Science 10

Reviewer
(2nd Quarter)

Made by: Kyleene Bading Batumbakal Oxford Montefalco

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𝗗𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗘𝗠 𝗪𝗮𝘃𝗲𝘀:
• Radio Waves - an electromagnetic wave of a frequency between about 104 and 1011 or 1012 Hz, as used for long-distance
communication.

• Microwaves - an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength in the range 0.001–0.3 m, shorter than that of a normal radio wave
but longer than those of infrared radiation. Microwaves are used in radar, in communications, and for heating in microwave
ovens and in various industrial processes.

• Infrared - having a wavelength just greater than that of the red end of the visible light spectrum but less than that of
microwaves. Infrared radiation has a wavelength from about 800 nm to 1 mm, and is emitted particularly by heated objects.

• Visible Light - Light or "visible light" refers to the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum – that is, the range of
wavelengths that trigger brightness and colour perception in humans. It lies between UV and infrared radiation. It has 400 nm to
700 nm and a frequency range of around 400 THz to 800 THz.

• Ultraviolet Rays - Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a form of non-ionizing radiation that is emitted by the sun and artificial sources,
such as tanning beds. While it has some benefits for people, including the creation of Vitamin D, it also can cause health risks.
Our natural source of UV radiation: The sun.

• X-rays - X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, similar to visible light. Unlike light, however, x-rays have higher energy
and can pass through most objects, including the body. Medical x-rays are used to generate images of tissues and structures
inside the body.

• Gamma Rays - Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation that results from a redistribution of electric charge within a
nucleus. Gamma rays are used in medicine (radiotherapy), industry (sterilization and disinfection) and the nuclear industry.

𝖠𝖽𝖽𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝖨𝗇𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇:
A Radio Wave is the longest wavelength among all the EM Waves (Longer— left, Shorter— right). The EM Waves' colour starts
from Red (Radio Waves) and ends with Violet (Gamma Rays)

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𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝗠 𝗪𝗮𝘃𝗲𝘀:
Electromagnetic waves have a vast range of practical everyday applications that includes such diverse uses as communication
by cell phone and radio broadcasting, WiFi, cooking, vision, medical imaging, and treating cancer.

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𝗘𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝗠 𝗪𝗮𝘃𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝗟𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁:

EM Waves produce radio waves, which makes us able to communicate with people and send and receive
information altogether. It is also used in medical fields (X-Rays, Gammad Rays) like in MRI machines to scan your
body and examine it which makes them aware of any current medical issue you have internally. There is also an EM
Wave called Visible Light which makes us see light- or everything in general.
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𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗶𝘀𝗺:
In the home, by far the most common use of electromagnets is in electric motors. Think of all of those bits of
electrical equipment with some kind of electric motor: vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines, tumble
driers, food blenders, fan ovens, microwaves, dish-washers, hair driers.
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𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗶𝘀𝗺:
Electricity is basically the presence and motion of charged particles. On the other hand, magnetism refers to the force which the
magnets exert when they attract or repel each other. Thus, we see how different they are from each other. Moving magnetic
fields pull and push electrons. Metals such as copper and aluminum have electrons that are loosely held. Moving a magnet
around a coil of wire, or moving a coil of wire around a magnet, pushes the electrons in the wire and creates an electrical current.

Examples:

Electric motors use the electromagnetic force between a magnet and a current carrying coil to produce movement. Electric
generators use the electromagnetic force between a magnet and a moving coil to generate electrical energy.

Additional Info:

The major difference between Motor and Generator is that a motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, whereas
the generator does the exact opposite. The motor uses electricity whereas the generator produces electricity.

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𝗠𝗶𝗿𝗿𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗻𝘀:

The core differences between the mirror and lens would be due to their construction and working. The mirror is the apparatus
which reflects the light falling on them. Whereas, lenses are the ones that manipulate light. The mirror is having one side of
reflective coating. Lenses are classified into various types: simple lenses and compound lenses, and depending on the type of
refraction image formed by lenses: concave and convex lenses

A concave mirror is a spherical mirror with an inwardly curved reflection surface, whereas a convex mirror is a spherical mirror
with an outwardly bulged reflecting surface.

Examples:

Convex Lens: Magnifying Glass, Microscope

Concave Lens: Spy hole, Flashlights

There are two types of curved mirror (convex and concave). A mirror that bulges outwards is called a convex mirror. Convex
mirrors show things the right way up and usually smaller. A mirror that bulges inwards is called a concave mirror.

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Qualitative Characteristics of Mirror and Lens:
The main difference between a convex and concave mirror lies in the image formed by the two mirrors, i.e. while convex mirror
forms diminished image, the concave mirror either forms an enlarged image or a diminished one, depending upon the position of
the object. A plane mirror, as we investigated earlier, produces an image that is always the same size as the object. Convex
(diverging) mirrors, on the other hand, always produce an image that is smaller than the object.