgtbgshmom.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 312


 

Bsti bs sochmurëo pipujor bgtrb kulbrbs quhbrbs hgstruybg o jos kulbrbs


bkcorozomos o usor su rbsphrodhôg diki ugo ebrrokhbgto poro rbshsr
jos pimbrisos digtroddhigbs murogtb bj trocoli mb porti.
Rgo kulbr sbgrï jis kïs hgtbgsis mijirbs mb su vhmo murogtb bj
godhkhbgti mb ug ghÿi. Jo koyirëo mb jos komrbs quhbgbs mog o juz pir
prhkbro vbz, mbsdrhcbg jis mijirbs diki sbvbris b hgtijbrocjbs, khbgtros
qub jos kulbrbs quhbgbs eog momi o juz vorhos vbdbs bxpbrhkbgtog kbgis
mijir sbvbri domo vbz. Bj mijir bg kulbrbs qub eog momi o juz yo sbo pir
prhkbro vbz i bg jos idoshigbs shauhbgtbs bs pricocjbkbgtb hauoj mb
sbvbri,, pbri yo qub bj üjki arupi ji eo bxpbrhkbgtomi ogtbs, yo socbg
sbvbri
o qub sb obgbg, pubmbg kogblor kblir jo shtuodhôg, y pir ji abgbroj bj
godhkhbgti pridbmb kïs rïphmi. Pir digshauhbgtb, dig frbdubgdho bvhtog
bj mijir sbvbri i prijigaomi
prijigaomi qub douso jo foao u itros dikpjhdodhigbs.
Bsti bs hgtbrbsogtb b hgmhdo qub
q ub ug kblir bgtbgmhkhbgti mbj mijir,
mijir, mb jis
bvbgtis qub idurrbg y mb jos ebrrokhbgtos poro kogblor kblir bj bstrès
osidhomis dig bj godhkhbgti mbj ghÿi, pubmbg oyumor o ojhvhor bj mijir
qub sb sufrb. Jo rbsphrodhôg y jo odtum kbgtoj kbrbdbg sbrho otbgdhôg
bg bstb digtbxti. Jos kulbrbs pubmbg bxpbrhkbgtor togti bstrès shdi
diki kbgtoj murogtb bj bkcorozi y bj ojukcrokhbgti. Jo rbsphrodhôg
pubmb usorsb poro kogblor bstb bstrès ji duoj sbrï mb cbgbdhi togti
poro jo komrb diki poro bj ghÿi.
Diki sb kbgdhigô, bj bstrès bs dousomi dig frbdubgdho mbchmi o jo
hgdbrmukcrb, hgdjusi khbmi o ji mbsdigidhmi i mhfbrbgtb. Bj bstrès
kbgtoj bs hgmbpbgmhbgtb mb sh jo ‚okbgozo‛ bs rboj i gi y bstb bstrès
dig frbdubgdho jjbvorï o dokchis shdis gi mbsbomis bg bj dubrpi. Bsti o
su vbz digmudhrï kïs ombjogtb, o tbgbr ogshbmom, jbtorai i mbsaostb, osë
diki mhfbrbgtbs sëgtikos diki ug pujsi bjbvomi, ehpbrtbgshôg, mijir
mb docbzo i mbsirmbgbs mbj subÿi.
Ombkïs mbj bstrès kbgtoj, ug bstrès shdi rboj y mijir eodbg su
oporhdhôg, ji duoj sig digsbdubgdhos goturojbs mb kudeis dokchis qub
idurrbg bg bj dubrpi mb jo kulbr bkcoroz
b kcorozomo,
omo, jis duojbs sb hgdrbkbgtog
kïs murogtb bj kikbgti
kikbgti mbj godhkhbgti bg bj duoj bj dubrpi mb jo kulbr
sb bxpigb o tbgdhôg bxtrbko.
Mbchmi o qub bj fbti pbrdhcb bj pujsi mb jo komrb y bstï bg digtodti
mhrbdti dig su shstbko dhrdujotirhi mb jo komrb, bs sukokbgtb
hkpirtogtb dikbr sogi y tbgbr ugo rugo, poro pimbrjb mor oj ghÿi
jos kblirbs ipirtughmombs mb mbsorrijji. Ghvbjbs bxdbshvis mb ozüdor y
aroso bg jo sogarb kotbrgo sig hgmbsbocjbs, ugo ojto digdbgtrodhôg mb
ozüdor pimrëo mb ebdei irhahgor mhocbtbs murogtb bj bkcorozi, ji duoj
o su vbz ofbdtorëo oj ghÿi gbaovokbgtb bg su mbsorrijji. Th bj rhtki
dormhodi y jo prbshôg sogauëgbo bstïg digstogtbkbgtb mbkoshomi ojtis,

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 316


 

mbchmi oj bstrès, pir blbkpji, bsti pimrëo tokchèg ofbdtor oj fbti. O


pbsor mb qub pubmo porbdbr ug pidi hjôahdi, ug bstomi mb ehpbrtbgshôg
pimrëo rbojkbgtb rbmudhr bj uli mb sogarb o jo pjodbgto, ji qub morëo
diki rbsujtomi ug hgfogtb dig coli pbsi quhbg rbdhchô ixëabgi rbmudhmi
y pir ji togti bstï shdokbgtb bstrbsomi.
Rg gükbri mb bstumhis djëghdis eog mbkistromi qub bj bstrès, bj
gbrvhishski y jo ogshbmom murogtb bj bkcorozi
bkcorozi y bg bj porti sig fodtirbs
qub kïs ofbdtog o jo komrb y oj ghÿi. Tb eo mbkistromi qub jos kulbrbs
qub bstïg ojtokbgtb bstrbsomos murogtb bj bkcorozi dirrbg rhbsai mb
mbsorrijjor mbprbshôg pist-porti. Diki sb kbgdhigô, bg jo osidhodhôg
oj kogbli mbj bstrès bj bstrès, bs rbaujomi pir kbmhi mb mis shstbkos
kuy dikpjblis, jis duojbs bgbg ug koyir hkpodti bg bj dubrpi.
Bxpbrhkbgtis dig rotos bg bstomi mb arovhmbz eog mbkistromi qub bj
bstrès gi siji dokcho o jo komrb shgi tokchèg o su eochjhmom mb kogblor
bj bstrès, bg jo komrb, bj bstrès ofbdto oj shstbko primudtir mb dirsij
y bsti sb poso oj primudti, bj duoj godb dig ug shstbko qub dokcho
pbrkogbgtbkbgtb y bg digsbdubgdho sb vubjvb bxtrbkomokbgtb
sbgshcjb oj bstrès.

Bstis bstumhis gi sig üghdokbgtb hgtbrbsogtbs, shgi qub mog khbmi bg


bj sbgmi mb qub bj bstrès mb jo komrb bs ebrbmomi oj primudti, gi
gomo kïs abgèdokbgtb shgi sidhi-shijôahdokbgtb.
sidhi-shijôahdokbgtb. Bg itros pojocros,
jis portis bg bj futuri bgbg ugo tbgmbgdho
tbgmbgd ho o mor o juz coli bstrès.
Mb ji qub bstokis eocjogmi bs mb ug bgtirgi gbaovi bg bsphroj qub
vo ahrogmi kuy rïphmokbgtb eodho ocoli, y qub pimrëo bxpjhdor bg ugo
portb mbj mrokïdi hgdrbkbgti mb bstrès, diki sb vb bg jis ghÿis y
omijbsdbgtbs mb eiy bg mëo. Th o  diki futuro komrb
komrb tb austosb rik
rikpbr
pbr
bstb dërduji vhdhisi, ugo mb jos kblirbs disos qub pubmbs eodbr bs
rbsphror digsdhbgtbkbgtb
digsdhbgtbkbgtb y dig digtrij. Mb bsto kogbro, gi sijokbgtb
sb bgtigo y trogquhjhzo bj shstbko mb bstrès mb jo komrb, shgi tokchèg
oqubj qub sb jb troskhtb oj ghÿi. Rgi mb jis fodtirbs kïs hkpirtogtbs
qub ugo kulbr bkcorozomo mbcb digshmbror bs trocolor dig bj kogbli
mbj bstrès y jo rbjolodhôg, y bg bstb digtbxti opjhdor bstrotbahos vor
vorhomos
homos
mb dubrpi y kbgtb qub pubmbg sbr mb cbgbdhi ombkïs mb jos yo
bstocjbdhmos y mb prbporodhôg murogtb bj bkcorozi y poro bj godhkhbgti.
Ombkïs mb jis vëgdujis chbg midukbgtomis bgtrb bj bstrès mb jo komrb
y bj mbsorrijji mbj ghÿi, bxhstbg kuy pidis bstumhis qub mbkubstrbg
bj pitbgdhoj qub vorhos firkos mb tbrophos mb dubrpi y kbgtb pimrëog

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 311


 

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 315


 

Bj bstomi mb uli pjodbgtbri y shg gidhôg mbj bkpi sb bxpbrhkbgto murogtb jo


odvhmom shdo i murogtb ug bstomi mb ocstroddhôg titoj.

ifrbdbr o kulbrbs bkcorozomos y bg trocoli mb porti togti bj yiao diki


jo kbmhtodhôg pubmbg sbr mb
m b bxtrbki cbgbdhi murogtb bj bkcoroz
bkcorozi i y bj
porti, y okcis pimrëog mor diki rbsujtomi ug kblir pbsi mbj primudti
ug pbrhimi kïs dirti bg bj trocoli mb porti, kbgis hgtbrvbgdhigbs mb
hgstrukbgtoj murogtb
murogtb bj trocoli mb porti y rbmudhr bj mijir y jo tbgdhôg.

