TEMA 1

PUT
VOCABULARY
L Put off: delay doing something until later.
i Ex: I couldn’t put it off any longer. I saved some
- early bird f money, left my job, and bought a camper van.
- stick to a routine
- active lifestyle e
Put up with: accept an uppleasant situation
- sedentary lifestyle s without complaining.
- alternative lifestyle t Ex: I used to work in the city but I couldn’t put up
- nomadic lifestyle y with the noise and the people.
- work long hours
l
e Put together: prepare something by collecting
Multi-word verbs ideas an informations.
Ex: We’ve put together a plan to raise money to
TAKE rebuild the house.

Take over: Star being responsible for a job that LOOK

someone else was doing for you.
Ex: I took over the family´s las business ten years
ago.
Take after: be similar to your father, mother,
etc… because you have a similar character or
appearance.
Ex: I take after my parents in that I like working
outside.
Take on: employ someone.
Ex: She seemed perfect for the job, so we took
her on.
Take up: start a new hobby/activity.
Ex: But she got bored took up parachuting.
HAND
Look into: find out about something so that
you can take action.
Ex: I’m looking into employing another lawyer
to ease some of the pressure.
Look forward to: be excited about something
that is going to happen.
Ex: I’m looking forward to retiring one day but
that won’t be for antoher few years!
Look back: thinnk about something that
happened in the past.
Ex: You can’t spend your whole life looking
back at your mistakes.
Look ahead: think about plan for the future.
Ex: You should always look ahead.

Hand over: give control or responsability of KEEP

something e.g. Company to someone.
Ex: When my mother handed over responsability
to me, I didn’t realise how much work it was.
Hand down: give something to someone,
especially to a younger person, so that they
continue a tradition.
Ex: We live on a farm that has been handed down
from generation to generation in my family.
Hand back: return something.
Ex: They hand them back when you leave.
Keep from: prevent someone from doing something.
Ex: I believe nothing should keep you from chasing
your dreams.
Keep up with: understand all the most recent facts
about something.
Ex: I spend most of my days in the office trying to
keep up with our cases.
Keep on: continue doing something.
Ex: While he was sleeping, my husband kept on
talking about monsters!

Keep to: stay on a particular path or course of action.

Hand in: give something to someone in authority.
Ex: Then today he told me to keep to the main road!
Ex: You have to hand in your valuables at the front
desk.
 ➡
➡

Verb+Preposition I try not to let my work pile up too much. I

I feel completely overwhelmed by the
amount of work I'm expected to do. I spend
my life racing around trying to keep up with
everything. There just aren't enough hours in
the day.
prioritise my tasks and make sure that I
take time out from work and make time
for other things that are also important to
me.
Let my work pile up

➡
I ➡
➡feel completely overwhelmed Allow something to increase

Something overwhelming is very intense and Take time out

hard to deal with: overwhelming events make
people worried and stressed out. It's hard to Find time to do something or be with someone
overcome overwhelming things. If you feel an even when you’re busy.
overwhelming need to laugh, you're probably
going to laugh. If you have an overwhelming
feeling of sadness, you'll probably cry. Make time for

I spend my life racing around Describing Everyday Objects

Estar corriendo
Keep up with everything
• to do whatever is necessary to stay
level or equal with someone or
something
- He started to walk faster and the
children had to run to keep up.
• to continúe to be informed about
something
- He’s never made an effort to keep up
with current events.
- That's (definitely not) essential/vital/
indispensable. It's a bit impractical/heavy/
pointless.
- You (can) use it to get online/cut
- You (can) wear it.
- It's a bit impractical/heavy/pointless.
- You need it to prove who you are.
- It's (no) good for telling the time.
- It's really special.
- It's made of wool/metal/ plastic/leather.
- It has sentimental value.

My problem is I have no control over my

workload. My boss forces me to take on Everyday Objects
too much and then I struggle with finding
time to do it all.

