10.

0 MISAMBO YEKUTAURA
Zvinangwa
 Kutsanangura kuti misambo yekutaura chii.
 Kudoma mapoka makuru maviri ezviga zvemusambo.
 kutsanangura zviga zvitanhatu zvinoita kuti musambo
ubudirire.
 Kudoma mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemisambo yekutaura.
 Kutsanangura mashandisirwo emusambo umwe neumwe.
 Kushandisa misambo yekutaura yakakodzera pane zvoupenyu.

10.1 Misambo Yekutaura Chii?

Misambo yekutaura matauriro nemaitiro akakodzera pakati pemutauri
nevateereri vake. Chiitiko chimwe nechimwe chine matauriro nemaitiro
akakodzera anofanirwa kuitwa pachiri. Kana takatadza kushandisa musambo
wakakodzera kutura mashoko edu, pfungwa dzatinenge tichida kuti dzisvike
pamusoro pechiitiko ichocho dzinokanganisika. Budiriro pakushandisa musambo
inowanikwa chete kana takagona kucherechedza zviga zvemisambo. Zviga izvi
zvinogona kuonekwa zviri mumapoka maviri anoti zviga zvematauriro
akakodzera nezviga zvemaitiro akakodzera sezvinotevera;

matauriro
akakodzera

musambo
wekutaura

maitiro
akakodzera

a) Zviga zvematauriro akakodzera

Tinogona kubudirira pamatauriro akakodzera kana takagona
kucherechedza zviga zvematauriro akakodzera zvinoti;

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 i. Kushandisa mazwi anopindirana nemusambo watiri kushandisa.
Mazwi anofanirwa kusarudzwa patinotaura anopindirana nezviri kutaurwa uye
nevanhu vari kutaurirwa. Wakashandisa mazwi emusambo wechisekedzani
chechisahwira kuna tezvara kunyangwe wagadzirisa uso kana kutaura
zvakanaka zvinengei, munoburana nekuti mazwi anoshanda mumisambo iyi
akatosiyana zvachose. Tezvara vanobva vaona sokuti vashorwa nemukuwasha.
Panotogona kuzoita nyaya yekuripa tezvara ivavo kuti zvinake nekuda
kwekutadz kuita sarudzo yemazwi anokodzera paukama hwamunahwo.
ii. Kushandisa izwi rinokodzera kuburitsa musambo wedu
zvakanaka kumuteereri. Musikana kana achitaura nemukomana
waanodanana naye kana waanoda zvinogona kubudiswa nezwi rake kumumwe
wake. Izwi rinogadziriswa kuti ritapire kuteerera riine kuyemedzeka mukati
kunowanikwa muchivhevhano. Kana munhu atsamwa, tinonzwa nezwi rake kuti
matauriro acho ave emunhu atsamwa.

b) Maitiro akakodzera
Maitiro akakodzera kumusambo anosanganisira zviga zvinosanganisira
zvinotevera;

i) Kucherechedza vanhu vatiri kuda kushandisira musambo

watasarudza panguva iyoyo. Tinofanirwa kuziva kuti vanhu vatiri
kutaura navo ndivanaani. Dzimwe nguva patinotadza kutaura zvakanaka
nevanhu vanotarisira kuti titaure navo nemisambo inoumba ukama
hwatinahwo navo unonzwa votibvunza kuti, ‘Uri kuziva here munhu wauri
kutaura naye here?’ Mubvunzo uyu unotaura kuti tinenge tichishandisa
musambo usiri iwo kuvanhu vasiri ivo vanofanirwa kushandisirwa musambo
iwoyo.
ii) Kucherechedza nzvimbo yatiri kushandisira musambo
watasarudza. Zvakakoshawo kuti tizive nzvimbo yatiri kuti tigone kuita
sarudzo yemusambo wakakodzera. Kana tiri pamusha patezvara tinofanirwa
kuziva kuti musambo wakakodzera wokushandisa nguva zhinji
ndewechinyarikani kunze kwokunge mava panzvimbo yenyu sevaramu.
iii) Kushandisa muviri wedu zvakakodzera patinenge tichitaura kuti
zvatinotaura zvipindirane nekutaridzika kwouso kana miviri yedu. Kana
chiri chinyarikani hachingabudirire kana ndakataura ndichiratidza kuti ndiri
kuda kuseka. Kana zvadai chinyarikani chinopera vanhu vabatana pahuro.

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 iv) Kupfeka zvipfeko zvakakodzera. Zvipfeko zvakakodzera zvinoita kuti
musambo unyatsozadziswa. Musambo wechinyarikani haunyatsobudirira
kana takada kuushandisa tisina kupfeka zvakakodzera. Kana chiri
chinyarikani chechiroora, muroora ane mapfekero okuti vanhu vakamuona
vanobva vaziva kuti uyu muroora nemapfekero ake.

Cherechedzo yezviga izvi inoita kuti tigone kubudirira mumusambo watinenge

tichishandisa. Saka zvakakosha kuti tizive zviga izvi zvakanangana nemisambo
yose ichakurukurwa pazasi.

10.2 Mhando Dzemisambo Yekutaura

Misambo yekutaura yatinoshandisa mumutauro wedu yakawanda zvikuru. Misambo iyi
yakabva muukama hune vanhu hwakasiyana-siyana. Chikamu chino chichazama
kubata misambo yakawanda kuti tizive mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemisambo
yekutaura iyi. Misambo yekutaura iyi inogona kuonekwa iri muzvikwata zvikuru
zvinoti;

1) Musambo wekusekedzana,
2) Musambo wekunyarana,
3) Musambo wekukwazisana,
4) Musambo wekutambira hweni,
5) Musambo wekugunun’una,
6) Musambo wekupopota,
7) Musambo wekuganza,
8) Musambo wekudemba,
9) Musambo wekukumbira,
10) Musambo wekushorana,
11) Musambo wekubata maoko,
12) Musambo wepadare,
13) Musambo wekukakavadzana,
14) Musambo wekutuma,
15) Musambo wepabasa,
16) Musambo wekunamata.
17) Musambo webembera.

Tine misambo miviri mikuru inoti, wekusekedzana (chisekedzani) nemusambo

wekunyarana (chinyarikani). Mhandonyana dzacho dzinotaridza pachena hukama
hwakasiyana-siyana huri muvanhu sezvinotevera;

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Musambo wekusekedzana Musambo wekunyarana (Chinyarikani)
(Chisekedzani)
Musambo wekusekedzana pachishamwari Musambo wekunyarana pavana.

Musambo wekusekedzana pachisahwira Musambo wekunyarana pavana nevabereki.

Musambo wekusekedzana pachiramu Musambo wekunyarana pachinamato

Musambo wekusekedzana pachizukuru Musambo wekunyarana pachikuwasha

nevakarabwa

Musambo wekusekedzana pachipwere Musambo wekunyarana pachitorwa

Musambo wekusekedzana pachivhevhano Musambo wekunyarana pachikurungai

Musambo wekusekedzana pachibhende Musambo wekunyarana pachiroora

Mhandonyana dzemisambo idzi dzinosiyanisa hudzamu hwekusekedzana kana hudzamu

hwekunyarana zvichibva nekuti ndavanaani vari kushandisa musambo iwoyo sokuti;
musambo wekusekedzana pachiramu unosiyana pahudzamu nemusambo
wekusekedzana pachisahwira kunyangwe misambo iyi iri yemhando imwe
yechisekedzani.

Hudzamu hwekusekedzana hwakasiyana-siyana huri pakati pevanhu vane ukama

hwekusekedzana uhu ndihwo hunoita kuti tive nemhandonyana idzi. Saka zvakakosha
kuti tizive mhandonyana dzemisambo miviri iyi nemazita emhandonyana dzayo nekuti
misambo iyi yakasiyana kunyangwe iri mumapoka makuru aya.

