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Unit 1

一:知识点
1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。 Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。
2.By: ① 通过…..方式(途径)。例:I learn English by listening to tapes.
② 在…..旁边。例:by the window/the door
③ 乘坐交通工具 例:by bus/car
④ 在……之前,到……为止。例:by October 在 10 月前
⑤被 例:English is spoken by many people.
3.how 与 what 的区别:
how 通常对方式或程度提问,意思有:怎么样 如何,通常用来做状语、表语。
what 通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问,意思为 什么,通常做宾语,主语。
How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how 表示程度做表语)
How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.
What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other
subjects.
4.aloud, loud ,loudly 均可做副词。
aloud 出声地 大声地 多与 read 、speak 连用
例如:read aloud 朗读 speak aloud 说出声来
loud 大声地 响亮地 loudly 高声地多指喧闹声和不悦耳的声音。
5. voice 指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。 sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。 noise 指噪音、吵
闹声
6. find + 宾语 + 宾补(名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等)
例:I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden.
We found him in bed. He found the window closed.
7. 常见的系动词有: ①是:am 、is、 are ② 保持:keep、 stay
③ 转变:become、 get、 turn ④ ……起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词 过去分词 动词不定式) 使某种情况发生
例:Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净 Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来
I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车
You can’t get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着
9. 动词不定式做定语
① 与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系
The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to
come.
② 与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系
I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with.
I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in.
10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词 11. add 补充说 又说
12. join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员 attend 出席参加会议或讲座
join in 与 take part in 指参加到某项活动中去。
13.all、 both、 always 以及 every 复合词与 not 连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为:
all---none,
both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
14.be afraid of 害怕 be afraid to 害怕 be afraid that 恐怕担心,表示委婉语气
15.either:
① 放在否定句末表示“也” ②两者中的“任一”
③either…or… 或者…或者.…引导主语部分,谓语动词按照就近原则处理
16.complete 完成,是个较正式的词,后不能接动名词 finish 指日常事物的完成
17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”,“再一”。
例:Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl.
18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻烦,困难
19.unless 除非,如果不,等于“if not”本身就表示否定,引导条件状语从句,主句为将
来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
例:My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry.
=My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的话,你会出事的。
20.instead:adv 代替,更换。
例:We have no coffee, would you like tea instead? 我们没有咖啡了,改喝茶好吗?
Stuart was ill, so I went instead. 斯图尔病了,所以换了我去。
instead of 作为某人或某事物的替换
例:Let’s play cards instead of watching TV.
Give me the red one instead of the green one.
21.spoken 口头的,口语的。 Speaking 讲话的,说某种语言的。
二,短语:
1.by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡 2. ask…for help 向某人求助
3.read aloud 朗读 4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式
5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧
6.for example (=for instance)例如 7.have fun 玩得高兴
8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话
9.get excited 高兴,激动
10.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话
11.do a survey about… 做 有 关 … 的 调 查 12.keep an English notebook 记 英 语 笔 记
13.spoken
English (= oral English) 英语口语 14.make mistakes 犯错误
15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确
16.practise speaking English 练习说英语 17.first of all 首先 18.begin with
以…开始 19.later on 随后 20.in class 在课堂上 21.laught at 嘲笑

22.take notes 记笔记 23.enjoy doing 喜欢干…

24.write down 写下,记下


25.look up (v + adv) 查找,查询 26.native speakers 说本族话的人
27.make up 编造,虚构,化妆,打扮 28.around the world 全世界
29.deal with 对待,处理,解决 30.worry about (be worried about) 担心,担忧
31.be angry with 生某人的气 32.stay angry 生气
33.go by 消逝 34. regard…as… 把…当做…
35.complain about/of 抱怨 36. change…into… 把…变成… (= turn into)
37.with the help of 在…的帮助下 38. compare…to (with)… 把…和…作比较
39.think of (think about) 想起,想到 40.physical problems 身体上的问题
41.break off 中断,突然终止 42. not…at all 根本不,全然不
三,句子
1. How do you study for a test? 你怎样为考试做准备?
2. I have learned a lot that way. 用那种方法,我已经学到了很多东西。
3.It’s too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些声音太难了。
4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently. 卫明有不同的感受。
6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.
7.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.

她又说和朋友对话根本没用。
8.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有搭档一起练习英语。
9.Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand
every word.随后,我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。
10.It’s amazing how much this helped. 我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。
11.My teacher is very impressed. 给老师留下了深刻的印象。
12.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很难造出完整的句子。
13.What do you think you are doing? 你在做什么?
14.Most people speak English as a second language. 英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。
15.How do we deal with our problem? 我们怎样处理我们的问题?
16.It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our
education with the help of our teachers. 在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我
们的责任。
He can’t walk or even speak.他无法走路,甚至无法说话

Unit 2
一. 知识点
1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形.
否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to 疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
be/get used to 习惯于, to 为介词.
2. wear 表示状态. put on 表示动作. dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.
3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,在…供职.
4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑问句.
Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了.
5. 反意疑问句:
① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用 it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部
分用 they 做主语.
例: This is a new story, isn’t it? Those are your parents, aren’t they?
② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there
例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there?
③ I am 后的疑问句, 用 aren’t I
例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?
④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none
等词时,疑问部分用肯定.
例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?
⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用 it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?
⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分
用 they 做主语;
若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问
部分用 it 做主语.
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?
⑦ 当主语是第一人称 I 时, 若谓动为 think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问
句部分的人称,
时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移.
例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用 shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. ② 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.
例: It’s a pity that you miss the bus.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次数;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指时间.
9. right: ① adj. 正确的, 对的, 右边的② n. 右方, 权利③ adv. 直接地.
10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed
a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与 can, be able to 连用.
例: Can you afford a new car?
The film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 连词, 不但…而且… 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一

例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光.
13. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段时间 during the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.
15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)
二. 短语
1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣.2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.
3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 体操课.5. worry about. 担心.
6. all the time 一直, 总是 7. chat with 与…闲聊 8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不仅…而且 11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦
12. make a decision 做出决定 13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
14. take pride in 为…感到骄傲 15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…组成/构成. be made up of 由…组成/构成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是 18. in the end 最后, 终于
19. play the piano 弹钢琴
三.句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends.
以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的.
7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大.

Unit 3
一.知识点
1.被动语态的谓语动词形式: be 的各种时态形式+v-ed
含情态动词的: can/may/must/should be + v-ed
2.get/have + n./pron. + v-ed 叫/让/请别人做某事(即使谋事被做)
例: I want to get my coat mended. 我要缝衣服.
3.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做… allow doing sth 允许做…
4.drive : ① 驾车,驾驶. ② 驱赶,驱使.
例: What drives them to rob the shop? 什么驱使他们去抢商店?
5.stupid silly foolish 三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid 程度最强,指智力 理解
力 学习能力差.
silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩. foolish 尤其在口语中广泛使用.
例: He is stupid in learning math. 他学习数学很笨.
Stop asking such silly questions. 别再问这样傻的问题了.
You are foolish to throw away such a good chance. 你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会.
6.He doesn’t seem to have many friends.=It seems that he doesn’t have many
friends.
=He seems not to have many friends.
7.倒装句: So + be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为肯定局) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
Neither/Nor + be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
例: He likes oranges. So do we. He doesn’t like oranges. Neither do we.
Tom can swim. So can John. Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
So +主语+ be 动词/助动词/情态动词 表示对前面事实的进一步确认.
例: Henry is very tired. So he is.(的确是)
He surfed Internet for two hours. So he did.(的确是)
They will win the game. So they will.(他们会的)
8.until 用于肯定句中,前面句子中的谓动必须是延续性的.
9.clean (v.) 打扫,清理 clean up 比较彻底地打扫,清理 clean out 打扫,清理地最彻底.
10.fail a test = fail in a test 考试不及格
11.be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
例: The head teacher is strict with his students He is strict in the
work.
12.the other day 前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)
13.concentrate on… 全神贯注做…
例: This company concentrates on China market. 这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.
14. more…than…① 与其说…不如说…; 比…更…
例: The man is more stupid than nervous.与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.
② 在这一结构中,more 做 adj. 修饰名词,表示“比…多”
例:I have more books than you. 我的书比你的多.
15.volunteer ① n. 自愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做…
例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home.我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙.
16.chance 指侥幸的,偶尔的机会,还可表示“可能性”
opportunity 指有利的时机,良机. 二者有时可以互换.
Have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会.
Don’t be too frustrated. You’ll have another opportunity to go to college
next year. 别太沮丧了,你还有上大学的机会.
17. experience : ① 可数名词 “经历,体验” 例: Please tell us something about your
experiences.② 不可数名词 “经验” 例: He is a man of rich experience.
③ 动词“经历” 例: She experienced lots of suffering.
18. off 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.
例: I think I’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班.
She is off today. 她今天休息.
I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.
19. reply 与 answer 两者有时可通用.
reply 比 answer 正式,一般指经过思考的.有针对性的,详细的回答,往往与 to 连用.answer 是
一般用语,可直接带宾语.
另外 answer 还有“应答”之意.如 answer the door/telephone
20. get in the way (of)... 妨碍...
例: He never gets in others’ way. 他从不妨碍别人.
The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的.
21. success (n.) successful (adj.) succeed (v.)
22. do does did 用在另一个动词前表示强调.
例: He does speak well. 他真的讲的很好. Do be quiet. 务必安静.
23. in the end = finally = at last 最后.
24. importance (n.) important (adj.)
25. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣.
例: I’m serious about the problem.
To tell you the truth, I’m not serious about math at all.
26. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.
例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.
Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好.
Only when she came home, did he learn the news. 当她到家时,他才得知了这消息.
27. care about 关心,在乎,在意.
例: No one cares about others nowadays. 现在没人关心别人.
I don’t care about what he does. 我并不在意他干什么.
28. clothes 统指身上穿的各种服装,包括上衣,裤子,内衣等,做主语,谓语动词按复数处理.
clothing 不可数名词,是服装的总称,包括各种衣服,帽子,鞋袜等.做主语谓动按单三处理.
cloth 布料.
二.短语
1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干… allow sb to do sth 允许某人干…
allow doing sth 允许干…
2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16 岁的孩子
3. part-time jobs 兼职工作 4. a driver’s license 驾照
5. on weekends 在周末 6. at that age 在那个年龄段
7. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上 8. stay up 熬夜
9. clean up (相当与及物动词) 清扫 10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格
11. take the test 参加考试 12. the other day 前几天
13. all my classmates 我所有的同学 14. concentrate on 全神贯注于
15. be good for 对…有益 16. in groups 成群的,按组的
17. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构) 18. learn from 向某人学习
19. at present 目前,现在 20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会
21.English-English dictionary 英英词典 22. at least 至少

23.eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚 8 小时的睡眠


24. an old people’s home 敬老院 25. take time to do sth 花费时间干…
26. primary schools 小学 27. have…off 放假,休息
28. reply to 回答,答复 29. get in the way of 妨碍
30. a professional athlete 职业运动员 31. achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想
32. think about 思考,考虑 33. in the end 最后,终于
34. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣
35. spend…on + n. spend …(in) + v-ing 在…上花费时间/金钱
36. care about 关心,担心,在乎 37. agree with 同意…
三.句子
1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears
pierced.
我认为不应该允许 12 岁的孩子穿耳孔.
2.They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业.
3.He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上 11 点.
4.We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.
我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情.
5.What school rules do you think should be changed?
你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了?
6.The two pairs of jeans both look good on me. 这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.
7.The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了.
8.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?
9.Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.
10.They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.
应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.
11.We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步.
Unit 4
一、知识点
1、① give sb sth=give sth to sb
类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send 等
②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
类似的词还有:make、draw、cook 等
2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion 与数字连用不能用复数。
hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of 中必须用复数。
3、look for 寻找 find 找到、发现
find out 指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。
discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。
4、bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来
5、talk to/with sb 同××说话。
tell 告诉, 分辨,辨别。
speak to sb 同××说话,做及物动词,后跟语言。
say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语,着重强调说话内容。
6、What if …… 如果……将会怎么样?(引导条件状语从句、疑问句)
eg What if she doesn’t come? 她要是不来怎么办?
What if your parent don’t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办?
What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办?
7、before 引导一个句子,为连词。后跟短语或名词等,则为介词。
8、food 表示食品种类,一种食物时,为可数名词

eg fried foods 油炸食品 break foods 早餐食品 frozen foods 冷冻食品


9、复数名词可表示一类食品(如 dogs)
a/an+单数可数名词可表示一类(如 a dog)
10、confident(adj.) confidence(n.)
11、What does/do ×× look like? 问相貌。
What’s ×× like? 问“品质性格”。
12、 give a speech 做演讲 have a speech 听演讲 give a report 做报告
have a report 听报告
13、permission (n.) 允许,许可 permit (v.) 允许
14、plenty of 充足的,相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词,只能用于肯定句。否定、疑
问句中用 enough.
15、not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
16、company ① 公司 ②一群人,一伙人 ③ 陪伴
17、get along (with)=get on (with)
① 进行,进展
eg The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。
How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了?
② 相处
eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along?
你跟老板合得来吗?
I’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。
18、would rather … than … (= would … rather than)宁愿,而不愿。
前后连接两个动词原形,否定形式为:would rather not do sth
①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但 prefer … to … 若连接两个动词,动词应为 v-ing 形式。
eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing
football.
②would rather 常单独使用,表示“宁愿做…”
eg He would rather watch TV at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是
连接两个并列成分,前后对称。

eg I’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.