Ogtbs mbj godhkhbgti

Jis blbrdhdhis mb bxhchjhmom poro jo portb supbrhir mbj dubrpi y jo


rbsphrodhôg digstogtb pir jo gorhz sig kuy hkpirtogtbs poro jo futuro
komrb. Khbgtos kblir sbo jo rbsphrodhôg,
rbsphrodhôg, bj dubrpi mb jo komrb bstorï
kïs ixhabgomi y jhkphi, y o su vbz hauoj bstorï bj mbj ghÿi. Jis sëgtikos

mb ugo jo
korbi, rbsphrodhôg
foao, bj kotbrgoj
mijir mb gi bfbdvo
docbzo, dig frbdubgdho
khbgtros qub ugo hgdjuybg,
rbsphrodhôgbj
cubgo y digtrijomo ocostbdbrï mb bgbraëo, trogquhjhmom y ug subÿi kïs
prifugmi.
Jos rbsphrodhigbs prifugmos y digtrijomos bg dikchgodhôg dig
blbrdhdhis mb hkoahgodhôg qub kblirbg tu outibsko y jis sbgkhbgtis
mb fbjhdhmom qub hgdrbkbgtbg tokchèg bj ghvbj mb bgmirgos eorïg qub
bj mijir mb bkcorozi y porti mbdrbzdo. Proddor jis blbrdhdhis mb Nbabj
(pir blbkpji Dogmomi mb roëz), bs tokchèg ojai bsbgdhoj poro prbporor o
jos kulbrbs bkcorozomos poro bj ojukcrokhbgti
ojukcrokhbgti yo qub firtojbdb bj phsi
pèjvhdi. Pubmb usorsb poro rbdupbrorsb mbspuès mbj godhkhbgti.
Bg jos ujkos trbs mèdomos bg jis poësbs bsdogmhgovis jo pijëdo
idhoj mb sojum eo shmi mb qub domo kulbr bkcorozomo bgb mbrbdei
o ug kogbli bfbdvi mbj mijir. Eo eochmi ug oukbgti bg bj usi mb
kbmhdokbgti poro ojhvhor bj mijir pir kbmhi mb ogbstbsho jidoj, ixhmi
ghtrôabgi i ogbstbsho bphmuroj pbri ugo gbajhabgdho o jis ojhvhis goturojbs
poro bj mijir tojbs diki jo odupugturo, jis coÿis, jos hgybddhigbs mb
oauo sucdutïgbos, bj kosolb, btd.
Sbdurrbgtbkbgtb, bj bkcorozi tromhdhigoj y goturoj y jis dursis
prbgotojbs jis duojbs brog kuy usomis bg jis 10½s y jis 50½s y eog
shmi pubstis o ug jomi dig frbdubgdho pir oeirror distis. Ombkïs, jo
rbbstrudturodhôg y jis rbdirtbs mb pbrsigoj eog jjbvomi o tbgbr kbgis
bkpis y kbgis kogis bg kudeis eisphtojbs, ji duoj mo diki

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 318


 

rbsujtomi qub jos kulbrbs bkcorozomos gi shbkprb rbdhcog hgfirkodhôg


opriphomo y digidhkhbgti prïddi qub gbdbshtog murogtb bj bkcorozi
y bj trocoli mb porti.
Bs hkpirtogtb qub jo kulbr bkcorozomo bstè ojbrto y digsdhbgtb bg
rbjodhôg oj godhkhbgti, poro qub pubmo dikpirtorsb rodhigojkbgtb,
trogquhjokbgtb odbptogmi y ‚digsdhbgtb‛ bspbdhojkbgtb rbspbdti oj
mijir.
Ofirtugomokbgtb, kb shbgti fbjhz mb mbdhr qub eoy ug koyir hgtbrès
bg jos tèdghdos oshïdos ogdbstrojbs, qub sb cosog bg jo pbrsigo diki
ug timi lugti dig su kbmhi okchbgtb, bstï bkbrahbgmi,
bkbrahbgmi, i kïs chbg rb-
bkbrahbgmi. ]bgbkis jo bspbrogzo mb qub eoyo ugo koyir otbgdhôg o
jos gbdbshmombs mb jos kulbrbs bkcorozomos. Eiy bg mëo pubmbs tbgbr
oshagomo o ugo ‚miujo‛, ugo pbrsigo prifbshigoj
prifbshigo j quhbg bs bgtrbgomo
bgtrbg omo poro
oyumor y odigsblor o jos kulbrbs murogtb bj bkcorozi y bj godhkhbgti.
Bj tbrkhgi ‚miujo‛ vhbgb mbj Arhbai qub shaghdo ‚ugo kulbr qub shrvb‛
y jo tbgmbgdho vhbgb mb jis bstomis ughmis. Mbsmb eodb kudeis oÿis sb
ehzi pishcjb tbgbr ugo miujo oshagomo o jos kulbrbs bkcorozomos bg
jis poësbs bsdogmhgovis, tojbs diki Girubao y Tubdho, shg bkcorai jo
bmudodhôg mb jos miujos sb hghdhô bg Mhgokordo bg 3002.
Domo miujo eo yo porhmi y pubmbg oyumor murogtb bj bkcorozi y bj
godhkhbgti mbj ghÿi b hgdjusi
hgd jusi mbspuès mbj godhkhbgti. Rgo arog vbgtolo
mb ugo miujo bs qub bjjo gi oyumo dig jo portb kèmhdo mbj godhkhbgti
ji duoj sb mbjbao pir dikpjbti o jo portbro, oj midtir y jo bgfbrkbro,
osë qub bjjo sb pubmb digdbgtror pir dikpjbti bg auhor y prbporor o
jo kulbr bg trocoli mb porti y toj vbz o su porblo. Tu oyumo digshstb bg
ifrbdbr opiyi bkidhigoj, mhrbdtokbgtb oyumogmi o jo kulbr o osukhr
pishdhigbs qub tbgaog vbgtolos, mor kosolb i hgstruhrjo poro qub rbojhdb
blbrdhdhis shkpjbs mb rbsphrodhôg, y pir su pubsti tog siji bj ebdei mb
bstor prbsbgtb.
Bs ugo arog hmbo tbgbr o ugo pbrsigo prifbshigoj y dikpbtbgtb
oshagomo o  poro qub tb oshsto murogtb timi bj pridbsi mbj bkcorozi
drbogmi poz y sbaurhmom. Eo shmi midukbgtomi qub bj bfbdti mb tbgbr
ugo miujo prbsbgto rbsujtomis bg bj ebdei mb tbgbr ug pridbsi kïs dirti
murogtb bg godhkhbgti, kbgis mijirisi y dig kbgis hgtbrvbgdhigbs, o
ji qub dijbdvokbgtb sb jb jjoko ‚bj bfbdti miujo‛.
miujo‛. Bg dhfros digdrbtos
bj gükbri mb sbddhigbs mb dbsïrbos sb eog rbmudhmi dosh oj 20% y bj
digsuki mb mriaos qub ojhvhog bj mijir b hgmuddhôg kèmhdo oj trocoli
mb porti sb eog rbmudhmi ojrbmbmir
ojrbmbmir mbj 40% oj =0 % rbspbdvokbgtb.
rbspbdvokbgtb.
Gi bs mb sirprbgmbrsb qub ugo hgtbgso prbporodhôg murogtb bj
bkcorozi
bkcoroz i oukbgtb jo pishchjhmom mb tbgbr jo kblir bxpbrhbgdho pishcjb,
y pigb ègfoshs bg jo hkpirtogdho mb qub jo kulbr bkcorozomo bstè

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 350


 

shdo y kbgtojkbgtb prbporomos. Mbchmi o qub gi timis bgbg jo


ipirtughmom mb poaor oyumo prhvomo ô quhbro qub ugo bxtroÿo pordhpb
murogtb bj godhkhbgti, eoy tokchèg itros pishchjhmombs. Tbrëo mb hauoj
cbgbdhi poro jo kulbr bkcorozomo qub pordhpb bg jos djosbs mb yiao
ô bgtrbgokhbgti mb rbjolodhôg, firtojbdbr sus küsdujis ocmikhgojbs
y su mhofroako y mb bgrijorsb bg arupis poro bj godhkhbgti y itros
odvhmombs. Bs ugo cubgo hmbo tokchèg, sh bj dikpoÿbri pordhpo bg
ojaugis mb bstis blbrdhdhis.

Murogtb bj godhkhbgti

Th ugo kulbr bkcorozomo eo usomi bj yiao i jis blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg


poro prbpororsb i gi, jo portbro sb digdbgtrorï bg jo rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodh ôg murogtb
bj ojukcrokhbgti. Bg itris poësbs bg migmb jis trotokhbgtis
trotokhbgtis poro ojhvhor
bj mijir gi bstïg mhspighcjbs diki jis qub sb ifrbdbg bg Mhgokordo, jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhô g rbsujto ugo fubrtb firko mb osbauror ug godhkhbgti
god hkhbgti bxhtisi
bxhtisi
y ojhvhi mbj mijir.
Rgo rbsphrodhôg chbg rbaujomo y dojkomo pubmb drbor ugo bxpbrhbgdho
kïs podëdo y mor ug koyir sbgmi mb digtrij,
digtrij, pir digshauhbgtb, tbgbr
ug vbrmombri bfbdti mb ojhvhi mbj mijir, dig rbjodhôg o jos digtroddhigbs,
qub ugo kulbr bg trocoli mb porti bxpbrhkbgtorï
bxpbrhkbgtorï diki kbgis sbvbri,
sh gi bstï prbidupomo, gh bgb tbgshôg. Diki duogmi sistbgai kh
rbsphrodhôg mb 2 o 6 khgutis, y khs digtroddhigbs mhofroakïdos
pbrshstbg, bj mbj mijir mbj trocoli mb porti, tokchèg pbrshstb, hgdjusi
mbspuès mb ugo cubgo rbsphrodhôg. Pbri oj bstor digsdhbgtb mb bjji,
odbptorji usogmi jo rbsphrodhôg poro ictbgbr digtrij kbgtoj, mb toj
kogbro qub sb eoaog kïs suovbs y kbgis hgdôkimis.
]okchèg bs hkpirtogtb qub jo kulbr bg trocoli mb porti rbsphrb pir
su gorhz, pirqub diki ebkis vhsti ogtbrhirkbgt
ogtbrhirkbgtb,b, jo sogarb sb ixhabgo
shaghdovokbgtb kblir mb bsto kogbro. Xo sbo qub bj ohrb sb bxeojb o
trovès mb jo gorhz ô mb jo cido bs mb kbgir hkpirtogdho. Jo rbsphrodhôg
pir jo gorhz tokchèg sbrëo djovb sh dokcho bj jomi mbj dirozôg mbj fbti,
fbti, ô
bg bj dosi mb qub sb gbdbshtosb ixëabgi omhdhigoj dig kïsdoro.
Vorhos y mhfbrbgtbs tèdghdos sb bkpjbog murogtb bj godhkhbgti mbj
ghÿi. Rgo bs sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg pir ug kikbgti mbspuès mb jo
hgeojodhôg y ogtbs mb bxeojor.
bxeojor. Mb bsto kogbro sb bvhto jo ehpbrvbgjodhôg
y jo sogarb bs ixhabgomo mb kogbro kïs bdhbgtb y bvhtos bj korbi.
Itro tèdghdo sb pubmb bkpjbor duogmi jo kulbr bgb ugo urabgdho mb
pulor murogtb bj trocoli mb porti y bgb qub kogtbgbr bj puli pu li ogtbs mb
qub jo docbzo mbj ghÿi ojukcrb. Bsto tèdghdo shrvb poro prbvbghr qub jo

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 35?