10.2.1 Musambo Wekusekedzana

Musambo uyu une misambonyana inosanganisira minomwe inotevera;

10.2.1.1 Musambo weKusekedzana paChiShamwari

Uyu musambo wakareruka kune vanoushandisa. Unowanzoshanda pakati peshamwari
dzine ukama hwekusekedzana kwakasununguka pakati padzo. Kusekedzana kwavo kuri
munyaya dzavanogona kutaura dzorudzi nerudzi pasina chinotyisa pakati pavo.

Kushandiswa kwemazwi mumusambo uyu kwakareruka. Shamwari mbiri idzi

hadzinetseke zvakanyanya pasarudzo yemazwi nekuti chishamwari chinovabvumira
kutaura zvavanoda. Vanogona zvavo kunemerana kana kutamba zvavo vachiita
sovotukana kana kushorana pasina anorwadzwa nazvo pakati pavo. Zvinonyadzisa

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kumimwe misambo hazvinyadzise kumusambo uyu nekuti vane ushamwari
mukusekedzana hunovatendera kutaura zvakasununguka.

Hapana chinorema mumusambo uyu. Tinogona kana kutarisa shamwari dzedu

mumaziso kana kubatana maoko kana mapindikiti tichifamba tichitaura nyaya.
Tinogona kuuya pedyo pedyo neshamwari dzedu tichitaurirana munzeve nekurovana
maoko.

Mumusambo uyu vanhu vanopfeka zvavanoda paushamwari hwavo. Zvose zvinoitika

mumusambo uyu zvinotungamirwa nekuri kubva hushamwari hwacho. Chisunganidzi
ndicho chikero chinosimbisa kana kurerutsa mazwi anoshanda mumusambo
wechishamwari uyu. Ndichowo zvakare chinotungamira kana pangave pazvipfeko
zvingapfekwa neshamwari mbiri paushamwari hwadzo.

10.2.1.2 Musambo weKusekedzana paChisahwira

Musambo uyu unobva paukama hweusahwira hunosunganidzwa nenyaya yekuvigana
kwemhuri mbiri. Mhuri inoviga vokwenyu kana kwaita rufu imhuri yemadzisahwira
enyu. Kana kwavo kwaitawo rufu munokokwa mopiwa zvirango zvousahwira nokuviga
mufi.

Musambo wavo unovabvumira kutaura kana zvinyadzi kana kutuka madzisahwira avo
vachirova bembera pane zvinenge zviripo zvechokwadi. Vanogona kutotaura vachituka
munhu anenge achikonzera matambudziko mumhuri vachitaura mabasa ake pazere
vanhu vachitamba usahwira hwavo. Hapana anotsamwira sahwira zvokuzotadza
kutaura naye zvakare nekuti ndizvo zvinoumba musambo uyu.

Sahwira anotenderwa kana kubata huku mumusha pasina anotsamwiswa nazvo nekuti
ishamwari yedzinza rose. Kana pakauraiwa mombe yezvirango sahwira anopiwa nyama
yemombe inenge yaurairwa zvirango mumusha. Panosiiwa hunda yasahwira iyo
yaanotakura kumusha kwake onodya nevekwake. Hapana anofanirwa kugunguzika
nekuti kana zvava kwenyu zvirango zvousahwira munoitawo zvamunoda.

Madzisahwira anopfeka zvaanoda. Hapana chinoremera sahwira pazvipfeko. Kana pari

parufu pehama yenyu yaive pfambi, sahwira anogona kuuya akapfeka mapfekero aiita
sahwira wake mufi. Anogona kuridza mumhanzi otanga kutamba zvokuti kana pane
vanyarikani vanotarisa pasi. Vanhu vanozoguma vave kunakidzwa nazvo
vombokanganwa nhamo inenge iripo. Hapana munhu anogona kurambidza sahwira
kuita zvaanoda.

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10.2.1.3 Musambo weKusekedzana paChiramu
Musambo wekusekedzana paChiramu unoshandiswa navanamainini navababamukuru
kana vanababamunini navanamaiguru vavo. Vanatete nevarume vevazukuru vavo
vanotambawo chiramu.

Mumusambo uyu munotaurwa zvakasununguka varamu vachifara. Vanogona kutaura

vachinemerana zvavo kana kutamba, vanababamukuru vachishevedzana
navanamainini sovadiwa vavo kana vanamaiguruwo vachidana vanababamunini
sevarume vavo. Nyaya dzokutadza kubika kana dzokutadza kusarudza vasikana
kwavanababamunini kana kunonoka kuroora kwavanababamunini kana dzokutadza
kuita zvakanaka dzinotaurwa pasina chinogumbura. Chokwadi ichi chinotaurwa
mukusekedzana uku varamu vachidzidzisana. Hadzisi nyaya dzinotsamwisa nekuti pane
kusekedzana kunovatendera kusvika padanho iroro. Sarudzo yemazwi inofanirwawo
kuitwa inopindirana nekusekedzana uku. Mazwi anotaurwa anofanirwa
kusangakanganisa danho rechiramu riripo.

Vanotenderwawo zvavo kubatana kana maoko asi paine cherechedzo yekuita

kusingazokanganisa muridzi wemukadzi kana muridzi wemurume.

Zvinopfekwa, zvinofanirwawo kucherechedza kuti vanenge vachitambwa navo

chisekedzani ichi varume kana kuti vakadzi vevanhu.

10.2.1.4 Musambo weKusekedzana paChizukuru

Musambo uyu unoshandiswa pakati pemadzimbuya vanasekuru nevazukuru vavo.
Vanatetewo vanosekedzana pachizukuru nevana vehanzvadzi dzavo.

Kusekedzana kwemhando iyi kwakarerukira kuti kune donzvo rekuraira vazukuru kuti
vagone kuzoita hupenyu hwakanaka vaine hunhu husingazoshoresa vanatete naivo
vanasekuru navanaambuya. Mumusambo uyu, vazukuru vakasununguka kutaura
zvavanoda kumadzimbuya avo ivowo vachitaurawo navo vazukuru vachitamba zvavo
navo. Panogona kushoranwa kana kusekanwa asi donzvo riri rokudzidzisa vazukuru
hupenyu. Vazukuru vanofanirwa kuyeuka kuti vanogona kushandisa musambo uyu une
kusekedzana zvawo asi vasingakanganwe kuti vavanotamba navo musambo uyu vanhu
vakuru kwavari vanodawo kuremekedzwa. Sununguko iri pavazukuru nambuya inoda
kuti siyaneyi zvishoma neiripo pana sekuru nevazukuru. Kana vari mbuya vazukuru
vanogona kutamba navo vachishorana navo zvavo zvavasingagoni kuita nasekuru
kunyangwe vakasununguka zvavo kuti vakurukure nyaya dzemhando.

Musambo uyu unotendera kupfeka zvakasununguka asi zvinotaridza kuti vazukuru vane
zvavari kudzidza zvounhu hwakanaka kumadzisekuru nemadzimbuya avo.

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10.2.1.5 Musambo weKusekedzana paChipwere
Uyu musambo unoshandiswa nevana vadiki pakati pavo kana vari voga kana kuti pakati
pevadiki nevakuru. Vadiki vane nyaya dzavo dzavanotaura nematauriro avo
anofanirwa kucherechedzwa semusambo wekusekedzana pachipwere. Kana vadiki
vatinetsa tinovashandisira musambo uyu kuti vanyarare. Umu munowanikwa kurezva
kana kunyengedzwa kwepwere nesarudzo yemazwi angaita kuti dziite sekuda
kwevakuru. Pwere tinogona kudzinyaradza nezviwitsi izvo zvisipo zvakatodyiwa kare
kana takashandisa musambo uyu nemazvo. Idzo pwere pachezvadzo dzakasununguka
kutaura zvadzinoda asi kunetsana hakusi kwenhamo nekuti zvido zvadzo
zvinongoshanduka-shanduka zvichienderana nenguva.

10.2.1.6 Musambo weKusekedzana paChivhevhano

Musambo uyu unowanzoshanda panyaya dzorudo dzakasiyana-siyana. Patinotaurirana
zvokudanana nevadiwa vedu panoshanda musambo uyu. Panoshandiswa musambo uyu
pane ushamwari hwakakomba chose kana kuti panenge paine hurongwa hwoukama
hwakadaro.

