STRUCTURES

SUPPORTING
TO0TH AND
OF THE
STRUCTURE
ahci one sott h S ue component.
S1RUCTURE OF THE 100TH
thiee harc
nisue com
pone nis
made up of
The tooth is
are
The harcd issue conm ponents
Enamel
that coves the ana tomle cvouwn
Outermost layer
minealizedl tissue of
fhe body
Haidest and most highly

2 Denin
bulk of the tooth.
Hard connechve hissue
that makes up the
and cementam on the
oot portion. Enarmel
Covered by enamel on the coun porhion

8. Cemenfum Denho
Covers the oot porhon of the tdoth.
the ename at the cementd- enamel junchon.
Ovelies the racliculay denin and joins
The sott tissue compo nenf IS
Pulp
Pulp
Only sot1 nssue compon ent-
the tooth.
Rool Cconal
Ocupies cental portion of

Peviodonial Ligament Cemenhim

dhe alveolar cockets of maxilla and mandi ble.
-

Helpt in he suspension of teeth in

connechve tissue with bundle of collagen fibres atached on one side to cemenhum of Peviacemal
Compyises
tooth and other side to alveolay bone. ligarred

Neiveeand
Uood cuppi

Apiral for omen

 OF 1HE DECIDUOUS DENTITIONI
CHRONO LO GY

CHRONOLOGY OF THE PERMANENT DENTTION

Firsi evldence of Croudn
Toolh calcthcation Complefion Erupfion Koot
Complehon Tooth Pivst evidence of
Crouon
Certal incisor 3-4 mos. in utero mos 1h mos.
Calci ication
Completion Evuption Roof
Cental incitor 3-y mos.
Complehon
in utero 5 mos 8 mos
Lateral incisor 4a mos-
1-8
Lateral inicor 10 mos
4-5
UPPER Conine 5 mos. in utero mos 16-20 m0S
Canine 4-5 mos
3- 1yrt
JAW 6-1 1-12 u
5mos in utero mos 12-16 MOs. 13-15
first molar 2-2hy, UPPER
First premolar l2 -

t3a mos 5-6

6 mos in utero 10-12 mos 20-30 mos 3 yrs 12-13 T
Seconcd molar JAW Second pre molar 2- 24 mos
6-7g -1g
12-I49r6
Frst molaY A birth 2'lh 3
Cental inci sor Ha mos- 1n utero mos 6W2 mosS. a-2 -1yr -10
Second molar - 3 mOs
Lateral inci sor a mos in utero 4mos. mos a -2g's 1-8y 12-13y 4-16 yr
Third molar 1-9 mos 12-1
LOWER 5 mos utero mos 16-20 mos 2-2hyT 17-21 g 18-25
Canlne
JAW Cenal inu sor
5 mos. 1n utero 6 mos 12-16 mosS 2-2a r 3-4 mo 6-7y
fist molar
Lateral fnei tor 3- mos.
Second molar 6mos in utero t6-12 mos 20-30 mos 4-5g 1-8 y
Canine -5 mos 6-1 y1s 12-

First premolar 13/4-2 U

LDWER S-6s 1-12 8r n-13 u
Sequenceof Eruphon JAW
Second premolaY 2/4-22 s I-12 3- s
laderal t, firt molar
is cental înci sor followed by At birth 9h -3 y 6-7 y -10 u
first deciduous tdoth that appoar în oral cavity
lier
molars. Mandi bular teeth evupt slhighty
ear
Serond molar 2la-3 y -13 gr 4-15 ys
tirst molars, Cani nes, and then the second
nearly at the same time Third molay 8-10 Ys 12-169 7-21 19-25
han maxillary teeth. Bolh vight and let teth erupt

Sequente of Evuption
First permancnt footh that eupt id the Oral cavihy is fust molars followad by mand eu

cental and lateial ncisors, mandi bular canine, madllag

Ca and lateral ihcisors, maxillary
tanine,
n a n bular first premolart, maxillaiy and mandi bular &econd premolas, maxijlay
third
hax lag onc mandibular second molar and mayillary and mandi bulay no
 TOOTH NUMBERING SYS1EM