 

kulbr pulb hgopriphomokbgtb, yo qub bsti pubmb moÿor o jo komrb togti


diki oj ghÿi. Jo tèdghdo digshstb bg qub yo sbo qub jo kulbr rbsphrb bg
pbqubÿis y rïphmis hgtbrvojis ô pir kbmhi mb ugo bxeojodhôg jbgto y
digtrijomo. Okcos prbvhbgbg o jo kulbr mb pulor dig timos sus fubrzos.
Bg digtrostb, bjjo pimrï pulor kudei kïs fubrtb duogmi sus pujkigbs
bstèg jjbgis mb ohrb, pirqub sus ôraogis rbprimudtirbs, su ocmikbg y
mhofroako pimrïg blbrdhtorsb dig koyir prbshôg, mb kogbro shkhjor o
duogmi tbgbkis qub jbvogtor ô kivbr ojai pbsomi. Pimrëo mbdhrsb qub
bstb pi mb rbsphrodhôg rbstrhgahmo bs bj ‚eiin-crbotehga‛,
‚eiin-crbotehga‛, ô rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg
mb aogdei, jo duoj ixhabgo bj dubrpi oj kïxhki, khbgtros qub crhgmo
opiyi y fubrzo.
Bg jo prifbshôg mb portbro, o bsti sb jb jjoko bj kètimi Vojsojvo. Jo
kulbr bg trocoli mb porti bs hgstruhmo poro qub rbsphrb prifugmi duogmi
sus mijirbs mb porti dikhbgzog y jubai o qub sistbgao jo rbsphrodhôg
togti diki pubmo, khbgtros pulo. Jubai, mbcb bxeojor y rïphmokbgtb
hgeojor poro pulor mb gubvi. Murogtb bj mijir mbj trocoli mb porti,
mbcb pulor mis i trbs vbdbs. Mbchmi o qub èstb bs bj kblir kètimi, dig
frbdubgdho sb uso poro komrbs prhkbrhzos, duogmi bj pbrhimi mb pulor
sb ojorao, yo qub bgbg kuy oprbtomis jis küsdujis mbj phsi pèjvhdi. Bj
kètimi tokchèg bs bxdbjbgtb
bxdbjbgtb sh o jos kulbrbs bg trocoli mb porti sb jbs
mhdujto pulor, ô sh bj ghÿi mbcb sojhr rïphmi mbchmi o ug jomi mèchj mbj
dirozôg.
Rg kètimi jhabrokbgtb mhfbrbgtb
mhfbrbgtb sb jb mbgikhgo
m bgikhgo jo tèdghdo mbj ‚puli
bspigtïgbi‛, bg bj duoj sb jb pbrkhtb o jo kulbr qub pulb duogmi bjjo
osë ji shbgto. Bg itros pojocros, bjjo rbsphro mb kogbro goturoj y pulo
duogmi shbgtb jo urabgdho mb eodbrji, kogtbghbgmi bj puli togti diki
sbo gbdbsorhi. Bsti dig frbdubgdho mo diki rbsujtomi pulis kïs dirtis
y kïs frbdubgtbs. Gi icstogtb, bstb kètimi pubmb sbr mb cbgbdhi
pirqub jo kulbr murogtb bj trocoli mb porti sisbgb su rbsphrodhôg pir
ug pbrhimi mb bkpi kïs dirti, mb kogbro qub ofbdto kbgis bj rhtki
dormhodi mbj ghÿi. Poro ojaugos kulbrbs bstb kètimi bs tokchèg kuy
digfirtocjb, pbri mbsofirtugomokbgtb gi bs tog bfbdvi y sb uso dosh
bxdjushvokbgtb pir komrbs bxpbrhkbgtomos qub trotog mb tbgbr ug
porti kïs fïdhj y kïs rïphmi.
Duogmi sb digshmbrog timis jis cbgbdhis, bs djori qub jo rbsphrodhôg
bs ugo icvho y pimbriso ebrrokhbgto murogtb bj bkcorozi y bj
godhkhbgti mbj ghÿi poro osbauror ug mbsorrijji sojumocjb mbj khski. O
pbsor,, mb qub jo rbsphrodhôg
pbsor rbsphrodhôg lubao ug popbj dbgtroj bg bstb digtbxti
digtbxti eiy
bg mëo, su bgirkb pitbgdhoj mbcbrëo sbr bxpjiromi
bxpjiromi y ujhzomi bg koyir
aromi bg bj futuri. Gi bs üghdokbgtb aros, shkpjb y oddbshcjb poro
timis, shgi qub tokchèg pripirdhigo firkhmocjbs ipirtughmombs poro

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 353


 

tbgbr ug porti bxhtisi dig pidis, i bg ojaugis dosis shg ghgaüg sbmogtb
qub quhtb bj mijir.
mijir. Bsti bs mbsbocjb poro ugo futuro komrb, quhbg quhbrb
mor o juz mb jo kogbro kïs goturoj.
Th bs pishcjb qub ugo kulbr mè o juz shg ghgaüg pi mb sbmogtb poro
bj mijir,
mijir, bgtigdbs sb rbmudb jo pishchjhmom mb hgfrhgahr moÿi bg jo komrb
i bj ghÿi murogtb jo hgtbrvbgdhôg.
hgtbrvbgdhôg. Jo kulbr bkcorozomo
bkcorozomo sb pimrï kivbr
kïs jhcrb y goturojkbgtb, y oj khski bkpi bjjo jhcrorï y ictbgmrï
ugo arog vhdtirho pbrsigoj. Bsti digjjbvo ug pitbgdhoj poro mbsorrijjor
ug firtojbdhkhbgti
firtojbdhkhbgti mb jo digogz
digogzoo bg së khsko y mb kïs bgbraëo poro poro
kogblor bj bgdubgtri dig su gubvo kotbrghmom.
Jis blbrdhdhis mb rbjolodhôg y rbsphrodhôg bg bj oauo tokchèg mbcbg sbr
bkpjbomis kïs priodvokbgtb. Bg bstb korovhjjisi bjbkbgti,
bjbkbgti, jo kulbr
bkcorozomo pubmb rbjolorsb kïs fïdhj y prifugmokbgtb qub bg brro,
mbchmi o qub gi pbso. ]okchèg bs hkpirtogtb bgdigtror ugo pishdhôg
dôkimo mb mbsdogsi, jo duoj pubmb togti dojkor, diki ojhvhor bj mijir.
Mb ebdei, jos kïahdos priphbmombs mbj oauo, mbcbrëog rbdhchr kudeo
kïs otbgdhôg bg timi pi mb rbjolodhôg, mb bstrès y mb ojhvhi mbj mijir.
mijir.
]bgai bspbrogzo
bspb rogzo bg qub bj digdbpti
digd bpti mb bstb ]rotomi
]rotomi mb jo Sbsphrodhôg
Sbsphrodh ôg y
jis blbrdhdhis qub oquë sb prbsbgtog tb eoyog momi ojaugos ebrrokhbgtos
prïddos y fïdhjbs poro opjhdor bg tu vhmo mhorho. Pubmbs bgdigtror kïs
hgfirkodhôg bg gubstro dikughmom hgtbrgodhigoj bg migmb pubmbs
ictbgbr osbsirëos pir vhmbi mb rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg jhcrb.
www.crbotebijiay.dik   y dikportb tu pbgsokhbgti y tus
Vhshto www.crbotebijiay.dik
bxpbrhbgdhos.

SBTPHSODHÔG ]SOG_RHJH\OG]B 354


 

Blbrdhdhis

Th sufrbs mb mijirbs, diki mb docbzo, kusdujor ô bstïs jhmhogmi dig


ugo bgfbrkbmom sbrho, jis shauhbgtbs blbrdhdhis pimrëog tbgbr ug bfbdti
trogquhjhzogtb. ¡Sbdubrmo jo sigrhso hgtbrgo, sh pubmbs jo bxtbrgo y rbër,
togti diki pubmos, hgdjusi duogmi tbgaos mijir!
Hgeojo o trovès mb tu gorhz y bxeojo pir tu gorhz ô cido, diki prbbros.
Th gi shbgtbs qub bj
b j blbrdhdhi surtb bfbdti jo prhkbro vbz qub ji rbojhzos,
gi tb mbs pir vbgdhmi, troto
troto mb gubvi itri mëo. Khbgtros kïs prodqubs,
firtojbdbrïs
firtoj bdbrïs kblir jo digbxhôg bgtrb dubrpi y kbgtb.

?) Sbsphro suovbkbgtb y bgfôdotb bg bj ïrbo mbj mijir, khbgtros qub ugo


mb (tus kogis ô jo mb itro pbrsigo) tido bj ïrbo. Mb bsto kogbro jiaros
kïxhko digsdhbgdho y pubmbs oilorjo, pir blbkpji duogmi bgbs jis
mijirbs bg bj dubjji y jis eikcris. Duogmi digsdhbgtbkbgtb ‚‚mblos
mblos hr‛
hr ‛ bj
mijir o trovès mb jis hkpujsis gbrvhisis mbsmb
m bsmb bj dbrbcri, jis küsdujis
jhcbrog su digmhdhôg rogtb. Pubmbs sbgr djorokbgtb
djorokbgtb diki sb oilo bj
küsduji, diki duogmi tb bsros jo tbgshôg mb jo pogtirrhjjo mbspuès mb
ugo jorao dorrbro.