I decided to write rather than telephone.
I like going out with you rather than with him.
She enjoys listening rather than speaking.
19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below 做宾语修饰名词,放在名
词之后
eg the weather today 今天的天气 people here 这里的人们 the man downstairs 楼下的那个
男的
the passage below 下面的这段话
20、a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词
21、There is an English speech contest next month
用一般现在时表示将来,表示计划或安排好的动作,或者日历、时刻表的规定内容。
22、the rest 其余的,可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词
23、come up with 提出或提出(答案、方法)等。类似于 think of.
eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎样想出这个注意的?
My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是个常常能想出好点子的

24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 给××…… offer to sb sth 主动提出干……
二、短语
1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构 2、medical research 医学研究
3、What if …… 如果…怎么样? 4、get nervous 紧张
5、take a big exam 参加大考 6、help with 有助于
7、in public 在公共场合 8、hardly ever 几乎不
9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 为经许可
11、be(make) friends with 与…交朋友 12、ask one’s permission 请求××的允许
13、introduce…to… 把…介绍给… 14、invite…to do… 邀请…干…
15、social situations 社会环境 16、not… in the slightest 根本不,一点也不
17、right away 立刻,马上 18、all day 全天
19、be friendly to 对…友好 20、at lunch time 在午饭时间
21、a bit shy 有点害羞 22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛
23、represent the class 代表班级 24、come top 名列第一(前茅)

25、let … down 使…失望 26、come up with 提出、想出


27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其余的学生
be sure to do 相信… 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth
be sure +that 从句 在做某事方面有经验
30、deal with 对付,处理 31、come out 出版
32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意见、建议 33、by accident 偶然地,无意之中
34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干… 35、an internet friend 网友
三、句子
1、He doesn’t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。
2、You shouldn’t worry about what other people say.你不应该考虑别人说什么。
3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元,你会干什么?
4、If I were you, I ‘d take a small present.如果我是你,我会带一个小礼物。
5、I’m too tired to do well.我太累了,没考好。
6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。
7、What are you like? 你是什么样的人?
8、I’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我会邀请他(她)到我家吃饭。9、You
enjoy
the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。
10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。11、She
always comes top in the school exams.她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。
12、She doesn’t want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。
13、If I were you, I’ll get out of here.如果我是你,我会离开这里。
虚拟语气
一、词的语气
指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。(在英语中,语气除了指语调以外,最主要的是通
过动词发生变化而表示不同语气)
英语中的语气分为三类:
陈述语气(用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句)
祈使语气(用于祈使句)
虚拟语气(用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等)
二、虚拟语气
如果所说的不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想,就用虚拟
语气。
三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
eg If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)
If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.(真实条件状语)
If I were you, I would go at once.(非真实条件状语从句)
If there was no air, people would die.(非真实条件状语从句)
2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式
① 表示与现在事实相反的情况
(条件)从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式
谓语动词用过去式(be 用 were)should/would/could/might+动词原形

eg:If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是


你)
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the
earth.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱)
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他在努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:
学习不用功)
② 表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式
Had+过去分词 Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词

eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.


如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)
③ 表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小)
从句例句主句
① were
If+主语 ② did
③were to do
(① 通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中 were to do 可能性最小,
should+动词原形。 If it rained tomorrow our picnic
would be put off.
万一那天下雨,我们的郊游
就推迟。

should/would do might
主句 /could

eg: If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.


如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了,(事实:不知能否下雪)
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事得始末。
四、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、虚拟语气用在 wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式
eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)
b、表示过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+v-ed
eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:
原来不知道)
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形
eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很难再有这样的机会了。(事实:很难再有这样的
机会了)
② 虚拟语气用在 suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾
语从句中。
在这种用法中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动
词原形”或只用“动词原形”。
如 He suggested
He insisted
He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

Unit 5
一、知识点:
1、情态动词表示推测:
(1)must 常用于肯定句中,意为“准是、一定”,它表达的肯定程度最大,可以达到
100%。
(2)could、might、may 的意思是“可能、也许”,表示推测,它们所表达的肯定程度
较低,这三个词相比 may 的可能性稍大一些;他们的肯定程度在 20%至 80%。
(3)can’t 的意思之“不可能”,它相应的肯定形式是 must;它的可能性为 0% 。
(4)must、could、might 和 can’t 的后面可用一般现在时、现在进行时,表示对现在的
动作、状态或正在进行的动作的推测。
例:He might/could be playing basketball now.他现在可能正在打篮球。
I’m sure that she can’t stay at home.我确信她不在家。
He must be walking in the garden.他肯定在花园里散步。
2、 author 与 writer:
author 单纯制作者或作品;writer 的意思较多,有“作者、抄写员”等。
3、drop:(1) vt.(及物动词)意思是(有意或无意)让掉下来、投下;放弃、不再干。
例:She dropped the teapot.
He dropped it into the mail-box.
I want to drop math.
(2)vi.(不及物动词)意思是掉下、落下;下降、降低(可与 fall 互换),
例:The man dropped from the top of the building.
The temperature has suddenly dropped.
Prices dropped.
(3) n.(可数)滴、点滴, a few drops of rain 几滴雨
4、exam:用在正式场合,指入学考试,期中、期末考试,正式等级考试。

test:意思是测验、考查、小考,指非正式的阶段性的测试。
quiz:测验、口试、笔试,只简单的临时性的考试。
5、too much 太多 much too 实在太
6、garbage、rubbish、junk 和 waste:
(1)garbage 废料、垃圾;(厨房倒弃的)剩饭、剩菜。
(2)rubbish=trash 垃圾,普通用语,指各种垃圾,英国人常用 rubbish,美国人常用
trash.
(3)junk 破烂物,指废铁、破布等,现在用来指使人发胖的食物。
(4)waste 废物,指工厂排出的废水、废气或家庭垃圾等。
7、any 用在否定句、疑问句、条件句中。 some 用在陈述肯定句中。
8、have no idea 不知道 have some/any idea 知道。
9、at 可表示“再某场合”如:at the meeting/party
10、hope to do sth;hope that 从句。 wish to do sth;wish sb to do sth;wish
that 从句。11、because 引导原因状语从句 because of 跟名词或一个短语。
12、however 与 but:
(1)从语义上看,but 所表示的是很明显的对比、转折。
(2)从语法上看,but 是并列连词,however 是个副词。
(3)从语序上看,but 总位于所引导的句首,however 可放在句首、句中、句尾。
(4)从标点上看,but 之后没有逗号,however 之前、之后短语用逗号隔开。
13、本课出现的两例含有宾语从句的特殊句子:
(1)What do you think “anxious” means?
(2)Why do you think the man is running?
又如:
(1) Where do you guess he lives?
(2) What do you think he is doing now?
14、happen 指偶然的发生;
take place 用于计划好的事情或自然的发生;
break out(指战争、灾难、疾病等)爆发。
15、neighborhood: (1)临近、附近 (2)街坊、小区、地区
16、raise [reiz] vt.及物动词 举起、提高 Rise [raIz] vi.(不及物动词)上升
二、短语:
1、be long to 属于 11、wear a suit 穿西装

2、listen to classical music 听古典音乐 12、make a movie 拍电影


3、at school 上学、求学、在学校 13、in our neighborhood 在我们附近、在我们
小区
4、go to the concert 去听音乐会 14、have fun 玩耍、取闹
5、have any/some idea 知道 have no idea 不知道 15、his or her own idea 她(他)自己的
看法
6、a math test on algebra 有关代数的数学考试 16、late night 深夜
7、the final exam 期末考试 17、an ocean of 许许多多、无穷无尽的
8、because of 因为 18、be care of=look out 当心、小心
9、a present for his mother 送给她妈妈的礼物 19、pretend to do sth 假装干…
10、run for exercise 跑步锻炼 20、use up 用完、用光
三、句子:
1、If you have any idea where might be please call me.如果你知道它可能在哪,请打电话
给我。
2、It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30%to the final exam.
关键是我必须学,因为它占期末考试的 30%。
3、What do you think “anxious” means?你认为“anxious”是什么意思?
4、He could be running for exercise.他可能是跑步锻炼身体。
5、He might be running to catch a bus.他可能是在跑着赶公共汽车。
6、Why do you think the man is running?你觉得那个男的为什么跑?
7、No more mystery in Bell Tower neighborhood.钟塔附近不再有神秘的事了。
8、One finger can’t left a small stone.独木难支。
9、When an ant says“ocean”,he is talking about a small pool.井底之蛙。
10、It is less of a problem to be poor than to be dishonest.宁穷勿贱。
11、Be careful of the person who does not talk, and the dog that does not
bark.
明抢易挡,暗箭难防。
12、You can’t wake a person who is pretending to be asleep.真人不露相。
13、Tell me and I’ll forget. Show me, and I may not remember. Let me try,
and I’ll understand.有亲身体验才能明白其中的道理。
14、Don’t let yesterday use up too much of today.过去的就让它过去吧。
15、He who would do great things should not attempt them all along.
一个好汉三个帮。

Unit 6
一、 知识点
1.prefer v.更喜爱,更喜欢,相当于 like……better,其过去式、过去分词为 preferred,
常用于以下结构:

(1)prefer+名词、代词 I preferred music. Which do you prefer?


(2)prefer+动词不定式“宁愿干……”She prefers to live among the working people.
(3) prefer+v-ing I prefer living abroad.
(4)prefer+动词不定式复合结构:
常见的搭配有:
① prefer……to……喜欢……而不喜欢……(to 为介词)
She prefers apples to bananas.
② prefer doing to doing(to 为介词)
He prefers running to walking.
③ prefer to do …… rather than do sth.宁愿干……而不愿干……
They prefer to play games rather than watch TV.
2.gentle:① 轻柔,温和(往往指音乐、嗓音或风)
② 温柔的,文雅的(往往指人的性格)
3.remind……of……使某人回想起或意识到某人、某事
She reminded me of her sister.
The pictures remind me of my school days.
4.表示“也”的用法:
also 用在句中,too 用在句末,as well 多用于口语,用在句末,这三个表达都用在肯定
句。either “也” 用在否定句尾
5. What do you think of …?
=How do you like…?
6.as 的用法:
① 用作连词“按照”
Please do it again as I told you.
② 连词,当……的时候,着重强调两个动词同时发生
She sang as she worked.
③ 表示原因,“因为,由于”比较口语化,语气也较弱,所表示的原因比较明显。
As I didn’t know the way, I asked the policeman.
④as…as… 和……一样
7.over the years 多年来 ,往往与现在完成时连用
8.though 不做副词“可是,不过,然而”放在句尾
9. be sure of +n. / pron. /短语
be sure that 从句 }相信,对……有把握
be sure to do 务必……一定……
make sure 确保,核实,查收,弄清楚
10.one of the+最高级+复数名词,最……之一
11.过去分词作定语,表示被动或完成
12. on display=on show
13.interest:①n.兴趣,趣味;② v.使感兴趣
He interested me in football.他使我对足球感兴趣。
I’ve got a lot of books that might interest you.我有许多可能使你感兴趣的书。
14.class 等级,级别,阶级
15. whatever=no matter what
16.suggest:① 建议,后跟宾语从句,用虚拟语气;
② 表示,暗示,后跟宾语从句,不用虚拟语气。
17. energy (n.)=energetic (adj.)
18.honest 该词是元音发音开头,前面的不定冠词用“an”.
19.先行词若为地点或时间时,后面的关系词用关系代词还是关系副词,要看关系词在
定语从句中作什么成分。若关系词作定语从句的主语、宾语或定语,用关系代词;若关系
词作状语,则用关系副词。
二.短语
1.expect to do sth.期望干……
expect sb. to do sth 期望某人干…… 2.catch up with 追上,赶上
3.different kinds of music 各种不同的音乐
4.quiet and gentle songs 轻柔的歌曲 5. take…to… 带……到……
6. remind…of…使某人想起或意识到…… 7.her own songs 她自己的歌曲
8.be important to 对……重要 9.Yellow River 黄河
10.Hong Tao’s latest movie 洪涛最近的电影 11.over the years 多年来
12.be sure to do sth.务必干……一定干……
13.one of the best known Chinese photographers 世界上最有名的中国摄影家之一

