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o Appendix A
o Appendix A Gas Lift Design
o ThisappendixcontainsadetaileddescriptionoftheP|PESlMuser
interface dialogs.
l. Deepest lnjection Point Operation
l. This calculates the deepest possible gas lift injection depth for a
given injection gas rate and available injection pressure'
l. The controls and settings in Figure 23 are explained in Table 3'
11
l.
1
2 CdeJdcd Pcæagr
tm-- §h.r l.r*.Uord 8.r, d 0üB
l. Iaporaw
F-|ffiJ-/d-:
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ouqrF} I
l: Figure 23
f c.l"rd"-l
Deepest lnjection Point dialog
8
or( I c--r x*l
l:
l: PIPESIM Ailficial Lift Design and optimization, Version 2012
125
Table 3: Functionality of the Deepest lnjection point Dialog Box
Schlumberger
o
1
Palameter
lnjection Gas Rate
Functionaliÿ
Target final gas injection rate
o
2 lnjection Gas Surface
Pressure
Normal available pressure of injection
gas at surface. o
3 lnjection Gas Surface
o
Temperature of injection gas at
Temperature surface.
4 lnjection Gas Specific Stock tank specific gravity of injection
oi
Gravity gas.
5 Minimum Valve Minimum pressure drop across
lnjection DP opening valve for gas injection.
6 Max Allowable
lnjection TVD
Deepest possible depth for gas
injection, for example -60 ft above the
packer depth.
ol
7 Optimum Depth of
lnjection or lnjection
at Valve Depth Only
Option to allow gas injection at any
depth, such as a new tubing design, or
only at the valve depths previously
ol
ol
specified in the Tubing dialog box
(such as existing tubing design).
I Production/lnjection Plot of the production and injection
ol
Pressure Plot pressure profiles.
I Output File Access to the PIPESIM Engine Output
Summary File and Summary Output files.
10
11
Dip TVD
Calculated Liquid
The calculated maximum injection
depth for the specified parameters.
The rate associated with the deepest
ol
12
Production Rate
Model Outlet
Pressure
injection rate.
Normally, the operating wellhead
pressure.
ol
ol
ol
ol
PIPESIM Mifcial Ljfi Design and optimization, Version 2012
:l
o Appendix A
Bracketing OPeration
o This calculates the deepest possible gas lift injection for cunent
and future production conditions. The goal is to determine the
o range of injection depths to handle future gas lift requirements'
The controls and settings in Figure 24 are explained in Table 4'
o
o \ \**
\ \kI"P'üÙ'
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o
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o S.ddilg lrgr
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o 6' -,
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oK I
§lerÿ
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o Figure 24 Deepest Bracketing dialog
7
o
o
o
o
o
lo PIPESIM Artificial Lift Design and Optimization, Version 2012
127
Appendix A
Table 4: Functionaliÿ of the Deepest Bracketing dialog
Schlumberger
o
Parameter
lnjection Gas Surface
Funcüonaliÿ O
1 Normal available pressure of injection
2
Pressure
lnjection Gas Surface
Temperature
gas at the surface.
Temperature of injection gas at the
surface.
o
4
3 lnjection Gas Specific
Gravity
Minimum Valve
Stock tank specific gravity of injection
gas. o
Minimum pressure drop across
5
lnjection DP
Max Allowable lnjection
ryD
opening valve for gas injection.
Deepest possible depth for gas
o
ol
injection, such as -60 ft above the
packer depth.
6 Bracketing lnput Calculate the minimum and maximum
ol
expected operating gas injection
depths.
. Enter the initial expected flow
rate.
.
. Enter the injection gas rate
(or GLR). ol
ol
Enter the water cut in the
MIN row.
. Enter future values in the
MAX row
7
I
Production/lnjection
Pressure Plot
Plot of the production and injection
pressure profiles. ol
ol
Output File Access to the PIPESiM Engine
Summary File Output and Summary Output files.
9 Minimum DIP TVD and The calculated maximum injection
ol
Maximum DIP TVD depth for the parameters specified in
the bracketing output.
10 Model Outlet Pressure Normally, the operating wellhead
ol
pressure.
:l
128 PIPESIM Artifidal Lift Design and oplimizaton, Version 2012
.l
o Appendix A
o Lift Gas Response Operation and Plot
This calculates production rates for a range of gas lifi injection
rates to help determine the target gas lift injection rate for the gas
o lift design.
