Binds to thiol groups in proteins;

ionized ____ excreted in urine

a. arsenic
b. lead
All drugs absorbed from the GI
c. mercury
tract must go through the
d. none of the above
liver before entering the general
is the amount of drug that is
circulation 
absorbed into the system and is a. arsenic
a. zero pass metabolism
available for distribution.     
b. first pass metabolism
arsenic - Binds to thiol groups in
c. pass metabolism
bioavailability proteins; ionized arsenic excreted in
d. all of the above
urine
lead -  binds to proteins and it
b. first pass metabolism
inhibits many enzymes; it also
inhibits heme synthesis
mercury -  Binds to proteins and
inhibits many enzymes

Cardiac glycoside used to treat

congestive heart failure
a. digoxine
b. lidocaine
c. quinidine
d. procainamide

a. digoxine
Most drugs are absorbed from
the ____  in a consistent manner in
digoxine - Cardiac
healthy individuals 
glycoside used to treat Drug concentration that
a. blood stream
congestive heart failure produces benefits
b. GI tract
lidocaine - Antiarrhythmic
c. intestetines
drug used to treat ventricular therapeutic range
d. stomach
arrhythmia and prevent
ventricular fibrillation
b. GI tract
quinidine - (blood
dyscrasia) Antiarrhythmic
drug used to treat cardiac
arrhythmia
procandamie - (lupus like
syndrome) Antiarrhythmic
drug used to treat cardiac
arrhythmia

primarily bind to albumin.

a. acidic drugs
b. basic drugs
c. free drugs
d. most drugs
entails the analysis,
a. acidic drugs
interpretation, and evaluation
 The study of poisonous substances 
of drug concentration in serum,
acidic drugs - primarily bind to
plasma, or whole blood samples. 
toxicology albumin.
basic drugs - primarily bind to co-
therapeutic drug monitoring
acid glycoprotein (AAG).
free drugs - interact with target
sites and produce a response
most drugs - this drug circulates
in the blood bound to plasma
proteins

Antiarrhythmic drug used to
treat cardiac arrhythmia
a. digoxine
b. lidocaine
c. quinidine
d. procainamide
digoxine - Cardiac
glycoside used to treat
congestive heart failure
lidocaine - Antiarrhythmic
drug used to treat ventricular
arrhythmia and prevent
ventricular fibrillation
quinidine - (blood
dyscrasia) Antiarrhythmic
drug used to treat cardiac
arrhythmia
procandamie - (lupus like
syndrome) Antiarrhythmic
drug used to treat cardiac
arrhythmia
Antiarrhythmic drug used to
treat ventricular arrhythmia
and prevent ventricular
fibrillation
a. digoxine
b. lidocaine
c. quinidine
d. procainamide
b. lidocaine
digoxine - Cardiac
glycoside used to treat
congestive heart failure
lidocaine - Antiarrhythmic
drug used to treat ventricular
arrhythmia and prevent
ventricular fibrillation
quinidine - (blood
dyscrasia) Antiarrhythmic
drug used to treat cardiac
arrhythmia
procandamie - (lupus like
syndrome) Antiarrhythmic
drug used to treat cardiac
arrhythmia
Beriberi
a. Vit A
b. Vit D
c. Vit E
d. Vit K
e. Vit C
f. Vit B1
g. Vit B2
h. Vit Bj2
i. Niancin
j. Biotin
f. Vit B1
Vitamin A deficiency: Drying,
degeneration, and increased risk of
infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin,
and mucous membranes; night
blindness
Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets,
osteomalacia, osteoporosis
Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic
disease of premature neonates
Vitamin K
deficiency: Hemorrhage
Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy,
necrosis of gums, emotional
disturbances
Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi
Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis,
angular stomatitis, glossitis,
seborrheic dermatitis, ocular
disturbances
Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema,
seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis,
glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental
depression, anemia
Vitamin Bj2
deficiency: Hematologic effects,
including macrocytic anemia, and
neurologic effects, including
peripheral nerve degeneration
Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 .
Pantothenic acid deficiency:
Metabolism affected; causes nausea,
vomiting, muscular weakness,
malaise
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous,
ophthalmic, and neurologic
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
glossitis, nausea,
hepatosplenomegaly,
hyperpigmentation of skin 
 Cheilosis, angular stomatitis,
glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis,
ocular disturbances
a. Vit A
b. Vit D
c. Vit E
d. Vit K
e. Vit C
f. Vit B1
g. Vit B2
h. Vit Bj2
i. Niancin
j. Biotin

