• It is a method of producing a three‐

di
dimensional
i l object
bj t from
f a two‐dimensional
t di i l
object that shows three main faces.
Pictorial Drawing

Axonometric Projection
Types of pictorial projection
Type of axonometric drawing
There are three main types of pictorial projection a
Axonometric axis
Axonometric projection
Axonometric projection 1 Isometric
1. All angles are equal
equal.
b c
Oblique projection
Perspective projection
B
a Axonometric axis
A
2. Dimetric b c Two angles are equal.
D

a Axonometric axis
3. Trimetric b c None of angles are
equal.

1
Example 1 : Object has only normal surfaces Example 2 : Object has inclined surfaces

Top
H
Bottom View Regular

D
Front
Side Nonisometric line

y
W
D
Front View

H
Side View
H

y
x
W D
x Front View
Side W
Front
Top View Reverse

Bottom

Example 3 : Object has inclined surfaces Example 4

Regular

B
C B A x

x x C D
B Front View
A F E
C A
y

x
y Reverse

y C
C
B A E
B D F
Nonisometric line
A

2
Examples 

3
4
 Circle & Arc in Isometric
In isometric drawing, a circle appears as an ellipse.

Sketching Steps
1. Locate the center of an ellipse.

2. Construct an isometric square.

3. Sketch arcs that connect the
tangent points.

Example 5
Circle & Arc in Isometric
Four-center method is usually used when drawn an
isometric ellipse with drawing instrument.

Sketching Steps
1. Locate the center of an ellipse.
2. Construct an isometric square.
3. Construct a perpendicular
bisector from each tangent point
point.

4. Locate the four centers.

5. Draw the arcs with these centers
and tangent to isometric square.

5
 Irregular Curve in Isometric Oblique Projection
Oblique drawing angle
Steps
1 Construct points along the
1.
curve in multiview drawing. 45o
60o
30o
2. Locate these points in the
isometric view.
A B
3 Sketch the connecting lines
3. lines. One of the p
principal
p plane
p is parallel
p to
D
the plane of projection (observer)
C

• The main advantage of oblique projection  Object Orientation Guidelines

over isometric is that any complicated faces 
which may be curved, irregular, or have a 
numbers of holes can be drawn as its true
numbers of holes can be drawn as its true 
shape using instruments
GOOD GOOD

WORSE WORSE

6
Object Orientation Guidelines Sketch from actual object

Which orientation is better ?

ESTIMATE DEPTH
ESTIMATE LINES

45

Sketch from multiview drawing Sketch from multiview drawing

7
Sketch from multiview drawing Sketch from multiview drawing

E E
D D

C C

B B
A A

Sketch from multiview drawing Sketch from multiview drawing

E E
D D

C C

B B
A A