14.on display 展览,展出 15.come and go 来来往往


16.can’t stand 不能忍受 17.look for 寻找
18.feel sick 感到恶心,不舒服 19.have a great time 玩得高兴,过得愉快
20.to be honest 说实话 21.be lucky to do 幸运的是……
22.my six-month English course 我 6 个月的英语课
23.most of my friends 我的大部分朋友 24.go for 去找某人,想法得到某事物
25.stay healthy 保持健康 26.French fries 薯条
27.stay away from 与……保持距离
28.be in agreement 意见一致(后跟短语、句子)
29.barbecued meat 烤肉 30.a tag question 反意疑问句
31.be bad for 对……有害
三.句子
1.I love singers who write their own music.我喜欢自己创作曲子的歌手。
2.We prefer music that has great lyrics.我们更喜欢歌词很棒的曲子。
3.What do you dislike about this CD.你不喜欢这张 CD 的什么?
4.What does it remind you of?它使你想起了什么?
5.The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music.这首曲子使我想起了巴西舞曲。
6.It does have a few good features, though.然而,它的确也有一些好的方面。
7.She really has something for everyone.每个人的确都能从她的作品中领悟到一些东西。
8.Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition.无论怎样,你都不能错过这次展出。
9.As the name suggests, the band has a lot of
energy.正如乐队名字所暗示的那样,这支乐队很有活力。
10. Some people say they are boring, but others say they are great.
11.If I were you, I’d eat nuts instead.如果我是你,我会改吃坚果。

Unit7
一、知识点:
1.Would like sth 想要某东西
to do sth   想要干…
sb to do sth 想要××干
2.through 穿过 含有“in”的意思 across 横过 含有“on”的意思
3、expect to do sth / sb to do sth / that 从句(不用虚拟语气)
Wish to do sth / sb to do sth / that 从句(用虚拟语气)
Hope to do / that 从句(不用虚拟语气)
(没有 hope sb to do sth 结构)
4. light a.可数名词,灯 b. 不可数名词,光线、日光
c.形容词,轻的,明亮的,浅色的
d.及物动词 点燃 照亮 (过去式,过去分词 lit,lit 或 lighted ,lighted)
5.Some day=someday 只指将来某一天
one day 既可指将来某一天,也可指过去某一天。
6.Plan 计划打算(1) plan to do sth
We are planning to visit London this summer /Do plan to stay late?
(2) 跟名词或者代词 Have you planned your trip?
We have been planning this visit for months.
(3) plan for 为…做计划 He planned for a picnic if the next day were fine.
(4) plan on 打算有(做某事)She had not planned on so many guests.
They are planning on an/for an outing.
7.I’d like to go somewhere relaxing.
Somewhere 在本句中有双重性,对 go 来说是副词,对 relaxing 来说是不定代词。
8.Consider 考虑,认为
后面只跟动词,动词用“ing”形式
9.else 用在特殊疑问词及不定代词的后面,other 用在名词前,两者都是“别的,其他
的”的意思
10.in 在范围之内的某方位。to 范围之外的某方位。on 在两地边界接壤的某方位。
11.mind 介意 mind doing sth; mind one’s doing sth.
12.any 用在肯定句中,“任一”
13.so that 引的状语从句,“以便,为了”,从句往往有 can/may/will/could/might/would
等情态动词。
So …that…如此…以至于 that …引导结果状语从句。
14.Continue to do sth 继续干另外一件事。
Continue doing sth 继续干同一件事
15.在英语中,有 although 不能有 but;有 because 不能有 so

16.强调句型:It is(was)…that (who ,whom)…


(1) 强调句型可用来强调各种句子成分
(2) 强调句中的连词 who,whom 只用来指代人,that 即可以指代人也可以指代物被强调部
分是时间,地点等仍用 that
(3)that,whom, who 后的句中的谓语与原句保持一致
(4)强调句中只有 it is ,it was 两种时态形式,
如:I am right ------It is I who(that) am right.
又如:They will have a meeting tomorrow.
It is they who(that) will have a meeting tomorrow.
It′s a meeting that they will have tomorrow.
It′s tomorrow that they will have a meeting.
二 短语
1.go on vacation 去度假 2.trek through the jungle 徒步穿越丛林
3.some day 有朝一日 4.one of the liveliest cities 最有活力的城市之一
5.be supposed to do sth. 应该干。 6.pack light clothes 穿薄衣服
7.take a trip 去旅行
8.provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 为了某人提供某物
9.be away 离开,远离 10.the answer to the question 问题的答案
11.according to 根据。按照。 12.work as tour guides 做导游的工作
13.dream of 梦想,想到 14.less realistic dreams 不现实的梦想
15.be willing to do sth. 愿意干。16.achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想
17.sail across the pacific 横渡太平洋 18.hold on to 保持,不要放弃(卖掉)
19.take it easy 从容 轻松 不紧张 20.Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布
21.Eiffel Tower 艾菲尔铁塔 22.Notre Dame Cathedral 巴黎圣母院
23.this time of year 一年中的这个时候
24.in general 通常 ,大体上, 一般而言
三 句子
1.where would you like to go on vacation?
I’d like to trek through the jungle.
2.l like places where the weather is always warm.
3.I like to go somewhere relaxing 我喜欢去休闲的地方
4.For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris?

你下次度假为什么不考虑去巴黎?
5.Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money.
乘坐出租车游览巴黎要花费很多钱
6.So unless you speak French yourself, it’s best to travel with someone
who can translate things for you.
因此,除非你自己会讲法语,否则最好与一个能为你翻译的人一起去。
7. We’d like to be away for three weeks.
我们大约要去三个星期.
8.The person has a lot of money to spend on the vacation.
度假中这个人有很多钱可以花.
9.I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of
vacations that your firm can offer
我希望能给我提供一些贵公司能经营的旅游项目的信息.
10.Could you please give me some suggestions for vacation spots?
你能给我一些有关度假地的建议吗?
11.You need to pack some warm clothes if you go there.
你如果去那里,需要带一些暖和的衣服。
12.I’d love to sail across the Pacific.
我想横渡太平洋。

Unit 8
一.知识点
1. 动词+副词构成的短语,代词做宾语只能放在中间,名词做宾语可中可后。
如: clean up ; give out ; cheer up ; put up ; write down ; hand out ; call
up ; set up ; fix up ; give away ; work out
2 could 表示建议,比 can 婉转。
3 put off +v-ing
4 put up 举起,悬挂,张贴。
5 Not only … but also … 不仅…而且… 强调后者
此结构用来连接主语时,谓语动词按照就近原则,在人称与数上与 but also 后的名词、
代词保持一致。
例:Not also ZhouXia, but also her parents are fond of watching football
matches.

此结构可用来连接两个句子,当 not only 连接的句子位于句首时,该句要部分倒装。


例:Not only does Miss Li like music,but also she likes
sports.李小姐不但喜欢音乐,还喜欢体育
Not only did he come,but also he was very happy.他不但来了,而且还很高兴。
6.coach ① 名词 长途公共汽车、四轮大马车,(运动员的)教练,私人教师。
② 动词 辅导,训练
7.major ① adj. 重要的,主要的 ② n. 专业,专业学生
He is a history major. = He chose history as his major.他是主修历史的学生
vi. 主修,专攻。 He majors in physics. 他主修物理学。
8.volunteer ① 可数名词 “志愿者” ② adj. 自愿的
vi. volunteer to do sth
They are the Chinese People’s Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。
I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。
9.no longer = not … any longer 指时间上不再延续。
no more = not … any more 指动作上不再延续。
10.run out 与 run out of
①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间,食物,金钱,油等,本
身就含有被动意义。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。
My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
②run out of 主语为人,表示主动含义。
He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把
钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如:The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了
= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
= We are running out of time
11.work out v. + adj.
① 结局,结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略

效果很好。
② 算出,制订出,消耗完(精力等)
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。
12.homeless 无家可归的
13.donate v. donation n. 捐赠
二.短语
1.clean up 清扫 2.give out 分发,发放
3.cheer up=make…happier 使...高兴,使...振作
4.after school study program 课外学习班
5.come up with=think up 提出,想出 6.put off 推迟
7.write down 写下,记下 8.put up 张贴
9.hand out 分发,发放 10.call up 打电话
11.ser up=establish 建立 12.be home to sb 是某人的家园
13.volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花时间干...
14.put…to use… 把...投入使用 15.elementary school 小学
16.plan to do sth 计划干...打算干
17.coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队
18.start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部
19.run out of 用完,耗尽 20.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象
21.fix up 修理 22.give away 捐赠 23.be similar to 与...相似
24.ask for 索要 25.a call-in center for parents 家长热线
26.hang out 闲荡
27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告
28.run out of money for singing lessons 学唱歌的钱用完了
29.disabled people 残疾人 30.for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问
31.fill…with... 用...填充... be full of 装满了...
32.help...out 帮助...做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)
33.a specially trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗

34.train sb to do sth 训练某人干... 35.fetch my book 把我的书拿来


36.part of speech 词性
三.句子
1.We can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now.
我们不能推迟制订计划,清洁日离现在只有两周了。
2.She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care
centre at her local elementary school. 她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作,使这个
爱好得到较好的利用
3.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend
time doing what I love to do. 帮助别人不但自己感到快乐,而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢
做的事了。
4.The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir
school. 这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。
5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes. 他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的广告。
6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 几米想出的这个办法很有效。
7.He did a radio interview. 他接受了电台的采访。
8.We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。
9.You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
10.He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who don’t
have bikes. 他现在有 16 辆要修理的自行车,并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没
有自行车的孩子。

Unit 9
重点词组

1. be used for 用来做……


2. be invented by 由(某人)发明
3. light bulb 电灯泡
4. microwave oven 微波炉
5. by mistake 错误地
6. in the end 最终;最后
7. salty enough 足够咸
8. by accident 偶然;意外
9. not…until… 直到……才……
10. according to 根据;按照
11. fall into 落入;陷入
12. in this way 这样
13. flying disk 飞碟
14. knock into 撞上(某人)
15. fall down 倒下;摔倒
16. divide…into… 把……分成……

重点句型
1. Who was the telephone invented by? It was invented by Bell.
电话是谁发明的? 电话是贝尔发明的。

2. When were electric slippers invented? They were invented last year.
电拖鞋是什么时候被发明的? 它们是去年被发明的。

3. What are they used for?


它们是用来做什么的?
4. They are used for seeing in the dark.
它们是用来在黑暗中看东西的。

5. Tea wasn’t brought to the Western world until 1610.


直到 1610 年茶才被带到西方世界。
6. I prefer lemons to oranges. I like the sour taste.
我喜欢柠檬胜过橙子。我喜欢酸味。
Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.
Unit 10
重点词组(Key phrases)
1.by the time 到…时候为止
2.get outside 到外边
3.get to school 到学校
4.get up 起床
5.get into the shower 去洗澡
6.get home 到家
7.start doing / to do sth 开始做某事
8.be late for 迟到
9.go off (闹钟)闹响
10.wake up 醒来
11.come out 出来,出现
12.run off 迅速离开,跑掉
13.on time 准时
14.in time 及时
15.come by (走)过来
16.give sb a ride 让某人搭车
17.break down 损坏,坏掉
18.show up 出席,露面
19.stay up 熬夜
20.a costume party 一个化装舞会
21.sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上
22.so …that … 如此…以至于
23.set off 出发,开始
24.April Fool's Day 愚人节
25.get married 结婚
26.marry sb 与某人结婚
27.both …and … 二者…都…
28.get dressed 穿好衣服
29.on the first day 在第一天
语法重点(Grammar Focus)
1.Past perfect Tense 过去完成时
构成:had+过去分词(had 没有人称和数的变化)
过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说
发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前,那么,使用过
去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。
eg.I had finished my homework before supper.
我在晚饭前把作业做完了。
2.when 和 by the time 引导的时间状语从句
by the time
到……时候为止,指从过去某一点到,从句所示的时间为止,这一时间段。when 当…
…时候,指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时,主句为过去完成时。

eg.By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
到她起床的时候,她的弟弟已经去洗澡间了。
When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home
当她到学校的时候,她意识到她把书包放在家里了。
(在这句话中,过去的时间点为“到校”的时候,“她把书包放在家里”则发生在
“过去的过去”。)
疑难解析(Key Points)
1.get to 意为“到达”。例如:
When did you get there last night?
你昨晚什么时候到那儿的?
I get home at 7:00 every day.
我每天 7:00 到家。
When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。
辨析:get, arrive 与 reach
这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”,但是用法不同。
(1)get 和 arrive 都是不及物动词,其后只能跟表示地点的副词,若是跟名词则须再加
介词,即 get to +地点名词,arrive in / at
+地点名词(in 之后跟表示大地方的词,at 之后跟表示小地方的词)。若是只说“到
达”,而不指出到达哪里,则只能用 arrive。例如:
How did you get / arrive there?
你怎么到那儿的?
I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.
我前天到的北京。
When do you often get to / arrive at school?
你经常什么时候到校?
When will you arrive?
你什么时候到?
(2)reach 为及物动词,其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如:
I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.
我前天到的北京。
We reached here on foot.
我们步行到这儿的。