Kana pakaita rudo pakati pomukomana nemusikana unovaona nematauriro avo

nekufadzana dzimwe dzenguva nemanyepo. Unogona kunzwa vachikwidzana ndege
dzemashanga zvichinzi, ‘Ukandida ndichakutora ndoenda newe kunyika iri kure kure
kwatichanogara tichifara zvedu.’ Kana riri izwi rinopfaviswa muchisekedzani
chechivhevhano mazwi achinyatsosarudzwa anotapira anoita kuti masaisai erudo
afambe pakati pevari mumusambo uyu.

Maitiro avo azere nekuyemerana, kuita sekunge pane kakunyara-nyara. Vanogona

kufamba vakabatana zvavo maoko mapindikiti kana kufamba vakabatana muzviuno.
Ava vanogona kutarisana zvavo mumaziso kana kunyemwererana zvechivhevhano kana
kutsinyirana maziso. Mafambiro chaiwo anoshandurwa kana musambo uyu uri
kushanda nekuti panenge paine chinangwa chekutora mwoyo womudiwa.

Panoitwawo sarudzo yezvipfeko inonyatsogara munhu zvokuti anobva anokwanisa

kutora mwoyo yevaangade chivhevhano navo. Haungopfeke zvose zvose nekuti
vaunenge wakatarisira kuti vatosvorwe mwoyo newe vanogona kusazokutarisa nekuti
unenge usingachavatore mwoyo. Kana ari mazuvano pava nezvizorwa zvakasiyana-
siyana zvinogona kupodwa zvokuti munhu unomushaya rukanda rwake chairwo
ukasaruziva.

10.2.1.7 Musambo weKusekedzana paChibhende

Mumusambo uyu vatauri vanotaura vakapeta rurimi kuti zvavari kuda kutaura zvisava
pachena kuvanhu vose vose. Unowanzoshandiswa nevanhu vane ukama
hwekusekedzana kana kuti vari kuita hukama hwekusekedzana panyaya iyoyo pakati

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pavo zvokuti vanogona kutaura nemusambo uyu vachiseka zvavo. Munhu anogona
kutotaurwa nezvake aripo asingazive kuti ndiye ari kutaurwa zvichibva mukushandiswa
kwemusambo wechibhende uyu. Vatauri vanogona kutaura vachiti,

Mutauri 1. Nhasi Save akazara zvokuti hameno kana takasakukurwa takaendeswa

kugungwa.
Mutauri 2. Mvura zhinji yakadaro yanayira kupiko kuti zvidai?
Apa hurukuro iri pakati pekugumbuka kwakaita munhu mukuru kana anoremekedzwa,
umwe mutauri achibvunza chingava chikonzero chekutsamwa kwakadaro.

10.2.2 Musambo Wekunyarana

Uyuwo musambo une misambonyana ingasanganisire minomwe ichakurukurwa pazasi.

10.2.2.1 Musambo wekunyarana pavana

Musambo uyu unowanikwa pakati pevana voga sehanzvadzi nehanzvadzi kana pakati
pemukoma nemunin’ina.

Kunyarana kwavo kwakareruka zvakafanira zvokuti kunonovatendera kufara

vachitaura vose. Kana vari vakomana voga kana vasikana voga vanogona kurerukirwa
zvakanyanya asi paine cherechedzo yekuti vana vemhuri imwe asi umwe ari mukuru.

Kana vava hanzvadzi nehanzvadzi pane kunyarana kwakareruka zvishoma pane

kwemukoma nemunin’ina. Musambo umwe chete unoshanda asi une udzamu
hunosiyana nekuti vana vapi vari kushandisa musambo uyu.

Maitiro avo nemiviri yavo anofanirwawo kucherechedza chinyarikani chiri pakati

pavo.

Mapfekero evanhu ava mumusambo uyu akareruka asi anofanirwa kuve akatsiga
zvinopindirana netsika nemagariro epamusha pavo.

10.2.2.2 Musambo wekunyarana pachinamato

Uyu musambo wekunyarana unoshanda pakati pevanamati muzvinamato zvavo
zvakasiyana-siyana. Muzvinamato muzere vatorwa avo vanofanirwa kuve nekunyarana
kwakasangana nekukudzana pakati pavo kuti chinamato chigone kubudirira. Munamati
anofanirwa kunyara vamwe vanamati kuti pasave nezvinokanganisa chinamato. Kana
pakasava nekunyarana pakati pevanamati, kutevedza zvitendo zvechinamati
kunonetsa nekuti vanhu vanenge vasina chinovamisa kuita zvavanoda izvo
zvinozokanganisa chinamato. Kunyarana kwavo kunobvira kumazwi avanotaura.
Vanamati havangotaure, vanotosarudza mazwi akakodzera anochengetedza
chinyarikani chiri pakati pavo.

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Chinamato chine mapfekero anotarisirwa kuti kunyarana kurambe kuripo. Vanhu
vanofanirwa kupfeka zvinoita kuti pakati pavo parambe paine ruremekedzo
rwemitemo inosunga chinamato. Mune zvimwe zvinamato vanhu vanofanirwa kugara
vakapfeka zvirefu zvinovhara miviri yavo kuti vanhu vasaone zvinozovakanganisa
chinamato chavo. Vamwe vanomonera machira machena, matema kana matsvuku,
vamwe vanopfeka nguwo chena nedzimwe dzakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana
nekusiyana nezvinamato. Kana kuri kugara pagungano rechinamato vamwe vanamati
vanogara vakapatsurana vakadzi kwavo varume kwavo kusimbaradza musambo
wekunyana pachinamato.

10.2.2.3 Musambo weKunyarana pavana nevabereki

Kana takangotaura sematauriro atinoita neshamwari dzedu nevabereki vedu panova
nekusawirirana. Musambo unoshanda pakati pevana nevabereki une ruremekedzo
rwakadzama kukunda rwematauriro evabereki kuvana vavo.

Mapfekero evanhu ava anofanirwa kucherechedza kuremekedzana nekunyarana uku.

Vana vanofanirwa kupfeka zvakatsiga pane vabereki vavo zvisingavakanganise meso.
Zvipfeko zvinongwerevera nezvinosiya miviri pachena hazvikodzere pane vabereki.
Vaberekiwo havatarisirwe kupfeka zvisina kukodzera pane vana vavo. Matauriro avo
anofanirwa kuve nesarudzo yemazwi anocherechedza chinyarikani ichi. Mwana
haangotarisirwa kungotaura mazwi ose ose kuvabereki vake nekuda kwechinyarikani
chiri pakati pavo.

10.2.2.4 Musambo weKunyarana pavakuwasha nevakarabwa

Uyu musambo unoshandiswa pakati pevakuwasha nevabereki vomudzimai.
Chinyarikani mumusambo uyu chinosiyana zvichibva nekuti ndiambuya here kana kuti
nditezvara vaanotaura navo.

Chinyarikani chakanyanya pakati pemukuwasha naambuya vake kupfuura pakati

pemukuwasha natezvara. Ambuya havatariswe kumeso kana kubatwa maoko. Kana
kuri kukwazisana, vanokwazisana vari parefu neparefu vachiuchirana kusimbaradza
ruremekedzo rwuri pakati pavo. Havagari muimba imwe chete kana kusvika pedyo
nepedyo.

Kana zviri zvipfeko, vanopfeka zvakatsiga. Ambuya vanotarisirwa kupfeka zvakatsiga

zvisingatosvore maziso emukuwasha. Iye mukuwasha anofanirwa kupfekawo
zvakatsiga pana ambuya vake zvinotaridza kuti anovaremekedza. Tezvara
vanouchirwa gusvi pakukwazisana mukuwasha akazvipeta akatonona. Apa anogona
kutaura mutupo watezvara vake achiuchira sokuti, ‘Makadiiko Shumba?’

