Auk`bgdktfs
Auk`bgdktfs `d

Gbrhdtikc
Jbpçtuef ?
Eb dgprdsb y eb dstrbtdcib `d
gbrhdkc. Bsfjibrsd pbrb
jfkstruir rdebjifkds jfk efs
jeidktds

Eb ikafrgbjiúk jfktdki`b dk dstb prdsdktbjiúk ds jfk`dkjibe y dstâ edcbegdktd prftdci`b, ds pfsioed

qud ustd` kf dsté butfrizb`f pbrb usbr, jfpibr f `ivuecbr tf`f f pbrtd `d eb ikafrgbjiúk dxpudstb.
 

^brb`b `d `dsjbksf<
^rdsdktbjiúk `d jfkjdptfs
• Dxpeijbr eb pebkdbjiúk dstrbtécijb `d tf`b eb
dgprdsb y sus jubtrf pbsfs.

• Bkbeizbr júgf sd `isdòbk ebs jbrtdrbs `d kdcfjifs

`d ebs dgprdsbs y `dsbrrfeebr dstrbtdcibs `d
jrdjigidktf.

• Dxpeijbr de rfe `de gbrhdkc dk eb pebkdbjiúk

dstrbtécijb y su aukjifkbgidktf jfk efs sfjifs
pbrb jrdbr y dktrdcbr vbefr be jeidktd.

?-?
 

^brb`b `d `dsjbksf<
^rdsdktbjiúk `d jfkjdptfs
• @dsjrioir efs dedgdktfs `d ukb dstrbtdcib y ukb
gdzjeb `d gbrhdkc fridktb`b mbjib efs jeidktds,
y ebs audrzbs qud ikuydk dk deebs.
• Mbjdr ukb eistb `d ebs aukjifkds `d cdsúk `d
gbrhdkc, ikjeuydk`f efs dedgdktfs `de pebk `d
gbrhdkc, y bkbeizbr eb igpfrtbkjib `d gd`ir y
b`gikistrbr de rdk`igidktf `d eb ikvdrsiúk `d
gbrhdkc.

?-:
 

^rigdrb pbrb`b< Gj@fkbe`'s<

Gj@fkbe`'s< Tkb
dstrbtdcib jdktrb`b dk de jeidktd< de ―^ebk
pbrb Cbkbr‗
• ^ér`i`b `d i`dk`b`
 Ebrâpi`b dxpbksiúk prfvfjb qud Gj@fkbe`'s pidr`b de
dkafqud dk de prf`ujtf.
 Zd dkardktb b jrçjbs pfr su jbei`b` kutrijifkbe y
dstâk`brds `d sdrvijif.

• De cirf
 @d sdr ―de gdlfr rdstburbktd `d sdrvijif râpi`f `de guk`f‗
b ―de eucbr y eb afrgb `d jfgdr abvfritfs `d kudstrfs
jeidktds‗.
 Bugdktf dk de prdjif `d ebs bjjifkds, `d ebs vdktbs y ebs
uei`b`ds.
?-0
 

?-4
 ? 4
 

Aicurb ?.2. ^bsfs dk eb pebkdbjiúk

dstrbtécijb
 ? 1
 
 ? 3
 

@djebrbjiúk `d gisiúk
^rdcuktbs qud eb `djebrbjiúk `d gisiúk `dod
rdspfk`dr<
• ¶Juâe ds kudstrf kdcfjif6
• ¶Ruiék ds de jeidktd6
• ¶Rué vbefrbk efs jeidktds6
•
¶Juâe `dodrçb sdr kudstrf kdcfjif6
Ebs `djebrbjifkds `d gisiúk `dodrçbk dstbr
fridktb`bs be gdrjb`f, kf fridktb`bs be prf`ujtf.
 ?-=
 

^brb rddxifkbr
Dvbeüd eb sicuidktd `djebrbjiúk pbrb ukb bcdkjib `d
oidkds rbçjds `d gisiúk ardktd b efs jritdrifs rdjiék
bkbeizb`fs<

"Qdk`dgfs jbsbs y prfpid`b`ds jfgdrjibeds‗.

Qudevb b dsjrioir eb `djebrbjiúk `d gisiúk.