2.关于 get 的词组小结


在本单元出现大量关于 get 的词组,要注意背诵:
get to school 到学校
get into the shower 去洗澡
get outside 到外边
get home 到家
get up 起床
get married 结婚
get dressed 穿好衣服
get to class 到班级
get bored 变得无聊
get tired 变得疲劳

3.I've never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close
我上学从未迟到过,但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。
(1)I've 是 I have 的缩写,have been
late 是现在完成时态,现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可
能继续下去,而且对现在产生了一定的影响,其构成是 have /
has+动词过去分词。例如:
I have been here since 1999.
自 1999 年以来我就在这儿。
We have lived in Jinan for 20 years.
我们已经在济南住了 20 年了。
She hasn't worked for 2 years.
她已 2 年不工作了。
(2)be late for 意为“……迟到”,for 为介词,所以其后须跟名词。例如:
Don't be late for the meeting.
开会别迟到了。
Jim was late for school again.
吉姆上学又迟到了。
Tom has been late for classes twice.
汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。
(3)close 在此为副词“接近地,靠近地”。此外 came very close 意为“到时与迟到很
接近”。

4.My alarm clock didn't go off, … 闹钟没有大响……


go off 意为“爆发,大响”。例如:
Although the alarm clock went off, he didn't wake up.虽然闹钟大响,但是他还是没有醒
来。
与 go 有关的词组还有:
(1)go in for“参加”(竞赛、考试);(作为嗜好、工作)“爱好”。例如:
She goes in for bird-watching.她爱好赏鸟。
(2)go on“进行,继续”。例如:
Please go on.请继续。
(3)go on doing sth 或 go on with sth“继续做……”。例如:
He went on working without having a rest.
他一直工作,没停下来休息过。
(4)go over“调查,视察;越过”。例如:
You must go over your lessons before the exam.
考试前你必须复习。

5.…and I had to wait for him to come out.……我不得不等他出来。


(1)have to 意为“必须,不得不”。例如:
Do you have to take the test?
你必须考试吗?
Tom has to practice speaking Chinese every day.
汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。
辨析:have to 与 must
这两个词都可以表示“必须”。have to 更加强调客观原因,而 must 则强调主观原因;
含有 have to
的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词 do,does 或 did,而 must 本身是情态动词,进行
句型转换时可以直接通过 must 改变。例如:
It is raining, we have to stay at home.
天在下雨,我们不得不待在家里。
We must work hard.
我们必须努力工作。
Lucy doesn't have to stand.
露茜不必站着。
You mustn't play in the street.
你不能在街道上玩。
(2)wait 是不及物动词“等待,等候”的意思。可以用于词组 wait for sb.“等某人”,
wait to do
sth.“等着做某事”,wait for sb to do sth.“等某人做某事”。例如:
Who are you waiting for?
你在等谁?
They can't wait to open the presents.
他们迫不及待地打开礼物。
You can wait for him to help you.
你可以等着他帮你。

6.Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus had already left.
不幸的是,我到那儿的时候,公交车已经走了。
unfortunately
是副词“不幸地”,是由 fortunately 加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词
首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如: lucky(幸运的)-unlucky(不幸
的),use(用)-useful(有用的),forget(忘记)-forgetful(健忘的),un 作前缀表
示“not”的含义,即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如:fit(合适的)-unfit(不合适的),fair
(公平的)-unfair(不公平的),known(闻名的)-unknown(不闻名的)等。

7.Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dad's car and they
gave me a ride.
幸运的是,我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过,他们让我搭了个便车。
(1)come by 意为“经过,走过;获得,获有”。例如:
Please let the car come by.
请让车过去。
Good jobs are not easy to come by.
好工作不容易找到。
与 come 有关的其他词组:
<1>come out”出来;开花;出版”。例如:
The moon has come out.
月亮出来了。
It's too cold for the flowers to come out.
天太冷了,花不开了。
<2>come about”发生,产生”。例如:
Tell me how the accident came about.
告诉我事情是怎么发生的。
<3>come across“(偶然)发现……,遇见……”。例如:
I came across his name on the list.
我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。
<4>come after”继……之后,接……而来”。例如:
Sunday comes after Saturday.
星期天在星期六之后。
<5>come back”回来”。例如:
When did he come back?
他什么时候回来的?
<6>come to oneself”苏醒,醒过来”。例如:
At last, he came to himself.
最后他醒了。
<7>come from”来自”。例如:
Julia comes from Australia.
朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。
(2)give sb a ride 意为“让某人搭便车”。ride 在此为名词“搭车,乘车”的意思 。
get a ride 意为“搭便车”。例如:
Can you give me a ride, Jack?
杰克,能让我搭个便车吗?
I want to get a ride.
我想搭个便车。

8.I only just made it to my class.我恰好到教室。


make it 意为“成功了,做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到,准时到达。例如:
-Have you got the job?
-你得到那份工作了吗?
-Yes, I made it.
-是的,我成功了。

9.Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?


你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗?
(1)辨析:forget to do 与 forget doing
forget to do 指的是“忘了去做……”,即该事还未做;而 forget doing 则指“忘了做了
……”,即该事已经做完。例如:
Don't forget to turn off lights when you go out.
出去时别忘了关灯。
Sorry, I forgot to bring the books again.
对不起,我又忘了带书来了。
Lucy forgot locking the door.
露茜忘了已锁了门了。
Tom forgot turning off TV.
汤姆忘了关了电视了。
(2)辨析:bring, take
bring 意为“把……拿来,取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地; take 意为“把
……拿走,取走”,即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。例如:

Please bring my English book here.


请把我的英语书拿到这儿来。
You can't take these magazines home.
你不能把这些杂志拿回家。

10.What happened to David on April Fool's Day?


愚人节那天,大卫出什么事了吗?
(1)happen to sb 意为“某人怎么了,发生在某人身上”。例如:
What happened to you?
你怎么了?
What happened to Jim?
吉姆出什么事了?
(2)英语中表示节日时须注意以下几点:
<1>表示“在……节”用介词 on;
<2>表示节日的每个词的首字母大写;
<3>用 day 来表示“节”,且无冠词;
<4> 一般用复数名词的所有格,如: Teachers' Day 教师节,Children's Day 儿童节 ,
Women's Day
妇女节等;但也有用单数名词所有格的,如:Mother's Day 母亲节,Father's Day 父亲节
等。例如:
Do you often go to parks on Children's Day?
你们儿童节经常去公园吗?
What do you usually do on New Year's Day?
新年你们通常干什么?
Do your friends play jokes on you on April Fool's Day?
你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗?

11.Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story,


and panic set off across the whole country.
Welles 是如此地让人信任,以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事,进而激起了全国性
的恐慌。
(1)So …that…句型中,so 后面应加一个形容词或副词,意为“如此……以至于…
…”
eg.This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read
it.
这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。(so+形容词)
He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.
他跑得那么快,以致于我跟不上他。(so+副词)
So…that 引导的是表示结果的状语从句,但不“一定要死套”“如此……以至于”的模
式来译成汉语。
eg.It was so dark that he couldn't see the faces of his companions.
天太黑了,他不能看见同伴的脸。
(2)so that
主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和 can,may,should 等情态动
词连用,而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号,意为“以便,使能够”。
eg.They set out early so that they might arrive in time
他们早早地出发以便按时到达。
Let's take the front seats so that we may see more clearly.
我们坐在前排吧,以便可以看得更清楚。
(3)set off 意为“出发,开始;引爆;衬托”。例如:
They'll set off on a journey around the world.
他们将要出发环球旅行。
Use blue eye-shadow to set off your green eyes.
用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。
与 set 有关的其他词组:
<1>set about sth.“开始,着手”。例如:
I must set about my packing.
我必须开始收拾行装了。
<2>set sb.against sb.“使某人和某人竞争、对抗”。例如:
Set yourself against her.
跟她竞争。
<3>set in”开始”。例如:
The rainy season has set in.
雨季已开始了。
<4>set out”出发,启程”。set sth out”展示,陈列”。例如:
They set out at dawn.
他们在拂晓出发。
He sets out his ideas clearly in his essay.
他在这篇文章中明确地列出了他的观点。
<5>set up”建立,设立”。例如:
The memorial will be set up.
纪念碑要建成了。

12.…because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti.


……因为生产意大利面条的农民停止了生产。
辨析:stop doing 与 stop to do
stop doing 指的是“停止做”,即不做了;而 stop to do 则是指“停下来去做”,即停下
来的目的是去做,也就是开始做。例如:
Stop talking, let's begin our class.
不要讲话了,我们开始上课。
You are too fat and you must stop eating too much.
你太胖了,你不能吃那么多了。
Please stop to listen to me
请停下来听我说。
The mother stopped to look after her baby.
那位母亲停下来去照顾她的小宝宝。

13.She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married.