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10.2.2.5 Musambo weKunyarana paChitorwa
Tinotaura nevanhu vakawanda chose zuva nezuva. Vanhu ava vanogona kunge vari
vatinoziva asi tisina ukama navo, tichivaziva nokuda kwebasa kana zvimwewo
zvingasanganisa vanhu. Vatorwa vanogona kuva vanhu vatisingazivane navo zvachose
vatinenge tasanganawo navo kekutanga panguva iyoyo.

Ava tinotaura navo nemusambo wekunyarana pachitorwa une kunyarana mukati.

Kunyarana kuri apa kuzere ruremekedzo rwatinofanirwa kupanana tichicherechedza
kusazivana kwedu zvisinei kuti munhu akaita sei.

Musambo uyu unoshanda zvakanyanya patinotanga kutaura nemutorwa watinenge

tichitaura naye. Kana takaramba totaura nemutorwa uyu mhando yemusambo
inoshanduka ichitevedza ukama hunenge hwava kuumbika pakati pevanhu vanga vari
vatorwa ava. Mutorwa haarambi ari mutorwa kwete, hukama hunoumbika zvichibva
nezvamunenge mokoshesa zvinenge zvava kukuunzai pamwe chete.

Musambo uyu haunyanye kutarisa mapfekero evanhu vari mumusambo uyu sezvo
vanenge vangosangana. Mapfekero anozotanga kuve nechekuita kana tava kuda kuve
nechekuita nevatorwa ava zvokuti musambo unenge wava kutoshanduka.

10.2.2.6 Musambo wekunyarana pachikurungai

Musambo uyu unoshandiswa pakati pevabereki vevana vakaroorana. Ava vane hukama
hwavo hunobva mumatauriro avo hune kunyarana kwakawandira mukukudzana
kwevabereki vane vana vari muwanano. Ava vanoedza kuve nemaitiro anoita kuti
vamwe vavo vasasare vaine kushamisika nemaitiro avo.

Vanogona kutaura zvakasununguka asi paine sarudzo yemazwi anochengetedza

kunyarana kwakasangana nekukudzana pakati pavo.

Zvinotarisirwa kupfekwa zvinofanirwa kuva zvisingashorese muroorwi kwaakaroorwa

kana muroori kwatezvara vake.

10.2.2.7 Musambo weKunyarana paChiroora

Uyu musambo unoshanda pakati pevaroora nevabereki vemurume nehama dzavo.

Mumusambo uyu mune kuzvininipisa zvikuru kwevaroora kuti vagonzi vakarairwa kana
kuti vane unhu. Varoora vanozvityora nguva dzose kana vachitaura nehama dzevarume
vavo kunyanya vanatezvara navamwene vavo. Havafanirwe kungotaura vasina
kucherechedza zvavanenge vachitaura nekuti zvinoshoresa ivo sevaroora uyewo
kwavakabva. Kunyangwe vangade kudzinga imbwa chaiyo yepamusha, muroora
anofanirwa kushandisa mazwi asingakanganise varidzi vemusha.

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Mapfekero avo anofanirwa kutaridza kuti vakaroorwa uyewo kuti vari pamusha
pevanyarikani. Zvipfeko zvavanopfeka zvinofanirwa kuve zvirefu zvinofukidza muviri
wose. Vanotogona kumonera mucheka unotsvaira pasi unozivikanwa nokuti zambiya,
mumusoro vakasunga dhuku.

Muroora haatarise vatezvara kumeso kana kusvika pedyo navo. Anofanirwa kutaridza
kuvanyara nekufambira kure navo kana kugara kure navo. Kana muroora
achikwazisana navatezvara kana vamwene anofanirwa kutyora muzura kana kupfunda
tsiva kutaridza kuti anozvininipisa mumusha wevaridzi uyu. Kana kuri kugara muroora
anogara akapfunya rusero kana akatambarara. Kana ave kupa vatezvara zvokudya
anopfugama pasi. Kana ave kutaura navatezvara, muroora anofanirwa kutaura
akatarisa pasi kwete kutarisa vatezvara. Zvose zvinoitwa nemuroora mumusha
maakaroorwa zvinofanirwa kutaridza kuti akabva kune vanhu.

10.2.3 Musambo Wekukwazisana

Uyu musambo unoshanda pakati pevanhu vaita nguva vasina kuonana vava kuonana
zvakare. Musambo uyu unoshanda kumisambo miviri mikuru yataona pamusoro
Chinyarikani neChisekedzani. Vanhu vose tinovakwazisa zvakakodzera zvichienderana
nekuti tine ukama hupi navo. Mazwi anokudza tinomashandisa kana tichikwazisa
vanhu vatine ukama navo hunotarisira mazwi akadaro vanosanganisira hama dzedu
sevabereki kana vatorwa. Kazhinji tinotangira pakukwazisana nevanhu kuti tizotaura
navo zvimwe saka izwi ratinoshandisa pakuvakwazisa ngarive rakadzikama
zvinopindirana neukama huri pakati penyu.

10.2.4 Musambo wekutambira hweni

Uyu musambo unoshanda pakati pevashanyirwa nevashanyi pakugashirana.
Somusambo wekukwazisana, musambo uyu unoshanda kumisambo miviri mikuru
yataona pamusoro Chinyarikani neChisekedzani zvichibva nekuti vatambirwi vacho
ndavanaani. Vashanyirwi vanotaura mazwi ekugashira hweni hwauya mumusha mavo.
Sarudzo yemazwi avanoshandisa pavanogashira hweni ndiyo inoita kuti vaenzi vati
vatambirwa uye vasununguke kugara pavashanya nevavashanyira. Mashandisirwo ezwi
anozadzisawo matambirirwo ehweni. Kana izwi riine mufaro mweni anogutsikana
nematambirirwo iwayo. Kana izwi rakasuwa mweni anobva aziva kuti rinenge
richireva kuti haasi kutambirwa mumusha uyu. Tinofanirwa kutambira vanhu
nemashoko akakodzera. Kana ari munhu anoremekedzwa anofanirwa kutambirwawo
nemazwi anopindirana naye. Kushandisa mazwi asina kukodzera anokanganisa
musambo uyu.

10.2.5 Musambo wekugunun’una

Musambo uyu musambo unoshandiswa patinoratidza nemazwi kuti zvataitirwa hazvina
kutifadza kana kuti kana takanganisirwa. Kugunun’una hakusi kupopota kwete, asi

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kuti kubudisa pachena kusafara kwedu nezvatakaitirwa, saka budiriro yemusambo
wekugunun’una inovepo kana takacherechedza kuti ukama hwatinahwo nevanhu
vatinenge tichigunun’unira ndihwo hunoita kuti tisiyanise mhando yemazwi
ekugunun’una atinoshandisa. Kana iri shamwari yangu, ndinogona kugunun’una
nemazwi akareruka muushamwari hwedu mumusambo iwoyo asi anotaridza pachena
kuti zvakaitika hazvina kundifadza. Kana pari pabasa, ndinogona kugunun’unira vakuru
vebasa nemazwi ane remekedzo rwemusambo weChinyarikani asi achitaridza pachena
kuti handina kufara pane zvakaitika.

Mapfekero nemaitiro edu kana tichigunun’una ngaaenderane neukama hwatinahwo

nemunhu watiri kugunun’unira.

Kana tichigunun’una uso hwedu hunofanirwa kutaridza kudzama kwekugunun’una

kwedu kuti muteereri anzwe nekuona kudzama kwezviri kugunun’unwa.

Kana paine zvawakaitirwa zvisina kukufadza unogona kutaura uchiti;

‘Ndine urombo nezvakaitika asi iniwo handina kufara nedanho

ramakazonditorera…’

Basa

 Ronganai mumapoka madiki muite mutambo umo muchashandisa mutauro

wakakodzera kutaridza kuti chiitiko chakaitika mumwe haana kufara nacho.
Fungai chiitiko chamungade kutaura nezvacho mumutambo wenyu.

