PRESENTATION FINAL CONCEPT PAPER

Submitted by:
ANCHETA, HYA ALESSANDRA JOWILLA; BAUTISTA, JOHAN RICHARD; CABARRUBIA, MARIANO;
GARCIA, GELLIENNE LOUISSE; LANSANGAN, JEMILA; MATEO, WYNN MER; RIVERA, KURT CEDRICK
Section: EE 1-4
Topic assigned: Urbanization

Title of Presentation:
A Concept Paper on the Significant Effects of Concentrated Energy Generated by the Metro
Rail Transit (MRT) to the Air Pollution
General purpose:
This paper aims to outline the potential dangers associated with MRT or Metro Rail Transit's
use of concentrated energy in its trains, which can contribute to air pollution. Knowing if
there are any potential risks that commuters and communities around MRT are
encountering can benefit everyone around the world, not just those who are directly
impacted. The environment in which we live can be protected from any harmful impacts
by addressing potential dangers as soon as possible. There are other types of concentrated
energy, but biodiesel is the type that the MRT uses. Biodiesel is an alternative renewable
petroleum-based diesel fuel manufactured from any plant oil, animal oil, or even leftover
cooking oil, according to Penn State University (2016). For every diesel engine, biodiesel
works incredibly well as an alternate fuel and only needs minor modification. Low levels
of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and other hazardous
gasses are produced when biodiesel is used.

Biodiesel: A Renewable, Domestic Energy Resource. (2016, June 9). Biodiesel: A Renewable,
Domestic Energy Resource. Retrieved February 9, 2023, from
https://extension.psu.edu/biodiesel-a-renewable-domestic-energy-resource

Objectives of the presentation:

Public transportation in the Philippines is so dismal that some have called it uncivilized.
The everyday struggle of the commuter in the Philippines is primarily hours of waiting for
a ride and getting caught in the pollution that indicate a chronic lack of attention to the
health of commuters, which is made worse by an ineffective and disjointed public
transportation network.

The objective is to learn about how biodiesel can help the current pollution situation in the
Philippines. A domestically generated, clean-burning, and renewable alternative to
petroleum diesel is biodiesel. The use of biodiesel as a vehicle fuel boosts energy security,
enhances the environment and air quality, and offers safety advantages.

Biodiesel benefits and considerations. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Benefits.
(n.d.). Retrieved February 9, 2023, from
https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/biodiesel_benefits.html#:~:text=Biodiesel%20is%20a%20do
mestically%20produced,environment%2C%20and%20provides%20safety%20benefits

Methods for Accomplishing Objectives.

Air pollution is a big hindrance in society that people must prevent.

In 2021, the greenhouse gas emissions from the public transportations— trains,
jeeps,cars; the sector in the Philippines amounted to 31.54 million tons of carbon dioxide
(CO2) equivalent. This reflects a 12 percent increase from the previous year's total
emissions. Thus, to prevent this, there are methods to stop, manage, and eventually
lessen air pollution in different ways: 1) Automatic engine shut-down/start-up (AESS);
AESS systems control the engine by stopping or starting it without operator action. This
system not only turns off the main engine while idling but can restart the engine when
necessary. 2) Auxiliary power unit (APU); APUs are diesel-powered engines installed on
the locomotive to provide air conditioning, heat, and electrical power for accessories like
 lighting, on-board equipment, and appliances. These engines normally have 20 to 50
horsepower. 3) Fuel operated heater (FOH); FOHs don't use generators to provide
auxiliary power because they are built to heat the coolant and oil to enable main engine
shutdown in cold weather. The engine coolant and oil are instead heated to the desired
temperature of 120°F via circulation. The cab and passenger spaces can be heated by
FOHs as well. 4) Shore connection system (SCS); In order to power compatible onboard
systems that would otherwise need the main engine to idle, locomotives that are equipped
with SCS systems can "plug into" an electric pedestal.