3) Sbsphro suovbkbgtb y digdègtrotb bg tu rbsphrodhôg. Prbshigo tus


jochis lugtis ô sistèg bj ohrb mbtrïs mb tu jbgauo poro primudhr ug sighmi
‚psbbbbb‛ oj bxeojor. Oeiro vhsuojhzo bj juaor o migmb sufrëos mb mijir,
b hkoahgo qub bso ïrbo sb ojhvho kïs y kïs bg domo bxeojodhôg. Thbgtb
bj dojir qub sb bxbgmb prbdhsokbgtb bg bsos ïrbos bg jos qub tb bstïs
digdbgtrogmi. Bstb
Bstb blbrdhdhi pubmb tikor fïdhjkbgtb mb 2 o ?0 khgutis.

4) Hgtbgto jo ehpbrvbgjodhôg bgbraèdok


bgb raèdokbgtb
bgtb mb ?0 o 30 rbsphrodhigbs.
Bstb potrôg mb rbsphrodhôg dig frbdubgdho idurrb bspigtïgbokbgtb
bg kulbrbs dig trocoli mb porti y dig pbrsigos qub bxpbrhkbgtog
mijir mb rbpbgtb. Hgkbmhotokbgtb sb primudb ug sighmi y sb
digdbgtro sijokbgtb bg bj kbdoghski mb jo rbsphrodhôg. Rgo hgtbgso
ehpbrvbgjodhôg tb jjbvorï o kudeis dokchis tbkpirojbs bg tu dubrpi,
tu prbshôg sogauëgbo sb hgdrbkbgtorï, tu dirozôg trocolorï kïs rïphmi,
jo odhmbz mb tu sogarb dokchorï y sbdrbtorïs
sbdrbtorïs kudeo omrbgojhgo, ji duoj tb
prbporo poro ‚jo cotojjo‛. Dig timos bstos mhstroddhigbs, bstïs okorromi
o rbmhrhahr tu bgfiqub mbj mijir. Sbsujtorï sbdugmorhi poro jis kudeis

BLBSDHDHIT 351
 

itris dokchis qub idurrhrëog bg tu dubrpi.

=) Eoz ?0 rbsphrodhigbs mb ‚eiin-crbotehga‛ bkpulogmi bj mhofroako


y bj pbdei eodho ocoli mbspuès mb ugo hgeojodhôg o timi pujkôg.
Pricocjbkbgtb usos bj ‚eiin-crbotehga‛ duogmi jbvogtos ojai pbsomi.
Bsti tokchèg ji usog jos kulbrbs bg trocoli mb porti. Mb bsto kogbro
drbos ugo tbgshôg kïs ojto mb ixëabgi bg tus pujkigbs, ji duoj morï
diki rbsujtomi koyir digdbgtrodhôg mb ixëabgi bg jo sogarb. Oportb
mb dokchor tbkpirojkbgtb jo prbshôg bg tu ixëabgi,
ixëabgi, bskujorï tokchèg
tus gbrvhis y drborï ugo bspbdhb mb rbjolodhôg pistrbro.
pistrbro.

2) Vb o dokhgor oj cisqub, bgdubgtro ugo pjoyo bg bj mbshbrti, oduèstotb


oduèstotb
o tus ogdeos. Arhto bg jo portb supbrhir mb tus pujkigbs. Eozji mb 2 o ?0
vbdbs. Bsti eorï qub sb oilb jo tbgshôg kbgtoj y shdo, jo frustrodhôg y
bj mijir. Oj jhcbrortb o  khski y bskujor tus pujkigbs, bj mhofroako,
bj pjbxi sijor y bj rbsti mb tu shstbko gbrvhisi, drbos ugo sbgsodhôg
trogquhjhzogtbb y rbfrbsdogtb pir timi bj dubrpi. Bstb bs ug cubg blbrdhdhi
trogquhjhzogt
poro usorji duogmi bstïs bstrbsomi.

6) Sbsphro trogquhjokbgtb, uso jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso, sh quhbrbs. Eoz


tu hgeojodhôg mis vbdbs kïs qub tu hgeojodhôg diki bg bj blbrdhdhi mbj
progoyoko shkpjb, yo qub bsti tbgmrï ug fubrtb bfbdti bskujogtb bg
tu gbrvhi voai y jubai jo portb trogquhjhzogtb mb tu shstbko gbrvhisi.
Oj khski bkpi, troto mb ‚bgtror‛ oj mijir. Bxokëgoji y odèptoji, oj
bkpi bstorïs tog ogshisi pir ‚hgvbsaor‛ tu mijir,
mijir, qub mbsoporbdbrï
dikpjbtokbgtb.

1) Sbsphro trogquhjokbgtb usogmi jo Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso  y tôkotb


togti bkpi diki pubmo bxeojogmi. Bxeojo pir jo cido bg vbz mb pir jo
gorhz, y primudb ug prifugmi y suovb sighmi ‚ekkkkkkkkkkk‛.
]okchèg pubmbs eodbrji
eod brji kïs oaumi y ojti ‚ebbbbbbb‛
‚ebbbbbbb‛,, sh osë ji shbgtbs.
Bj sighmi mbcb sbr tog suovb y kbjimhisi diki sbo pishcjb. Bstb bs bj
blbrdhdhi mbj progoyoko y sb jb jjoko cerokorh . Bg sïgsdrhti sb jb jjoko
cerokoro qub shaghdo ‚ocblo mb khbj‛, osë qub bstb bs bj sighmi qub
bgbs qub trotor mb hkhtor. Bj blbrdhdhi drbo kudeos vhcrodhigbs pir
timi bj dubrpi y rbvhtojhzo tus dèjujos dig ug khdri-kosolb. Oportb
mb jhkphor tus dèjujos y tu shstbko gbrvhisi, cerokorh bs tokchèg ugo
rbjolodhôg firkhmocjb
firkhmocjb y ug blbrdhdhi mb digdbgtrodhôg qub bs cubgi poro
bj hgsikghi. Ojtbrgogmi, uso bj kogtro soaromi Ik qub (sb prigugdho
‚OOOOOORRRRKKKKKKK‛). Bstb kogtro mb sbauri mb eorï sbgr
jos vhcrodhigbs rbvhtojhzogtbs bg tu dubrpi bgtbri, prhkbri bg tu pbdei

BLBSDHDHIT 355
 

y jubai bg tu aoraogto, quhlomo y docbzo. Ombkïs mb ixhabgor tus


pujkigbs y tbgbr ug bfbdti rbjologtb y mbsbstrbsogtb, tb prbpororï
kbgtojkbgtb poro orrbajïrtbjos dig tu mijir.

5) Sboj
Sbojhz
hzoo bj bl
blbr
brdh
dhdh
dhi
i  bj Poroësi  y uso timis tus sbgmis poro
bxpbrhkbgtor bj juaor tog hgtbgsokbgtb diki sbo pishcjb. Bxpogmb bj
blbrdhdhi icsbrvïgmitb o  khski kivhègmitb pir timis jomis bg tu
poroësi, jhabri diki ugo pjuko y shg ghgaugo tbgshôg ô mijir. Dbrdhôrotb
mb qub tu rbsphrodhôg sbo tog suovb y shg bsfubrzi, osë diki tu dokhgor
shg pbsi. Oj bkpi, sbrïs dopoz mb color jo sbgshchjhmom
sbgshchjhmom bg bj ïrbo mbj
dbrbcri bg migmb sb pridbsog jos hkprbshigbs mbj mijir, khbgtros qub
jo kijbso porbdb kbgis sbvbro.

BLBSDHDHIT 358
 

Opègmhdb
 

Tojvor
Tojvor vhmos - prhkbris ouxhjhis
 

SBTRDH]ODHÔG DOSMHI
PRJKIGOS (SDP)

Jo rbsphrodhôg poro sojvor vhmos

Duogmi rbsphrokis bj ohrb bs deupomi eodho jis pujkigbs, y bgsbauhmo


bj dirozôg cikcbo bj ixëabgi o domo dèjujo mbj dubrpi. Bj dbrbcri bs bj
ôraogi kïs mbkogmogtb mb ixëabgi, uso eosto bj 30% mb tu digsuki
titoj mb ixëabgi khbgtros qub bstïs sbgtomi jbybgmi bstos jëgbos, o
pbsor mbj ebdei mb qub sôji rbprbsbgto 3% mbj pbsi titoj mb tu dubrpi.
Ombkïs mb sbr bj koyir digsukhmir mb ixëabgi bg bj dubrpi, tokchèg
bs bj kïs sbgshcjb o jis dokchis bg bj ghvbj mb ixëabgi. Th pir ojaugo
rozôg bstuvhbsbs coli mb ixëabgi, bj dbrbcri sbrëo bj prhkbri bg sufrhr
moÿi.
Oeiro hkoahgo bj shauhbgtb bsdbgorhi< Eo shmi ug mëo omirocjb, pbri
kuy idupomi y tb odocos mb mbtbgbr bg tu dbgtri dikbrdhoj jidoj poro
dikpror ojaugis ocorritbs. Khbgtros
Khbgtros bstïs firkomi bg jo jo jo ogdhogo
qub bstï frbgtb o , mb rbpbgtb dob shg vhmo bg bj subji, ¹què eorëos9 O
pbsor mb qub gi bs ug pbgsokhbgti pjodbgtbri, troto mb hkoahgor qub
bs tu kblir okhao ô ug qubrhmi khbkcri mb jo fokhjho. Të, ¡pimrëos sbr
tü tokchèg! Ojrbmbmir mb ?6=½000 poris dormhodis idurrbg fubro mbj
eisphtoj oguojkbgtb bg jis Bstomis Rghmis. Mb èstis, sôji bj 31.=%
rbdhcbg jo SDP (rbsudhtodhôg dormhi pujkigor). Bj rogai mb sicrbvhvbgdho
pir poris dormhodis fubro mbj eisphtoj bs mb ojrbmbmir mb 2%. Bsto dhfro
bs mbkoshomi colo. Mbsarodhomokbgtb, kudeis gi sicrbvhvbg pirqub
gi rbdhcbg jo SDP o bkpi. Bsti bs bxtrbkomokbgtb trhstb yo qub ugo
ipbrodhôg mb rbsdotb bfbdvo bs shkpjb mb rbojhzor y pimrëo mupjhdor jo
pricochjhmom mb sicrbvhvhr.
Thbkprb kb eb prbaugtomi pirquè jis dursis mb rbsudhtodhôg dormhi
pujkigor gi sig icjhaotirhis bg jo bsdubjo. Mb kogbro shkhjor, dig
frbdubgdho kb prbaugti pirquè jo abgtb gi posorëo ugo gideb i ug g
mb sbkogo tikogmi ug dursi. Bs rbojkbgtb kuy sirprbgmbgtb ji pidi
qub sb gbdbshto poro sojvor jo vhmo mb itri sbr eukogi, jo SDP gi bs ugo
ipbrodhôg sisdomo.
O trovès mb jis oÿis, eb tikomi vorhis dursis mb cudbi y sojvokbgti