10.2.6 Musambo wekupopota

Musambo uyu tinoushandisa kana tichida kuita ruzha pamusoro pekutadzirwa kwedu
tiine chinangwa chokutyisa muteereri angave nechekuita nenyaya iripo. Mumusambo
uyu munotaurwa nezwi riri pamusoro zvikuru zvokuti vanhu vasineyi nenyaya iyi
vanobva vaziva nyaya yose iripo kunyangwe iri nyaya isingaite. Vanoshandisa musambo
uyu munotorwa mazwi anopindirana nekusimba kwebopoto rinenge riripo. Kana
rakanyanyisa kudzama mazwi anoshandapo ndeekurwadzisana chete.

Musambo uyu unoonekwa nekuvhiza maoko kunongedzera kana kunongedzerana kana

kufinyamisa uso.

10.2.7 Musambo wekuganza

Uyu musambo wekutaridza kuti iwe ndiwe munhu ari pamusoro-soro pavanhu vose,
uya munhu anganzi akaoma pane vamwe vose. Musambo uyu tinoushandisa kana
tichida kuzviisa padanho repamusoro-soro. Izvi tinozviita tichishandisa mazwi nekuita
kunotaridza izvi.

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Vanoshandisa musambo uyu vanogona kutotsvaga zvipfeko zvinotaridza kuti vari
pamusoro pevamwe vose zvechokwadi zvokuti ivo vacho vari kuganzirwa
vanotendeseka nekuganza kwake. Musambo uyu unoonekwawo nekufambisa muviri
kune kuzvida nekuzvikudza mukati.

10.2.8 Musambo wekudemba

Musambo wekudemba unoshanda kana pava nedambudziko kana kuchema. Mutauri
anenge achitaura achichema ngwavaira kana tsaona inenge yasanganwa nayo.
Anodemba anotaura nezwi rine kunzwisa tsitsi mukati, munhu achiita kunge ari kuda
kuchema kana kutotaura achichema nhamo inenge yamuwira. Mumusambo uyu
munoshandiswa mazwi ekuzvirumba kana kuti ekuzvichema. Munoshandiswawo
mibvunzonhando zvakanyanya nekuti munhu anenge achishaya mhinduro
kunngwavaira inenge yamuwira.

10.2.9 Musambo wekushorana.

Musambo wekushorana musambo wekutarisirana pasi. Mumusambo uyu vanhu
vanotsvaka mazwi nekuita kunotaridza kuti kuita nekufunga kwemumwe
kwakashoreka. Muviri unofambiswa zvokusvora ari kutaurwa naye. Munhu anogona
kunongedza munhu neruoko achiruzunza zvokushora ari kutaurwa naye.

10.2.10 Musambo wekukakavadzana

Uyu musambo unoshandiswa kana paita kusawirirana pakati pevanhu. Panoitwa
sarudzo yemazwi ekukakavara zvinoenderana neudzamu hwemakakatanwa anenge
aripo.

Kana vanhu vachikakavadzana vanogona kuonekwa nekukwidzirana mazwi, kuzunza

maoko, kunongedzerana kusvipirana kumeso kana kufinyamisa kumeso. Vamwe
vanorova zvinhu zvinenge zviri pedyo navo. Vamwe vanogona kutosvika pakurovana
chaiko kutaridza kuti pane makakatanwa ari pakati pavo.

10.2.11 Musambo wekubata maoko

Kana kwafiwa tinoenda kunobata maoko. Kubata maoko kunyaradzana nevafirwa.
Parufu panoshandiswa musambo wekubata maoko uzere Chinyarikani. Mumusambo
uyu vanhu vane mazwi avanotaura anotaridza kuti vari kubata maoko. Vanewo zvinhu
zvavanogona kuita zvinozadzisa musambo wekubata maoko.

Tinobata maoko sei?

Kana takasvika pafiwa tinokwazisa vashaikirwa nevose vanenge vauya kuzokuta

hama dzomufi. Tinotaura navo kana tavakwazisa tichiratidza kubatikana
kusuwiswa kwedu nechiitiko cherufu ichi tichiti;

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 ‘Tine urombo nekushaikirwa nehama’, Kana

‘Nenhamo dzatiwira.’ Kana

‘Nedzoi nedzekuparadzika’

Mashoko aya kana mamwewo zvichienderana nekwatinobva anogona kuteverwa

nehurukuro yekunyaradza vafirwa.

Pakubata maoko tinofanirwawo kuita zvinotaridza kuti tiri kurwadziwa nechiitiko ichi
zvinoita kuti kubata maoko kuzadziswe. Tinogona kuratidza kuti zvaitika izvi
zvatirwadzawo nekutaura mazwi ekurwadziwa kana kumbochema zvisinei kuti unoda
kuchema here kana kuti kwete nekuzunza musoro kana kubatanidza maoko kana
kurova maoko uye tichitaridza kusiririswa pauso hwedu pakutaura nehama dzemufi
kana mamwewo maitiro anoratidza kurwadziwa zvikuru nezvaitika izvi. Tinogonawo
kuita mabasa eparufu anosanganisira kunochera guva remushakabvu nezvimwewo.

Zvipfeko zvinofanirwa kupindirana nechiitiko ichi. Vamwe vanobva vapfeka zvipfeko

zveruvara rutema runoratidza kusuwiswa nechiitiko ichi. Madzimai anopfeka zvipfeko
zvirefu vakamonera micheka yemazambiya nemadhuku. Vamwe vanamati vane
zvipfeko zvavo zvavanopfeka kana vari pagungano ravo zvichienderana nechiitiko
chinenge chiripo.

Basa

 Ronganai mumapoka mugadzire mitambo midiki umo muchashandisa musambo

wakakodzera kubata maoko.

10.2.12 Musambo wekukumbira

Uyu musambo watinoshandisa kana tiine zvatinoda kuti tizviwane kubva kune
anazvo. Tinogona kukumbira kubatsirwa kana kukumbira mari kana kukumbira kuti
tipiwe chose chose chatingade. Munhu anokumbira anofanirwa kuzvirereka oenda
pasi petsoka dzemunhu waari kukumbira kuti zvaari kuda zvimufambire.
Kuzvininipisa kwacho kunogona kusiyana zvako hudzamu hwako nekuti munhu ari
kutaurwa naye ndiyani panguva iyoyo. Nzvimbo inoda kucherechedzwawo
patinokumbira. Unogona kushaya zvaunenge uchida nekuda kwekutadza kuziva
nzvimbo yakanaka yekukumbirira zvaunenge uchida. Kazhinji zvakakosha
kukumbira munhu pasina vamwe vanogona kuzokanganisa sarudzo yake.

Kana kuri kukumbira ruregerero taona kuti takanganganisa tinofanirwa kugona

kuona kutadza kwedu tokumbira ruregerero tichishandisa musambo wekukumbira
uyu. Uyu musambo une kuzvirereka mukati zvokuti zvinova pachena kune
atadzirwa kuti munhu anzwisisa kutadza kwake.

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 Mienzaniso yekukumbira ruregerero;

‘Ndine urombo nezvandakaita…ndinokumbirawo kuregererwa kutadza kwangu..’

‘Shamwari ndakagara pasi ndakaongorora zvandakataura ndakaona kuti zvakaipa

chose. Ndizere nenyadzi nhasi uno ndichikumbirawo kuti undiregererewo.
Handichazozviiti zvakare..’

Basa

Ngatironganei mumapoka tiumbe mitambo yakasiyana-siyana umo tichataridza

mashandiro emusambo wekukumbira uyu. Mitambo yedu ngaibve muzviitiko
zvakasiyana-siyana muupenyu.