Uriver tal Narmbering Syutem

notation.
Short honded system
of tooth Detafre Internatonale) Deidacus Danrhition
(Frderañon Men lar Mai larg lef
are
FDI Sustem
(oinmon systems
B C D
Univesal system
Palmer notaion system Mandi bala left
Zsyg mondy
Per tnanerd Demiion

Uoiversal Nanbaring Sysiem Maxilarg Tighr Madl l

tein ard uppar case leiter: A inrough T fbr pimary teh 2 2 5 25 2 23 22 1 1 17

- Uses number 1-32

for parmanenB fhe lowey idht
32 3
Mandi bal ay g
Manabday Iet

right hird molar ahd endi wth

tavts from ihe uprer
This numbaing syriem
cdockuie diechon.
hied molar in a
Lsuamondy ralmer Natation

7ugmondy falmer Notaion Deri danu Danition

Ma a r gnt Mailarg uf

associate an informaion in a speúke tboth CB A A

deisis tD
Palmer notaion is comomonlg used by ohich quadant the hoh BAA B C

ard symbols ae designaded for Masdibalor v

Mardibalar 1tf+

Deniion divided iid fou quadrant>

1:formec represents upper left
vepreent los Pea manent Deniion
The symbol *Tepeterts upper
right quadrant, L
Mai lan 1eft
louoer rigrt Maxillarj ight
et and 7 eprestts o dhe tooth close to the madan 5
1-2 oith the ltatt digt assigned 31 5 43 5 6 7
Permanerd teeth fs numbered close to the midune 1 4
A to the toolh Mandl bula» left
A-E, align
teeth it 1epreseried by
Mandiba'ar vight
-
Deriduout

Federation Notahon
FDT Wold Dertal FDT Hold Derial federahion Notation
deih wih numbers-
A System
ued to ldertifg Devdudus Denhion
Quadrart
Dentifion, Arch, Maillary left
First digit irdicatrs Mai larj ight

-Secord digit indicadesPosition of tboth 55 S4 53 52 5 6 62 S

11 72 73
85 84 82 8 Mardibular left
Mardi balar ght

Permanent Denition
Marllarg lef+
Mau llary ight 2 22 23
18
7 15 J4 2
33
48 4 45 4 4 42 43 Mant 'bulb left
Mandi bular ighr
 CROWN AND ROOT

CROWN AND ROOT

enamel.
is covered by
of tooth hat
Poltion oithin
and embedded
CROWN cemenfum

of toth
hat i covered by
ROOT
Portion
tingle/mulhiple.
be
bone, may Rool

CCYvIx

Croon

TUNCTIONS OP ToOTH

TUNCTIONS OF TOOTH
ENAMEL
JUNCTmON CET)
I.CEMENTO the root xafed
croun and cementum tovering
the
The junction
between enamel coveing
the tdoth.
at cervix of
CDJ

£NAMEL
JUNCTION (DET)
2 DENTIND of the tooth.
behweeh (oional dentin and the enamel
Ihe junchion
in nature.
T 1s scalloped
JUNCTION (CET)
3. CEMENTO ENAMeL the yDot.
behoen Yacdicular denin
and cementum coveting
The junchon DET
 CROWN
ANATOMICAL

CLINICAL
AND
CLINICAL AND ANATDMICAL CROWN
that Is
vicible în the oval
Cavity
of the tooth
he porion
CLINICAL CROWN
enamel.
at erouon haf 1s
covered by
The entre porfon
CRO WN
ANATD MICAL