g. Vit B2
Chronic exposure is associated with
Vitamin A deficiency: Drying, toxic hepatitis and cirrhosis. 
degeneration, and increased risk of a. ethanol
infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin, b. methanol
and mucous membranes; night c. isopropanol
Binds to proteins and inhibits many
blindness d. ethylene glycol
enzymes
Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets,
a. arsenic
osteomalacia, osteoporosis a. ethanol
b. lead
Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic
c. mercury
disease of premature neonates ethanol - Chronic exposure is
d. none of the above
Vitamin K associated with toxic hepatitis and
deficiency: Hemorrhage cirrhosis. 
c. mercury
Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy, methanol - Ingestion is related to
necrosis of gums, emotional severe acidosis, blindness, and
arsenic - Binds to thiol groups in
disturbances even death due to methanol
proteins; ionized arsenic excreted in
Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi conversion to formaldehyde, which is
urine
Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis, metabolized to formic acid. 
lead -  binds to proteins and it
angular stomatitis, glossitis, isopropanol - ingestion produces
inhibits many enzymes; it also
seborrheic dermatitis, ocular severe, acute symptoms, similar to
inhibits heme synthesis
disturbances ethanol intoxication, that persist
mercury -  Binds to proteins and
Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema, for a long period of time because
inhibits many enzymes
seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis, isopropanol is metabolized to
glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental acetone, which has a long half-life. 
depression, anemia ethylene glycol -  Ingestion
Vitamin Bj2 produces severe metabolic acidosis
deficiency: Hematologic effects, and renal tubular damage. 
including macrocytic anemia, and
neurologic effects, including
peripheral nerve degeneration
Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 .
Pantothenic acid deficiency:
Metabolism affected; causes nausea,
vomiting, muscular weakness,
malaise
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous,
ophthalmic, and neurologic
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
glossitis, nausea,
hepatosplenomegaly,
hyperpigmentation of skin 
Drying, degeneration, and increased
risk of infection in conjunctiva,
cornea, skin, and mucous
membranes; night blindness
a. Vit A
b. Vit D
c. Vit E
d. Vit K
e. Vit C
f. Vit B1
g. Vit B2
h. Vit Bj2
i. Niancin
j. Biotin
a. Vit A
Vitamin A deficiency: Drying,
degeneration, and increased risk of
infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin,
and mucous membranes; night
blindness
Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets,
osteomalacia, osteoporosis
Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic
disease of premature neonates
Vitamin K
deficiency: Hemorrhage
Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy,
necrosis of gums, emotional
disturbances
Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi
Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis,
angular stomatitis, glossitis,
seborrheic dermatitis, ocular
disturbances
Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema,
seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis,
glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental
depression, anemia
Vitamin Bj2 deficiency:
Hematologic effects, including
macrocytic anemia, and neurologic
effects, including peripheral nerve
degeneration
Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 .
Pantothenic acid deficiency:
Metabolism affected; causes nausea,
vomiting, muscular weakness,
malaise
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous,
ophthalmic, and neurologic
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
glossitis, nausea,
hepatosplenomegaly,
hyperpigmentation of skin 
First-order kinetic
Zero-order kinetics 
Hallucinogenic, provide a
Michaelis-Menten kinetics 
feeling of mental well-being and
euphoria, impair mental
-------- MATCH ----------
function and short-term
memory
●rate of change of concentration of a
a. amphetamine and
drug is dependent on the drug
metamphetamine
concentration
b. anaolic steroids
●rate of change of concentration of a
c. cannabunoids
drug that is independent of the
d. cocaine
concentration of the drug
e. opiates
●if a drug concentration in a system
f. phenycyclidine
exceeds the capacity of the system,
g. tranquilizers
the rate of change of concentration
proceeds according to
c. cannabunoids
First-order kinetics describe
amphetamine and
absorption, distribution, and
metamphetamine - Used to treat
elimination of drugs. This means that
narcolepsy and disorders that
the rate of change of
affect ability to focus; stimulants,
concentration of a drug is
provide sense of mental and physical
dependent on the drug
well-being 
concentration.  It is represented by
anaolic steroids -  Used to
the first phase of the dose-response
increase muscle mass and
curve.
athletic performance
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
Zero-order kinetics describe the
provide a feeling of mental well-
rate of change of concentration
being and euphoria, impair
of a drug that is independent of
mental function and short-term
the concentration of the drug.
memory
That is, a constant amount of drug is
cocaine -  Used as a local
eliminated per unit of time. This
anesthetic and at higher levels
typically depends on the ability of the
functions as a CNS stimulant
liver to metabolize the drug. This is
opiates - Narcotics used for
illustrated by the second phase of the
their analgesic, sedative, and
curve.
anesthetic properties
phenycyclidine
Michaelis-Menten kinetics state
- Produces stimulant, depressant,
that if a drug concentration in a
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
system exceeds the capacity of
tranquilizers -  Sedative
the system, the rate of change of
hypnotics that produce depression
concentration proceeds
of the CNS  
according to the Michaelis-
Menten equation.
 Hemolytic disease of premature
neonates Hemorrhage
a. Vit A a. Vit A
b. Vit D b. Vit D
c. Vit E c. Vit E
d. Vit K d. Vit K
e. Vit C e. Vit C
f. Vit B1 f. Vit B1
g. Vit B2 g. Vit B2
h. Vit Bj2 h. Vit Bj2
i. Niancin i. Niancin
j. Biotin j. Biotin