10.2.13 Musambo wepadare

Padare panoshandiswa musambo wepadare uyu. Mumusambo wepadare
tinofanirwa kuzvininipisa pavanhu vari padare tichivaratidza kuti tiri pasi petsoka
dzedare rinenge richititonga. Kana tichida kupa pfungwa dzedu padare tinotaura
kuburikidza nemukuru anenge aripo zvichienderana nekuti idare rakaita sei.
Panogona kuva namambo kana riri dare redunhu rose, kana kuti rinogona kuva dare
diki remusha rina samusha, sachigaro kana sabhuku. Kana ari matare enyika kune
mamajisitiriti, majaji nevamwewo vatongi vakuru. Ava vakuru vematare
vanofanirwa kuremekedzwa chose mumusambo uyu kunyangwe ivo vakuru vedare
vachitikudza zvishoma nekuti tinenge tiri pasi peutongi hwavo. Kana tiri padare
hatingotaure tisina kupiwa mukana kana kutaura ivo vakuru vachitaura.
Unofanirwa kutaridza kuti unoremekedza dare nekuita kusingashore dare.
Haufanirwe kushandisa mazwi asina rukudzo padare kana kuita zvisingadiwe
padare. Kudaira nharembozha yako hakutenderwi mudare unobva watokandwa
muchitokisi pakarepo kana ari matare enyika nekuti unenge washora dare
zvikuru. Kudya mudare hakutenderwi kana kutaurawo zvako neumwe munhu
mudare. Kana vakuru vedare vauya unofanirwa kusimuka kutaridza kukudza
dare. Kupfeka nguwo dzisina hunhu unonzi washora dare. Nguwani
hadzitenderwewo mudare. Izvi zvine mutongo wazvo zvoga zvichienderana nedare
racho. Kana tichitaura padare tinofanirwa kuzvirereka nguva dzose
kuremekedza nekukudza vadare sokuti;
‘Pamusoroi changamire, munyori, makurukota, nemi mose makateerera….’
Kana,

‘Pamusoroi sachigaro, munyori nemi mose muri pano….ini ndasimuka kuti….’

(zvichienderana nedare racho) Izvi zvinotaurwa tichiuchira maoko kana ari matare
echivanhu. Hatiuchire zvedu kana tiri kumatare enyika asi mazwi ari pamusoro
ekukudza vadare anofanirwa kutaurwa kuti musambo wedare ubudirire.

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10.2.14 Musambo wekutuma
Uyu musambo tinoushandisa kana tichida kuti munhu aite zvatinenge tichida.
Unoshandiswa paya patinenge tisingatarisire mhinduro asi kuti patinotarisira kuti
munhu aite zvatinenge tataura. Musambo uyu unoshanda nemazwi ekutuma. Izwi
racho rinofanirwa kuratidza kuti zviri kutaurwa zvinofanirwa kuitwa sokuti;

Kana tichituma munhu mudiki kana watisingaremekedzi kana mumwe chete

tinogona kuti; Famba nekukurumidza. kana tava kutumawo vanoremekedzwa kana
vakawanda tinoti; fambai nekukurumidza.

10.2.15 Musambo wepabasa

Uyu musambo watinoshandisa kana pane zvebasa zviripo. Zvepabasa zvinosiyana
zvichibva nekuti zvii zviri kuitika. Chinyarikani chiripo kana pakava nekutaura
nevakuru vebasa nezvebasa sepamisangano nezvimwewo zvinoitika pabasa zvinobva
zvaita kuti musambo uyu uite misambonyana inobva muzviiko zvepabasa
zvinosanganisira zvinotevera;

a) Pabasa panogona kuitwa misangano. Mumusangano imomo mune matauriro

akakodzera anotarisirwa. Vanhu pamusangano vanotarisirwa kutaura nerukudzo
uye havangotaure, asi kuti vanotaura kana vapiwa mukana nasachigaro
wemusangano iwoyo. Kutaura kwose kunoitwa kuburikidza nasachigaro iyeye.
Kana usina kupiwa mukana wokutaura hautaure. Mazwi anotaurwa anofanirwa
kuve anokudza vamwe vari kuitwa musangano navo. Mumusangano munewo
maitiro akakodzera anotarisirwa sokuti hamunongedzanwe kana kuitirana
zvingaratidza kuti pane kushora umwe mumusangano.
b) Pabasa panogonawo kutsvakwa vanhu vebasa (mbonano/indavhiyu).
Pachiitiko ichi panewo matauriro nemaitiro akakodzera anofanirwa kuitwa
mumusambo uyu kune ari kutsvaka basa kuti pave nebudiriro mumusambo
iwoyo. Musambo uyu mazwi anofanirwa kunge aine rukudzo kuti vakuru vebasa
vamuyemure. Munhu anotsvaka basa anofanirwa kuve nerukudzo kuvakuru
vebasa. Zvipfeko mumusambo uyu zvinofanirwa kunge zvakashambidzika uye
zvakatsiga zviri zvipfeko zvinokodzera kutsvaka basa nazvo. Kana wasvika
pamukova wemba inenge iine vakuru vanotsara vabasa, unotarisirwa kugogodza
wozopinda kana wanzi upinde. Kana wapinda unofanirwa kumirira
kukwaziswa nevakuru vanenge varimo nekuti ndiwe mweni imomo.
Hausvikogara pachigaro usina kunzi ugare. Unotomirira kupiwa pokugara
wozochigara zvako. Magariro ako pachigaro anofanirwa kuve nehunhu.
Haugare kunge uri mumba mako. Kana wagara hautange iwe kutaura usina
kunzi utaure. Kana wanzi utaure unofanirwa kutaura zvabvunzwa kwete
kungoyaura nezvisina kubvunzwa. Kana kungava kuseka kunofanirwa kuva
nehunhu kusingaenderere zvokuti varidzi vebasa vanokahadzika nehunhu

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 hwako. Zvokusvisvina kana kutsenga zviwitsi zvinoshayisa basa. Zvokudya
hazviitwi kana pari pakutsvaka basa. Matauriro ako anofanirwa kuve
nerukudzo nguva iri yose.
c) Pabasa panogona kutambirwa vanhu vanenge vauya vachida kubatsirwa
nezvepabasa ipapo. Kana vanhu vasvika pabasa vanofanirwa kutambirwa zvine
mutsa. Matambirirwo avo ndiwo anoita kuti vade nezvepabasa ipapo kana kuti
vasade nezvapo. Kana vanhu vatambirwa vanokwaziswa. Kana zvichiita kuti
vapiwe pokugara vanopiwa chigaro vochibvunzwa kuti vobatsirwa sei.
Panguva iyi matauriro evepabasa anofanirwa kunge aine rukudzo nguva dzose
kuhweni uhwu. Vanhu ava vanofanirwa kubatsirwa nekukurumidza
vasingapedzerwe nguva yavo.
d) Panogona zvakare kutambirwa nhare dzebasa dzine chekuitawo nezvepabasa
ipapo. Musambo webasa ndiwo unenge uchishandiswa pose apa. Kana dziri
nhare dzepabasa dzine madairirwo adzinoitwa kuti anenge achitaura ataridze
unhu hwakanaka kune waanenge achitaura naye. Nhare dzepabasa
hadzifanirwe kurira nguva yakareba dzisina kudavirwa. Izvi zvinotaridza ari
kuda kutaura nevepabasa ipapo kuti pane vanhu vane chido nehany’a nevanhu
vanenge vachida kubatsirwa nezvepo. Izwi remutauri rinofanirwa kuva
neunyoro pose paanotaura. Mazwi aanotaura anofanirwa kutaridza rukudzo
kumunhu waanenge achitaura naye. Paanotanga kutaura anofanirwa kuzivisa
mutauri kuti nhare iri kudairwa nevepabasa papi. Kana zvadaro anofanirwa
kubva akwazisa mutauri achaya nhare iyi achibva amubvunza kuti
angamubatsire sei. Kana mutauri ava kutaura zvaachaira nhare, zvakakosha
kuti mudairi wenhari ateererese asataure sokunge ndiye achaya nhare iyi
achikanganisa muchayi wenhari. Kana apedza kutaura mudairi ndipo
paanofanirwa kuzotaurawo achipa rubatsiro rwake kune achaya nhare.

10.2.16 Musambo wekunamata

Uyu musambo watinoshandisa kana tichitaura nenyikadzimu. Musambo uyu tinopira
zvichemo zvedu, kugunun’unira kana kurumbidza venyikadzimu. Kana tichishandisa
musambo uyu tinowanzoshandisa mazwi ekukudza vadzimu vedu kana mwari wedu.
Maitiro edu nemapfekero edu anosiyana zvichibva nekuti tinonamata tiri kupi.