TOJVOS VHMOT - PSHKBSIT ORUHJHIT 382


 

bg migmb kb bgsbÿorig jo SDP. ]okchèg eb bstumhomi bg shis wbc mb


rbjbvogdho, tikomi dursis omhdhigojbs bg jo Oabgdho mb Omkhghstrodhôg
mb Bkbrabgdhos Mogbso y odtuojhzomi khs digidhkhbgtis odbrdo mb jis
üjkis jhgbokhbgtis mb ug dursi ovogzomi bg Tubdho. Kïs oüg, eb
eocjomi dig midtirbs y sojvovhmos distbris quhbgbs sig dikpbtbgtbs
bg bstb dokpi.
Jis dursis sig fïdhjbs mb posor y gi sig distisis. Jis dursis mb SDP sb
ifrbdbg bg timos portbs y pir ji abgbroj tb prbporos chbg poro kogblor
shtuodhigbs duogmi ojauhbg sb bgdubgtro bg mbsarodho. Bs oaromocjb
socbr qub tu oyumo pubmb kordor jo mhfbrbgdho. Thg bkcorai, bs
bxtrbkomokbgtb hkpirtogtb qub gi tb dikprikbtos ô dikprikbtos
o itris murogtb ugo ipbrodhôg mb rbsdotb, pir blbkpji, crhgdor mb ug
dorri, crhgdor mb djovomi bg oauos colos, ô gomor duogmi eoyo ijbolb
arogmb y fubrtbs dirrhbgtbs.

¡Eoz ojai!

Eb bstomi bg vorhos shtuodhigbs bg jos duojbs jo abgtb sb eo bstomi


oeiaogmi, ô ebrhmis bg ug sbrhi oddhmbgtb, y kb eb sbgmi digtbgti
mb ji qub eb oprbgmhmi bg jis dursis. Kb eo ebdei pishcjb odtuor
bg ‚phjiti-outikïdi‛, rïphmokbgtb, bdhbgtbkbgtb y shg tucbis,
pirqub ji kïs hkpirtogtb mb jo SDP bs odtuor.

‚Rg pidi kbgis mb digvbrsodhôg, y ug pidi kïs mb oddhôg, pir fovir‛


BJVHT PSBTJBX

Kïs ocoli bgdigtrorïs ug bxtrodti mb ji üjki bg jis jhgbokhbgtis


mb jo SDP osë diki khs rbdikbgmodhigbs pbrsigojbs. Gi sb pubmbg
sucstuhr pir ug dursi mb SDP, pirqub sb ikhtbg kudeis mbtojjbs. Pir
icvhos rozigbs, gi sijokbgtb sb pubmb tikor pir kbmhi mb jo jbdturo,
shgi qub mbcb bgrhqubdbrsb dig bxpbrhbgdho bsbgdhojkbgtb prïddo,
toj diki bj kosolb mb dirozôg y jo rbsphrodhôg ordhoj. Gi icstogtb,
jos disos prhgdhpojbs bstïg hgdjuhmos
hgdjuhmos mb ugo shkpjb y djoro kogbro,
kogbro, y
pubmbs mbsdogsor sbauri mb qub bsti pubmb sojvor vhmos. Tb troto mb
eodbr ug kugmi mhfbrbgtb.
mhfbrbgtb.

TOJVOS VHMOT - PSHKBSIT ORUHJHIT 386


 

Rg cubg digsbli poro


prhkbris ouxhjhis

Vbrhdo sh bstï digsdhbgtb y jjoko o bkbrabgdhos

Ji prhkbri qub mbcb eodbrsb duogmi tb odbrdos o ojauhbg bs vbrhdor


sh jo pbrsigo bstï digsdhbgtb. Eïcjojb, mh pir blbkpji, ¡iyb! ¹Bstïs
mbsphbrti9, ¡Eijo! ¹Bstïs chbg9‛ Gi arhtbs, pirqub bg bj pbir mb jis
bsdbgorhis pubmb bgtror jo pbrsigo bg bstomi mb seidn. Todumb su
eikcri suovbkbgtb.
suovbkbgtb. Th gi eoy rbspubsto, jo pbrsigo bstï hgdigsdhbgtb,
mbcbs pbmhr oyumo hgkbmhotokbgtb. Pëmbjb o ojauhbg qub jjokb oj
gükbri mb bkbrabgdhos ô eozji mb tu tbjèfigi dbjujor, pigjb bj ojtoviz
poro qub pubmos
hgkbmhotokbgtb
hgkbmhotokbgt usorji shgogbdbshtor
b bkphbdbs josvhmo
sojvor ugo kogis.
y jis Bsti eodb ouxhjhis.
prhkbris pishcjb qub

Mbspblo jos vëos oèrbos

Osbaürotb mb qub jo pbrsigo bstè odistomo cido orrhco y suovbkbgtb


môcjojb jo docbzo eodho otrïs y jbvïgtojb jo corchjjo poro ocrhr jos vëos
oèrbos. Bsti bs bxtrbkomokbgtb hkpirtogtb pirqub kudeo abgtb sb
sifido dig su priphi vôkhti, sogarb i jbgauo. Jubai rbkubvb timi
bj vôkhti, i duojquhbr itri kotbrhoj qub pumhbsb tbgbr bg jo cido. Th
jo pbrsigo gi bstï rbsphrogmi. Bkphbzo jo (SDP) Sbsudhtodhôg Dormhi
Pujkigor.

Dikhbgzo jo SDP (40<3)

Dijido tus kogis ugo orrhco mb itro bg jo khtom mbj pbdei, kogtèg jis
dimis mbrbdeis y pig tust us eikcris mhrbdtokbgtb
mhrbdtokbgtb sicrb tus kogis poro
usor bj pbsi mb jo portb supbrhir mb tu dubrpi poro prbshigor fubrtb eodho
ocoli (? » o 3 pujaomos), Opjhdo 40 rïphmos dikprbshigbs mb pbdei, dosh
mis vbdbs pir sbaugmi, dig ugo frbdubgdho mb ?00 dikprbshigbs pir
khguti. Mbspuès mb 40 dikprbshigbs, mo mis rbsphrodhigbs mb rbsdotb,

TOJVOS VHMOT - PSHKBSIT ORUHJHIT 381


 

jos duojbs jjbvog oprixhkomokbgtb


oprixhkomokbgtb ug sbaugmi domo ugo.u go. Pubmbs sipjor
yo sbo pir jo gorhz i pir jo cido, pbri rbdubrmo dbrror bj eiyi qub gi sb
bstè usogmi poro qub bj ohrb sb mhrhlo mbgtri mb jis pujkigbs. Gi sipjbs
mbkoshomi fubrtb, yo qub pubmb dousor qub jo pbrsigo vikhtb, pbri
sipjo sudhbgtbkbgtb fubrtb poro eodbr qub bj pbdei mb jo pbrsigo sb
jbvogtb. Th eoy itros pbrsigos prbsbgtbs, mhvhmb jos torbos bgtrb bjjos
y tü, poro qub ugo sb digdbgtrb bg jos dikprbshigbs y jo itro bg jos
rbsphrodhigbs mb rbsdotb.
rbsphrodhigbs rbsdotb.
Thaub bstb potrôg mb rbsdotb (SDP dig 40 dikprbshigbs sbauhmos mb
mis rbsphrodhigbs mb rbsdotb,
rbsdotb, bs mbdhr o ugo pripirdhôg mb 40<3), yo qub
bsti crhgmo jo kblir dhrdujodhôg mb sogarb y jo kblir mhstrhcudhôg mb
ixëabgi bg jo pbrsigo qub bstï hgdigsdhbgtb. O pbsor mb qub o jo tèdghdo
sb jb jjoko Sbsudhtodhôg Dormhi Pujkigor (SDP), bs prhkirmhojkbgtb bj
dbrbcri bj qub bgbs qub sojvor, bs bxodtokbgtb ji qub eodbs duogmi
dikprhkbs bj dirozôg y sipjos bg jis pujkigbs mb jo pbrsigo. Bstïs
shkpjbkbgtb rbsphrogmi pir jo pbrsigo hgdigsdhbgtb. Sbdubrmo qub
üghdokbgtb ocsircbkis oprixhkomokbgtb ug duorti mbj ixëabgi qub
rbsphrokis. Osë qub ougqub bj ohrb qub sipjbkis o jo vëdko sb ‚usb‛,
eoy kïs qub sudhbgtb ixëabgi poro ixhabgor jo sogarb pir ug pbrhimi
dirti mb bkpi.
Diggüo dig jo SDP eosto qub jo pbrsigo dikhbgdb o rbsphror, jo
okcujogdho jjbaub y jis porokèmhdis sb eoaog dorai
dorai,, i eosto qub tu yo gi
tbgaos bgbraëo poro digguor. Th jo vëdko eo sufrhmi mb oeiaokhbgti i
sifidodhôg, sb rbdikhbgmo dikbgzor jo SDP dig dhgdi rbsphrodhigbs mb
rbsdotb.

Jo SDP bs fïdhj mb oprbgmbr y pubmb sojvor vhmos eukogos.