Have no control coffee pot

Not have the power to direct or manage
something.
Take on

Go fast/do lots of different task quickly.

penknife
Struggle with
Luchar con, batallar con
-The student struggled with the grammar
lesson.
blanket phone

guitar watch

passport

torch

charger
Flash drive

cooking pot
laptop

Envelope
hard drive

Lighter

necklace

Cushion

silver ring

Stool
 Plug
Belt
Button
Shoelaces
Adapter
TEMA 2
Adjectives to describe inventions
Stunning: Extremely beautiful or attractive.
A stunning dress.
Groundbreaking: it´s very new and a big
change from other things of its type.
Ex: His latest movie is interesting, but no
groundbreaking.
Flexible: able to bend or to be bent easily
without breaking.
Ex: Rubber is a flexible substance.
Durable: able to last and be used for a long
time without becoming damaged.
Ex: The machines have to be made of
durable materials.
Biodegradable: able to decay naturally and
in a way that is not harmful.
Ex: Biodegradable packaging helps to limit
the amount of harmful chemicals released
into the atmosphere.
Functional: designed to be practical and
useful rather than attractive.
Ex: Our furniture isn’t very fancy, but it’s
functional.
Portable: possible to take with you if you
move to a different place. Light and small
enough to be easily carried or moved.
Ex: The laptop’s ultra compact design makes
it extremely portable and practical.
Unique: something that is unusual or the
only one of it´s type.
Ex: Fingerprints are unique to every
individual.
Edible: suitable or safe for eating. Greenhouse: a building with a roof and
Ex: Only the leaves of the plant are edible. sides made of glass, used for growing
plants that need warmth and protection.
Novel: new and original, not like anything
seen before.
Ex: Keeping a sheep in the garden is a novel
way of keeping the grass short.

Flimsy: (of material) very thin, or (of structure

or object) badly made and weak, and
therefore easily broken or destroyed.
Ex: A flimsy building.

Clip-on: fastened with a clip. Warehouse: a large building for storing

Ex: clip-on earrings/sunglasses. things before they are sold, used, or sent out
to shops.

Buildings

Windmill: a building or structure with large

blades on the outside that, when turned by
the force of the wind, provide the power for
getting water out of the ground of crushing
grain.

Cave: a large hole in the side of a hill, cliff,

or mountain, or one that is underground.

Barn: a large bulding on a farm in which

animals or hay (=dried grass) and grain are
Shed: a small building, usually made of
kept.
wood, used for storing things.
 Factory: a building or set of buildings where Shelter: ( a building designed to give)
large amounts of goods are made using protection from bad weather, danger, or
machines. attack.

Cathedral: a very large, usually stone,

building for Christian worship. Mosque: a building for Islamic religious
activities and worship.

Temple: a building used for the worship of a

god or gods in some religions.

Parts of a building

Ceiling: the inside surface of a room that

you can see when you look above you.

Castle: a large strong building, built in the

past by a ruler or important person to protect
the people inside from attack.

Hallway:
Basement: a part of a building consisting of
Solar panel: a device that changes energy
rooms that are partly or completely below
the level of the ground. from the sun into electricity.

Attic: The space or room at the top of a

Chimney: a hollow structure that allows the
building, under the roof, often used for
smoke from fire inside a building to escape
storing things.
to the air outside.

Roof: the covering that forms the top of a

Balcony: on area with a wall or bars around building,vehicle.
it that is joined to the outside wall of a
building on an upper level.

Veranda: a raised, covered, sometimes

partly closed area, often made of wood, on
Gutter: an open pipe, usually at the lower the front or side of a building.
edge of a roof, that collects and carries
away rain.
 TEMA 3
VocabularyPlus - Reading Cheerfully: in a happy and positive way.
Ex: She walked down the road, whistling
Rising star: someone who is becoming very cheerfully.
successful.
Amazingly: extremely, or in a way that is
Tragedy struck: something terrible extremely good.
happened. Ex: The food was amazingly good.

Lost her life: died. Literally: using the real or original meaning
of a word or phrase.
Came out of the blue: appeared from Ex: They were responsable for literally
nowhere. millions of deaths.

Hint of danger: small signal or suggestion of Desperately: in a way that shows you are
something bad. frightened and ready to try anything to
change a situation.
Dangling: hanging loosely. Ex: They fought desperately for their lives.

Numerous: many in number. Obviously: in a way that is easy to

understand or see.
Huge chunk: a very large piece. Ex: Obviously the school cannot function
whitout teachers.
Paddle: move using your arms to push you
through the water. Honestly: used to emphasize that you are
telling the truth.
Ranked: listed. Ex: I honestly don’t know what i did to
upset her.