10.2.17 Musambo webembera

Mumusambo uyu mutauri anotaura zvakaitika paruzhinji asi pane munhu waari kuda
kuti azive kuti nyaya yaakaita yava kuzivikanwa. Mutauri anotaura zvaanoda asi asina
munhu waari kunyatsonanga panyaya yaanenge achitaura. Bembera rinotsvaga kuti
ari kutaurwa arwadziwe kana akataurawo achipindura vanhu vobva vaziva kuti anga
achirehwa ndiye.

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 Basa

Itai mitambo yakasiyana-siyana pane zviri pazasi muchishandisa misambo

yakakodzera.
i) Munyayi ari kuramba mukadzi.
ii) Mukomana ari kuda musikana.
iii) Mwana ari kuda kutenga muchitoro chako.
iv) Kubata maoko pafiwa.

10.3 Musambo weKutaura neUnhu hwedu

Unhu ndihwo umunhu huri mumunhu hunoita kuti vamwe vakuzive hunobuda
kuvamwe nematauriro uye maitiro ako.

Unhu ndihwo hunoumba munhu akakwanira. Hunogona kuve unhu hwakanaka (hune
mutsa) hwatinotarisira nekushuvira kuti munhu ange ainahwo asi hunogonawo
kuvewo unhu hwakashata (husina mutsa) hunogona kuve pamunhu kunyangwe
husiri hunhu hunotarisirwa nekuyemurwa pamunhu.

Hunhu hwemunhu hunoonekwa muzviga zvatakadzidza zvemusambo izvo takaisa

mumapoka maviri makuru anoti matauriro uye maitiro;

a) Matauriro
 Sarudzo yemazwi emutauri aangashandise mumusambo iwoyo kuvateereri
vake inoburitsa pachena unhu hwake. Kana mutauri akagona kucherechedza
izvi anonzi matauriro ake anotaridza kuti ane unhu hwakanaka (hune mutsa)
hunotsanangurwa nemazwi angakwanise kujekesa kunaka kwahwo sokuti;

Anoremekedza/ ane rukudzo, ane tsitsi, ane rudo, anokoshesa vamwe,

anozvininipisa, ane hany’a, asingavhaire/ asingadade, asingazvikudze.

Kana mutauri akatadza kucherechedza zviga izvi ongotaura zvake akasununguka

nepasingade kuti adaro, anonzi matauriro ake anotaridza kuti ane unhu hwakashata
hunogona kutsanangurwawo nemazwi anojekesa kushata kweunhu hwacho sokuti;

haaremekedzi, haanyare, haana rudo, haakoshese vamwe, ane ruvengo,

anovhaira, anodada, haana hany’a, anozvikudza.

Mutauri ane unhu hwakashata anogona kutaura sokuti;

i) ‘Rumbwa rwenyu rwararirondin’on’odza usiku hwose. Rwupei machira rwuvate.’

Mazwi angatsanangura unhu hwemutauri angasanganisira; anodada, anoshora, haana
rukudzo.

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ii) Munhu anovhura mukova wanga uchigogodzwa obva angoti, ‘Mabvira kugogodza
kare kare muri kumbodei chaizvo?’
Mazwi angatsanangura unhu hwemutauri uyu angasanganisira; mutauri anodada,
mutauri anovenga hweni, mutauri haana rukudzo kana kuti haakoshese vamwe.

 Izwi remutauri rinewo chekuita nematauriro emutauri. Paanotaura

mumusambo uri kushanda rinogonawo kuita kuti vanhu vagone kudoma unhu
hwemutauri. Ndipo paya patinonzwa vanhu vachiti mutauri akazhangandira
nekuti matauriro ake anenge achitaura unhu hwake hwakadaro. Izwi remutauri
rinogona kutaridza kuti mutauri anodada kana kuti anotyisa zvichibva
pamabudisiro ake mazwi mamwe chete anotaurwa nevanhu vose. Saka izwi
rinotaridza pachena unhu huri matiri patinenge tichitaura nevateereri vedu.
b) Maitiro
Maitiro emutauri mumusambo anoitawo kuti vanoona vagone kudoma unhu hwemuiti
wacho. Muroora akapfeka zvipfeko zvipfupi pana tezvara anganzi haana rukudzo kana
kuti anganzi anokwezva varume. Kana ukapiwa chinhu ukasaratidza kuchifarira
nekuita kunoratidza izvi kungangosanganisira kuuchira kana kutyora muzura, unonzi
uri munhu asingatende.

Maitiro anogona kuonekwa ari muzviga zvina sezvatamboona pamusoro zvinoti;

i) Kushandiswa kwemuviri kwakakodzera mumusambo

Zviripo zvakasiyana-siyana zvatinoita nemiviri yedu kuzadzisa misambo yekutaura. Izvi

zvinodudzirawo unhu hwemuiti zvichibva nekuti zvaitwa nemutowo upi. Kana munhu
ari muroora anofanirwa kupfugama kana achipa tezvara zvokudya. Kana
akasapfugama osarudza kupa tezvara zvokudya akamira, vanoona vanobva vatoona
unhu hwake hwakashata kubva kumaitiro ake iwayo hwekusaremekedza. Kana
muroora akapfugama zvakanaka opa tezvara vake chikafu anonzi ane hunhu
hwakanaka nemaitiro aya hunogona kutsanangurwa sokuti anoremekedza

Mafambiro, magariro, maomberero kana matyorero atingaita mizura kana chese

chingave nechekuita nekushandiswa kwemuviri mumusambo wekutaura chinogona
kuita kuti vanhu vagone kutaura hunhu hwako vangokuona uchizviita.

ii) Kupfeka zvipfeko zvakakodzera

Zvipfeko zvinoitawo kuti tigone kutaura kuti munhu ane hunhu hwakaita sei. Munhu
kana takamuona tisati tataura naye tinogona kubva taziva unhu hwake zvichibva pane
zvaanenge akapfeka panguva iyoyo. Mapfekero ake anogona kuti titi munhu ane unhu
hweupfambi asi tisina kumbobvira takamuona achizviita asi kuti tangoona mapfekero
chete.

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iii) Kucherechedza vanhu vatiri kutaura navo

Kugona kana kutadza kucherechedza vanhu vatinenge tichitaura navo kunoita kuti
vanhu vagone kutaura unhu hwemunhu ane maitiro akadaro.

iv) kucherechedza nzvimbo iri kushandisirwa musambo

Zvakakoshawo kuti tigone kucherechedza nzvimbo yatiri nemusambo uri kushanda

panguva iyoyo. Matauriro nemaitiro edu ane chekuita zvikuru nenzvimbo yatinenge
tiri. Kugona kana kutadza kuziva nzvimbo yauri pakushandisa musambo kunoitawo
kuti vanoona vagone kutaura unhu hwedu.

10.4 Kudoma Mhando yeMusambo

Kudoma mhando yemusambo hachifanirwe kuve chinhu chakaoma. Taona kuti tine
mapoka makuru emisambo maviri ane misambonyana ine chitsama paboka rega-rega.
Misambo yemhando iyi inogona kuzivikanwa nenzira nhatu dzinotevera;

a) Nezita reboka guru sokuti Chinyarikani kana kuti Musambo weKunyarana.

b) Nezita remusambonyana waro sokuti Chiroora.
c) Mubhuku rino mazita maviri aya akabatanidzwa kuti tizive boka guru
remusambo uye tizive musambonyana uri kutaurwa pamisambo yemapoka aya
sokuti musambo wekunyarana paChiroora. Izvi zvakakosha pakuti
zvinojekesa musambo wacho chaiwo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Madomero
akadai emusambo achabatsira kutsaura kana chingava chinyarikani kana
chisekedzani chacho kuti ndechemhando ipi nekuti chinyarikani chingashanda
pana tezvara nemuroora chinosiyana nechinyarikani chingavapo pakati
pemwana nababa vake.
Tichaona kuti munhaurirano imwe neimwe mune vatambi vanenge
vachitaurirana. Mutambi umwe neumwe munhaurirano ane musambo
waanoshandisa zvichibva muzviga zvine nhungamiro kusarudzo yemusambo
wokushandisa wakakodzera. Kunyangwe vanhu vangava vachitaura vose asi
umwe neumwe wake anogona kunge achishandisa musambo wakasiyana
neunenge uchishandiswa newaari kutaura naye nekuda kwezvinangwa
zvakasiyana-siyana pakutaura kana nekuda kweukama hune vatauri. Izvi
zvingareve kuti mubvunzi anogonawo kungotora mazwi emutauri mumwe chete
otoumba mubvunzo ungade kuti tidome mhando yemusambo washandiswa
ipapo.
Muenzaniso wemubvunzo; Doma mhando yemusambo uri kushandiswa neumwe
neumwe wevatauri vanotevera.
Mutauri A: Ndasvika ini mutakura mombe mbudzi iri hata. Ini
Mugezanemukaka weganda rinochiviwa nevasikana.