TOJVOS VHMOT - PSHKBSIT ORUHJHIT 385


 

Prhkbris ouxhjhis pshdijôahdis

Diki sb kbgdhigô ogtbs, bs hkpirtogtb qub gi arhtbs, gh bgtrbs bg


pïghdi. O pbsor mb qub bj jbshigomi gi rbspigmo, bs pishcjb qub
së pubmo bsdudeor ji qub bstïs mhdhbgmi, pirqub bj iëmi bs bj üjki
sbgmi bg mbsoporbdbr. Bsti bs tokchèg dhbrti poro abgtb bg diko.
Pir bsi bs bxtrbkomokbgtb hkpirtogtb qub shbkprb jb eocjbs dig
viz trogquhjhzogtb y djoro, hgdjusi duogmi eocjbs dig Tbaurhmom Pücjhdo
bg bj tbjèfigi, i dig jo abgtb qub bstè poromo. Mb kogbro shkhjor, bs
hkpirtogtb qub jo abgtb qub oyumb i bstè poromo dbrdo mbj jbshigomi,
eocjb suovb y dig tèrkhgis pishvis.
Rgo vbz kb tidô sistbgbr o ugo dehdo y eocjïgmijb rbosbaurïgmijb
mbspuès mb eocbr shmi kuy jbshigomo pir ug toxh qub jo aijpbô o arog
vbjidhmom. Murogtb bj dursi mb jis bvbgtis, ug bspbdtomir dikbgzô o
arhtor qub jo kudeodeo sb hco o kirhr, oj kbgis qub ugo okcujogdho
jjbaoro prigti. Bsti siji bkpbiro jos disos. ¡Auormo shjbgdhi ô vbtb!, sh
gi hgtbgtos oyumor.
Rso sijokbgtb pojocros pishvos y ifrbdb sbaurhmom më pir blbkpji<
‚Kb qubmorè digai‛, ‚Jo oyumo bstï bg dokhgi‛, ‚Bstï chbg‛, btd.
Gi mhaos ‚Gi vos o kirhr‛, ‚Gi bs tog koji ‚i‛ Gi bgtrbs bg pïghdi‛,
pirqub bj dbrbcri bstï icjhaomi o dbgtrorsb bg jos pojocros ‚kirhr ‚,‛
koji ‚i‛pïghdi‛. Th jo pbrsigo bstï rbsphrogmi, dijôdojo bg Pishdhôg mb
rbdupbrodhôg.

Pishdhôg mb rbdupbrodhôg

Dijôdo o jo pbrsigo jbshigomo cido orrhco, lojo jo phbrgo jblis eodho fubro, mbsmb
migmb bstè eodho orrhco
orrhc o y bg ïgauji rbdti y rito o jo pbrsigo eodho
eodh o o . ]okchèg
]okchèg
 lojo bj crozi kïs
kïs rbromi y dijôdo
dijôdo jo kogi mbcoli
mbcoli mb jo kblhjjo.

TOJVOS VHMOT - PSHKBSIT ORUHJHIT 388


 

]u rbsphrodhôg qu
qubb dojko

Rso tu rbsphrodhôg poro drbor poz, djorhmom y rbdursis kbgtojbs. Sbsphro


prifugmi y jbgtokbgtb o trovès mb timi bj pridbsi y troto domo vbz
qub tb sbo pishcjb rbjolor tu dubrpi, poro qub gi oprhbtbs küsdujis
hggbdbsorhokbgtb. Bgtigdbs trocolorïs kïs bdhbgtbkbgtb y pimrïs
oyumor pir kïs bkpi yo qub bj rbsdotb mb dirozôg-pujkôg
dirozôg-pujkôg pubmb sbr
kuy bxhabgtb y dogsomi mb rbojhzor pir 2 o ?0 khgutis shg mbsdogsi. Ji
ovbrhauorïs pir  khski bg bj prôxhki dursi mb SDP.

TOJVOS VHMOT - PSHKBSIT ORUHJHIT 400


 

]u priaroko mb
bgtrbgokhbgti
bgtrbgokhbgti pbrsigoj

Diki eocrïs pimhmi gitor oj jbbr bstb jhcri, Drbi qub ugi mbcbrëo
odtuor poro kogtbgbr ô rbstouror ugo vhmo sojumocjb, shbkprb y duogmi
omiptbs ug bgfiqub pishvi, durhisi, ojbarb poro bgtrbgor tu dubrpi
y tu kbgtb, bsti ji eorï kudei kïs fïdhj. Bgdigtrorïs ojaugos hmbos
mb dôki pubmbs drbor tu priphi priaroko mb bgtrbgokhbgti duogmi
quhbros y migmb quhbros.
Mbpbgmb titojkbgtb mb , duïgti bkpi mbsbbs bgtrbgor, pbri
poro bkpbzor mb ?0 o 30 khgutis oj mëo bstï chbg. Th jo mhsdhpjhgo jiaro
otroportb, rïphmokbgtb sbgrïs kudeis dokchis pishvis qub crhgmo
bj bgtrbgokhbgti.
eiro Pimrtb
Pimrïs
dikpjbto, ji duoj ïsmorï
prijigaorji mb rbjologtb
ugo rugo 40 o =0 khgutis ô hgdjusi ugo
y kuy vhairhzogtb.
Oeiro tb morè ojaugos rbdikbgmodhigbs mb dôki dikchgor jis
blbrdhdhis mbj jhcri o trovès mb duotri fosbs cïshdos, sh mbsbos eodbrji
mb ugo kogbro dikpjbtokbgtb mhfbrbgtb, mbpbgmb mb , dokcho mb
blbrdhdhi diki ji mbsbbs ô oÿomb itris qub tb austbg.
Diki vbrïs, tu priaroko mb bgtrbgokhbgti digshstb bg ug por mb
pïahgos qub sb mhvhmbg bg = fosbs, bg jos duojbs pubmbs bgtror o tus
blbrdhdhis fovirhtis. Mb bsto kogbro bj priaroko mb bgtrbgokhbgti
sb vubjvb pbrsigoj y shbkprb bstï o jo kogi. Rso ug jïphz, poro qub
pubmos drbor gubvis priarokos oj hr omquhrhbgmi kïs prïddo y gubvos
hmbos. Eoy ugos pïahgos qub bstïg mbmhdomos poro opugtbs odbrdo mb
tus bxpbrhbgdhos y priarbsi mbspuès mbj priaroko mb bgtrbgokhbgti
pbrsigoj. Pubmbs tokchèg vhshtor jo shauhbgtb mhrbddhôg mb dirrbi
bjbdtrôghdi< www.crbotebijiay.dik
www.crbotebijiay.dik b
 b hgsphrortb dig jos osbsirëos mb jis
vhmbis mb rbsphrodhôg jhcrb.

Fosb ?< Dojbgtokhbgti Fëshdi y Kbgtoj

Th bkphbzos jis blbrdhdhis mbspuès mb ug jorai mëo, bs ugo cubgo hmbo


rbdistorsb bg ugo Pishdhôg mb rbjolokhbgti y rbsphror trogquhjokbgtb
pir ug por mb khgutis (p. 28). Mb bsto kogbro tu dubrpi y tus

BLBSDHDHIT 404
 

pbgsokhbgtis sb rbjolog y kordog jo trogshdhôg poro mor hghdhi o tu


ebrkisi, trogquhjhzogtb y vhairhzogtb priaroko mb bgtrbgokhbgti. Th
jis pbgsokhbgtis mhvoaog bg tu docbzo, ug blbrdhdhi mb digdbgtrodhôg
b hkoahgodhôg sbrëo mb arog cbgbdhi poro < Fubrzo arovhtodhigoj,
Duomri mb sighmi, Dubrpi ozuj-rili, Aizi hgtbgsi ô bj Poroësi (p. 60-63).
Jo kogbro diki mhrhabs tus pbgsokhbgtis eodho ojai pishvi y pimrïs
kïs fïdhjkbgtb ijvhmor jis pbgsokhbgtis gbaovis mbj mëo.
m ëo.
Th rbojhzos jis blbrdhdhis bg jo koÿogo mbspuès mb eocbr mirkhmi chbg,
ô sh bgbs ug cubg ïghki y bstïs jhsti, tog siji bkphbzo. Dojhbgto tu
dubrpi y tus pujkigbs dig ugi ô kïs mb jis shauhbgtbs blbrdhdhis<

i mb pbdei y eikcris (p. ?84)


Bsrokhbgti
Bsrokhbgt
 Ojcotris (p. ?8=)
i oj dhbji (p. ?8=-?82)
Bsrokhbgti
Bsrokhbgt
Kuÿbdo mb tropi (p. ?82)
Bsrokhbgti
Bsrokhbgt i mb aoti (p. 324)
Kivhbgmi jo dijo (p. 324-32=)
Pisturo mbj ïgauji rbdti (p. 32=)
Pisturo mbj ozomôg (p. 32=-322)
Pisturo mbj ghÿi (p. 322)
Bxeojodhôg kïxhko (p. 322-326)

Fosb 3< Blbrdhdhis mb rbsphrodhôg

Duogmi quhbrbs bgtrbgor tu rbsphrodhôg, pubmbs sbjbddhigor ugi ô kïs


mb jis blbrdhdhis shauhbgtbs<

?) Blbrdhdhis abgbrojbs mb rbsphrodhôg< Gbutroj , Otbgdhôg, Shtki y pujsi,


 Otbgdhôg
]u rhtki goturoj  (p.
 (p. 52-51).
3) Sbsphrodhôg yiao< Jo Sbsphrodhôg yiao, jo Sbsphrodhôg yiao dig tbgshôg
ocmikhgoj , Bgtrbgokhbgt
Bgtrbgokhbgti i mbj mhofroako (p. ??1-?30)
4) Progoyoko trogquhjhzogtb — sh bs pishcjb dig rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo<
Sbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso, Sbsphrodhôg ojtbrgogmo mb gorhgos  (p. ?28-
?6?).

Dikhbgzo rbsphrogmi dig ugo pripirdhôg


p ripirdhôg mb ?<? oj hgeojor y oj bxeojor.
bxeojor.
Mbspuès, pubmbs bxeojor mis vbdbs khbgtros eoyos
eoyos hgeojomi.
Oj bkpi oÿomb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg dig jis pujkigbs vodëis
y tokchèg o pujkôg jjbgi, hgeojo, bxeojo, kogtèg jo rbsphrodhôg bg
ugo pripirdhôg mb ?<?<?<?. Mbspuès mb ugos sbkogos i ugis kbsbs

BLBSDHDHIT 40=
 

pimrïs dokchor bso pripirdhôg ô sijokbgtb sistbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg dig


pujkigbs jjbgis bg jo Sbsphrodhôg ojtbrgomo mb gorhgos o ugo pripirdhôg
mb ?<=<3 (vbr jo auro mbj progoyoko p. ?6?).
Bs bxtrbkomokbgtb hkpirtogtb bj qub gi rbsphrbs i sistbgaos jo
rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg pir mbkoshomi bkpi, pirqub gbdbshtos bvhtor ‚lojor ohrb‛.
ohrb‛.

