10 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

1. Alkene 2- butene

2.
Alkyne 2- butyric
OH

3. Alcohol R -

OH 2- butanol ,
"
° "°
4. Aldehyde R -
C butanol we '

' H
H
0

5. ketone
a. ÉK 2- butanone
°

°
g-
6. Carboxylic p, -
C' _
bvtanoic acid N '
01-1
Acid '
OH

R O R propoxybutane NOW
7. Ether
- -

8 .
Esters R -
É -

O -

R butyl proper
Ute § , ◦
M
' '

2. name
name carbon attached to -0

carbon attached to :O

w
Oate yl Nth

9 .
Amine R -

Ntlz 2 -

amino pentane N
° O

MINH
"
10 . Amide R - C butanamide ,
'
NHZ
Synthesis Of Alcohols

of Alkene
Method I -

Hydration
water 1- catalyst (1-12504)

:
examples
OH
%
A
"

II.
'

thsoy
2- propanol
¥÷:
1- methyl cyclohexane 1- methyl - l -

cyclohexane /

M
lot
3-
pentane )
OH 2 results

in
2- pen tarot

Mi this 04
,
n
octene 3-
methyl 3- octant
methyl 2-
-

3- -

2nd method -
Reduction of Aldehyde
) CNor 13th Li 11-11-14 )
reducing agent
+
t
1-130 ( hydronium ion
,
or

d
°

H -
C
"
""
T H -
-

OH

\
µ NaBH4 I

H
methanol
methanol
Synthesis of Ethers

1st Method -

dehydration of 2 molecules of alcohol

heat

*
remove HOH
Ctb -

OH + OH -

CH ¥+7
CH } - O -
CH
,
,

methane
methanol methanol
methoxy

CH
,
-

CHZ
-

OH + OH -

CHS -
7 CH
}
-

CHZ -
O -
CH}
neat
methanol
ethanol
methoxy ethane

synthesis of Aldehyde

1st Method Oxidation of alcohol

-

primary Chead or tail )

PCC and CHCIZ

¥ °
Pcc "
H
-

C -

> H -

C
I
Ctlzclz '
H
H

methanol methanol

OHG

CH
}
-
CH
,
-
c.
1
PCC
,
CHS -
CH
,
- c=°
I Ctzcyz '
H
H

1 * Reduction =
1- 2
hydrogen
Oxidize
◦ 2
hydrogen
-

CH } -

Ctlz -

it
Synthesis of ketones

Method 1 : Oxidation of
Secondary R OH
-

ice o
11
CH C CH PCC
CH
- -

} } > -
C CH
}
-

Ctlzclz ,
I
2-
④ propane

2-
propanol

5 6,104 H
=
°

2 /
"
' 1
i

3,4 -
dimethyl cyclohexane ) 3,4 dimethyl cyclo heeanone
-

)
"

Synthesis of carboxylic Acid C R -

C
'
OH

°
Method 1 Oxidation of
Aldehyde ( R )
'

C
-
.
-

'
H

°
PCC "
H C H C
-

, -

CHIK '
OH

methanol methanol'c acid

ñr÷ / I
\
. Cttftz It

34,5 -

tri
methyl texana /
3. 4,5 trimethylhexanoic acid
-
Esterification C Synthesis of Estes )

R - C -
O -
R

w
◦ ate yT
° °

,tcH3
" "

CH -
C ,
CH -
C
HEAT ,
} -
no O -
CH
}

methyl ethanoate

v0

~%+~→
'
heat
~ 10N

pentomic acid 1- propanol propyl pentunonte

Reduction Amination of Aldehyde

for PRIMARY AMINE
NHZ
° I
" "" B "
"
CH C
t NH
}
> CH -

C -

H
}
-

}
'
ti I

1- I

ethandl ethanamine

Br

° Ntlz
" NaBH4
I a + NH , /
}
C- H
'
H I
I

4- bromo -

3- methyl -

pentanal 4- bromo 3-
methylpentanamine
-
Reduction Amination of ketone

for SECONDARY AMINE

I

Ntlz
I
NuBH4
CH ]
a- I C t Ntlz ,
CH } C CH ,
-
-
-

}
-

I
2- propanol
H

'

2- propane mine

ix. Na Btk, I
1- Ntl ,
}
I 1

☐ Ntlz

4,5 -

dimethyl -2 hexanamine
-

4,5 -

dimethyl hexanone

Amides
Synthesis of through Substitution

° °
" °
"
CH ( ¥> "

,
-

( Hz -

C + NH
} CH
}
-
C
" "
\ Cl
OH NHZ
acid
halide
ethanoie acid ethan amide

°
" Pyridine
'
OH
c 1- NH → °
}
let ✓
\
Ntlz
acid halide
43,4 -

trinethylpentanoicucid 3%4
trimethylpentanamide
-