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 Mutauri B: Tibvire apa Jonasi. Tsvaka zvimwe zvokuita.

Mhinduro;
Mutauri A Musambo wekuganza
Mutauri B Musambo wekusekedzana pachishamwari (chishamwari /
chisekedzani)

Asi mubvunzo unogona kukungobvunza musambo umwe uri kushandiswa

nevatauri mundima. Kana zvadai vatambi ava vanganzi vari kushandisa
musambo wekusekedzana pachishamwari.

Kana mubvunzo usina kujekesa kuti unoda kuti udome musambonyana here kana
kuti zita reboka guru remusambo wekutaura wabvunzwa, haunganzi watadza kana
wakadoma mhando yemusambo nemadomero angakurekukira pane ari pamusoro
ndokunge tiri kutaura zvemisambo yemhando mbiri huru idzi. Imwe ine mazita ayo
hainetsi inongodomwa nemazita ayo saizvozvo sokuti; Musambo wekubata maoko.
Kugona kudoma musambo unenge washanda kwakakoshera kuti kunotaridza kuti
unoziva mataurirwo nemaitirwo mumusambo iwoyo.

10.5 Kupindura Mibvunzo

Tichasangana nemibvunzo yakasiyana-siyana yemusambo. Muchikamu ichi tichagona
kusangana neumwe wemibvunzo inosanganisira iri pazasi kana kuti masanganiswa
emibvunzo iyi yoga kana nemimwe mibvunzo inogona kubva kuzvimwe zvikamu
sechikamu chehukama sezvo misambo yekutaura uchibva muukama hune vanhu.

1) Mumwe wemibvunzo yatichagona kusangana nayo ndewekudoma mhando

yemusambo. Mibvunzo yakadai tichaiwana ichibva pahurukuro yose kana
pamazwi akataurwa anenge akapiwa kana kuti pamaitiro akasiyana-siyana
anenge akapiwa.
2) Tinogona kusanganawo nemibvunzo inoda kuti tinyore tichigadzirisa
matauriro evatauri vakasiyana-siyana kuti matauriro avo ave ane mutsa
kana kuti akanaka. Iyi mibvunzo inodawo kuti munhu azive matauriro akanaka
anopindirana nemusambo unenge uchida kugadziriswa mumubvunzo. Mibvunzo
yakadai inobata matauriro anova ndiwo atinenge tanzi tigadzirise.
3) Mimwe mibvunzo inogona kuuya ichibvunza kuti unyore zvemaitiro
anozadzisa misambo yakasiyana-siyana. Mibvunzo yakadai inoda kuti uzive
zvemaitiro akadudzwa muzviga zvemusambo pamusambo umwe neumwe
zvinozadzisa mhando yemusambo unenge wabvunzwa.

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 4) Panewo mibvunzo yatichagona kusangana nayo ichada kuti tinyore
zvingataurwe nemutauri mumusambo unenge wakadomwa. Mubvunzo
unogona kukubvunza kuti unyore mazwi aungataure kana uchibata maoko. Izvi
zvoreva kuti unofanirwa kunge uchiziva mataurirwo anoitwa nevanhu
mumusambo wekubata maoko.
5) Panewo mibvunzo yekudoma zvakatadzisa budiriro yemusambo
wakashandiswa. Kana iri mibvunzo yemhando iyi zvingava nyore kwatiri kana
takaupindura tichibva nekuzviga zvemusambo. Unogona kutanga nekutarisa
matauriro ake kuti anga akakodzera here kana takatarisa sarudzo yemazwi
yaiitwa nemutauri muhurukuro iyoyo. Kana wapedza nezvematauriro batawo
zvememaitiro akasiyana-siyana anotevera musambo womutauri uchibata
zvawanzi utaure. Uchaona kuti pfungwa dzine udzamu hauzonetseki
kudziunganidza.
6) Kana mibvunzo yekudoma zvakaita kuti musambo wakashandiswa ubudirire.
Mibvunzo yakadai inoda kuti mudzidzi abve nemhinduro yake kuzviga
zvemusambo zvatakadzidza zvinobata matauriro nemaitiro emutauri.
7) Panewo mibvunzo yekudoma hunhu hwemutauri. Iyi mibvunzo inoda kuti
tizive mazwi anokwanisa kutsanangura hunhu hwemunhu hwakanaka
nehwakaipa kubva pamatauriro nemaitiro ake.

Mienzaniso yemibvunzo
1. Tsanangura kuti musambo wekutaura chii. [1]
2. Ndeipi misambo inoshandiswa kana tichitaura mune zvinotevera.
i) Kana uchida kugara pachigaro chakagarwa nemumwe.
ii) Kutaura kutadzirwa kwako.
i) Kana uchida musikana
ii) Parufu
iii) Vanhu vaviri vasiri kuwirirana.
iv) Kana uchipa nhoroondo yezvakaitika padare.
v) Kana uchitaura uchitarisira zvataurwa neumwe pasi.
vi) Kana ukataura uchizviisa padanho repamusoro-soro.
vii) Kana uchitsvaga basa.
viii) Kana muroora ari pamusha patezvara. [10]
3. Nyora hurukuro diki inoburitsa vanhu vari kushandisa musambo wekusekedzana
pachizukuru.
4. Doma zviga zvitanhatu zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti musambo uri
kushandiswa unzi wabudirira. [6]
5. Kugona kushandisa musambo wakakodzera kwakakosherei? [2]
6. Sarudza misambo mitatu yawakanzwisisa ugotsanangura zvinhu zvitatu
zvawakadzidza zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti musambo unzi wabudirira. [10]

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Zimsec 2018
Chikamu 1
Mubvunzo 4

Verenga chindima chinotevera ugopindura mibvunzo inotevera.

Taruwona achangopedza gadziriro yake, akananga kuhofisi kwaainge adanwa

kunobvunzurudzwa nezvebasa. Hapanawo chaimutadzisa kuti basaro rive rake nekuti
mapepa edzidzo yaidiwa aiva nawo.

Achisvikapo akaona atomirirwa nevarume vatanhatu. Paakanzi apinde, shasha yainge

yakaisa zvayo maoko muhomwe. Shasha yakasvikozvuva chigaro. “Ndauya.
Chindibvunzai zvenyu.” Akadaro Taruwona.

Vabvunzi vakashamisika. Paakachinzi ataure nezveupenyu hwake akatanga kutsenga-

tsenga chiwitsi. “Zvandakatumira mapepa ane chekuita nezvangu kare wani madhara.
Mondinetsereyi? Taurai zvebasa iri. Ndipei basa ini ndinorigona. Girafuti ndokudya
kwedu isu mayuti.”

a) Ndoupi musambo wakakodzera kushandisa pakadai? (1)

b) Dai waiva iwe mutungamiri wedare revabvunzi, Taruwonga waimushaisa basa

nekuda kwezvikonzero zvipi? Doma zvishanu. (5)

c) Iwe ukadaidzwa kuindavhiyu ndezvipi zvinhu zvina zvaunofanira kuchenjerera

kuita zvinokwidziridza maratidzikiro neunhu hwako. (4)
[10]

Muenzaniso wemhinduro

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