Predicative Constructions

with the Participle

Complex Object
and
Complex Subject

• Verbs of sense perception
• Causative verbs
• Verbs of mental activity
• Verbs of wishes and emotions
is used after the following verbs in the ACTIVE VOICE
PARTICIPLE I
see, hear, feel, catch, find, discover, leave
e.g. We heard him singing.
I found her sleeping on the sofa.
have, get, keep, set, start, send
e.g. Don’t keep them waiting!
They soon got (= started) things going.
I won’t have you smoking at your age!
accept, consider, explain, regard, treat,
mention, understand, think of, speak of
Participle I is introduced by means of “as”
e.g. Monika regarded the teacher as having won
the literary contest exclusively due to his talent.
like, hate
e.g. They didn’t like me leaving so early.
PARTICIPLE II
see, hear, feel, find, discover
e.g. We heard the door shut.
I found the door unlocked.
have, get, make
Do you have your hair cut every month?
The speaker made himself heard with
the help of a microphone.
think, believe, consider
e.g. The old foreman considered
himself sacked without any reason.
want, would like, wish, desire, prefer
e.g. The boss wants the letter typed today.
 is used after the following verbs in the PASSIVE VOICE

• Verbs of sense perception
PARTICIPLE I
see, hear, feel, catch, find, discover, leave
e.g. Jane was heard quarrelling with her brother
The boy was caught stealing money.
The child was left standing all alone.
PARTICIPLE II
see, hear, feel, find, discover
e.g. Jimmy was seen addressed by a stranger.
The things were left undone.
The treasure was found hidden under the tree.

• Causative verbs keep

e.g. We were kept waiting for an hour or so.

• Verbs of mental activity
accept, consider, explain, regard, treat, think, believe, consider
mention, understand, think of, speak of
e.g. The boat was considered lost.
Participle I is introduced by means of “as”
The problem is considered solved.
e.g. Laura was considered as having married
him exclusively for his money.
Ted Brown was spoken of as having graduated
from Oxford with honours.
 The use of Participle I and Participle II with Causative Verbs
PARTICIPLE I
have, get, keep, set, start, send
+ object + '-ing' form is used to refer to:
• the results we are aiming at
e.g. I’ll have you speaking English in six months
• consequences which may not be intended
e.g. Don’t shout! You'll have the neighbours complaining.
• happenings beyond the speaker's control.
We have salesmen calling/There are salesmen calling every day.
 won't / can't + object + '-ing' form is used to refer to
circumstances we are not prepared to tolerate:
e.g. I won't/can't have you speaking like that about your father
+ object + '-ing' form
˂to make something start happening or
to make someone start doing something ˃
e.g. Her last remark has set me thinking.
It started him thinking.
The wind sent the leaves rustling.
+ object + '-ing' form
means ˂to make somebody/ something start + -ing ˃
e.g. Don’t get him talking about his illness.
Once we got the heater going, the car started to warm up.
PARTICIPLE II
have, get, make
 get + object + past participle is used to talk about
completing work on something
It will take me another hour to get the washing done.
After you’ve got the children dressed, can you make the beds?
get + object + past participle also means <to accidentally
make someone or something experience something>
Mind you don't get yourself burned.
Sue got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.
o make + oneself + past participle
The structure is common with understood, heard and liked/ disliked/ hated
e.g. I don’t speak good French, but I can make myself understood.
(NOT make myself understand)
e.g. She had to shout to make herself heard.
In his three month in the job he made himself thoroughly disliked.