c. Vit E d. Vit K Ingestion is related to severe

Vitamin A deficiency: Drying,
degeneration, and increased risk of
infection in conjunctiva, cornea,
skin, and mucous membranes; night
blindness
Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets,
osteomalacia, osteoporosis
Vitamin E
deficiency: Hemolytic disease of
premature neonates
Vitamin K
deficiency: Hemorrhage
Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy,
necrosis of gums, emotional
disturbances
Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi
Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis,
angular stomatitis, glossitis,
seborrheic dermatitis, ocular
disturbances
Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema,
seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis,
glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental
depression, anemia
Vitamin Bj2
deficiency: Hematologic effects,
including macrocytic anemia, and
neurologic effects, including
peripheral nerve degeneration
Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 .
Pantothenic acid deficiency:
Metabolism affected; causes nausea,
vomiting, muscular weakness,
malaise
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous,
ophthalmic, and neurologic
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
glossitis, nausea,
hepatosplenomegaly,
hyperpigmentation of skin 
Vitamin A deficiency: Drying,
degeneration, and increased risk of
infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin,
and mucous membranes; night
blindness
Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets,
osteomalacia, osteoporosis
Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic
disease of premature neonates
Vitamin K
deficiency: Hemorrhage
Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy,
necrosis of gums, emotional
disturbances
Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi
Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis,
angular stomatitis, glossitis,
seborrheic dermatitis, ocular
disturbances
Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema,
seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis,
glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental
depression, anemia
Vitamin Bj2
deficiency: Hematologic effects,
including macrocytic anemia, and
neurologic effects, including
peripheral nerve degeneration
Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 .
Pantothenic acid deficiency:
Metabolism affected; causes nausea,
vomiting, muscular weakness,
malaise
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous,
ophthalmic, and neurologic
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
glossitis, nausea,
hepatosplenomegaly,
hyperpigmentation of skin 
acidosis, blindness, and even death
due to methanol conversion to
formaldehyde, which is metabolized
to formic acid. 
a. ehtanol
b. methanol
c. isopropanol
d. ethylene glycol
b. methanol
ehtanol - Chronic exposure is
associated with toxic hepatitis and
cirrhosis. 
methanol - Ingestion is related to
severe acidosis, blindness, and even
death due to methanol conversion to
formaldehyde, which is metabolized
to formic acid. 
isopropanol - ngestion produces
severe, acute symptoms, similar to
ethanol intoxication, that persist for
a long period of time because
isopropanol is metabolized to
acetone, which has a long half-life. 
ethylene glycol -  Ingestion
produces severe metabolic acidosis
and renal tubular damage. 
Ingestion produces severe metabolic
acidosis and renal tubular damage.  Absorption
a. ehtanol
b. methanol
c. isopropanol
d. ethylene glycol
d. ethylene glycol
ethanol - Chronic exposure is
associated with toxic hepatitis and
cirrhosis.  followed by the process of the
methanol - Ingestion is related to
severe acidosis, blindness, and even
death due to methanol conversion to
formaldehyde, which is metabolized
to formic acid.  or they can migrate into various
isopropanol - ingestion produces
severe, acute symptoms, similar to
ethanol intoxication, that persist for
a long period of time because
isopropanol is metabolized to
acetone, which has a long half-life.  sweat, expired air, and saliva.  cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
ethylene glycol -  Ingestion
produces severe metabolic acidosis
and renal tubular damage.  its metabolite(s). Metabolites are
Liberation  Narcotics used for their
analgesic, sedative, and anesthetic
Elimination properties
Metabolism  a. amphetamine and
Drug molecules metamphetamine
b. anaolic steroids
-----------MATCH------------- c. cannabunoids
d. cocaine
●is the process by which the drug e. opiates
molecule is taken up into f. phenycyclidine
systemic circulation.  g. tranquilizers
●is the release of this ingredient,
e. opiates
drug passing into solution.
●can be confined to the blood, amphetamine and
leave the bloodstream, and metamphetamine - Used to treat
enter the extravascular space, narcolepsy and disorders that
affect ability to focus; stimulants,
tissues provide sense of mental and physical
●is the process of excretion of the well-being 
drug from the body. Drugs are anaolic steroids -  Used to
typically excreted in the urine but increase muscle mass and
also can be eliminated in the feces, athletic performance
●is the process of transformation provide a feeling of mental well-
of the parent drug molecule to being and euphoria, impair
mental function and short-term
usually water soluble and can be memory
easily excreted. Most of the cocaine -  Used as a local
metabolism occurs in the liver, where anesthetic and at higher levels
enzymes catalyze oxidation, functions as a CNS stimulant
reduction, or hydrolysis of the drug. opiates - Narcotics used for
their analgesic, sedative, and
a. Liberation is the release of this anesthetic properties
ingredient, followed by the phenycyclidine - Produces
process of the drug passing into stimulant, depressant,
solution. anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
b. Absorption is the process by tranquilizers -  Sedative
which the drug molecule is taken hypnotics that produce depression
up into systemic circulation.  of the CNS  
c. Drug molecules can be
confined to the blood, leave the
bloodstream, and enter the
extravascular space, or they can
migrate into various tissues.
This is referred to as
distribution, a process
that typically occurs between a
period of 30 minutes and 2
hours. The bioavailability of a
drug   is the amount of drug that
is absorbed into the system and
is available for distribution.
d. Metabolism is the process
of transformation of the parent
drug molecule to its
metabolite(s). Metabolites are
usually water soluble and can be
easily excreted. Most of the
metabolism occurs in the liver, where
enzymes catalyze oxidation,
reduction, or hydrolysis of the drug.
e. Elimination is the process
of excretion of the drug from