她震惊了,因为她的确想结婚。
(1)thrill 为动词“震颤,使激动”,多用于被动语态 be thrilled,表示“很感动,受到
震颤的”。例如:
We were thrilled with joy.
我们高兴极了。
She thrilled at the good news.
她听到那个好消息很兴奋。
(2)want 在此为动词“想,想要”,其后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式 to do。例如:
Do you want an ice-cream?
你想要个冰激凌吗?
I want some bread and milk.
我想要些面包和牛奶。
Tom wants to learn to play Chinese chess.
汤姆想学下中国象棋。
Does Lucy wants to learn to dance?
露茜想学跳舞吗?
(3)marry 为动词“嫁,娶,结婚”。表示“嫁给某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用
marry sb。
另外,词组 get married 意为“结婚”,但这是一个非延续性动词,即它不能跟表示一段
时间的词连用。be married
也可以用来表示“结婚”,它是一个延续性词组,可以与表示一段时间的词连用。例如:
John is going to marry Jane
约翰要和简结婚了。
Henry didn't marry until he was over fifty.
亨利直到过了 50 岁才结婚。
When are you going to get married?
你准备什么时候结婚?
We have been married for ten years.
我们已经结婚十年了。
His uncle will get married next month.
他叔叔下个月结婚。
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. (P76)我到学校时才发现把书
包落在家了。
(1)had left my backpack at home 这是一个过去完成时的句子,表示在过去某一时间或某一动
作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。
By three o’clock yesterday afternoon we had finished the work.
到昨天下午三点,我们已经完成了工作。
She had learned a lot of English before she went to school.
在上学之前,她已经学会了很多英语。
(2)left 是 leave 的过去式,在此处意为“遗忘”,“忘记”,后面常有地点状语。
Li Min left his dictionary in the reading-room yesterday.
昨天李民把词典忘在阅览室里了。
特别提示
forget 作“遗忘”解时,后面没有“遗忘”的地点。
I have forgotten the book. 我忘记拿书了。
2. My alarm clock didn’t go off, and by the time I woke up, my father had already gone into the
bathroom and I had to wait for him to come out. (P78)我的闹钟坏了,因此等我醒来的时候,
我父亲已经进去洗澡了,我只好等他出来。
(1)go off 是“(闹钟)闹响”的意思,即“发出声音”。
The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went off.
防盗警报器一响,窃贼立刻逃走了。
(2)by the time I woke up 中的 by the time 意为“到……的时候”。
By the time he was ten, Tom built a chemistry lab himself.
等到了十岁的时候,汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。
3. I started walking, but I knew I couldn’t get to school on time. (P78)我开始步行,但我知道我
已经不能按时到达学校了。
(1)start to do sth 和 start doing sth 都表示“开始做某事”,常可相互替换。
At the age of 12, he started writing his own newspaper.
= At the age of 12, he started to write his own newspaper.
他十二岁时,开始编写自己的报纸。
(2)on time 在本句中意为“准时,按规定的时间不早也不迟”。
Li Ming’s father seldom goes work on time. 李明的父亲很少准时上班。
The party began on time that evening. 晚会在那天下午准时举行。
知识拓展
time 表示“……次/倍”时,是可数名词,其复数形式为 times。
How many times did you see the movie? 那部电影你看了几遍?
I have four times as many books as you.我的书是你的 4 倍。
特别提示
in time 意为“及时”。
I will try my best to finish it in time. 我会尽力及时完成。
Will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed?
你来得及在孩子们上床睡觉之前赶回家看看他们吗?
短语链语
all the time 始终、总是, at any time 在任何时候, at the same time 同时, by the time 在……时候
以前, from time to time 偶尔, have a good/bad time 过得快乐/不快乐, in no time 立刻, in time 及
时, many a time 屡次, at times 有时, take one’s time 慢慢来\\别着急, The Times《泰晤士报》
(英国一大报), two times three 2 乘以 3
4. Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride. (P78) 幸
运的是,我的朋友托尼和他的爸爸乘他爸爸的小车过来了,带了我一程。
(1)luckily 是个副词,意为“幸运地,有运气地”,在句中常用作状语。
Luckily, he didn’t hurt himself when he fell. 算他运气好,跌倒了没有受伤。
Luckily, she was in when I called. 真走运,我打电话时她正好在。
(2)give sb a ride 意为“让人搭便车”,其中 ride 是名词。
Please give me a ride to my school, I’m going to be late.
请把我带到学校去,我要迟到了。
If you go to station, I can give you a ride. 如果你去车站,我可以带你一程。
5. When I got to school, the final bell was ringing. I only just made it to my class. (P78) 我到学校
的时候,上课铃正在响。我刚好正点赶到教室上课。
(1) final bell 在此处作“上课铃”解,有时也写为 second bell,而“预备铃”则表示为 first
bell。
(2) made it 在这里表示“到达、赶上”的意思。
You can make it if you hurry. 如果你快一点的话,就会按时赶到的。
6. Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school? (P78)你是否曾经忘记将作业带
到学校了呢?
(1)ever 在这里是“曾经”的意思,常用于现在完成时里,询问对方是否有过某种经历。
Have you ever been to London? 你曾经去过伦敦吗?
知识拓展
◎ever 用于一般疑问句、否定句以及表示条件或比较的从句中,意为“在(以往)任何时
候”,“从来”,“在某时”等。
Nowadays he hardly ever comes. 最近他几乎不来了。
None of us will ever forget that exciting scene.
我们大家永远都不会忘记那个令人激动的场面。
◎ever 用于特殊疑问句中,意为“究竟、到底”。
Which ever do you want? 你究竟要哪一个?
When ever did you lose it? 你究竟什么时候丢失这个东西的?
◎ever 用于含有最高级的从句中,可用来加强语气。
Li Siguang is the greatest scientist that ever lived.李四光是古今最伟大的科学家。
短语链语
◎ever after“从那以后”
They lived happily ever after. 从那以后他们幸福地生活着。
◎ever since“从……以来”
I’ve known him ever since he was a boy. 我从小就认识他。
◎ever so“非常”
Li Xiang is ever so strong. 李翔非常强壮。
◎for ever“永远”
We love our motherland for ever. 我们永远爱我们的祖国。
(2)forgotten to bring 是“忘记带来”的意思,构成 forget to do sth 句型,表示“忘记将要做
某事”(事情还没有做)。
Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
离开房间时不要忘记关灯。
特别提示
forget doing sth 表示“忘记做过某事”(事情做过,但忘了)。
I forgot returning the book to the library.我忘记曾把这本书还给图书馆了。
7. In 1938, a radio program by actor Orson Welles announced that aliens from Mars had landed
on the earth. (P80)1938 年,由 Orson Welles 主持的电台节目宣布来自火星的外星人在地球上
登陆了。
(1)announce 意思是“宣布”,常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。
The new government announced its policy at once.新政府立即宣布了它的政策。
The headmaster announced the result of the exam. 校长宣布考试成绩。
知识拓展
announcer,名词,“宣布者”,“播音员”;announcement 名词,“宣告”,“通告”,
“预告”。
(2)aliens 是“外侨”的意思,在这里指的是“来自另一世界的生物”,与 from Mars 搭配,
表示“来自火星的外星人”。
(3)on the earth 意为“在地球上”,而 in the earth 却是“在地里”,“在地下”的意思。
We live on the earth. 我们生活在地球上。
In the winter some animals hide in the earth. 冬天有些动物藏在地下。
特别提示
on earth 表示“究竟”,“到底”,常用在 who, what, where, when, why 等特殊疑问词后,
以加强疑问的语气;也可以用在否定词之后,以加强否定的语气。
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎么知道的?
Nothing on earth could make him change his mind.无论什么都不能使他改变注意。
◎on earth 还可意为“在世界上”,“世间”,有时用于最高级之后,以加强其含义。
You are the happiest man on earth. 你是世界上最幸福的人。
8. Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across
the whole country. (P80)Welles 的话是如此具有说服力,以至于成百上千人相信了他的话,
全国处于一片恐慌之中。
(1)so...that 在这里引导结果状语从句,表示“如此……以至于……”,that 后面接从句,常
见的句型有:
◎主语+系动词(be, become 等)+so+形容词+that 从句。
The computer is so useful that each of us wants to buy one.
计算机太有用了,我们每个人都想买一台。
◎主语+行为动词+so+副词+that 从句。
He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快,我们追不上他。
◎so...that 后面也可以跟 so many/few 加复数可数名词或 so much/little 加不可数名词。
He had so many falls that he could ride a bike at last.
他摔了很多跤,终于学会了骑车。
There’s so much noise in the meeting room that I can’t hear the speaker clearly.
会议室里的噪音太大,我听不清演讲者的发言。
知识拓展
so...that 句型转换的四种方法
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致,且 that 从句是否定式时,常用 too...to...转换。
The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther.
=The little girl was too tired to walk farther.
这个小女孩太累了,她不能再走路了。
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致,且 that 从句是否定式时,常用 too...for sb to do sth
转换。
The work is so difficult that we can’t finish it in time.
=The work is too difficult for us to finish it in time.
这份工作太难了,我们不能按时完成。
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致,且 that 从句是肯定式时,常用...enough to do sth 转换。
He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.
=He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.他强壮得足以举起那个重箱子。
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致,且 that 从句是肯定式时,常用...enough for sb to do
sth 转换。
He spoke so clearly that I could hear him.
=He spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.他说得很清楚,我能听明白。
特别提示
so that 连在一起使用,意为“为了,以便”,表示目的,此时主句和从句的主语不一定一
致;另外,还可以引导结果状语从句,前面一般用逗号。
Speak louder so that we can hear you. 说大声点儿,以便我们听得见。
She was ill, so that she was unable to go with you. 她病了,不能和你一起去了。
(2)convincing 是由动词 convince 加后缀-ing 构成的形容词,意为“令人信服的、有说服力
的”,主语通常由表示物体的词来担任。
His speech was very convincing. 他的演讲非常有说服力。
◎convince 是及物动词,表示“使……信服”,“使……确信”。
You have convinced me that I should go.你已经说服了我,我应该去。
短语链语
convince sb of sth“使某人相信某事”
特别提示
convinced 作形容词时,表示“坚定不移的、有坚定信仰的”,在句中用作定语,其主语是
人。
Mr Smith is a convinced Christian. 史密斯先生是一个虔诚的基督徒。
(3)短语动词 set off 在本句中是“引起、激起”的意思。
A letter from home set off an attack of homesickness.
一封家信激起了一片思乡之情。
特别提示
set off 在作“出发、动身”解时,与 set out 意思相同。
It was raining when we set off/out. 我们出发时,天还下着雨。
9. One April Fool’s day, a reporter in England announced that there would be no more spaghetti
because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti. (P80) 一个愚人节,有位英
国记者宣称以后不会再有意大利式细面条可以吃了,因为意大利的农民已经停止种植生产
细面条的植物了。
(1)there would be 是 there be 的过去将来时,也可表示为“there was going to be”或“there
were going to be”,意为“过去将有”。
知识拓展
过去将来时由“助动词 would/should+动词原形”构成,表示从过去某个时间看将来要发生
的动作或存在的状态,常运用于宾语从句中。
The students didn’t know where they would go tomorrow.
同学们不知道明天要去哪儿。
Nobody knew where he would go. 没人知道他要去哪里。
◎过去将来时也常可用“助动词 was/were+going to+动词原形”表示。
She said that she was going to speak at the meeting.她说她要在大会上发言。
Li Ping said that she was going to visit her aunt in the town the next Sunday.
李萍说她下个星期日要去拜访住在城里的婶婶。
特别提示
表示位置移动的动词如 come, leave, fly, go, arrive 等,常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划
或安排近期将要发生的动作。
He didn’t say when he was coming here. 他没有说什么时候要来这里。
She told me that she was leaving for Shanghai next week.
她告诉我说她下周要动身去上海。
(2)本句中的 farmer 意为“农夫、农场主、经营农业者”,主要指经营农场的人,主要
用于英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、美国等,因为这些国家的农业以农场经营为主。
Are you a farmer? 你是个农民吗?
特别提示
peasant 意为“农民”,常指非英语国家的雇农、佃农或自耕农。在我们国家,目前将“农
民”都译为 peasant。
What’s the old peasant saying to them? 那位老农在对他们说什么?
10. By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country
had been bought. (P80)当人们意识到这是一个骗局的时候,全国的意大利面条都已被买完了。
have been bought 是现在完成时的被动语态,其构成为:has/have been+过去分词。
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
人造卫星已被许多国家发射到太空。
特别提示
现在完成时被动语态结构中有两个过去分词,其中 has/have 为助动词,因此其各种句型
转换均应借助于 has/have 来完成。构成否定句时直接在 has/have 后面加 not,构成一般
疑问句时将 has/have 提前。
Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗?
His homework hasn’t been finished. 他的家庭作业还没有写完。
11. A famous TV star once invited his girlfriend onto his show on April Fool’s Day. (P80)从前,
有位著名的电视明星在愚人节那天邀请他的女友参加他的演出。
本句中的 show 用作名词,表示“演出”,“展览”。
The show begins at eight o’clock. 演出 8 点钟开始。
There is going to be an art show next week. 下周有一个美术展览。
知识拓展
show 作动词时,表示“给……看”,“出示……”。
He showed his ticket at the door.他在门口出示了门票。
短语链语
on show 表示“展览、陈列”,相当于 on display。
12. She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married. (P80) 她很激动,因为她真的想
结婚。
(1)thrilled 是形容词,意为“非常激动的、非常兴奋的”,常用来说明一个人的心情。
He was thrilled when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时很激动。
She was thrilled and shy when she heard “I love you” from her boy friend.
当她听到她男朋友说“我爱你”的时候,她很激动也很害羞。
(2)get married 是固定短语,意为“结婚”,表示动作;而 be married 表示状态,意为“结
婚了”,这两个短语都可以和介词 to 连用。
She’s married to my brother. 她嫁给了我哥哥。
They’re saving up to get married. 他们储蓄准备结婚。
魔力纠错
他和我的一个朋友结了婚。
误:He was married with a friend of mine.
正:He was married to a friend of mine.
魔力解析
当表示“与……结婚”时,marry 用作及物动词,其后接介词 to,而不能用 with。
特别提示
marry 是短暂性动词,当表示“结婚多长时间”时,要用 be married。
Lucy married Robert two years ago.
= Lucy has been married to Robert for two years.
=It is two years since Lucy married Robert.
=Two years have passed since Lucy married Robert. 露茜和罗伯特结婚两年了。
知识拓展
◎问某人“婚否”时应说 Are you married?或 Is he married?等;如果“未婚”,可以说 I’m
single.。
◎问某人“何时结的婚”应说 When were you married?或 When did you get married?。
Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?(P86) 请问洗手间在哪里?
本句是问路或问处所的常用语,通常应先说 excuse me,以引起对方注意,也表示尊重对方。
Excuse me. Could you tell me where Xianfeng Middle School is?
打扰了。请问先锋中学在哪儿?
知识拓展
问路的表示法
英语中表达问路或处所的句式有不少,下面介绍几种常用的问路的方法。
试译:打扰了。请问去书店怎么走?
Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the bookshop?
Excuse me. Could you tell me how I can get to the bookshop?
Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to the bookshop?
Excuse me. Could you tell me where the bookshop is?
Excuse me. Which is the way to the bookshop, please?
Excuse me. Where’s the bookshop, please?
Excuse me. How can I get to the bookshop, please?
2. ...because my friends hang out there. (P88)……因为我的朋友都在那儿闲逛。
hang out 常用于美语口语中,意为“闲逛”。还可以表示“常去某处”的意思。
Where do you hang out these days?这些日子你们都在什么地方闲逛来着?
知识拓展
动词 hang 是“悬挂”,“吊”,“吊死”等意思。可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。
He remained hanging in mid-air, saved by the belt.
他吊在半空中,安全带救了他。
A full moon hung in the sky on Mid-autumn Day.
中秋那天,一轮圆月挂在天空。
The last Ming emperor hanged himself from this tree.
明朝最后一个皇帝就是在这棵树上吊死的。
特别提示
同学们可能已经注意到,以上句子中的动词过去式用的不同。hang 表示“悬挂”,“吊”
的意思时,是不规则动词,过去式和过去分词形式是 hung,而意为“吊死”时,是规则动
词。魔力纠错
① 同学们把一幅世界地图挂在左边墙上。
误:The students hanged a map of the world on the wall to the left.
正:The students hung a map of the world on the wall to the left.
② 总有一天恐怖分子将被人民处以绞刑。
误:The terrorists will be hung by the people some day.
正:The terrorists will be hanged by the people some day.
3. There’s always something happening.(P88)总是有事情发生。
本句是 there be 句型的一个固定结构,即 there be+sb/sth+doing sth,意为“有……在做…
…”。
My friend said there was a truck collecting rubbish outside.
我的朋友说外面有一辆卡车正在收集垃圾。
There is a Mr Wang waiting to see you outside your office.
有一个姓王的人在门外等着要见你。
知识拓展
◎ there be+sb/sth+to do sth,表示“主语将做某事”。
There will be some Australian students to come to our class.
有几个澳大利亚的学生要到我们班里来。
◎ there be 也可不表示“存在”意义,常以否定句的形式出现时,用于对某一具体行为和抽
象概念的否定,其句型是 there is+no+doing sth。
There is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。
There is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时回来。
There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。
4. I also like to look at books in the bookstore. (P88)我也喜欢在书店里看书。
汉语的“看书”既可表示“阅读”的意思,也可表示“翻看一下”,“随便看看”。英语
的表达在词语上就有所不同了。请“看”区别。
He looks at that book, takes it down and reads it carefully.
他看了看那本书,然后拿下来,认真地读了起来。
looks at that book 与 read it(the book)在内容上是完全不同的。look at that book 仅指“看书”,
用来表示“看了看”,不是以阅读为目的;而 read it(the book)则是“读了读”书中的内容。
5. Go past the park, and turn left onto Oak Street. (P88)走过公园,然后向左拐到橡树街。
go past the park...是一种指路方式,go past 表示“走过”的意思,past 是介词,意为“途
经”,“经过”。
When she went past the parking, Mary saw a man standing at a new car.
当玛丽走过停车场时,看见一个人站在一辆新车旁。
【友情链接】常见的指路表达式有:
Walk along/down this road, and take the first crossing on the right.
沿着这条路向前走,在第一个十字路口向右拐。
Go along this street, and turn right.顺着这条路向前走,然后向右拐。
Walk on and turn left, and you will see the tall building on the right.
继续向前走,然后左拐,在右边你就会看见那栋高楼了。
Go along/down this street to the traffic lights, and turn left.
沿着这条路向前走,一直到交通灯处,然后向左拐。
6. ...and eat at Uncle Bob’s. (P90)……在鲍伯叔叔的小店吃饭。
当名词表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格所修饰的名词常常省去。
Uncle Bob’s 是名词“‘s”所有格的一种特殊用法。在表示店铺,餐馆,某种职业,某人的
家等名词的所有格后面的名词,常可以省略。如 at the doctor’s=at the doctor’s clinic“在大夫
的诊所”; at Mr Green’s=at Mr Green’s home“在格林先生家里”。
特别提示
在表示店铺、场所及姓氏的名词前,要用定冠词 the,在表示称呼语的名词前,要加物主代
词。
7. They have organized games and the staff dressed up as clowns. (P90)他们组织游戏活动,工
作人员打扮成小丑的模样。
◎dress 作为及物动词,指穿衣服的动作,后面不用表示衣服的名词作宾语,但可用指人的
名词或代词作宾语,表示给某人穿衣服。
She dressed her children quickly.她很快给孩子们穿上衣服。
◎dress 的过去分词 dressed 与 get 连用表示“穿上衣服”。
Let’s get dressed and leave at once.咱们穿好衣服马上出发。
◎dress up 是“化装”,“穿上盛装”,“打扮”的意思。
They all dressed up as PLA men.他们都打扮成解放军的模样。
She likes to dress up for a party.她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮去参加晚会。
8. make a telephone call(P86)打个电话
Mr Tan makes the best noodles in town. (P91)谭先生是镇上面条做得最好的。
make 是英语中非常活跃的一个单词。
◎ 用于打电话。第一句中的 make 后接表示电话的词语,是“打电话”的意思。make a
telephone call 相当于动词 call, ring, phone, telephone 等。
试译:我给格林先生打个电话。
① I call/ring/phone/telephone Mr Green.
② I call/ring/phone Mr Green up.
③ I give Mr Green a ring/call.
④ I make a telephone call to Mr Green.
◎ 表示“做”,“制作”。第二句中的 make 表示“(用材料或零件)做,制作,制造,
建造或创造某物”,其所制造的产品通常是由一个或几个部分组成的。
Mother made a big cake for Michael on his birthday.
妈妈为迈克尔生日做了一个大蛋糕。
The workers are making cars in the factory. 工人们在工厂里生产汽车。
He is good at making toy cars. 他擅长做儿童玩具。
【友情链接】make 还有一个重要用法,表示“使”的意思,在历年的中考中都有它的考点。
这一用法主要掌握两点:(1)在主动语态中,后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去 to;
(2)在被动语态中后接不定式作主语补足语时,一定要加上 to。
The boss made his employees work two more hours.
老板使他的雇员又工作了两个小时。
Maria was made to leave the company.玛丽亚被迫离开了公司。
9. ...“Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me.”(P92)……“ 打扰了,我不知道您是否能帮帮
我”。
动词 wonder 在不同的句子结构中表达的意思不同:
(1)后接“who, what, why 等疑问词引导的宾语从句”,“疑问词+不定式”时,表示“想知
道”。
The teacher wondered why she was late.老师想知道她为什么迟到。
He wondered what happened.他想知道发生了什么事情。
I’m just wondering how to do it.我正想知道怎么做那件事。
(2)后接“that 引导的宾语从句”,“不定式短语”时,表示“感到惊奇,对……感到惊
讶”。
I wonder that he was off office.我对他下岗感到惊讶。
I wonder to see her looking so cheerful. 我很惊讶地发现她如此高兴。
(3)后接 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句时,表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。
I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.
我不知道你是否能帮我一下。
She wondered whether you were free that morning.
她不知道那天上午你是否有空。