 ?-9
 

Ailbjiúk `d foldvfs
y gdtbs `d eb dgprdsb
• Eb gisiúk `d eb dgprdsb
`dod trb`ujirsd dk uk
jfkluktf `d foldvfs `d
bpfyf pbrb jb`b kivde
cdrdkjibe.
• @dodk `dsbrrfeebrsd
dstrbtdcibs y prfcrbgbs Mdikz bcrupb su `ivdrsb jbrtdrb `d
`d gbrhdkc pbrb bpfybr prf`ujtfs oblf dstb gisiúk< ―Jfgf de
eç`dr `d jfkbkzb dk kutrijiúk y
dstfs foldvfs. oidkdstbr, Mdikz —eb fricikbe dgprdsb `d
eb jfgi`b purb— sd `d`ijb b eb sbeu`
sfstdkioed `d ebs pdrsfkbs, `de pebkdtb y
`d kudstrb dgprdsb‗.
 ? - 2>
 
 ? - 22
 

@isdòf `d eb jbrtdrb `d kdcfjifs

Eb dgprdsb `dod<
• Bkbeizbr su bjtube jbrtdrb `d kdcfjifs f uki`b`ds
dstrbtécijbs `d kdcfjifs (ZOT) y `dji`ir juâeds
ZOT `dodk rdjioir gâs, gdkfs f kikcukb
ikvdrsiúk.
• @dsbrrfeebr dstrbtdcibs `d jrdjigidktf f rd`ujjiúk
qud `dk afrgb b eb auturb jbrtdrb `d kdcfjifs.
 ? - 2?
 

Gbrhdkc dk bjjiúk

Eb jbrtdrb `d kdcfjifs
`d DZ^K ikjeuyd<

• Pdedvisiúk.
• _b`if.
• @icitbe.

• ^uoeijbjifkds.
• Cdsúk `d dvdktfs.
 ? - 2:
 
 ? - 20
 

Bkâeisis `d jbrtdrb
• ^rfpúsitf `de bkâeisis `d jbrtdrb<
jbrtdrb<
^brb `iricir rdjursfs mbjib kdcfjifs gâs rdktboeds
gidktrbs sd vbk deigikbk`f pbuebkbgdktd f sd
bobk`fkbk efs gâs `éoieds.
• @igdksifkds `d dvbeubjiúk<

Btrbjvf `de gdrjb`f f sdjtfr `d eb ZOT.
Afrtbedzb `d eb pfsijiúk `d eb ZOT dk dsd gdrjb`f
f ik`ustrib.
 ? - 24
 

Aicurb ?.?. Eb gbtriz OJC `d

jrdjigidktf pbrjipbjiúk
 ? - 21
 

Gbtriz OJC `d jrdjigidktf

pbrjipbjiúk
• Dstrbtdcibs pbrb ebs jbtdcfrçbs `d eb gbtriz
OJC<
Ebs dstrdeebs rdquidrdk audrtds ikvdrsifkds pbrb
kbkjibr su râpi`f jrdjigidktf.
Ebs vbjbs edjmdrbs rdquidrdk gdkfs ikvdrsiúk pbrb
gbktdkdr su pbrjipbjiúk `d gdrjb`f.

Efs sickfs
`ikdrf pbrb`dgbktdkdr
iktdrrfcbjiúk rdquidrdk gujmf
su pbrjipbjiúk y buk gâs
pbrb ikjrdgdktbreb.
Efs pdrrfs kf prfgdtdk sdr crbk`ds éxitfs

gfkdtbrifs.
 ? - 23
 

Aicurb ?.:. Gbtriz `d dxpbksiúk

`d prf`ujtf/gdrjb`f
 ? - 2=
 
 ? - 29
 
 ? - ?>
 

@dsbrrfeef `d dstrbtdcibs
pbrb jrdjigidktf

• Tk`dr Brgfur mb
jrdji`f b ukb tbsb
vdrcikfsb jfk su
dstrbtdcib `d

jrdjigidktf
gueabjéjf.
 ? - ?2
 

_d`ujjiúk `d tbgbòf
• _d`ujir de tbgbòf `d eb jbrtdrb `d kdcfjifs be
deigikbr prf`ujtfs f uki`b`ds `d kdcfjif qud kf
sfk rdktboeds f qud yb kf sd blustbk b eb
dstrbtdcib cdkdrbe `d eb dgprdsb.
• _bzfkds pbrb rd`ujir de tbgbòf<

_âpi`f jrdjigidktf `d eb dgprdsb.
Abetb `d dxpdridkjib dk uk gdrjb`f.

Jbgoif dk de dktfrkf `d gdrjb`f.


@djeivd `d uk prf`ujtf `dtdrgikb`f.
 ? - ??
 

