EEE4118

Automation and control

Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
P&ID
 Ball Mill P&ID

2-150-SL-MSR-006
Overview
• What is a Piping & Instrumentation Diagram?
• ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 Standard
• Format and Layout
• Symbols
• Interfaces
• Instruments
• Actuators
• Physical structures
• Control
• Examples
What is a P&ID?
• A schematic used in the automation industry to illustrate process,
instrumentation and control systems
• Standard symbols used have been defined by:
• The International Society for Automation (ISA)
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• It is used in the chemical, petroleum, power generation, mining,
metal refining, air-conditioning and other process industries
Overview of P&ID
• A “side-view” schematic of all equipment involved in a process
• They are not drawn to scale
• They often include the following:1
• Material flow
• Piping between the different portions of a plant
• Major equipment including pumps, motors, tanks, vessels, hoppers,
conveyors etc.
• Valves and the direction of flow
• Field instruments
• Electrical equipment
• Communication links
When are P&IDs used?
• Compiled during the design phase by all engineers
• Refined through each step in the design process
• Becomes a reference document for maintenance
• Must be updated if there are changes to the plant
General P&ID Conventions
• Not drawn to scale or are geometrically accurate
• The process flow is from Left to Right across page
• Process lines break instrumentation lines
• Horizontal lines pass over vertical lines
• Standard symbols based on ISA/ANSI standards
Project Documents - Design
• All piping shown with size and material specification (Numbering
system)
• All valves shown (manual, “on-off” and control)
• All measurement points shown
• All instruments shown by type (symbol and ISA standard code)
• All control loops indicated using dotted lines to link measurement,
transmitter, controller and actuator with standard symbols and ISA
standard codes
• All drive loops indicated using similar annotation, standard symbols
and ISA standard code
Piping & Connection Symbols
Instrument Type
Instrument Location
• Determines the physical location of the instrument
relative to operator and process

ABC ABC ABC

123 123 123

Instrument is in the Instrument is Instrument is

field near the mounted in inaccessible and
process and is the Control Room out of sight of the
accessible to the operator
operator
Tags
• Numbers and letters provide a unique reference for all:
• Instruments
• Actuators
• Control loops
• Used to give the type and function of the device
Tag Identifiers

Primary Measurand Modifier

Function

A B C
123
• Pressure • Indicator
• Level • Transmitter
• Temperature • Controller
• Flow • Recorder
• Weight
ISA S5.1 Identification Letters
Primary Measurands and Modifiers
ISA S5.1 Identification Letters
Functions
Example
 Ball Mill P&ID

2-150-SL-MSR-
006
Some YouTube videos
• P&ID https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kv-nHNa-tYU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHKB773qDno

• Difference between PLC and DCS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iF99iKlDpxA
Example
https://automationforum.co/pid-common-abbreviation/
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Piping_and_instrumentation_diagram
 P&ID Objects
https://www.edrawsoft.com/pid/images/pid-legend.pdf
https://www.edrawsoft.com/pid
/images/pid-legend.pdf
• Valves