Unit 12 You’re supposed to shak hands.

重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. You’re supposed to shake hands.(P94)你们应该握手。
be supposed to 用来表示根据规定或按照法律人们不得不做的事,或期待将要发生的事,与
should 相似,后面也是接动词原形。否定形式在 be 动词后加 not,常表示禁止做某事。
We’re supposed to make no noise in class. 在课堂上我们不该发出噪音。
We’re supposed to start work at 8∶00 every morning.
我们应该每天早晨八点开始工作。
2. Spending time with family and friends is very important to us. (P96)与家人和朋友共度时光对
我们非常重要。
Spending time with family and friends 是动名词短语,在本句中作主语。动名词(短语)作
主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如果是并列的动名词(短语)作主句时,谓语
动词用复数形式。
Reading in bed is not good for your eyes. 在床上看书对眼睛不好。
Reading and writing take me a lot of time. 读书写作花了我不少时间。
不定式(短语)也可作主语,两者的区别在“语法天地”中有详解。
3. We’re the land of watches, after all! (P96)毕竟我们是手表的国度。
句中的 land 意为“国土”,“国家”。它还可以表示 “陆地”,与河流和海洋相对;也
可以表示“土地”,可耕种的田地就叫做 land。
We traveled by land until we reached the sea.我们沿陆路旅行,直到看见大海。
All the waste land in this area has been opened up.这个地区的荒地全被开垦了。
知识拓展
与“土地”,“地”相关的词语还有 earth, soil 和 ground。
◎ earth 意为“地”,“地球”,“泥土”。它着重指“大地”,区别于“天空”。
The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
◎ soil 意为“土地”,“土壤”,尤指生长植物的土地。
The soil is very thin in the forest.森林里土层非常薄。
◎ ground 意为“地”,“地面”,主要指大地表面。不论是泥地,沙地或水泥地,均可用
这个词表示;也可以用来指运动场地。
The ground is covered with leaves in the woods.树林里的地面上落满了树叶。
4. You’re not supposed to make noise while eating noodles. (P97)吃面条的时候你不应该弄出响
声来。
句 中的 while eating noodles 是 while 接从 句的 省略 形式 ,该 句完 整形 式是 while you are
eating noodles。由 while 和 when 引导的时间状语从句,如果主语和主句的主语相同,从句
中的主语和 be 动词常可省略。
While/When (she was)leaving the house, she was heard to make some commonplace remark to
her husband.有人听到她在离开房间时同他的丈夫寒暄。
5. It’s rude to point at anyone with your chopsticks. (P97)用筷子指着别人是无礼的。
本句是主系表结构,不定式短语是真正的主语, it 是形式主语。句中 point 意为“指”,
“指向”,常构成短语 point at, point to 和 point out。
◎point to 和 point at 都含有“指着”的意思,两者一般可以互换。
The teacher is pointing at/to the map on the wall.老师指着墙上的地图。
◎但主语是事物时,一般用 point to 作谓语。point at 可以分开使用,即 point 后直接跟名词
或代词作宾语,再跟介词 at 表示方向,意为“把……指向”,而 point to 却不能分开使用。
The soldier pointed his gun at the doctor.士兵用枪指着医生。
◎point out 意为“指出”,其中 out 是副词。如果它后面的宾语是代词,则必须把该宾语放
在 out 之前。
Please point out the mistakes in my composition.请指出我作文中的错误。
Luckily, the man knew Mr Green and pointed him out to us.
幸好这个人认识格林先生,于是便把他指给我们看。
6. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me like it used to. (P98) 虽然我还是出
了不少错,但它(法语)不像以前那样让我烦恼。
(1)mistake 意为“错误”,“过失”,可数名词,常指由于认识,理解或判断上的失误
造成行为或看法上的错误,也指因粗心,疏忽,技术不熟练等而犯的错误。通常与 make
连用构成 make mistakes/a mistake“出错”,“犯错误”。
Anyone can make a mistake. 人人都会犯错误。
He only made two mistakes in grammar today. 他今天只犯了两个语法错误。
(2)bother 意思是“烦扰,打扰”,常用作及物动词。
Hot weather bothers me. 炎热的天气使我烦恼。
7. I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to things, and don’t
find them so strange any more. (P98)我发现将这一切全记住很难,但慢慢就对这些东西习惯
了,也就不再觉得它们很怪异了。
(1)find it difficult to remember everything 中的 it 是形式宾语,动词不定式短语是真正的宾
语,形容词 difficult 是宾补。
I found it hard to do the work all by myself.我发现独自一人干这活很难。
I think it useful to read English in the morning. 我认为早晨读英语很有用。
(2)be used to sth/doing(sth)是中学英语学习中的重点、难点,也是中考考点。常与 used to
do sth 和 be used to do sth 一起进行考查。
◎be used to 是“习惯于”的意思,可用于各种时态。其中 to 是介词,后面接名词、代词或
动词-ing 形式。
She isn’t used to living in the country.她不习惯住在乡下。
We’ve been used to hard work.我们已经习惯干累活了。
◎强调界限性的状态,说明从不习惯到习惯时,常在 used 前面用 get 或 become 代替 be。这
种现象尤其常见于将来时态和完成时态中。
You will soon get used to the weather here.你很快就会习惯这里的天气的。
◎有时 be used to do 是动词 use 的被动语态形式,意为“被用来……”。在这种结构里,to
是动词不定式符号。
Man-made satellites are used to send and receive TV programs.
人造卫星用来发射和接收电视节目。
Steel may be used to make machines.钢可以用来制造机器。
8. Questions crowded my mind. (P99)我的脑海涌现出一些疑问。
crowd 表示“大量涌入”,在此句中的 crowd 是比喻用法, 含义是“涌入”。
Disturbing thoughts crowded into my mind. 我心乱如麻。
Tourists crowded the beach. 游客挤满了海滩。
9. ...your teachers will not be pleased if you write e-mail English in a test!(P101)…… 如果你在
测试中用电子邮件英语老师会不高兴的。
please“使高兴”,相关词语有 pleased, pleasure 与 pleasant。
Does the cloth please you?这布料合你的意吗?
The Emperor was pleased by what the Minister told him about the cloth.
听了大臣关于布料的禀报,皇帝非常高兴。
【友情链接】这四个词都有“满意”,“高兴”的意思,但词性和用法不相同。
◎ please 是动词,可用作及物动词或不及物动词,表示“(使)高兴,满意,愉快”。
◎ pleased 是过去分词,意为“感到高兴(满意)”,其作用相当于形容词,常与 be 连用,
后接介词 at, with, by 等引起的短语,还可接动词不定式或 that 从句。
◎ pleasure 是名词,表示“高兴”,“快乐”,“娱乐”时,为不可数名词;表示“乐趣,
高兴的事”时,为可数名词。如:It is one of my greatest pleasures.它是我最大的乐趣之一。
◎pleasant 是形容词,意为“使人感到愉快(满意)”,一般用作定语。如主语指物,也可
用作表语。
10. seat 与 sit“坐”不同
◎ seat 通常用作及物动词,与反身代词连用,或用 be seated 这一形式(这种用法不如 sit 普
通),seat 还可作“能坐……人”解,主语往往是地方。
Be seated, everybody!大家请坐吧。
That cinema can seat 2,000 people.那家电影院能坐两千人。
◎ sit 通常作不及物动词,不需要宾语。
In the bus we sat together.在公共汽车里我们坐在一起。