Produces stimulant,
depressant, anesthetic, and
hallucinogenic
a. amphetamine and
metamphetamine
b. anaolic steroids
c. cannabunoids
d. cocaine
e. opiates
f. phenycyclidine
g. tranquilizers
f. phenycyclidine
amphetamine and
metamphetamine - Used to treat
narcolepsy and disorders that
affect ability to focus; stimulants,
provide sense of mental and physical
well-being  necrosis of gums, emotional
anaolic steroids -  Used to
increase muscle mass and
athletic performance
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
provide a feeling of mental well-
being and euphoria, impair
mental function and short-term
memory
cocaine -  Used as a local
anesthetic and at higher levels
functions as a CNS stimulant
opiates - Narcotics used for
their analgesic, sedative, and
anesthetic properties
phenycyclidine
- Produces stimulant, depressant,
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
tranquilizers -  Sedative
hypnotics that produce depression
of the CNS   malaise
the body. Drugs are typically
excreted in the urine but also can be
eliminated in the feces, sweat,
expired air, and saliva.     
Rickets, osteomalacia,
osteoporosis
a. Vit A
b. Vit D
c. Vit E
d. Vit K
e. Vit C
f. Vit B1
g. Vit B2
h. Vit Bj2
i. Niancin
j. Biotin
b. Vit D (affects the bones)
Vitamin A deficiency: Drying,
degeneration, and increased risk of
infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin,
and mucous membranes; night
blindness
Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets,
osteomalacia, osteoporosis
Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic
disease of premature neonates
Vitamin K
deficiency: Hemorrhage
Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy,
disturbances
Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi
Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis,
angular stomatitis, glossitis,
seborrheic dermatitis, ocular
disturbances
Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema,
seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis,
glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental
depression, anemia
Vitamin Bj2
deficiency: Hematologic effects,
including macrocytic anemia, and
neurologic effects, including
peripheral nerve degeneration
Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 .
Pantothenic acid deficiency:
Metabolism affected; causes nausea,
vomiting, muscular weakness,
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous,
ophthalmic, and neurologic
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
glossitis, nausea,
hepatosplenomegaly,
hyperpigmentation of skin  hyperpigmentation of skin
Scurvy, necrosis of gums, emotional
disturbances
a. Vit A
b. Vit D
c. Vit E
d. Vit K
e. Vit C
f. Vit B1
g. Vit B2
h. Vit Bj2
i. Niancin
j. Biotin
e. Vit C
Vitamin A deficiency: Drying,
degeneration, and increased risk of
infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin,
and mucous membranes; night
blindness
Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets,
osteomalacia, osteoporosis
Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic
disease of premature neonates
Vitamin K
deficiency: Hemorrhage
Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy,
necrosis of gums, emotional
disturbances
Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi
Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis,
angular stomatitis, glossitis,
seborrheic dermatitis, ocular
disturbances
Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema,
seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis,
glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental
depression, anemia
Vitamin Bj2
deficiency: Hematologic effects,
including macrocytic anemia, and
neurologic effects, including
peripheral nerve degeneration
Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 .
Pantothenic acid deficiency:
Metabolism affected; causes nausea,
vomiting, muscular weakness,
malaise
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous,
ophthalmic, and neurologic
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
glossitis, nausea,
hepatosplenomegaly,
 