?) Bgtrbgokhbgti pimbrisi mb jis küsdujis rbsphrotirhis (progoyoko


odvomir)< Purhdodhôg mbj dbrbcri (p. ?63), Sbsphrodhôg dig crokhmi 
(p. ?64), Prbshôg goturoj mbj pbdei ( ]orzïg, p. ?86), Prbshôg ordhoj
mbj pbdei (Vëciro, p. ?86).

3) Prodqub jis trbs dogmomis murogtb bj bgtrbgokhbgti< Dogmomi mb


roëz, Dogmomi ocmikhgoj , Dogmomi mb aoraogto (p. 326) sh sb rbojhzo
oj khsko bkpi, firkog bj Arog dogmomi (Koeo cogmeo, p. 321).

Fosb 4< Kbmhtodhôg y Sbjolodhôg

Duogmi quhbros kbmhtor, jo kblir pishdhôg bs jo pisturo mb yiao, bg jo


duoj tb shbgtos dig jo bspojmo mbrbdeo (p. ?26-?21). Thg bkcorai, bsdiab
jo pishdhôg qub kblir tb odikimb. Bxhstbg kudeis pis mb kbmhtodhôg,
pbri ji rbsukhrbkis oquë o mis pis< Rgi, bg bj qub jo kbgtb sb
digdbgtro bg ugo sijo diso bg pordujor,
pordujor, pir blbkpji, tu pujsi, bj sighmi
mb jo rbsphrodhôg, ug pbgsokhbgti i ug iclbti, y itro bg jo duoj icsbrvos
tus pbgsokhbgtis poshvokbgtb y rbahstros timi ji qub bstï ombgtri y
fubro mb . Rgo bspbdhb mb kbmhtodhôg digsdhbgtb.
Duogmi eoyos tbrkhgomi, y tus pbgsokhbgtis rbarbsbg oj
bgtrbgokhbgti,, rbduèstotb jbgtokbgtb sicrb tu bspojmo bg jo Pishdhôg mb
bgtrbgokhbgti
rbjolokhbgti. Dhbrro tus ilis y rbojhzo ug crbvb blbrdhdhi mb hkoahgodhôg
ô digdbgtrodhôg bgfidïgmisb bg bstor dikpjbtokbgtb rbjolomi, pir
blbkpji, Thbgtb tu dirozôg i proddo jo Ebrkiso hkïabg mb ugi khski 
(p. 54-5=). ]iko
]iko tu bkpi,
bkpi, ‚rbarbsogmi‛
‚rbarbsogmi‛ bgdilb tus mbmis y jis mbmis
mb jis phbs y ocrb tus ilis jbgtokbgtb.

Fosb =< Irodhôg y Arotum

Dhbrro jo sbshôg dig ugo pbqubÿo irodhôg hgtbrgo, toj vbz dig tus kogis
 lugtos frbgtb o tu pbdei. ]okchèg pubmbs bsdiabr tbrkhgor jo sbshôg
rbphbgmi trbs jorais Ik (OOORRRKKKK), ô sijokbgtb mor jos
arodhos pir timos jos disos korovhjjisos qub bgbs bg tu vhmo.

BLBSDHDHIT 402
 

Priaroko pbrsigoj poro<

FOTB ?< DOJBG]OKHBG]I KBG]OJ X FËTHDI (3-2 KHGR]IT)

FOTB 3< BLBSDHDHIT


BLBSDHDHIT MB SBTPHSODHÔG
SBTPHSODHÔG (2-?0 KHGR]IT)

BLBSDHDHIT 406
 

FOTB 4< KBMH]ODHÔG X SBJOLODH


SBJOLODHÔG
ÔG (3-?0 KHGR]IT)

FOTB =< ISODHÔG X ASO]H]RM


ASO]H]RM (?-2 KHGR]IT)

BLBSDHDHIT 401
 

GI]OT ODBSDO MB BUPBSHBGDHOT, PBGTOKHBG]IT, HKPSBTHIGBT


X PSIASBTI BG ]R BG]SBGOKHBG]I MHOSHI

BLBSDHDHIT 405
 

BLBSDHDHIT 408
 

Omvbrtbgdhos
Pir fovir,
fovir, tiko bg dubgto qub bstb
b stb jhcri fub drbomi diki ug sup
supjbkbgti
jbkbgti
b hgsphrodhôg poro jo prïddo mhorho.
Th bgbs mumo odbrdo mb jjis
is blbrdhdhis i mb duojquhbr pishcjb
pishcjb rhbsai
rhbsai,,
tb odigsbli digsujtor o ug prifbshigoj, yo sbo kobstri, hgstrudtir i
kèmhdi.

Bs rbspigsochjhmom mhrbdto mbj jbdtir bgtbgmbr jis rhbsais osidho-


mis o jo rbsphrodhôg y o digtbgbr jo rbsphrodhôg. Duogmi sb sisbgb
jo rbsphrodhôg bg bj oauo (opgbo), bsti mbcb eodbrsb shbkprb dig ug
hgstrudtir prifbshigoj. Ombkïs, timos jos odvhmombs oduïdos mbcbg
proddorsbb bg porblo,
proddors p orblo, poro koxhkhzor
koxhkhzor jo sbaurhmom. ¡Gugdo cudbor siji!

Portb mbj rbpbrtirhi mb ‚sbaurhmom y rbsdotb‛ mb jis sbrbs eukogis


mbcb hgdjuhr dopodhmom mb rbojhzor jo rbsudhtodhôg dormhi pujkigor (SDP).
Tb rbdikhbgmo tikor ug dursi bspbdëdi mb tbirëo y prïddo. Jbbr ug
jhcri gi bs sudhbgtb, cusdo hgstruddhigbs mb ug bspbdhojhsto poro oprbg-
mbr dôki rbojhzor dirrbdtokbgtb
dirrbdtokbgtb bj pridbmhkhbgti.

Bs rbspigsochjhmom pbrsigoj mhrbdto mbj jbdtir,


jbdtir, bj omiptor kbmhmos mb
sbaurhmom bg bstos odvhmombs. Duojquhbr pèrmhmo mhrbdto i hgmhrbdto,
jbshôg i duojquhbr itri hgdhmbgtb, qub pumhbsb sudbmbr i gi sudbmbr
mbspuès mb jbbr bstb jhcri i bg jo hgfirkodhôg rbjodhigomo dig bstb jhcri
gi bs rbspigsochjhmom gh mbj outir gh tokpidi mbj bmhtir.
bmhtir.
 

ËGMHDB

o dogmomi mb aoraogto
aoraogto 321
dogmomi mb roëz 326
OD], vbr tbropho mb odbptodhôg y dogmomis mbj dubrpi (cogmeo) ???,
dikprikhsi ??4, ?30, 326
omrbgojhgo 43, 351 dèjujos mb sogarb rilo ?=5, ?13,
ojcotris ?8= ?14, ?5=-?51, 330-334, 343
ojhvhi mbj mijir 31=, 35?, 354 deodro ?01-?08, ??4, ?30, ?21, 322
opgbo, vbr rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo digdbgtrodhôg 41, =6, 21-63, 5=,
opgbo mbj subÿi 342 85, ?02, ?05-??3, ?38, ?44, ?48,
osogos, vbr pisturos mb yiao ?=4, ?5=, 36=
osetogao yiao
yiao 85, ?02 digtrij mb jo rbsphrodhôg (progoy-
osko 38, =?, 81, ?28, 3?1-330, oko) ?2-?6, 46, 24, 85-?00, ?04-
343, 342 ?01, ??3-??=, ?32, ?43, ?=4,
ozuj prifugmi (pèjhdujo) ?4?, ?46, ?22-?63, ?13, 302, 3?0-3??,
?=? 3?5, 334, 343, 342, 3==, 326,
36?, 355, 40=-402
c dirsij 43, =?, 311
cogmeo, vbr dogmomis mbj dubrpi duomri mb sighmi 60
cozi 16-11, ?03, ?=5-?=8, ?13, dubrpi ozuj-rili 6?
?5=-?52, 343
ceostrhno, vbr rbsphrodhôg dig cro- m
khmi mbshgtixhdorsb
mbshgtixhdorsb ?00
?0 0
crigquhs oaumo 344 mhofroako 42, =2, 65-68, 14, 12,
cudbi jhcrb ?=, 41, =5, 86, ?03, 54, ?03, ???, ??4, ??5-?30, ?48,
?36, ?4?, ?44-?2?, ?61, ?68, ?=0, ?63, ?64, ?51, ?86, 3??,
?12, ?50, ?51, ?58, 3?4, 3?6, 3?8, 343, 344, 326, 35?, 355
3?5, 33=, 336, 3=?, 36? mhbto ojdojhgo/ïdhmo =1-=8, 312
mhôxhmi mb dorcigi =1, 61, 65, 13-
d 16, ?=1, ?64, ?61, ?1?, ?13-?1=,
dogojbs mb bgbraëo (gomhs) ?00, ?53, ?81, 3?8, 334, 346
?01, ??=, ?60 mijir 44, 24, ?04, ?=4, 330, 344,
dïgdbr mb pujkôg 38, 334, 343, 346, 36?, 36=-354
346 mirkhr 32, 43, 44, 45, =?, 28, 12,
dogmomi ocmikhgoj (ummhyogo) 86, ?36, ?44, ?20, 3?4, 342, 318
326 mirkhrsb kïs rïphmi ?25

ËGMHDB 4??
 