Clînical
Croon Anato mical

Croon

ANATOMICAL RO0T CLINICAL AND ANATDMIC AL ROOOT

eLINICAL AND

embedded în daw bone and coveved by

CLINICAL ROOT he porfon of root that f
gngival fisue and not exposed to ora tavhy.
cementum. Cliniccl
he entite Porhon of 1oot covered by
ANATDMICAL RO0T Root Anatomical
Rool
 CUSP
CUSP OF CARABELLI
CUSP
a Tooth making
divicional ar
hauL
of the
of
on
ciown pomon
elevaion/ mount
> îH is an

occlusal surface or molar tdoth.

of cuspid, bicuspid
surtace

seen on the occlu sal

are
They

CUSP OF CARABELLT

o maxillay hrot male

molar,
or mesiolingual Ccusp
or palatal aspect
cusp
on lingua
AccessoTy
second molar.
decaduous
maxi llay
Also on

TUBERCLE
fomahon of UINGULDM_
an extra TUBERCLE
the croLon produced by
elevahon on some porñon o
A smaller

enamel

CINGULM
surface of incisors or canines
on the lingual
T h is a bulge/ elevation
 RID GE
LABIAL RIDGE
the Sutace of the tooth.
on
linear elevaon present Pexman ent Maxillavy Right Conine
Any Cusp Slopes
Cusp ip
LABIAL RIDGE Labial iege

cervico-incisal
direchon on the labial surface of eahines
in a

Ridge thaB runs verhcally

of the tooth.
and extends to
the cervital region
Starts fom the tusp ip
canines thah mancdibular caninet
More piominent in maxillay

Labial id8e

tusp
Cusp Slo pes

LIN GGUAL RID GnE LINGUALRIDGE

surtace of canihes
in a cervíco- indsal direetion on the lingual
Ridge Hhat runs verhcally tosta intd hoo Cusp ip
ertends to the cingulum dividing the linqual
-Stats fom the cusp ip and Mavqi nal Riage
canine than mandibular canine
-
More promi nentm maxillary Lingunl Ridge
LIhgun a Line

Cingul ur

Ctogulum
Maiginal vidge
Lingual vidge
Dhgunl fosoe

Cusp p
 RIDGE
LINGUO -INCISAL
LINGUOINCISAL RIDGE
elirecton
elirecton on the
the incisal
ncical a red of 4.
in a mesio- distal
mesio-distal
the
that yuns horizontally
-

Ridge
croun of the upper incisors
Hhe
surfate of
ingual on the incisors.
tossa
border of the lingual
Forms the lower

MARGINAL RIDGE
MARGINAL RID GE
the mesial and distal margíns of the
Those tounded bordes of the enamelhat form
distal margins of the
Occlusal surface of premolats and molars and dhe mesial and
surtaces of the incisors and canîneg
lingual
I n anierior tecth Yun verh callin a cervico-incical clivectho n

tDYM the of the ingual surtace eîther 8ide

boundary on

I n posterior teeth : Yun hovizbntally in a bucco Ingual direction

O m the boundary of the oclusal surface

 CuSP RIDGE CUSP RID G1E
the Cucps which oL

or
inclî'ned
sutates
of
mesial and distal slope!
-The Meso Bucal Ireioe
of varging gharpneit Disto Baal Inclina
to torm cusps
angles Meual (up idgt
DitalCasp Ridae

Disto Linguol Inclint

Meio- Lingsal Ridgt

TRIANGULAR RIDGE

O pemolas
and molar oward 4h
tiom the ipt ot the
cuP
The ridges that
Yun
-

center of the occlusa 8urtace d recemble hooo sides

are ihc li ned
of each side o the idge
Named so becaute the slopes
ofa Aviangle.
TRIANGULAR RIDGE TRANSVE RSE RIDGE

TRANS VERSE RID G1P

that oin
Formed by too iangular vidgez Cbuccal ancd lingual triangular ridge)
teeth.
hransversely aciossthe occlusal surfare of the posterior
 0BLIQUE RIDGE
0BLIQUE RIDGE
surtace ot maxîllary mola
occlusal
ihe

runs obliquely
on
cdüd- buca) cusp andl 4the dlital
that ot the
The idge
of the langular dge
the union
-

formecl by
mesio- palatal cusp.
of he
ridge

P/L

CERVICAL RIDG
CERVICAL RIDGE

on the cervical 3rd of the

in a meslo- dlstal direction
runs horizontally
Ridge thad
surface of the
Crouon

buccal dhe permanent molart

teeth and on
Prominent on all deciduous
 MAMELONS
MAMELONS
the fncical vidoaot
htuly
.