Sedative hypnotics that produce
depression of the CNS  
a. amphetamine and
metamphetamine
b. anaolic steroids
c. cannabunoids
d. cocaine
e. opiates
f. phenycyclidine
g. tranquilizers
g. tranquilizers
amphetamine and
metamphetamine - Used to treat
narcolepsy and disorders that
affect ability to focus; stimulants,
provide sense of mental and physical
well-being  phenobarbital - Slow-acting
anaolic steroids -  Used to
increase muscle mass and
athletic performance
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
provide a feeling of mental well-
being and euphoria, impair
mental function and short-term
memory
cocaine -  Used as a local
anesthetic and at higher levels
functions as a CNS stimulant
opiates - Narcotics used for
their analgesic, sedative, and
anesthetic properties
phenycyclidine
- Produces stimulant, depressant,
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
tranquilizers -  Sedative
hypnotics that produce depression
of the CNS  
Slow-acting barbiturate used to
control seizures
a. phenobarbital
b. phenytoin
c. valproic acid
d. carbamazepine
a. phenobarbital
barbiturate used to control
seizures
phenytoin -  Used to control
seizures and to keep the brain
from swelling and injuring
tissue during brain traumas
valproic acid -  Used to control
seizures, 93% protein bound
carbamazepine - Used to control
seizures, 70 - 80% protein
bound
Supertoxic substance with exposure
occurring through various routes,
including oral ingestion, inhalation,
or transdermal absorption 
a. alcohols
b. carbon monoxide
c. cyanide
d. pesticides 
c. cyanide
alcohols - Volatile organic
substances
carbon monoxide - Toxic because
it binds very tightly to
hemoglobin and does not allow
oxygen to attach to the hemoglobin;
forms carboxyhemoglobin 
cyanide - Supertoxic substance
with exposure occurring through
various routes, including oral
ingestion, inhalation, or transdermal
absorption 
pesticides - may contaminate
food or be inhaled, absorbed
through the skin, and ingested
via hand-to-mouth contact 
 Used as a local anesthetic and at
higher levels functions as a CNS
stimulant
a. amphetamine and
metamphetamine
b. anaolic steroids
c. cannabunoids
Toxic because it binds very tightly to
d. cocaine
hemoglobin and does not allow
e. opiates
oxygen to attach to the hemoglobin;
f. phenycyclidine
forms carboxyhemoglobin 
g. tranquilizers
a. alcohols
b. carbon monoxide
d. cocaine
c. cyanide
d. pesticides  Used as an analgesic, antipyretic, and
amphetamine and
anti-inflammatory
metamphetamine - Used to treat
b. carbon monoxide a. salicylate
narcolepsy and disorders that
b. acetaminophen
affect ability to focus; stimulants,
alcohols - Volatile organic c. both
provide sense of mental and physical
substances d. none of the above
well-being 
carbon monoxide - Toxic because
anaolic steroids -  Used to
it binds very tightly to a. salicylate
increase muscle mass and
hemoglobin and does not allow
athletic performance
oxygen to attach to the hemoglobin; salicylate - Used as an analgesic,
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
forms carboxyhemoglobin  antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory
provide a feeling of mental well-
cyanide - Supertoxic substance acetaminophen - Used as an
being and euphoria, impair
with exposure occurring through analgesic
mental function and short-term
various routes, including oral
memory
ingestion, inhalation, or transdermal
cocaine -  Used as a local
absorption 
anesthetic and at higher levels
pesticides - may contaminate
functions as a CNS stimulant
food or be inhaled, absorbed
opiates - Narcotics used for
through the skin, and ingested
their analgesic, sedative, and
via hand-to-mouth contact 
anesthetic properties
phenycyclidine
- Produces stimulant, depressant,
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
tranquilizers -  Sedative
hypnotics that produce depression
of the CNS  

and injuring tissue during brain
Used as an analgesic
a. salicylate
b. acetaminophen
c. both
d. none of the above
b. acetaminophen
salicylate - Used as an analgesic,
antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory
acetaminophen - Used as an
analgesic
carbamazepine - Used to control
Used to control seizures and to
keep the brain from swelling
Used to control seizures, 70 -
80% protein bound
traumas
a. phenobarbital
b. phenytoin
a. phenobarbital
c. valproic acid
b. phenytoin
d. carbamazepine
c. valproic acid
d. carbamazepine
d. carbamazepine
b. phenytoin
phenobarbital - Slow-acting
barbiturate used to control
phenobarbital - Slow-acting
seizures
barbiturate used to control
phenytoin -  Used to control
seizures
seizures and to keep the brain
phenytoin -  Used to control
from swelling and injuring
seizures and to keep the brain
tissue during brain traumas
from swelling and injuring
valproic acid -  Used to control
tissue during brain traumas
seizures, 93% protein bound
valproic acid -  Used to control
carbamazepine - Used to control
seizures, 93% protein bound
seizures, 70 - 80% protein
bound
seizures, 70 - 80% protein
bound
 Used to increase muscle mass
and athletic performance

a. amphetamine and
metamphetamine
b. anaolic steroids
c. cannabunoids
Used to suppress transplant
d. cocaine
rejections and graft-versus-
e. opiates
host disease (potency far
f. phenycyclidine
Used to control seizures, 93% exceeds cyclosporine by a factor
g. tranquilizers
protein bound of 100)TOXICOLOGY
a. phenobarbital a. glycosporine
b. anaolic steroids
b. phenytoin b. tacrolimus
c. valproic acid c. sirolimus
amphetamine and
d. carbamazepine d. methotrexate
metamphetamine - Used to treat
narcolepsy and disorders that
c. valproic acid b. tacrolimus
affect ability to focus; stimulants,
provide sense of mental and physical
phenobarbital - Slow-acting glycosporine - Used to suppress
well-being 
barbiturate used to control transplant rejections and graft-
anaolic steroids -  Used to
seizures versus-host disease, peak levels
increase muscle mass and
phenytoin -  Used to control in 4 - 6 hours
athletic performance
seizures and to keep the brain tacrolimus - Used to suppress
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
from swelling and injuring transplant rejections and graft-
provide a feeling of mental well-
tissue during brain traumas versus-host disease (potency far
being and euphoria, impair
valproic acid -  Used to control exceeds cyclosporine by a factor
mental function and short-term
seizures, 93% protein bound of 100)TOXICOLOGY
memory
carbamazepine - Used to control sirolimus - Used to suppress
cocaine -  Used as a local
seizures, 70 - 80% protein transplant rejections and graft-
anesthetic and at higher levels
bound versus-host disease, peak levels
functions as a CNS stimulant
in 2hours
opiates - Narcotics used for
methotrexate - used to destroy
their analgesic, sedative, and
neoplastic cells.
anesthetic properties
phenycyclidine
- Produces stimulant, depressant,
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
tranquilizers -  Sedative
hypnotics that produce depression
of the CNS  
 Used to treat infections caused
by gram-negative bacteria;
include gentamicin,
Used to suppress transplant tobramycin, kanamycin, and
Used to suppress transplant
rejections and graft-versus-host amikacin
rejections and graft-versus-host
disease, peak levels in 4 - 6 a. aminoglycosides
disease, peak levels in 2hours
hours b. vancomyocin
a. glycosporine
a. glycosporine c. lithium
b. tacrolimus
b. tacrolimus d. tricyclic antidepresessants
c. sirolimus
c. sirolimus e. theophylline
d. methotrexate
d. methotrexate
a. aminoglycosides
c. sirolimus
a. glycosporine
aminoglycosides - Used to treat
glycosporine - Used to suppress
glycosporine - Used to suppress infections caused by gram-
transplant rejections and graft-
transplant rejections and graft- negative bacteria; include
versus-host disease, peak levels
versus-host disease, peak levels gentamicin, tobramycin,
in 4 - 6 hours
in 4 - 6 hours kanamycin, and
tacrolimus - Used to suppress
tacrolimus - Used to suppress amikacin. kidney, ear problem
transplant rejections and graft-
transplant rejections and graft- vancomyocin - Used to treat
versus-host disease (potency far
versus-host disease (potency far infections caused by gram-
exceeds cyclosporine by a factor
exceeds cyclosporine by a factor positive bacteria
of 100)TOXICOLOGY
of 100)TOXICOLOGY lithium -  Used to treat manic
sirolimus - Used to suppress
sirolimus - Used to suppress depression
transplant rejections and graft-
transplant rejections and graft- tricyclic antidepresessants
versus-host disease, peak levels
versus-host disease, peak levels - used in cases of depression,
in 2hours
in 2hours insomnia, extreme apathy, and
methotrexate - used to destroy
methotrexate - used to destroy loss of libido.
neoplastic cells.
neoplastic cells. theophylline - Used to treat
asthma and other chronic
obstructive pulmonary
disorders (COPD)