b h
bkcorozi
bkcoroz i 3?4, 312-353 hkoahgodhôg ?5, 42, 41, 48-=0, 21-
bkpodor (jjbgor jis pujkigbs mb 60, ?38, ?41, ?=4, ?16-?11, 36?,
ohrb ) ?1?, ?51-?58, 33=-331 366, 310, 318, 40=-402
bgmirgo 363, 366, 318, hgsikghi 355
bgbraëo mb vhmo (progo) ?2, =2, 85,
?00-??3, ?32, ?21, 30=, 305, j
3?0, 3?=-3?2, 326 jhkphbzo gosoj (gb) ?00, ?03, ?63
bgfbrkbmom mb jo mbsdikprbshôg jjbgor jis pujkigbs mb ohrb (vbr
?=2, 33? bkpodor)
bgtrbgokhbgti mbj mhofroako ?30
BPID, vbr pujkôg mb fukomir
bsrokhbgti mb aoti 324 k
bsrokhbgti mb pbdei y eikcris kogtro =3, ?05, ?4?, ?28, 3?=, 355
?84 kosolb mb dirozôg 386
bsrokhbgti
bsrokh bgti oj dhbji ?8=-?82 Koyij, Lodqubs ?=0-?=?
bstrès ?=, 32, 32-==, 65-68, 12, 15- kbmhtodhôg ?5, 42-45, =?, 5=, 8=,
18, 56-56, 81, ?0=-?02, ?4?-?43, 85, ?00, ?04-?02, ?05, ???-??3,
?=4, ?28, ?61, ?16, ?5=, 30?, ?36, ?38, ?44-?=4, ?41, ?48,
3?0, 3?3, 338-340, 348, 36?, ?=3, ?==, ?5=, 304-30=, 3?3,
362, 361, 310, 312-311, 354, 355 343, 36?, 36=, 310, 313, 318,
bxeojodhôg kïxhko 322-326 402, 401
kbmhtodhôg digsdhbgtb 48, 21, ?38,
f  ?5=, 36=, 368, 314, 402
uli (iw) 41, ?36, ?43, ?11, 362, khiajichgo ?=8, ?14-?1=
366, 314, 318 kivhbgmi jo dijo 324-32=
fubrzo arovhtodhigoj 60 kuÿbdo mb tropi ?82

a g
aizi hgtbgsi 6? godhkhbgti 30=, 316-353
arog dogmomi 321 gomh seimog, vbr rbsphrodhôg ojtbr-
gomo mb gorhgos
e gomhs, vbr dogojbs mb bgbraëo
eoteo yiao 88-?00 gordishs ?=1
ebkotidrhti ?13,?52 gbrvhi voai 15-18, 54, ??3, ?1=,
ebkiajichgo ?=8, ?14, 330, 333 ?5=, 3?3, 3?4-3?2, 344, 355
ebrkiso hkïabg mb ugi khski 5= gb, vbr jhkphbzo gosoj
eypbrtbgshôg 305, 3??, 316-311 gbukigëo ?03, 30?, 306, 344-34=
gbutroj 52
ghtrôabgi ?==, ?=1, ?1?, 301-305,
3?8-330, 318

ËGMHDB 4?3
 

i eo) ?63
icbshmom =2-=6, 3?0, 342
Ik (vbr kogtro) r
Irodhôg =3, ?=4, ?28, 3?2, 36?, Sbdirm Kugmhoj Auhggbss ?44, ?==
402, 401 rbbli mbj cudbi 46, ?=8, ?1=, ?52
ixhmi mb ghtrôabgi ?1?, 301-305, rbeochjhtodhôg ?5=, 3??, 336, 340,
3?8 345-320, 361-365
ixëabgi ?=, 36-31, 40, =8, 23, 61, rbjolodhôg ?5, 36, 42-46, =0, 21-6?,
14-16, ??=, ??8, ?44, ?46, ?48, 54-5=, 81, ?0=, ??3, ?38, ?44,
?=3, ?=1-?=8, ?63, ?65, ?1?- ?41, ?48-?=0, ?==, ?22, ?16,
?1=, ?15, ?5?-?55, ?81, 30=-3?4, 30=, 3??, 3?6, 344, 3==, 36?,
330-33=, 338-346, 363, 362-366, 366-313, 316, 35?, 354, 355,
311, 35?, 355, 382, 385 402, 401
rbsphrodhôg ojtbrgomo mb gorhgos
p (gomh seimog) ?60
poroësi 63 rbsphrodhôg ordhoj 386-385
pbjito bgtrbgomiro 365, 31= rbsphrodhôg dig crokhmi (ceostrh-
pèrmhmo mb jo digsdhbgdho (cjodn- no) ?64
iut) ?=1-?=5 rbsphrodhôg mb aogdei (eiin-
pishdhôg mb rbdupbrodhôg 388 crbotehga) ?48, 3?8, 3=?, 353,
pishdhôg mb rbjolokhbgti 28 355
pisturo mb mhokogtb ?46, ?26 rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo (opgbo) 46-
pisturo mb jiti ?26-?21 41, 16, ?02-?06, ?32-?2?, ?26,
pisturo mb kbmhi jiti ?21 ?6?, ?61, ?13, ?11, ?15, ?5?-
pisturo mb phbrgos druzomos ?26- ?52, ?84, 3?3, 3?1-3?5, 334,
?21 331, 338-340, 343, 342, 3=6,
pisturos mb yiao (osogos) ?00, 326, 362, 310, 40=
?03-?02, ??3, ?=4, ?60, 3=6 rbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso (ulloyh) ?28-
pisturo mbj ïgauji rbdti 32= ?6?
pisturo mbj ozomôg 32=-322 rbsphrodhôg
rbsphrodhôg yiao ??1-??8
pisturo mbj ghÿi 322 rbsphrodhôg yiao dig tbgshôg oc-
progo, vbr bgbraëo mb vhmo mikhgoj ??8-?30
progoyoko, vbr digtrij mb jo rhtki y pripirdhôg mbj bgtrbgokh-
rbsphrodhôg bgti ?81
prbshôg ordhoj mbj pbdei (vëciro) rhtki y pujsi 56
?86 SDP (rbsudhtodhôg dormhi pujki-
prbshôg goturoj mbj pbdei (torzïg) gor) 382-400, 4?0
?86
pshdijiaëo pishvo =0, ==, 314 s
pujkôg mb fukomir (BPID) 34= sokco ?=1, 3?4
purhdodhôg mbj dbrbcri (nopojoc- sogarb ïdhmo 341

ËGMHDB 4?4
 

sogarb ojdojhgo 346


shbgtb tu dirozôg 54
shstbko gbrvhisi (poroshkpïdi)
11-18, ?05, ???, ??=, 344
shstbko gbrvhisi (shkpïdi) 11-
15, ??=, ?63

t
torzïg, vbr prbshôg goturoj mbj pb-
dei
tbirëo mbj kigi oduïdi ?=8-?2?
tbropho mb dubrpi y kbgtb 36?-
363, 368, 31=-312
tbropho mb odbptodhôg y dikpri-
khsi
(OD]) 45, 21, 362
trostirgi icsbshvi-dikpujshvi
(]ID) 362
trostirgi pir mèdht
trostirgi m èdht mb otbgdhôg
dig ehpbrodvhmom (]MOE) 3?3
trostirgi pir bstrès pistroukïdi
(]BP]) 362
trotokhbgti dig ixëabgi ehpbrcïrh-
di (]IEC) 33?-333
tu rhtki goturoj 56-51
tucbrdujishs ?03, 344

u
ummhyogo, vbr dogmomi ocmikhgoj
ulloyh, vbr rbsphrodhôg vhdtirhiso
v
vëciro, vbr prbshôg ordhoj mbj pb-
dei
vhsuojhzodhôg 48, =0-=?, 60, 5=, ?16

ËGMHDB 4?=
 

Ta Âvojj Tbvbrhgsbg, (godhmi bg ?814) bs duotri vbdbs


Dokpbôg Kugmhoj mb Cudbi Jhcrb. Bj cudbi
c udbi jhcrb
digshstb bg cudbor prifugmokbgtb khbgtros
khbgtros qub

sisbgbs tu rbsphrodhôg.
Chijiaëo (300?) ]hbgb ug
y ug Midtiromi bgaromi mb Kobstrëo
Kbmhdhgo (3001) mbbg
jo Rghvbrshmom mb Ooreus, Mhgokordo. Murogtb jo üjko
mèdomo eo proddomi b hgvbsaomi
hgvbsaomi jis bfbdtis cbgèdis
mb jo rbsphrodhôg y mb jo rbsphrodhôg sistbghmo bg
dubrpi y kbgtb.
O trovès mb su dikpoÿëo ‚CjubDigsujt‛,
‚CjubDigsujt‛, cjubdigsujt.chz,
y su dikughmom bg rbm hgtbrgodhigoj ‚ crbotebijiay‛,
ifrbdb dursis y digfbrbgdhos bg jo bdhbgdho mb jo
rbsphrodhôg y bgtrbgokhbgt
b gtrbgokhbgti i kbgtoj.

Ügbtb oo jos
oddbmb su osbsirëos
dikughmommb bg< 
bg<   www.crbotebijiay.dik 
www.crbotebijiay.dik
jo rbsphrodhôg aro
arotuhtos.
tuhtos.  y
 

Jo koyirëo mb gisitris rbsphrokis hgbdhbgtbkbgtb. Jo vhmo sb vhvb


dig frbdubgdho bg bj dorrhj mb ojto vbjidhmom, bspbdhojkbgtb duogmi
bstokis bstrbsomis, tbgmbkis o usor üghdokbgtb jo portb supbrhir mb
gubstris pujkigbs. Gis ijvhmokis mb rbsphror prifugmi eosto gubstri
bstôkoai mb toj kogbro qub pbrmbkis dogmom mb bgbraëo.

Tiji duogmi tb mos dubgto mb tu rbsphrodhôg y mb dôki bgtrbgorjo, pimrïs


oprbgmbr o rbsphror opriphomokbgtb. ]u dubrpi hgkbmhotokbgtb
ocsircbrï kïs ixëabgi y mbspuès mb ug dirti bkpi tbgmrïs kïs
bgbraëo y ictbgmrïs koyir trogquhjhmom kbgtoj.

Jos vbgtolos mb jo rbsphrodhôg bdhbgtb<

Ictèg kïs bgbraëo bg tu vhmo mhorho


Kbliro tu kogbli mbj bstrès
Ipkhzo tu trocoli y tu mbsbkpbÿi mbpirvi
Bvhto jos bgfbrkbmombs y kblôrotb kïs rïphmi
Khghkhzo bj mijir drôghdi i posolbri
Vuèjvbtb kïs fbjhz y kïs pishvi
Vhvb ugo vhmo kïs jorao y sojumocjb

‚Oqubjjis qub rbsphrog o jo khtom, vhvbg jo khtom.‛


  ODEOSXO KHJHGM NRKOS CEOSMQOX

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