^ebkdbjiúk `d gbrhdkc
gbrhdkc
De gbrhdkc `dsdgpdòb uk rfe auk`bgdktbe dk eb
pebkdbjiúk dstrbtécijb<

• dstrbtdcib
Be prfpfrjifkbr ukb efsfb rdjtfr
`d eb dgprdsb. rdjtfrb
b pbrb eb
• Be mbjdr bpfrtbjifkds b quidkds mbjdk eb
pebkdbjiúk dstrbtécijb.
• Be `isdòbr dstrbtdcibs pbrb eedcbr b efs foldvfs `d
eb uki`b` `d kdcfjifs ik`ivi`ube.
 ? - ?:
 

Jrdbr vbefr `de jeidktd

Efs gdrjb`úefcfs `dodk prbjjbr eb cdsúk `d
rdebjifkdss jfk sfjifs.
rdebjifkd

• @dodk
dgprdsbtrboblbr `d jdrjb
pbrb afrgbr ukbjfk sfjifs`d`dktrf`d
jb`dkb eb
vbefr iktdrkb
djbz.
• @dodk bsfjibrsd `d gbkdrb djbz jfk ftrbs
dgprdsbs dk de sistdgb `d gbrhdkc pbrb afrgbr
ukb rd` `d dktrdcb `d vbefr dxtdrkb y supdrifr.
 ? - ?0
 
 ? - ?4
 

Bsfjibrsd jfk ftrfs

`dpbrtbgdktfs `d eb dgprdsb

Eb jbpbji`b` `d Sbegbrt

pbrb byu`br b qud sd jugpeb

de edgb
edg b ――Bmfrrbs
Bmfrrbs `i
`ikdrf.
kdrf.
Qivds gdlfr‗ `dpdk`d `d ebs
jfktrioujifkds `d su jb`dkb
`d vbefr (de pdrsfkbe `d
tf`fs efs `dpbrtbgdktfs `d
eb dgprdsb).
 ? - ?1
 
 ? - ?3
 
 ? - ?=
 

Aicurb ?.0. Cdsúk `d dstrbtdcibs `d

gbrhdkc y `d eb gdzjeb `d gbrhdkc
 ? - ?9
 

.
 ? - :>
 
 ? - :2
 

 
 ? - :?
 

@iadrdkjibjiúk y pfsijifkbgidktf

`d gdrjb`f
• Ourt’s Odds fardjd
―^rf`ujtfs `d jui`b`f
pdrsfkbe kbturbeds y
bgicboeds jfk eb Pidrrb
pbrb de Oidk Gbyfr‗, ukb
`djebrbjiúk
dkcbòfsbgdktds
sdkjieeb qud afrgb eb
jfeugkb vdrtdorbe `d su

dstrbtdcib `d gbrhdkc.
 ? - ::
 

Gbrhdkc dk bjjiúk

• Eb dstrbtdcib `d
Beedcibkt `d ―ir b `fk`d
efs `dgâs kf ef mbjdk‗ 
sd jdktrb dk btdk`dr efs
kijmfs `dsjui`b`fs pfr

efs jfgpd`frds
jfgpd`frds..
• Zd dkafjb dk efs jeidktds
qud `d ftrb gbkdrb kf

vfebrçbk.
 ? - :0
 

.
 ? - :4
 

Aicurb ?.4. Ebs jubtrf ^s `d eb gdzjeb

`d gbrh
gbrhdkc
dkc
 ? - :1
 

Ebs 0 ^s y ebs 0 Js `d
 eb gdzjeb `d gbrhdkc
0 ^s. 0 Js.
Qistb `de vdk`d`fr< Qistb `de vdk`d`fr<
^rf`ujtf. Zfeujiúk pbrb de
^rdjif. jeidktd.
^ebzb. Jfstf pbrb de jeidktd.
^rfgfjiúk. Jfkvdkidkjib.
Jfgukijbjiúk.
 ? - :3
 

Aicurb ?.1. @irdjjiúk `d gbrh

gbrhdkc<
dkc< bkâeisis,
pebkdbjiúk, igpedgdktbjiúk y jfktr
jfktrfe
fe
 ? - :=
 

Aicurb ?.3. Bkâeisis AF@B

 ? - :9
 

Jfktdki`f `d uk pebk `d gbrhdkc

• _dsugdk dldjuvf.
• Zitubjiúk bjtube `d gbrhdkc.

• Bkâeisis `d bgdkbzbs y fpfrtuki`b`d

f pfrtuki`b`ds.
s.
• Foldvfs y judsfkds.
• Dstrbtdcib `d gbrhdkc.
• ^rfcrbgbs `d bjjiúk.
• ^rdsupudstfs.
• Jfktrfeds.
 ? - 0>
 

^brb rddxifkbr
• Efs abjtfrds dxtdrkfs ‚ikjeuydk`f ebs
tdk`dkjibs `drivb`bs `de dktfrkf djfkúgijf,
djfkúgijf,

tdjkfeúcijf, sfjibe, edcbe-pfeçjf

tdjkfeúcijf, edcbe-pfeçjf y
jfgpdvf‚
jfgpdv f‚ pf`rçbk rdprdsdktbr
rdprdsdktbr bgdkbzbs u
fpfrtuki`b`ds pbrb gujmfs kdcfjifs.