Used to treat infections caused
by gram-positive bacteria
a. aminoglycosides
b. vancomyocin
c. lithium
d. tricyclic antidepresessants
e. theophylline
b. vancomyocin
a(minus)(-)
aminoglycosides - Used to treat
infections caused by gram-
negative bacteria; include
gentamicin, tobramycin,
kanamycin, and
amikacin. kidney, ear problem
vancomyocin - Used to treat
infections caused by gram-
positive bacteria
lithium -  Used to treat manic
depression
tricyclic antidepresessants
- used in cases of depression,
insomnia, extreme apathy, and
loss of libido.
theophylline - Used to treat
asthma and other chronic
obstructive pulmonary
disorders (COPD)
Used to treat narcolepsy and
disorders that affect ability to
focus; stimulants, provide sense of
mental and physical well-being 
a. amphetamine and
metamphetamine
b. anaolic steroids
Used to treat manic depression
c. cannabunoids
d. cocaine
a. aminoglycosides
e. opiates
b. vancomyocin
f. phenycyclidine
c. lithium
g. tranquilizers
d. tricyclic antidepresessants
e. theophylline
a. amphetamine and
metamphetamine
c. lithium
amphetamine and
aminoglycosides - Used to treat
metamphetamine - Used to treat
infections caused by gram-
narcolepsy and disorders that
negative bacteria; include
affect ability to focus; stimulants,
gentamicin, tobramycin,
provide sense of mental and physical
kanamycin, and amikacin.
well-being 
kidney, ear problem
anaolic steroids -  Used to
vancomyocin - Used to treat
increase muscle mass and
infections caused by gram-
athletic performance
positive bacteria
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
lithium -  Used to treat manic
provide a feeling of mental well-
depression
being and euphoria, impair
tricyclic antidepresessants
mental function and short-term
- used in cases of depression,
memory
insomnia, extreme apathy, and
cocaine -  Used as a local
loss of libido.
anesthetic and at higher levels
theophylline - Used to treat
functions as a CNS stimulant
asthma and other chronic
opiates - Narcotics used for
obstructive pulmonary
their analgesic, sedative, and
disorders (COPD)
anesthetic properties
phenycyclidine
- Produces stimulant, depressant,
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
tranquilizers -  Sedative
hypnotics that produce depression
of the CNS  
 Volatile organic substances
a. alcohols
b. carbon monoxide
c. cyanide anti-epiletic drugs match
d. pesticides 
phenytoin
a. alcohols neurotonin
valproic acid
alcohols - Volatile organic carbamazepine
substances
carbon monoxide - Toxic because ____ are absorbed more ------ match -------
it binds very tightly to quickly than tablets and capsules. 
hemoglobin and does not allow dilantin
oxygen to attach to the hemoglobin; liquids tegretol
forms carboxyhemoglobin  depakene
cyanide - Supertoxic substance gabapentin
with exposure occurring through
various routes, including oral phenytoin - dilantin
ingestion, inhalation, or transdermal neurotonin - gabapentin
absorption  valproic acid - depakene
pesticides - may contaminate carbamazepine - tegretol
food or be inhaled, absorbed
through the skin, and ingested
via hand-to-mouth contact 

anti-epiletic drugs that causes

assocaited with fk-506 / thrombus
nystagmus (wondering eye)? antineoplastic drug
formation. what immunosuppresive
drug?
dilantin methotrexate
tegretol busulfan
cyclosporine
depakene ----- match -----
glycosporine
gabapentin leucopenia
tacrolimus
cytotoxic
rapomycrin
phenytoin - dilantin
sirolimus
neurotonin - gabapentin methotrexate - leucopenia
valproic acid - depakene busulfan - cytotoxic
tacrolimus
carbamazepine - tegretol

assocaited with renal impairment.