ADVERBS Apparently: used to say that something

seems to be true, although is not certain.
Ex: Apparently it’s going to rain today.
Typically: in a way that shows all the
characteristics that you would expect from
Definitely/Certainly: without any doubt.
the stated person, thing or group.
Ex: I don’t like that place - I’m definitely not
going back there.
Bravely: in a brave way.
Ex: She faced the consequences bravely.
Personally: used when you give your
opinion.
Realistically: according to the facts and
Ex: Personally, I think the show is going to
what is possible.
be a great success.
Ex: Realistically speaking, he hadn’t a hope,
but that didn’t stop him trying.
Seriously: in a serious way, not joking.
Ex: You’re not seriously thinking of leaving,
Undoubtedly: used to emphasize that
are you?
something is true.
Ex: She was undoubtedly the best candidate.
LEXICAL CHUNKS: LIFE CHALLENGES
Fit in: to feel that you belong to a particular
group and are accepted by that group.
Ex: It’s no surprise she’s leaving.- She never
really fitted in.
Hang out with: spend a lot of time with
particular people or in a particular place.
Ex: I didn’t want to hang out with the cool
kids.
We’re just not into: don’t specially enjoy.
Ex: We ‘re just not into partying.
Feel comfortable in your own skin: be
happy with who you are.
Ex: The important thing is to feel comfortable
in your own skin.
Make ends met: earn enough money to pay
for your living costs.
Ex: It became very easy to make ends met.
Couldn’t deal with it: had big problem with
something.
Ex: He just couldn’t deal with it.
Dread: have a terrible fear of something.
Ex: The thing I dread the most is the
uncertainty.
Take a leap into the unknown: do
something yoúve never tried before, even if it
may be dangerous.
Ex: You have to take a leap into the unknown.
Transitional moments: times of changes.
Ex: The most difficult challenges are usually
transitional moments.
Don’t take any notice of: ignore.
Ex: People just don’t take any notice of you.
Set up: orgnanised.
Ex: Do you think it´s something to do with the
way society is set up?
So much to offer: can contribute a lot,
intellligence, ideas.
Ex: Older people have so much to offer.
IDIOMS: RELATIONSHIPS
Clear the air: talk openly about a conflict so
you can have a better relationship.
A stormy relationship: a relationship with
many disagreements and arguments.
Get on like a house on fire: have a very
friendly relationship.
A fair-wheather friend: a person who stops
being a friend in difficult times.
Like one in a million: a very special person,
rare person.
Under the thumb: under someone else’s
control/not free.
Second chance: give someone a chance to
try again after failing.
Shoulder to cry on: someone who listens
sympathetically to your problems.
Other half: long-term partner, e.g. wife or
husband.
Broke my heart: caused deep emotional
pain.
Love at first sign: instant attraction to
someone or something.
Eye to eye: had similar views or attitudes.
IDIOMS
Be at a dead end: estar en un callejón sin
salida.
Ex: We split up because our relationship was
at a dead end.
Go around in circles: We’re not getting
anywhere in this discussion. We’re just going
around in circles.
Go our separate ways: After a year arguing,
my boyfriend and I decided to go our
separate ways.
Be at a crossroads: encrucijada.
Ex: They’re at a crossroads. They could
either split up or get married!
Be back to square one: volver a la casilla de
inicio. Ex: Our business plan was rejected by
the bank manager, so we’re back to square
one.
Living in a Rio favela
1. That´s double the population of Leeds,
crammed into slums.
Crammed: very full of people or things.
2. This chaotic approach to urban planning
that makes districts like this so cramped and
overcrowded.
Chaotic: a state of total confusion with no
order.

Move in the same circles: I never met your 3. Favelas, wherever you are in the world,
friend. He’s a singer and I’m a banker. We they get a lot of bad press.
don’t move in the same circles. Get a lot of bad press: bad publicity.

4. It´s a genius solution, isńt it?

EVERYDAY ISSUES Genius solution: good idea.

5. The boy´s journey´s a baffling laby

This work is unacceptable
You should ask them to redo it.

This meat is undercooked.

You should send it back.

This software is outdated.

You should upgrade it.

This service is overpriced.

You should ask for a discount.

This information is misleading.

You should look for other sources.

This accommodation is substandard.

You should get a new room.

This phone is disconnected.

You have to get it reconnected.

This library book is overdue.