unit13-15-新目标九年级英语全册知识详解
Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad.
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. I’d rather go to the Blue Lagoon Restaurant... (P102)我宁愿去 Blue
Lagoon 餐厅,……
would rather 意为“宁愿……”,表示句子主语的愿望、选择,后接省去 to 的不定式。
He’d rather join you in the English Group. 他宁愿加入到你的英语小组中来。
Which would you rather have, bread or rice? 面包和米饭,你更喜欢哪一个?
如果表示“宁愿(可)……也不愿……”则用句型 would rather...than...。在 would
rather 和 than 后面所连接的两个对比部分一般要一致。
The brave soldier would rather die than give in.那个勇敢的士兵宁死不屈。
He’d rather work than play. 他宁愿工作也不愿玩。
They preferred to die of hunger rather than take his bread.
他们宁愿饿死也不愿接受他的面包。
2. Loud music makes me happy. (P103)嘈杂的音乐使我很开心。
Loud music always makes me want to dance. (P103)嘈杂的音乐总是使我想去跳舞。
这两句是动词 make 的使役用法,make me 后分别接了形容词和不定式短语。make 的这
种用法常见于以下结构:
◎ make+名词(代词)+省略 to 的动词不定式
My parents often make me do some other homework. 我父母常让我做些其他的作业。
特别提示
这一结构中的不定式短语在主动结构中是宾语补足语,必须省去 to,变为被动结构时,
不定式短语作主语补足语,这时必须带 to。
She was made to work for the night shift. 她不得不上夜班。
◎make+名词/代词+-ed 分词短语
What made them so frightened?什么使他们这样害怕?
Can you make yourself understood in English?你能用英语把意思表达清楚吗?
◎make+名词/代词+介词短语或名词短语
She made him her assistant. 她委派他做自己的助手。
Sit down and make yourselves at home, everyone.大家请坐,不要拘束。
◎make+名词(代词)+形容词或形容词短语。
The good news made us happy. 这条好消息使我们很高兴。
3. ... small restaurants can serve many people every day.
(P104)……小饭店每天就可以多接待些顾客。
句中的 serve 有“服侍,侍候,招待”等意思,常用于以下结构中:
◎ serve+宾语
They were busy serving the day’s last buyers.他们正忙着接待这天的最后一批顾客。
Nobody can serve two masters. 一人不能侍奉二主。
◎ serve sb sth, 或 serve sth to sb
Mrs Turner served us a very good dinner.
=Mrs Turner served a very good dinner to us.
特纳太太招待我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
◎ serve sb with sth
We served them with beer and wine. 我们用啤酒和红酒招待他们。
4. However, some advertising can be confusing or misleading.
(P106)可是,一些广告可能会混淆黑白或误导消费。
confusing 与 misleading 是两个现在分词,相当于形容词,意思分别是“感到混消的”和
“误导的”,在句中作表语,主语通常是表示物的名词或代词,如本句中的用法;也可以
用作定语,既可修饰表示人的名词或代词,也可以修饰表示物的名词或代词。
They can be some confusing or misleading advertisements.
它们可能是一些混淆黑白或误导消费的广告。
What he said made us confusing.他说的话令我们感到困惑。
5. At times an ad can lead you to buy something you don’t need at
all.(P106) 有时,一则广告会诱导你去买你根本就不需要的东西。
at times 意为“有时,不时”,与 sometimes 同义。两者在句中的位置较灵活,可位于句
首,句中或句末。
At times I make mistakes when I speak English. 我说英语时有时会出错。
They went to town at times during the cold winter.在寒冷的冬天,他们有时候进城去。
Sometimes they walk to school. 有时候,他们步行上学。
He sometimes plays football with his friends. 他有时和朋友一起踢足球。
6. To start with, it was raining, and rainy days make me sad.
(P107)起初,天在下雨,雨天使我心情很不好。
◎ start with 作“首先”解时,只用于动词不定式,在句中常常以插入语的形式出现。
To start with, the computer room must be kept very clean.
首先,计算机工作室必须保持清洁。
Our group had five members, to start with.刚开始,我们小组只有五个人。
◎ start with 可表示“从……开始”;“先从某事做起”,与 begin...with 是同义词组。
反义词组是 end with“以……结束”。
He started/began with the aim of injuring others only to end up by ruining
himself.他本想损害别人,结果只害了自己。
The meeting ended with a speech given by the chairman.会议以主席的讲话结束。
He wanted to start/begin with the smallest country and end with the
largest one.
他打算先去最小的国家,最后去最大的国家。