assocaited with thrombocytopenia.
has strong affinity with RBC. what best specimen when the drug
what immunosuppresive drug?
immunosuppresive drug? cyclosporine is used?
cyclosporine
cyclosporine SPS
glycosporine
glycosporine EDTA
tacrolimus
tacrolimus Heparin
rapomycrin
rapomycrin citrate
sirolimus
sirolimus
EDTA
rapomycin
cyclosporine
 causes pancreatitis
for initiation of seizure
binds to proteins and it inhibits
causes hematoloic dyscarasia
many enzymes; it also inhibits heme
for slow acting barbiturate to control
synthesis
seizure
a. arsenic causes pink disease
b. lead
------- match ---------
c. mercury arsenic
d. none of the above lead
tegretol
cadmium
phenytoin
b. lead mercury
depakene
phenobarbital
arsenic - Binds to thiol groups in mercury (major toxic effect of
proteins; ionized arsenic excreted in elemental mercury)
tegretol (carbamezepine) -
urine cogenital minimata disease is a
causes hematoloic dyscarasia
lead -  binds to proteins and it major toxic effect of elemental alkyl
phenytoin (dilantin) - for
inhibits many enzymes; it also mercury
initiation of seizure
inhibits heme synthesis
depakene (valproic acid) - causes
mercury -  Binds to proteins and
pancreatitis
inhibits many enzymes
phenobarbital - for slow acting
barbiturate to control seizure

digoxine
lidocaine
definitive method for testing of
quinidine
carbon monoxide?
procainamide
glc
-------match----------
cooximetry
common routes of drug BAL
alters cardiac ions
administration? reinsch test
for blood dyscrasia
for lupus like syndromes
oral, intravenous, intramuscular, cooximetry
decreased bp and cardiac output
subcutaenous
glc - reference method for carbon
digoxine - alters cardiac ions
monoxide
lidocaine - decreased bp and cardiac
BAL - (british anti-lewsite) arsenic
output
rescue and antidote for cyanide
quinidine - for blood dyscrasia
reinsch test - analysis of arsenic
procainamide - for lupus like
syndromes
 ingestion produces severe, acute
symptoms, similar to ethanol
intoxication, that persist for a long
period of time because _____ is
metabolized to acetone, which has a
long half-life. 
a. ethanol
b. methanol
c. isopropanol
d. ethylene glycol

distribution of drugs to the various c. isopropanol

tissues can typically occur between a
period of?
chloramphenicol
10 minutes - 60 minutes
20minutes - 120 minutes
2 hours
4 hours
fluoxitne (prozac)
20minutes - 120 minutes
for suicide
ethanol - Chronic exposure is
associated with toxic hepatitis and
fluoxitne cirrhosis. 
theophylline methanol - Ingestion is related to
TCA severe acidosis, blindness, and even
death due to methanol conversion to
formaldehyde, which is metabolized
to formic acid. 
isopropanol - ingestion produces
severe, acute symptoms, similar
to ethanol intoxication, that
persist for a long period of time
because isopropanol is metabolized
to acetone, which has a long half-
life. 
ethylene glycol -  Ingestion
produces severe metabolic
acidosis and renal tubular
damage. 

interact with target sites and

produce a response match the correct barbiturates effects
a. acidic drugs
b. basic drugs amobarbital
interferes with platelet aggregation?
c. free drugs phenobarbital
d. most drugs secobarbital and pentobarbital
salicylate aspin
acetaminophen
c. free drugs ------------ match --------------
risperdal
neuroleptics
acidic drugs - primarily bind to short acting
albumin. intermediate acting
salicylate aspin
basic drugs - primarily bind to co- long acting
acid glycoprotein (AAG).
acetaminophen - leads to
free drugs - interact with target Phenobarbital = (long acting), 
hepatoxicity
sites and produce a response Amobarbital = (intermediate acting)
most drugs - this drug circulates Secobarbital and pentobarbital
in the blood bound to plasma = (short acting)
proteins
 may contaminate food or be inhaled,
absorbed through the skin, and
ingested via hand-to-mouth contact 
a. alcohols
match the type of opiates
b. carbon monoxide primarily bind to co-acid
c. cyanide glycoprotein (AAG).
-synthetic
d. pesticides  a. acidic drugs
-naturally occuring
b. basic drugs
-chemically modified
d. pesticides  c. free drugs
d. most drugs
------------ match --------------
alcohols - Volatile organic
substances b. basic drugs
-Demerol, methadone, darvon,
carbon monoxide - Toxic because
talwin, fentanyl
it binds very tightly to acidic drugs - primarily bind to
-Heroin, dilaudid, oxycodone
hemoglobin and does not allow albumin.
-Opium, morphine, codeine
oxygen to attach to the hemoglobin; basic drugs - primarily bind to co-
forms carboxyhemoglobin  acid glycoprotein (AAG).
Naturally occurring: Opium,
cyanide - Supertoxic substance free drugs - interact with target
morphine, codeine
with exposure occurring through sites and produce a response
Chemically modified: Heroin,
various routes, including oral most drugs - this drug circulates in
dilaudid, oxycodone
ingestion, inhalation, or transdermal the blood bound to plasma
Synthetic: Demerol, methadone,
absorption  proteins
darvon, talwin, fentanyl     
pesticides - may contaminate
food or be inhaled, absorbed
through the skin, and ingested
via hand-to-mouth contact 