  ¶Júgf mbk igpbjtb`f efs rdjidktds

rdjidktds jbgoifs
tdjkfeúcijfs be gbrhdkc `d `ivdrsfs oidkds y
sdrvijifs6
 ? - 02
 
 ? - 0?
 

Frcbkizbjiúk `d efs `dpbrtbgdktfs

Frcbkizbjiúk
Frc
`d gb
gbrh
bkizbjiúk aukjifkbe<
rhdkc
dkc
• Jb`b bjvi`b` `d gbrhdkc dstâ dkjbodzb`b pfr

uk dspdjibeistb aukjifkbe.
Frcbkizbjiúk cdfcrâjb<
• Zu pdrsfkbe `d vdktbs y gbrhdkc dstâ bsickb`f b

pbçsds, rdcifkds y `istritfs dspdjçjfs.

 ? - 0:
 

Frcbkizbjiúk `de `dpbrtbgdktf

`d gbrh
gbrhdkc
dkc
Frcbkizbjiúk `d cdrdkjib `d prf`ujtfs
• Tkb sfeb pdrsfkb dkd eb rdspfksboiei`b` `d ukb
dstrbtdcib y uk prfcrbgb `d gbrhdkc jfgpedtf pbrb uk
prf`ujtf dspdjçjf.
Frcbkizbjiúk `d cdrdkjib `d jeidktds f `d gdrjb`f
• Efs cdrdktds sfk rdspfksboeds `d gdrjb`fs f pfs `d

jeidktds (p. dl., jfgprb`frds cuodrkbgdktbeds).

Frcbkizbjiúk jfgoikb`b
• Teizb becukb jfgoikbjiúk `d efs jubtrf dkafquds
bktdrifrds.
 ? - 00
 
 ? - 04
 

Jfktrfe `d gbrhdkc
 ? - 01
 

_dk`igidktf sford eb ikv

ikvdrsiúk
drsiúk

`d gb
gbrhrhdkc
dkc
• _dk`igidktf kdtf `d ukb ikvdrsiúk `d
gbrhdkc (_FI `d gbrhdkc) `ivi`i`b dktrd

efs jfstfs `d eb ikvdrsiúk `d gbrhdkc.

• De _FI `d gbrhdkc sd gi`d ueizbk`f<
Gd`i`bs dstâk`br `de `dsdgpdòf `de gbrhdkc
• Jfkjidkjib `d gbrjb, vdktbs f pbrjipbjiúk `d
gdrjb`f.
Gd`i`bs jdktrb`bs dk de jeidktd
•
B`quisijiúk
pfr vi`b `de `d jeidktds,
jeidktd rdtdkjiúk
y vbefr `d jeidktds.
jbpitbe `d jeidktds, vbefr `d
 ? - 03
 

Aicurb ?.=. _dk`igidktf sford eb

ikvdrsiúk
ikvdr siúk `d gbrhdkc
 ? - 0=
 

^brb`b `d `dsjbksf<
_dvisiúk `d jfkjdptfs

• Dxpeijbr eb pebkdbjiúk dstrbtécijb

dstrbtécijb `d tf`b eb
dgprdsb y sus jubtrf pbsfs.
• Bkbeizbr júgf sd `isdòbk ebs jbrtdrbs
jbrtdrbs `d
kdcfjifs `d ebs dgprdsbs y `dsbrrfeebr
dstrbtdcibs `d jrdjigidktf.
• Dxpeijbr de rfe `de gbrhdkc
gbrhdkc dk eb pebkdbjiúk
dstrbtécijb
dstrbtécijb y su aukjifkbgidktf jfk efs sfjifs

pbrb jrdbr y dktrdcbr vbefr be jeidktd.

 ? - 09
 

^brb`b `d `dsjbksf<
_dvisiúk `d jfkjdptfs

• @dsjrioir efs dedgdktfs `d ukb dstrbtdcib

dstrbtdcib y
ukb gdzjeb `d gbrhdkc fridktb`b mbjib efs
jeidktds, y ebs audrzbs qud ikuydk dk deebs.
• Mbjdr ukb eistb `d ebs aukjifkds `d cdsúk `d
gbrhdkc,
gbrh dkc, ikjeuydk`f efs dedgdktfs `de pebk
`d gbrhdkc, y bkbeizbr eb igpfrtbkjib `d
gd`ir y b`gikistrbr de rdk`igidktf `d eb
ikvdrsiúk `d gbrhdkc.