start 单独使用时,意为“开始”,可用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时,其
后跟名词、代词,也可跟动词不定式或动名词形式。begin 是 start 的同义词,两者在用法上
没有很大差别,只是 start 侧重动作的突然开始。
As soon as we got there, it started raining.我们一到那儿就下雨了。
When did we start/begin this lesson?我们是什么时候开始讲这一课的?
7. ...some people would rather just give money.(P108)……有些宁愿只给钱。
句中的 would rather 是 would
rather...than...的省略形式,意为“宁愿……而不……”,表示主观愿望。使用这一结构
要注意两个比较的部分对等。
You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a
party.
你宁愿待在家里看一本好书也不愿去参加舞会。
I would rather have the small one than the big one.我宁愿要小的,不要大的。
特别提示
比较的部分如果是动词,than 后应是动词原形。
8. I prefer to receive a gift... (P108)我宁愿接受一件……礼物。
prefer 表示选择时,可用两种句型。
(1)prefer+名词或动名词+to+名词或动名词。
They prefer red to blue.与蓝色相比,他们更喜欢红色。
I preferred doing something to doing nothing.我喜欢做点什么,而不喜欢闲着。
(2)prefer+不定式或名词+rather than+不带 to 的动词不定式。
He preferred to walk there rather than go by bus.
他喜欢走着去那儿,不喜欢乘公共汽车。
She prefers to read rather than sit idle.她喜欢读书而不愿闲坐着。
Unit 14 Have you packed yet?
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. Sorry I couldn’t get back to you sooner. (P112)很抱歉我没能尽快给你回复。
这是在 E-mail message 回复中的常用语,句中“get back to sb”的意思是“以后再答复”。
I can’t give you a definite answer now but I’ll get back to you about it
soon.
我现在不能给你一个明确的回答,但我很快会给你答复的。
2. In the past twelve months, they’ve had three major concerts and made a
hit CD. (P114)在过去的十二个月里,他们举办了三场较大的音乐会,出版了一张很受欢
迎的 CD 唱片。
(1)“in the
past+时间段”常用于完成时的句子中,表示“在过去的……时间里”,past 是形容词,
可以用 last 来替换,而 past/last 的后面通常要使用“数字+名词”的结构。
In the past/last two years, she has studied English very hard.
在过去的两年里,她一直在努力地学英语。
(2)短语 make a hit 表示“大获成功”、“(演出等)大受欢迎;受到赞扬”等,hit
是名词,表示成功而风行一时的事物,如电影,歌曲,演出等。
Zhou Jielun has just made a hit CD. 周杰伦刚出版了一盘轰动一时的 CD。
His song was a great hit. 他的歌曲轰动一时。
He made a great hit in teaching. 他曾在教学上获得了巨大的成功。
3. And then they’re going to go on a world tour in which they will perform
in ten different cities. (P114)然后,他们将去世界各地旅行并在十个城市巡回演出。
...in which they will perform in ten different
cities 是定语从句,先行词是 tour,在关系代词 which 前介词 in 通常的位置是在动词
perform 的后面。本句为了避免与 in two
different
cities 短语中的 in 重复,将 perform 后的第一个 in 前置。句中 perform 主要指扮演角色,
演奏某种乐器,演出某一节目,侧重能力,技巧,效果,可用作及物动词和不及物动词。
The magician performed wonderful tricks. 魔术师表演了精彩的魔术。
He performs perfectly on the piano. 他的钢琴演奏太棒了。
4. Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you — if you can
get tickets, that is. (P114)如果他们来到你附近的城市,千万不要错过——当然,如果你
能弄到票的话。
(1)句中的 that is 表示“确切地;换句话说;也就是”,用来表达一个准确的说法,
即对前面的内容加以准确地说明。
She’s a housewife — when she’s not teaching English, that is.
她是个家庭主妇——是指她不教英语的时候。
(2)句中 miss 是“错过”,后接名词、代词或 v-ing 形式,不可接不定式。
They missed the train by two minutes.他们差两分钟没赶上火车。
I came late and missed seeing the beginning of the movie.
我来晚了,没有看见电影的开始部分。
miss 还可表示“丢失”、“失去”,与 lose 同义。
5. ...but we really hope to have a number one hit some day.
(P114)……但是我们真的希望有朝一日我们制作出能卖得最好的一首歌。
some day 意为“将来某一日”,等于 someday,与 one day 是近义词。some day/someday
只表示将来,不表示过去。而 one
day 用在过去时的句子里是“有一天”的意思,用在将来时的句子里是“将有一天”,
与 some day/someday 可互换。
He will be a scientist some day.总有一天他会成为科学家。
I hope to see you one day/someday.我希望有一天会看到你。
One day last summer they made a trip to the country.
去年夏天某日他们到乡间旅行。
试译:你一定要有一天来看我。
You must come one day to see me.
You must come some day to see me.
You must come to see me someday.
魔力纠错
他有一天来看了我。
误:He came some day to see me.
正:He came one day to see me.
6. ...as a part of the “In Search of Roots” summer camp program.
(P116)……作为“寻根”夏令营活动的一部分。
in search for 是固定短语,for 后面的名词同样必须是“寻找的目标”,不是“搜寻的对
象”。search 前常出现 a
或 one’s 等词对 search 加以限定或修饰,这个短语也常作目的状语。
The soldiers were sent in a search for the missing aircraft.
士兵们被派去搜寻失踪的飞机。
So far, they have been unlucky in their search for gold and have no money
at all.
到现在为止,他们寻找金子的运气一直不好,而且他们身上也没钱了。
知识拓展
search 的基本用法
(1)search 的动词用法。
◎ search 不与介词或副词搭配时是及物动词,表示“搜查”的意思,其后通常接处所或
人物名词,表示搜查的对象。
He even searched my home without any reason.
他甚至毫无理由地搜查了我的家。
I’ve searched my memory, but can’t remember that man’s name.
我苦思良久,仍然记不起那人的名字。
They searched every part of the building. 他们对全楼进行了搜查。
◎ search 用不及物动词,后面接介词 for
和 after,构成及物性动词短语,两者是“搜寻,寻找”的意思,表示花费极大的气力去
搜寻某个特定的目标,常含有对立或不对立的意味,两者可以通用,只不过 search
for 更常见些。
For a whole day they searched for/after the lost child.
他们找了一天这个丢失的孩子。
7. ...and so far has brought thousands of overseas Chinese students...
(P116) ……到目前为止,它带来了成千上万的海外华裔学生……
so far 意思是“到目前为止”,常用于完成时,表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在,
强调到目前为止的情况,可位于句首,也可位于句末。
So far, no man has traveled farther than the moon.
到现在为止,还没有人到过比月球更远的地方。
How many travelers have been to Disneyland so far?
到现在为止有多少旅客到过迪斯尼乐园?
So far we haven’t got any news from them.
到目前为止,我们还没有得到他们的任何消息。
8. Most, like Robert, can hardly speak any Chinese, and have never been
to China before. (P116) 像罗伯特一样,大多数人几乎都不会说中文,而且以前从来没有
到过中国。
(1)hardly 是一个否定副词,表示“几乎不,简直不”,相当于 almost
not,含有否定的意义,故在句中不能另加否定词。切莫将 hardly 误认为是由 hard+ly 构
成的副词。此外,hardly 位于句首时,要用倒装语序。
I hardly know what to say. 我简直不知道说什么好。
Hardly can I move this heavy desk. 我简直移不动这张重桌子。
— Can you catch what I said?你能听懂我说的话吗?
— Sorry, I can hardly understand it.对不起,我几乎听不懂。
(2)have been 后面接 to 表示某人“去过某地,现在已经回来了”,可用于各种人称。
Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你曾经去过上海吗?
He has been to America twice. 他到美国去过两次。
【友情链接】have gone to 与 have been in 的用法
have gone 表示某人“去某地了”,不论是在途中还是到了目的地,重点是强调这个人
已经不在说话人所在的地方了,常用于第三人称;have been
in,则表示一直“呆在某个地方”,常与表示一段时间状语连用。
Henry has gone to London. 亨利到伦敦去了。
They have been in Beijing for two weeks.
他们在北京已经有两个星期了。
10. Thanks to In Search of Roots... (P116)多亏“寻根”……
【知识归纳】thanks, thanks to 与 thanks for 的用法
◎ thanks 是名词 thank 的复数形式,意为“感谢”。表示“感谢”之意,可以说:
Thanks a lot.
Many thanks.
A thousand thanks.
◎ thanks to 是介词词组,后面可以接名词或代词,意为“多亏”;“由于”,在句中作
原因状语。
Thanks to the old man, we found the lost child at last.
多亏那个老人,我们最后找到了失踪的孩子。
◎ thanks for 用于对别人已做的事表示感谢,后接名词,代词,或 v-ing 形式。
Thanks for sending me such a nice present.谢谢你寄来这么好的礼品。
A thousand thanks for your help.非常感谢你的帮助。
Unit 15 We’re trying to save the manatees!
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. In 1972, it was discovered that they are endangered.(P119)
1972 年,人们发现它们已经濒于灭绝。
was discovered 是一般过去时的被动语态,discover“发现”,近义词为 find 和 invent。
【友情链接】discover, invent 与 find
◎discover 指发现过去所不知道的东西,新奇或意外的东西。
Coal was first discovered and used in China.
中国首先发现并使用了煤。
Columbus discovered America on the 12th of October, 1492.
1492 年 10 月 12 日,哥伦布发现了美洲。
◎invent 意为“发明”,即创造出以前从未存在过的东西。
Edison invented the electric lamp.爱迪生发明了电灯。
Radio had just been invented then.那时无线电刚刚发明出来。
◎find 意为“找到”,侧重于找到过去丢失的人或物,但有时也表示凭经验或偶然发现
了一种东西。
Today, corn is found all over the world.今天,全世界都有了玉米。
She found him a very good pupil.她发现他是个非常好的学生。
◎有时 find 和 discover 可以互相替代,意思相同。
His notebook was found/discovered in the desk.
他的笔记本是在课桌里找到的。
2. Some of the swamps have become polluted. (P119)一些沼泽地受到了污染。
have become polluted
中的 become 是连系动词,polluted 是过去分词。这种“系动词+过去分词”结构,意思上也
接近被动语态。
The slodier got wounded(接近 were wounded)in the battle.
这几名战士在这场战斗中受了伤。
A few minutes later, the ground became/was covered with snow.
几分钟后地上尽是雪。
3. They provide homes for many endangered animals...
(P120)他们为许多濒临灭绝的动物提供家园……
provide 是及物动词,意为“提供”,“供给”。表示“提供……人……物件”是
provide...with...;“提供……给……人”是 provide...for...。
The school provides us with all the materials we need.
学校提供我们所需要的一切资料。
We are provided with everything we need for work.
我们被提供了工作所需要的一切。
The school provides all the books we need for us.
学校为我们提供我们需要的书籍。
【友情提示】
◎ provide for 是“供养”的意思。
He has a large family to provide for. 他要养活一个大家庭。
4. ...and help to educate the public about caring for them.
(P120)……并且帮助教育公众关爱它们。
care for 表示“喜欢”,“关心”之意,后接名词或 v-ing 形式作宾语,take care of 也有
这个意思。
He cared nothing for skating. 他对滑冰没有兴趣。
In our class, we care for each other. 在我们班上,我们相互关心。
Maria takes good care of everybody. 玛丽亚很关心大家。
【友情链接】care for 还可以表示“照顾”,“照料”,相当于 take care of 或 look
after。
At night he fed and cared for the cattle. 夜里他照料牲口,给牲口喂食。
You must care for yourselves.
=You must look after yourselves.
你们要照顾好自己。
The children are well cared for in the nurseries.
=The children are taken good care of in the nurseries.
孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。
5. turn off the shower while you are washing your hair. (P121)洗头的时候关掉淋浴。
(1)turn off 表示“关掉”,用在关掉收音机,煤气,自来水等场合。与其相关的几个
短语是 turn on“打开”,turn
down“关小”,turn up“开大”。
(2)句中 while 与 when 是同义词,都可以用从属连词,引导状语从句表示时间,意思
都是“当(在)……的时候”,但二者之间是有区别的。
【友情链接】while 与 when 的用法
◎ when 的含义是 at or during the time
that,既可用于指一点时间(从句的谓语动词需用终止性动词),也可用于指一段时间
(从句的谓语动词用延续性动词),从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态能同
时发生,或一先一后发生。
He wants to help people when they are ill.
他想在人们生病的时候帮助他们。
When he got to Shanghai, the ship had already set off.
他到达上海时,轮船已经开走了。
◎ while 的含义是 during the time
that,只能用于指一段时间(从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的),从句与主句里面的谓语
动词所表示的动作只能同时发生,不能一先一后发生。
While I was reading, my mother was washing clothes.
我读书时,妈妈在洗衣服。
◎这两个词还可以用作并列连词。when 表示“在那时”或“这时突然”,相当于 and
just at that
time 的意思,用来连接两个并列分句,有时 when 分句之前有逗号把前后两个分句分开。
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain.
我一直呆到太阳下山,这时天开始下雨了。
◎ while 意为“而”,“却”,表示对照关系。
Some like collecting stamps, while others like planting flowers.
有些人喜欢集邮,而有些人却喜欢种花。
6. You have probably never heard of Amy Winterbourne. (P122) 你可能从来没有听说过
Amy
Winterbourne。
【知识归纳】hear, hear from, hear of 与 hear that clause 的用法:
(1)hear 单独使用表示“听见”,“听到”,常用的结构有:
◎ hear sb/sth“听到某人或某物的声音”。
I can’t hear you at all. 我根本就听不到你的声音。
Haven’t you heard anything? 难道你没有听到什么声音?
◎ hear sb do sth“听到某人做某事”。
I often hear Li Ping read English in the morning.
我经常在早晨听到李平读英语。
◎ hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”。
I heard him singing in the next room.我听见他正在隔壁房间里唱歌。
特别提示
hear sb do sth 指听到整个行动或整个事件;而 hear sb doing sth 是指听到了行动的一部分,
有正在发生的意思。试比较:
I heard the boy go down the stairs.我听到这个男孩走下楼去。
I heard the boy going down the stairs 我听到这个男孩下楼的声音。
(2)hear from 意为“收到……的信”;“得到……消息”。
How often do you hear from your father? 你每隔多久收到你父亲的信?
Have you still not heard from him? 你还没有收到他的信吗?
I haven’t heard from him since he telephoned.
自从他打电话以来,我一直没有他的消息。
特别提示
hear from 的宾语是表示人的名词或代词,而不是表示信件的名词。
魔力纠错
我们好几个星期未收到他的信了。
误:We haven’t heard from his letter for weeks.
正:We haven’t heard from him for weeks.
正:We haven’t got a letter from him for weeks.
(3)hear of 意为“听说”,后面接名词,代词或动名词。
I’ve never heard of that before.我以前从未听说过那件事。
She disappeared and was never heard of again.
她不知去向了,再未听到她的消息。
(4)hear 接从句,是“听说”的意思。
One day, the Smiths heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far
away.
一天,史密斯一家听说不远的镇里有一位好医生。
I hear that one of the pandas has a baby.
我听说其中一只熊猫生了个熊猫宝宝。
7. She is a most unusual woman. (P122)她是一个十分不寻常的女性。
【知识归纳】a most, the most 与 most 的用法
(1)a most 的用法。在“a
most+形容词+名词”结构中,most 是副词,意为“很,非常”,相当于 very,用来修饰
它后面的形容词,本句就是这一用法。
Guilin is a most beautiful city.桂林是座非常美丽的城市。
This is a most interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。
(2)the most 的用法
◎在“the most+形容词+名词”结构中,most 是副词,表示程度,意为“最”,与其后的
形容词一起构成形容词的最高级。
He is one of the most famous writers in China. 他是中国最著名的作家之一。
This is the most difficult (one) of the three. 这是这三者中最难的。
◎在“动词+the most”结构中,most 也是副词,其作用和意思是“最”其位置通常在动
词后。
They like English the most. 他们最喜欢英语。
(3)most 通常有三种用法
◎在“most+副词或形容词”结构中,most 是副词,意为“很,非常,十分”。
I shall most certainly go there. 我十分肯定会到那里去。
◎在“most+名词”结构中,most 是形容词,意为“大部分的,大多数”或“最多的”。
Most students like English. 大多数学生喜欢英语。
Who has (the) most books among you?你们中谁的书最多?
8. The walls are made from old glass bottles that are glued together.
(P122) 墙是由旧玻璃瓶粘在一起建成的。
be made
from/of 意为“由……(原料)制成”,后面一般接物质名词。接 from 则表示某物品制
成后,已看不出原材料是什么,原材料在制作过程中已起了化学变化;接 of 表示某物品制
成后,仍可看得出原材料,其原料在制作过程中仅起了物理变化。
Nylon is made from air, coal and water.尼龙是由空气,煤和水加工制成的。
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。
The desk is made of wood. 这桌子是由木头做的。
The shoes are made of cloth.这鞋子是用布做的。
知识拓展
◎ be made up of 表示某物或某组织由一种种成分或一个个成员组成。
The world is made up of matter.世界是由物质构成的。
A TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts.
电视机是由数百个不同的零件组装成的。
◎ be made into 意为“把……做成……”,主语在意义上为原材料,介词宾语在意义上
为制成品。
Bamboo is also made into paper.竹子也可以用来造纸。
◎be made in 意思是“在……(地点)制造”,介词 in 后接产地。
This kind of computer is made in the USA.这种电脑是美国制造的。
This printing machine was made in Beijing.这台印刷机是北京生产的。
◎be made by 意思是“由……制造”,介词 by 后跟动作的执行者。
This model ship is made by Uncle Wang. 这个轮船模型是由王叔叔制作的。
9. Amy recently won an award from the Help Save Our Planet Society.
(P122)艾米最近获得了“救助地球”协会的奖励。
(1)recently 表示“最近”,既可以用于表示一段时间,也可以表示一点时间,多用于
完成时态。
Have you hear from Michael recently?你最近接到迈克尔的来信吗?
Recently he has made quite a few mistakes. 最近他出了不少错。
( 2 ) won a award 中 award 是 “ 奖 ” 的 意 思 , 相 关 词 语 有 prize , reward 和
scholarship,这几个词都与“奖”有关。
(3)句中的 win 表示“赢”奖的意思。
At the national amateur song-writing contest, he won a first-class award.
在全国业余作曲比赛中,他获得了一等奖。
win 可表示“赢得比赛,战斗”等,宾语一般是比赛,竞赛,战争等名词,与 beat 近义。
知识拓展
win 与 beat 的用法
两者在表示“赢”,“胜”的意思时,后面所接的宾语有所不同。“赢比赛或一场战
斗”用 win;“赢某人”是 beat。
We won the match months ago. 几个月前,我们赢得那场比赛。
Which side won the battle? 这一战谁打胜了?
But still we weren’t sure we could beat them.
但是我们还不能肯定我们能打赢他们。
Dick beat John and won the game. 狄克打败了约翰,赢得了比赛。
 

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