sed to treat asthma and other

chronic obstructive pulmonary
disorders (COPD)
a. aminoglycosides
b. vancomyocin
c. lithium
d. tricyclic antidepresessants
e. theophylline specimens for drugs of abuse match

e. theophylline 10 mL specimens used to assess short term

30 mL exposure to arsenic
aminoglycosides - Used to treat 30-60 mL
infections caused by gram- 50 mL blood and urine
negative bacteria; include blood and hair
gentamicin, tobramycin, ------- match --------- urine and fingernails
kanamycin, and hair and fingernails
amikacin. kidney, ear problem urine 
vancomyocin - Used to treat blood blood and urine
infections caused by gram- saliva
positive bacteria long term exposure to arsenic - hair
lithium -  Used to treat manic urine = 30-60 mL and fingernails
depression blood =  10 mL
tricyclic antidepresessants saiva = 30 mL
- used in cases of depression,
insomnia, extreme apathy, and
loss of libido.
theophylline - Used to treat
asthma and other chronic
obstructive pulmonary
disorders (COPD)
 tca
fluoxitne
vancomycin
aminoglycosides
chloramphenicol
-------- match ---------
assocaited with suicide
associated with blood dyscrasia
associated with "red-man syndrome"
associated with memory loss and
seizure
this antibiotic drug is associated with
nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (loss
of hearing balance)
tca - associated with memory loss
and seizure
fluoxitne - assocaited with suicide
vancomycin - associated with "red-
man syndrome"
aminoglycosides - this antibiotic
drug is associated with
nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (loss
of hearing balance)
chloramphenicol - associated with
blood dyscrasia
toxic dose of lead?
<10 ug/dL 
>0.5 mg/day
>0.5 g
>70 ug/dL
>0.5 mg/day
lead fatal dose - 0.5 g
lead toxic blood level > 70
ug/dL
CDC cut-off level <10ug/dL
(children)
the rate of administration of the
drug is equal to the rates of
metabolism and excretion,
allowing the drug level to remain
constant
single-dose administration
steady-state level
liberation
trough level
steady-state level
toxic indicator match
lead
arsenic
cyanide
mercury
cadmium
carbon monoxide
------match------
●odor of bitter almonds
●(+) GGT in urine sample
●cherry red color of the face
●odor of garlic breath, metallic taste
●increased urine ALA, basophilic
stippling
●loss of glomerular function and
CNS effect
lead - increased urine ALA,
basophilic stippling
arsenic - odor of garlic breath,
metallic taste
cyanide - odor of bitter almonds
mercury - loss of glomerular
function and CNS effect
cadmium - (+) GGT in urine
sample
carbon monoxide - cherry red
color of the face
this drug circulates in the blood
bound to plasma proteins
a. acidic drugs
b. basic drugs
c. free drugs
d. most drugs
d. most drugs
acidic drugs - primarily bind to
albumin.
basic drugs - primarily bind to co-
acid glycoprotein (AAG).
free drugs - interact with target
sites and produce a response
most drugs - this drug circulates
in the blood bound to plasma
proteins
used in cases of depression,
insomnia, extreme apathy, and
loss of libido.
a. aminoglycosides
b. vancomyocin
c. lithium
d. tricyclic antidepresessants
e. theophylline
d. tricyclic antidepresessants
aminoglycosides - Used to treat
infections caused by gram-
negative bacteria; include
gentamicin, tobramycin,
kanamycin, and
amikacin. kidney, ear problem
vancomyocin - Used to treat
infections caused by gram-
positive bacteria
lithium -  Used to treat manic
depression
tricyclic antidepresessants
- used in cases of depression,
insomnia, extreme apathy, and
loss of libido.
theophylline - Used to treat
asthma and other chronic
obstructive pulmonary
disorders (COPD)
used to destroy neoplastic cells.
a. glycosporine
b. tacrolimus
c. sirolimus
d. methotrexate

d. methotrexate what is the 2nd most common

what drug has a toxic effect that adulterant in drug screening?
glycosporine - Used to suppress causes pin-point pupils?
transplant rejections and graft- water
versus-host disease, peak levels amphetamine salt
in 4 - 6 hours cannbunoids sugar
tacrolimus - Used to suppress cocaine urine
transplant rejections and graft- opiates
versus-host disease (potency far salt
exceeds cyclosporine by a factor opiates
of 100)TOXICOLOGY 1st is water
sirolimus - Used to suppress
transplant rejections and graft-
versus-host disease, peak levels
in 2hours
methotrexate - used to destroy
neoplastic cells.