tound on

thre1ounded
protubarances
the the labial povtion af the
Mamelons are the three obes
from which

eruried incisor teeth, repietenting

SuPPLEMENTAL GROOVE
Hooth develop

DEVELOPMENTAL GROOVe

and linear depreasion Seen, Sepaao

Developmental qiooves
are shaply dethinccl, nard
trom differen lobes
of a tooth developing
the major portiona whlth divides the occlutal
distinct cemal developmertal groove
A l l povderidr teth have a
aspect fnto too palts
in bucal or
lingual direction eeparalo
tound extending
Additional developmental qrooves ave surtatet
which 2Xtend oto The butcal and lngual as

the cusps from adjarent onet may

bucral and lingual groove

DEVELOPMENTAL GROOVE

SUPPLE MENTAL GROOVE

shalloud groove which is less cdistinct +han the

+ is a small rreqularly placed
developmental groove
beñdeeh
developmental and are not tound
heze grooves are
supplemental to a gove

developmental portions of a Hooth.

 FOSSA

or concavity
formed on the
lingual surface of an
tooth
Treqular depretsion
tooth.
Occlusal surface
of posterior
TRIAN GULAR FOSA
TRIANGULAR FOSSA
CENTRAL FotsA

found in posterior ov occlusal surtarejoined inside the marginal iclaes

Seen odjacent to mesial and distal maginal idges yespecti vely.

CENTRAL FOSSA

Maror fousa found on the occlusal suface of molais ohich are tormed by the converaint
eging idngs
erminafing at a cenhal point in the bottom of a depresion, where the re is a ction of

90Oves

DISTAL POSSA
Major fosa sten on the occlusal aspect of maxillary molars ohich fs located dlislal to the STAL FsSA LINGUAL FOSSA
oblique ridge

LIN GUAL FOSSA

found on the lingual surfate of ateríor teeth, bounded by marainal vidges, cingul um
and linguo- indisal vidgt
The linqual fossa in canines ale divided imo two by |lingual vldgs

PlL
 PITS
junchon of deveinn
PiHs are small pinpoint depressions
located at he
iopmentaQroDVee o
at Herminalt of the giooVet
fund ot fhe depet pat of fossae, and
depending on
locanion
the locahian they PITS
Usually
and buccal oit.
namtd
as cenhiol t, mesial or distal pit, lîngual or palaial pit

LOBES

- A lobe Ts one of the primary 8echons ot fbrmoton in the developmeni of the

tYon
Cusps and mamelons ae vepiesentatves of lbbes.
All he deiduout incisor develop iM one lobe ohile the Seco nd deciduous molai: donl.
velop
fDm fve lobea
The linqual lobe ls vepresernted by cinqulum
LOBES PISSURE S

fiSSURES
-

Fissure t a cleft or dilch formed at Hhe bottm of a

develop mental grove
Tt ean also be a aite br initiation of cares
 SULCUS
on the urfate ofa
bidac lineay
depession
or valley tosth
A suleus Is a
of which meet af
the incli
a
nes
and cusps, angle to
Suleus is the area behoeen tidges SULCUS
called developmental gdove.
torm a goove

INTERPROXIMAL SPACE

cervical to 4heir conlact.

seen
between adjatent deeth,
TrianqulaV- shapec spares suvfates o adjacent deeth, the ba
tiangle are toroecl by the
proxi ma
-
The sldes of the o the tioo tdoth for ma the apey of
area
the contact
4he alveolay bone and
is tormed by
the hiangle or ntercevtal
llecd oth gingival tstues called papillary g/ngiva INTERPROXIMAL SPACE
OCCLDAL CMBRASURE
These Spaces are normally
papilla

