1864/1863

Johann Alexander Reina Newlands (1837 – 1898) “Law of Octaves”

- An English Chemist proposed the Law of Octaves.

- Arranged the elements on their increasing atomic weights, every eight element had properties similar to each
other.
- Has a resemblance to a musical octave.

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- Limitations of his Classification
o Applicable only to elements with low atomic masses.
o Fails to explain similarities of elements with higher atomic weights.
o Newland thought only 56 elements existed.
o The periodic table did not include inert/noble gases.

1869

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev and Julius Lothar Meyer

- Arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass, recurring pattern appeared in their properties.
- Meyer established the periodicity of elements based on their physical properties (atomic volume).
- Mendeleev uses the element’s chemical properties to establish the pattern.
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- Father of the modern periodic table
- Limitations of his Classification
o More elements and isotope were discovered.
o The table/chart of all elements was found to be inconsistent in many ways.

1913

Henry G. J. Moseley

- Used atomic number rather than atomic mass in arranging the elements.
- Firmly established the relationship between atomic number and the charge of the atomic nucleus
- Predicted the existence of the four new elements
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