Reducing air pollution may be difficult in the long run, but it is a severe
environmental problem for it can lead to a number of illnesses in people, some of which
can be fatal to a wide range of life forms, including plants and animals, which are known
to be negatively impacted by it. Thus, this could also lead to a progressive economy of our
country for it to be a better and pleasant place to live in for the future generations.

Ferman Lao. (2014, October 7). Are private cars really the biggest cause of pollution in
Metro Manila? https://www.topgear.com.ph. Retrieved February 9, 2023, from
https://www.topgear.com.ph/features/feature-articles/are-private-cars-really-the-biggest-caus
e-of-pollution-in-metro-manila

Impulse, S. (n.d.) Solutions to air pollution: how to improve air quality? Retrieved
Feb 9, 2023 from solarimpulse.com website:
https://solarimpulse.com/air-pollution-solutions?fbclid=IwAR15Jbh8RPY1-srJIKsfNr5OZT
P8tQKTV3cadqJoyhqIs-i73iuvnGQypKI#

Rail Facility Best Practices to Improve Air Quality. (2022, October 18). US EPA.

https://www.epa.gov/ports-initiative/rail-facility-best-practices-improve-air-quality

Target Group:

The main target of this project are the commuters and people in Metro Manila; this will help
them arrive at their destination through railways in urban areas, which will be more effective
in transportation. Different commuters, like students, workers, and ordinary citizens, will
benefit from this project in a way where their commute will be less-time consuming, safer,
cheaper, and greener.

The train fuel will be made of conservative energy and will help reduce air pollution and
green gasses in the ozone layer, making it more eco-friendly. This will also reduce the air
pollution in Metro Manila. The project also aims to prevent traffic and improve the train
system, which will benefit the commuters in commuting, making their trips effective and
less hassle.
Evaluation strategy:

Once the strategies were successfully used, and the objectives were reached, the
presentation would be considered complete. Once it is established that using biodiesel as a
fuel for trains is sustainable for the environment, other auto manufacturers may follow suit
and develop automobile models that utilize biodiesel as their fuel. Additionally, suppose it is
proven that biodiesel is environmentally destructive. In that case, this may serve as a
warning to manufacturers to convert to a much safer fuel that may be used to run trains in
order to reduce severe air pollution in Manila. By generating energy on-site, buying green
power, or purchasing renewable energy, local governments can set a model for others to
follow. Using a combination of renewable energy options might help accomplish local
government goals especially in some places where availability and quality of renewable
resources varies.

Results/Benefits Expected from the presentation:

Metro Manila is known for serious pollution caused by mass vehicles in the cities that can
affect the health of people and the environment. Trains can solve problems in traffic,
transportation, and air pollution. Trains reduce the number of cars, which also helps
reduce the usage of fuel and diesel. Introducing concentrated energy to trains can reduce
air pollution and greenhouse gases. It will improve the lives of the people and the quality
of the air in the cities.

Concentrated Energy that can able to run the producing energy from fossil fuels without
emitting any greenhouse gasses, while also lowering some types of air pollution
increasing energy supply diversity and lowering reliance on imported fuels fostering
economic growth and employment in manufacturing, installation, and other areas

Harbison, G. (2009). getting the True “Green” Benefit of Renewable Fuels. Energy
Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1080/01998590709509493

Local Renewable Energy Benefits and Resources. (2022, December 19). US EPA.
https://www.epa.gov/statelocalenergy/local-renewable-energy-benefits-and-resources

Members tasks:
● ANCHETA, HYA ALESSANDRA JOWILLA: Methods for Accomplishing Objectives,
Evaluation strategy
● BAUTISTA, JOHAN RICHARD: Target Group, Results/Benefits Expected from the
presentation
● GARCIA, GELLIENNE LOUISSE: General purpose, Evaluation strategy
● MATEO, WYNN MER: Methods for Accomplishing Objectives
● RIVERA, KURT CEDRICK: Objectives of the presentation