O e e l u AL EMBRASURE

areas nan
out above the contact
enmbratutes are Spatet hat wlden
Intisal/occ\usal
Tncisal ov oeclusal diection
 LINE ANGLES

surtacec that meet each other. LINE AN GLES

between ndo
The yunction ANTERIOR EETH

ANTERIOR 1EETH
mesio- labial
have six line angles
They disto labial
Labioincieal line arglc Linguointisal line onge

mesio linqual Metioincisal line areie Disblingual line angle

distd Singual Mesojabial line onole Disiolabal lint ange

labio- Tnci sal

linguo incisal
Mesial
nbu7
Disial
Lo.biO
PoSTERIOR IeeTH

mesio-buccal
They have eight
line angles
disto buccal
PosTERIOR TEETH
mesio- Iingual
dbto - lingual Linquo- orelaral line anole
Mesio-ote lutal line anale

mesio- occlusal Mecio- linguol line angle

Dit-lirgual lir ongle
distd - Occlusal
Mecid-buccol line angle Dit-butral ire angle
bucco- Occlusal
Buto-ottlusol linc ongle
linguo occlusal

MerT
 POINT ANGILES

three sutatet mect and dre named

by joinîng 4he
me of
The point ohete those thre POINT AN GLES
Surfaces which meet

ANTE RIOR TeeTH ANTERIOR ICETH

labio-încisal Mecio lablalincical poinl angle -

The point angles are
Mesio-
Distabial incical poirt ongle
mesio linguo- încisal Meclolinguol incisal point ongle
Dishlingual incita paint ange
dleb ablo - 1ncital
clisto inquo- inci sal.
Mesid

Detal

PoSTE RIOR TEETH

The point angles are mesio- butco - Occlutal

messo-linguo- occlutal
PosERIOR1CEH
disto-bucco -Occhusa| Meslolingud occlutal polnt arde

disto linguo occlusal Mesiobuteo otclu sal point angle Dihlig.e celayal plal an
nanert
editiere
 CENTRAL INCISOR
MAXILLARY
PeRMANENT

CHRONOLOGY

LABIAL ASPECT
months LINGUAL ASPECT
3-4
First evidence
of calci hcañion
4-5 ears
Enamel completed
1-8 years
raption
oYears
Root Completed

Mesio- Mesio-dictal Labio- Labio Carvatura Curvoture

Cervico- length distal dlameter olngual lingual of cerialof cericol
incisa of yoo diamete n at dia mekyof diameicr otine- mes lal line-distal
cervix eron CYOUn a1
lengno of crown
Cervix
CYOWn

Dlmen sion s
7.0 7.0 6- 3.5 2-5
Suggested fdr 105 13-0
INCI SAL ASPEC)
caing in mm)

LABIAL ASPECT
rectangular oth sliaht cervical convergence
Squarish or

Mesial outline is less convex than distal outline.

Incisal edgeis saight
MESIAL ASPLC
LINGUAL ASPECT DISTAL ASPECT
Cingulum located at cervica) thic slightly to distal
Mavginal idae îs Seen
Root conial oith blunt ancd nounded apex

MESIAL ASPECT Lo
Triangular or wedge-shaped ciDuon

Labial outlne is convex

DISTAL ASPECT

Cuvatune of cervical line is less than mesial

aspect
INCISAL ASPE CT
Mecio - distal dimension is greater Ahah labio linqua dimension
 PeRMANENT MAXILLARY LATERAL INci sORS
CHRONOLOGY
First evidence of caleification yar
Enamel completed LABIAL ASPECT
A-5 yeas
Evuphon 8-9 yeas
LINGUAL ASPECT
Root (ompleted
uecurs
Corvico- Meslo Mesiodtstal Labio- Lablo
incisal Length of distal
dlameter olingua Curvahure Curvahure of
length ot diameier CYown a lingual of cervicaceral
of crown cervix
dìameter ot dtameter ot line-
Crown cervi mesia) C-dtal
Di mensions
Sugges tedfor 9-0 13.0 6-5 S.0 6-0
Caring Cin mm) 8-0
2.0

