Laboratory #3 Report

Name:許翰翔 Student ID:E24106610

Experimental methods and results

(1) Superposition theorem
(a) A Y-connected load is formed by using three resistors and is connected to the output terminals of the
transformer.
A(12 V) Fuse ±
A
+ a R ±
R Ｖ
1 kΩ
B(6 V) ± 1 kΩ
110 V A o
60 Hz Transformer b R Measure VAo, Vbo, and Vco
－ C(0 V) ± 1 kΩ
A
c

Fig. 3.1. Superposition theorem.

(b) Record
i. Lines a, b, and c are connected to points A, B, and B, respectively.
|Iao’| (A) 3.94mA |Ibo’| (A) 2.01mA |Ico’| (A) 1.98mA
|Vao’| (V) 3.96V |Vbo’| (V) 2.11V |Vco’| (V) 1.92V

ii. Lines a, b, and c are connected to points B, B, and C, respectively.

|Iao’’| (A) 1.75mA |Ibo’’| (A) 1.92mA |Ico’’| (A) 3.91mA
|Vao’’|(V) 1.95V |Vbo’’|(V) 2.11V |Vco’’|(V) 3.95V

iii. Lines a, b, and c are connected to points A, B, and C, respectively.

|Iao| (A) 6.05mA |Ibo| (A) 0.01mA |Ico| (A) 6.06mA
|Vao| (V) 5.9V |Vbo| (V) 0V |Vco| (V) 5.99V

fs. Li Wang and Tai-Haur Kuo, EE, NCKU, Tainan City, Taiwan 39 王醴、郭泰豪教授, 國立成功大學電機系, 臺灣台南
 (c) |Iao|, |Ibo|, |Ico|, |Vao|, |Vbo|, |Vco| are calculated from the measured values of i and ii in (b), and the
calculated values are compared with the measured values and the simulated values.
Calculated values ( i & ii )
|Iao| (A) 5.69mA |Ibo| (A) 0.09mA |Ico| (A) 5.89mA
|Vao| (V) 5.91V |Vbo| (V) 0V |Vco| (V) 5.87V
Measured values ( iii )
|Iao| (A) 6.05mA |Ibo| (A) 0.01mA |Ico| (A) 6.06mA
|Vao| (V) 5.9V |Vbo| (V) 0V |Vco| (V) 5.99V
Simulated values (PSPICE)
|Iao| (A) 6mA |Ibo| (A) 0mA |Ico| (A) 6mA
|Vao| (V) 6V |Vbo| (V) 0V |Vco| (V) 6V

PSPICE stimulation

fs. Li Wang and Tai-Haur Kuo, EE, NCKU, Tainan City, Taiwan 40 王醴、郭泰豪教授, 國立成功大學電機系, 臺灣台南
 (2) Load current of T-network

Fig. 3.2. Schematic diagram. Fig. 3.3. Connection diagram.

Connect the impedance ZR to terminals c and d and connect the voltage source of 12 V to terminals a and b.

The magnitude of the load phasor current IL and its phase angle with respect to the phasor voltage Vab are

measured by the ammeters, voltmeter, and electrodynamic wattmeter.

|Vab| (V) |IL| (mA) P (mW) |S(V I )|
ab L
*
(mVA) cos θ = θ IL = |IL|∠θ (mA)
W/S
11.77 3.83 43.9 45.3 0.97 14.069 3.83∠14.069°
°

(3) Thevenin’s theorem

(a) Remove the voltage source of Vab from terminals a and b and connect to terminals c and d. Measure
the equivalent impedance of T-network (ZTh).

Fig. 3.4. Schematic diagram Fig. 3.5. Connection diagram

|Vcd| (V) |I| (mA) P (mW) |S(V cd I*)| (mVA) |ZTh|=|Vcd|/|I| (Ω) RTh=W/|I|2 (Ω) XTh=(|ZTh|2－RTh2)1/2 (Ω)
11.23V 5.57 61.68 61.68 2015.23Ω 1986.65 338.2

fs. Li Wang and Tai-Haur Kuo, EE, NCKU, Tainan City, Taiwan 41 王醴、郭泰豪教授, 國立成功大學電機系, 臺灣台南
 (b) Measure the open-circuit phasor voltage of Vcd, i.e., Thevenin equivalent voltage VTh.