You should have returned it
yesterday.
TEMA 4
SCIENCE
Data: facts or information.
Database: a large amount of information
stored in one place in a computer system.
Monitor: carefully watch something to see
hoe changes over time.
Habitat: the natural environment in which a
plant or animal lives.
Findings: information people have learned
as a result of their study or work.
Samples: a small amount of something that
you take in order to a amine it.
Analyse: examine or think about something
closely in order to understand it.
Experiments: find out or prove something.
Measure: find out the size, weight or
quantity of something.
Organisms: a living thing - usually very
small.
Genie ally modified food, immune, fossil
fuels, global warming, renewable energy,
cloning, DNA, extinction, evolution,
unethical, nanotechnology and matter.
REPORTING VERB
Suggest: to mention an idea, possible plan,
or action for other people to consider.
Ex: Reports suggest that modern technology
is changing our brains and our personalities.
Agree: to have the same opinion.
Ex: Experts agree that children who spend
too much time in front of screens have short
attention spans.
Showed: to make it possible for something
to be seen. To record or express a number
or measurement.
Ex: A US study showed that searching on
the internet can increase brain function in
older people (aged 55-76).
Report: to give a description of something
or information about it to someone.
Ex: Scientists report that some teenagers
spend eighteen hours a day interacting with
technology.
Claims: to say that something is true or is a
fact, although yo cannot prove it and other
people might not believe it.
Ex: Research claims that millennials have
better memories than older person.
Believe: to think that something is true,
correct, or real.
Ex: Experts believe that the more we
constantly interact with technology, the
harder it is for us to experience deep
emotions.
Confirmed: to prove that a belief or an
opinion that was previously not completely
certain is true.
Ex: A report has confirmed that digital
screens affect the brain like cocaine.
Proves: to show a particular result after a
period of time.
Ex: Research proves that our brains
physically change as a result of using
technology.
 COMMONLY CONFUSED WORDS
·
Accept/Except
Accept: to agree to take something.
Except: to not include something or
someone.
Advice/Advise
Advice: an opinion that someone offers you
about what you should do or how you
should act in a particular situation.
Advise: to give someone advice.
Economic/Economical
Economic: relating to trade, industry, or
money.
Economical: adjective, not using a lot of
fuel, money.
Experience/Experiment
Experience: (the process of getting)
knowledge or skill from doing, seeing, or
feeling things.
Experiment: a test done in order to learn
something or to discover if something
works or is true.
Possibility/Opportunity
Possibility: a chance that something may
happen or be true.
Opportunity: an occasion or situation that
makes it possible to do something that you
want to do or have to do, or the possibility
of doing something.
Principal/Principle
Principal: first in order of importance.
Principle: noun, a basic idea or rule that
explains or controls how something
happens or works.
Right/Rightly
Right: correct.
Rightly: adverb. Behaving in a way that is
suitable and acceptable.
Sensible/Sensitive
Sensible: adjective.based on or acting on
good judgement and practical ideas or
understanding.
Sensitive:adjective. Easily upset by the
things people say or do, or causing people
to be upset, embarrassed, or angry.
Complement/Compliment
Complement: verb.to make something else
seem better or more attractive when
combining with it.
Compliment: noun.a remark that expresses
approval, admiration, or respect.
Stationary/Stationery
Stationary: adjective.not moving, or not
changing.
Stationery: noun. The things needed for
writing, such as paper, pens, pencils, and
envelopes.
Remember/Remind
Remember: verb. To be able to bring back a
piece of information into your mind, or to
keep a piece of information in your memory.
Remind: verb.To make someone think of
something they have forgotten or might have
forgotten.
Dessert/Desert
Dessert: noun.Sweet food eaten at the end
of a meal.
Desert: noun. An area, often covered with
sand o rocks, where there is very little rain
and not many plants.
Journey/Travel
Social media: refers to websites and
Journey: noun. The act of traveling one computer programs that make
place to another, especially in a vehicle. communication possible with the use of
Travel: verb. To make a journey, usually computer or mobile phones.
over a long distance.
Posted updates: actualizaciones.
Fun/Funny
Delete: to remove (part or all of) a written
Fun: noun. Pleasure, enjoyment or or electronic text.
entertainment.
Funny: adjective.Humorous; causing Email account profiles:
laughter.
Screenshots: an image of what is shown
Receipt/Recipe on a computer screen.

Receipt: noun. Something such as a piece Online search engine

of paper or message proving that money,
goods, or information have been received. Google
Recipe: noun.A set of instructions telling
you how to prepare and cook food, Cyber bullying
including a list of what food is needed for
this.

Nervous/Irritable

Nervous: adj.Worried and anxious.

Irritable: adj. Becoming annoyed very
easily.

Sympathetic/Nice

Sympathetic: adj. Used to describe

someone who shows, especially by what
they say, that they understand and care
about someone else’s suffering.
Nice: adjective.Pleasant, enjoyable, or
satisfactory.

INTERNET WORDS/PHRASES

Click of a button: se entiende xd.

Digital footprint: information about a

person or organization that can be
retrieved from the internet.