LABIAL ASPECT
DIstal outline is more convex than mesial INCISAL ASPECT
Tncisal edge is rounded with rounded
mesio- Incisa ahgle
LINGUAL ASPECTT
Lingual tossa i present wîth înverted v shape
Cingulum is present at the cervical 4hîrd.
Marginal vidges are present MESIAL ASPECT
DISTAL APECT
MESIAL ASPECT
Labial outline ls convex
Cervical third of ingual outline is con vex în the vegion of cingulum, and concave at lingual ossu
DI3TAL ASPECT
Cuvature of cervi eal ine is less.
Rool may show a developmental arooOve
INOSALASPECT
Ovoid or Yound shape
Cingulum is mo1e prominent and is centeled
 INc)sORS
CENTRAL
MANDIBOLAR
PeRMANENT
ABIAL ASPECT LINGUAL ASPECT
CHRONOLOGY

caleithcahon
: 3-4 monBhs
First evidence of
-5 8ears
enamel completed
7 years
erupion
Root comple tecd years

Lablo Curvatore Curvature

Mesiodistal Labio
Mesio-
lingua of cervicalOf cervica
Cervico Lengthofdistal iameter ingual diameley otline -
incisa
Tength ot
YooT
dhame te r
Of Ctown
Ot Crow
at cRYvix
cliameter
cYoWn Cewix mesial tsal
crown

6:0 S3 3:0 2.0

5.0 3:5
Dimension 12.5
Sugges heo fbr -0
carwng Cin mm)
INCISALLASPECT

LABIAL ASPECT

Nano w long apPearance

Mesial and dlstal
outlines are shalght.
Incisal edge is shaight

LINGUAL ASPE CT
MESIAL ASPECT DISTAL ASPECT
Shows a lingual taper
fossa 6een
Clngul um, maiginal ldges, lingual
MESIAL ASPECT
Wedgo- shaped, slight convexiny
at încisal /% rd
to dhe midline.
Tnci sal edge is located lngual
DISTAL ASPECT

Less cuvature of cervical line

More distinct developmental depyession on root

INCISAL ASPECT
Bilaletally symmehical
Gteater labid- lingual meas we ment than mesío -dlistal
 INCisORS
LATERAL
M A N D I B U L A R

PeRMANENT
LABIAL ASPECT
INGUAL ASPECT
CHRONOLOGY
3 to months
calcification
4
evidence of
first 5 years
y to
Enamel eompleted
7 o 8 gears

Eruption
1 o yeals
Root comple tecl
Lob Curvahuye olCurotore of
cerncalneCarvlallire
MesiodlistalLabio

Mesio dlameter ol ingual ngua of

dlameBer
mesia clistal
Cervico Length ot dista diameter oB cervix
incisal diameter oCroon at Cron
length of
yo6T
CroDn cervix
CIOOn
5-3 3-0 2.0
6-5
Dimensions
55
Suggechecl tor 9-0
Carlng in m) INCI SALASPECT

LABIAL ASPPCT
Crown is larger, nof bilaterally symmemcal
shovter.
Distal outline appears
shows a slope to cllstal divechion
Inclsal edge
MESIAL ASPECT DIS1AL AsPECT
LINGUAL ASPECT
Shouw's lingual taper.
cervical Vard slightiy dlitally placed
Cingulum present at
fossa moIe pro mi ne
Maigi nal idget, clngulum, lingual
MESIAL ASPECT
Wedge- shaped
Roof Is conica oith an apleal taper.

DISTAL ASPECT
inclinahon of Ciown apPeas to be more
Lingual
Degee of cevical curvahure ls less.

TNCTSAL AS PECI
arearter labio- lingual measurement than mesio-distal.