Fig. 3.6. Schematic diagram Fig. 3.7. Connection diagram

|IR| (mA) |Vcd| (=|Voc|) (V) P (mW) |S(V I )|

cd R
*
(VA) cos θ = W/|S(V I )|
cd R
*
θ VTh =|Vcd|∠θ (V)
11.89 10.94 121.9 130.4 0.9375 20.36° 10.94∠20.36°

(c) Measure the load impedance of ZR.

Fig. 3.8. Connection diagram.

|V| (V) |I| (mA) |ZR|=|V|/|I| (Ω)
3.997V 3.75 1065.87

(d) Use the results obtained in (a) and (b) to draw the Thevenin equivalent circuit, and add the load
impedance ZR obtained in (c) to calculate the current phasor IR
|IR| =|3.56∠14.03mA| = 3.56

Fig. 3.9. Connection diagram.

fs. Li Wang and Tai-Haur Kuo, EE, NCKU, Tainan City, Taiwan 42 王醴、郭泰豪教授, 國立成功大學電機系, 臺灣台南
 (4) Norton’s theorem
(a) The terminals c and d are short circuited, and connect the voltage source of 12 V to the terminals a
and b. The magnitude of the current phasor Icd (i.e., the Norton equivalent current) and its phase

angle with respect to the voltage phasor Vab are measured by ammeters, voltmeter, and

electrodynamic wattmeter.

Fig. 3.10. Schematic diagram Fig. 3.11. Connection diagram

|Vab| (V) |Icd| (=|ISC|) (mA) P (mW) |S(V I )| (mVA)

ab cd
*
cos θ = W/| θ IN = |Icd|∠θ (A)
S(V I )|
ab cd
*

11.03 5.46mA 59.2mW 60.29mVA 0.9819 10.92° 5.46∠10.92°

(b) Draw the Norton equivalent circuit using the Thevenin equivalent impedance ZTh obtained in
Exploration 3 and the Norton equivalent current phasor IN obtained in (a), and then calculate the
load current phasor IR.
|IR| = |3.58∠14.26mA| = 3.58

fs. Li Wang and Tai-Haur Kuo, EE, NCKU, Tainan City, Taiwan 43 王醴、郭泰豪教授, 國立成功大學電機系, 臺灣台南
 Fig. 3.12. Connection diagram.

Problems and conclusion

(a) Compare the differences between the values of IR measured in (2), (3), and (4) and the simulated
values of PSPICE.
(2)測得 I = 3.83∠14.069° 和 PSPICE 很接近

fs. Li Wang and Tai-Haur Kuo, EE, NCKU, Tainan City, Taiwan 44 王醴、郭泰豪教授, 國立成功大學電機系, 臺灣台南
 (3)測得 I = 10.94∠20.36° 和 PSPICE 很接近

(4) 測得 I = 5.46∠10.92° 和 PSPICE 很接近

fs. Li Wang and Tai-Haur Kuo, EE, NCKU, Tainan City, Taiwan 45 王醴、郭泰豪教授, 國立成功大學電機系, 臺灣台南
 (b) Explain the difference between the measured results and the PSPICE simulation results
PSPICE 模擬出來的結果為理想的電路，但實際測量的數值會因為電路元件的精準度以及儀器
的內電阻而有誤差產生!

(c) Conclusion:
(2)(3)(4)所得的 IR 分別為
3.83∠14.07°
3.56∠14.03°
3.58∠14.26°
和 PSPICE 理想 IR:

差別不大

心得:
這次實驗實際的接通了諾頓以及戴維寧等效電路的接線，通過實作讓我們更加了解這個定理
的好用之處，能將複雜的電路變成簡略的電路圖去進行應用！但這次很衰的是我們一開始的
電源供應器有綠色檔位是壞的，我們花了很久的時間 debug，難怪不管我們怎麼接怎麼請助
教檢查，都找不出原因

fs. Li Wang and Tai-Haur Kuo, EE, NCKU, Tainan City, Taiwan 46 王醴、郭泰豪教授, 國立成功大學電機系, 臺灣台南