INTRODUCTION TO GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
2nd sem l prelims l Principles & Goal Of Guidance And Counseling
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE
● For the successful execution of the
process of guidance, the nature of
different steps should be relevant for
achieving the objectives. Objectives
cannot be achieved without understanding
the principles of guidance as they play an
important role in the operational and
practical stages of guidance.
Psychologists, however, are not
unanimous about the principles of
guidance. These principles can be
broadly discussed as follows.
GUIDANCE IS FOR THE TOTAL
DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY
● Guidance should be related to a student’s
all-round development. At times, a
student does not know as to what his
abilities are and what he wants to
become?
● Guidance helps him in discovering his
hidden endowments in such a way that all
aspects of his personality develop to meet
the varied needs of life.
GUIDANCE SERVICE IS FOR EVERYONE
● The main principle of guidance service is
that it is meant for everyone. It is believed
that an individual may come across
problems at any stage in life and to
overcome them s/he needs guidance.
GIVING IMPORTANCE TO
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
● It is universally admitted that no two
individuals are alike, and even in twins
we notice differences. According to this
principle, the individual variations are
both hereditary and environmental in
nature. In the process of guidance, much
of the variations cannot be overlooked nor
should they be. It is due to these
variations that we see different
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impacts on an individual. Therefore, it
becomes imperative to do a
comprehensive study of these individual
variations before starting the process of
guidance to solve an individual’s
problems. Only on the basis of these
studies, an outline of consultancy should
be prepared for helping an individual.
STUDY OF AN INDIVIDUAL AND ITS
EVALUATION
● In order to carry out the guidance
programme successfully, it is necessary to
supply accurate information to those
running the programme. This gives the
guidance expert a clear picture of the
student’s achievements and progress at a
glance. This helps the expert to use
properly selected and recognized tests.
These tests help the counsellor to form a
data bank about an individual’s
achievements, interests, mental abilities,
etc. Compilation of all these facts in a
well-documented form is essential for
guidance.
GUIDANCE MUST BE A
COOPERATIVE EFFORT
● A guidance expert has to perform various
tests to arrive at a solution for individual
problems. But the expert has to rely on
the availability of information from
teachers, professors, parents and
administration.
GUIDANCE IS A LIFELONG PROCESS
● Guidance is a continuous process. Its
need can arise in different situations of an
individual’s life. With increase in the pace
of development, complexities in an
individual’s life are also increasing. Hence,
for the solution of these problems a
person may need guidance at any age. A
person discovers himself/herself only
through this process, learns to make
bigger use of his capabilities, interests and
INTRODUCTION TO GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
2nd sem l prelims l Principles & Goal Of Guidance And Counseling
other abilities. He keeps trying to adjust
himself/herself to various situations and
develops the ability to make his own
decisions. In this way, we see that it is a
continuous and an active process.
GUIDANCE PROMOTES SELF-RELIANCE AND
INSPIRES SELF-DEVELOPMENT
● The aim of guidance as such is the
development of an individual’s
self-realization, self-reliance and
self-development. To achieve this, a
guide should assist a youngster in
understanding his behavior and facilitating
improvement in it. A guidance expert
should not impose his decisions on the
subject but should assist him to inculcate
an insight to understand and guide
himself, so that the student can take his
own decisions and start working
accordingly.
GUIDANCE SHOULD BE IMPARTED BY
TRAINED PERSONNEL
● Only qualified and trained personnel can
do guidance and consultancy, everyone
cannot offer profession guidance. A
professional guidance expert is trained in
both fundamental and practical elements.
The training also includes knowledge of
different aspects of psychology,
psychological tests, guidance and
consultancy techniques as well as peculiar
nature of guidance and consultancy.
GUIDANCE AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF
THE TOTAL EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
● Guidance services and educational
activities are related to each other.
Guidance is not the same as direction, but
it helps the student in making suitable
adjustments while receiving instruction
and education. As such it is an integral
part of education, the aim of guidance is to
achieve the objectives of education. It
should be related to the education system
in totality.
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BASIC PRINCIPLES: Guidance Program
THE GUIDANCE PROGRAM IS AN INTEGRAL
PART OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
1. Guidance is a fundamental and integral
part of the educational system. It provides
for the holistic development of the
students.
2. Education and guidance support and
complement each other to maximize
students’ growth and development.
3. Administrative and faculty understanding
and support of the Guidance Program are
crucial to its success.
4. Guidance personnel perform specific
tasks distinct and separate from teaching
and disciplining.
IT IS RESPONSIVE TO THE STUDENTS’
NEEDS
1. The Guidance Program addresses the
developmental and adjustment needs
of the students.
2. The Program considers the unique
culture and climate of the specific
population and environment it serves.
3. Program offerings are based on regular,
systematic assessment of the students’
needs and environment.
4. Guidance is a continuous process
throughout the person’s stay in school.
5. Guidance activities are specifically
planned and developed to ensure
Program effectiveness.
6. The Guidance team consists of the school
counselor, psychologists, social workers,
teachers, administrators and other
educational professionals and staff who
work together for the welfare of the
students.
7. The Guidance Program recognizes the
need to provide objective evidence of
accomplishments and the rationale for its
continued existence.
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2nd sem l prelims l Principles & Goal Of Guidance And Counseling

IT RECOGNIZES THE STUDENT AS AN

INDIVIDUAL AND IS PREMISED ON THE
FOLLOWING:

1. Every individual has needs that must be

attended to.
2. Guidance should be extended to all.
3. Every individual is unique and possesses
worth and dignity.
4. Human beings can develop their own
insights.
5. All individuals have the right and capability
to make decisions and plans.

THE PROGRAM IS IN THE HANDS OF

QUALIFIED PERSONNEL

● The school counselor is a role model of

positive human relations. Professionally
trained guidance personnel are
indispensable for ensuring competence,
leadership, and direction.

COUNSELING GOALS

GENERIC GOALS:
1. Developmental
2. Remedial
3. Reinforcement
4. Exploratory
5. Enhancement
6. Preventive

HUMAN DIMENSIONAL GOALS:

1. Cognitive
2. Spiritual
3. Physiological
4. Psychological