The controls and settings in Figure 25 are explained in Table 5.
o
o \
OddPr.§u.
tr*rnrdrrücbogP FA-
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o \ lrr*noasurataçzcut iiæ
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o
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/ Scnrtrù Dea krrcür Ga Bdt
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4' vr*r. l6IIîi-----l I
o
o Sumrryft.l
o t
125
r3
odt, Fa,
fo(lcüdJ|r:ol
o
Figure 25 Gas Lift Response dialog
o
o
o
o
o PIPESIN4 Ailricial Lift Design and Optimization, Version 2012 129
Appendix A
o
Table 5: Functionaliÿ of the Gas Lift Response dialog
1
Parameter
Minimum Valve
Functionaliÿ
Minimum pressure drop across
o
2
lnjection DP
lnjection Gas Surface
Temperature
opening valve for gas injection.
Temperature of injection gas at the
surface.
o
3 Max. Allowable lnjection
TVD
Deepest possible depth for gas
injection, such as -60 ft above the
packer depth.
o
4 lnjection Gas SG Stock tank specific gravity of
injection gas. o
o
5 Sensitivity Data Variables such as surface injection
Variables pressure or minimum injection valve
pressure drop.
o
b Sensitivity Values Sensitivity values.
7 Gas lnjection Range Range of gas injection rates to be
evaluated.
I Summary File Access to the PIPESIM Engine
Output File Output and Summary Output files. O
I System Plot View Lift Gas Response plot.
10 Optimum Depth of
lnjection or lnjection at
Valve Depth Only
Allows gas injection at any depth,
such as a new tubing design, or only
at the valve depths previously
o
specified in the Tubing dialog box
(such as existing tubing design). O
11 Outlet Pressure Model outlet pressure, normally the
operating wellhead pressure.
o
o
o
o
o
130 PIPESIM Ætificial Ufr Design and oplimizaton, Version 2012
o
o Appendix A
o The plot (Figure 26) includes the following information:
. Liquid production rate for a given injection rate and injection
pressure
o .
.
Sensitivity values
Range of gas injection rates
.
o Deepest injection depth for a given injection rate and
injection pressure.
o t*{rwttB. &
o
o
o
o
O
o Figure 26 Gas Lift Response plot
o
o
o
o
o PIPESI[/l Arfficial Lift Design and Optimization, Version 2012 131
Appendix A
o
Gas Lift Design Operation
This performs a detailed gas lift design, determining mandrel
o
o
depths, valve sizes, and test rack pressure.
Design ControlTab
The controls and settings on the Design Control tab (Figure 27)
are explained in Table 6.
o
6
\
o
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oodllr'
I
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
Figure
3
27 Design Control tab
o
o
o
o
132 PIPESIM Artifcial Ljfi Deslgn and optimization, Version 2012
o
o Appendix A
o Table 6: Functionaliÿ of the Design Control Tab
Parameter Funcüonaliÿ
Design Method Choice of three design methods: IPO-Surface
o
1
Close, IPO-PI Min/Max, and PPO Design.
2 Top Valve Assumption for positioning of the top loading
Location valve.
o Assume Liquid to Surface implies that the
entire tubing is full of liquid.
o
Assume Liquid NOT to Surface implies that a
static fluid column exists up the tubing, starting
at reservoir pressure at bottomhole depth.
Well Absorbs Fluid implies that as liquid is
o displaced from the annulus to the tubing during
unloading, the fluid moves back into the
reservoir and the height of the static column in
o the tubing does not change.
Clearing the Well Absorbs Fluid option implies
that, as liquid is displaced from the annulus to
o the tubing, the reservoir does not absorb fluid
and the height of the static fluid column in the
tubing rises.
o
3 Max.Allowable Deepest possible depth for gas injection, for
lnj. WD example, -60 ft above the packer depth.
4 Production Choose the type of production pressure curve
o
Pressure to be used for the design.
Curve . A production pressure model that uses a
single pressure gradient with gas
injection at the final operating point.
o . An Equilibrium curve that uses a locus of
production pressures assuming injection
at that depth.
o 5 Unloading
Temperature
Choose the desired options for the
temperatures to be used during valve
calculations for the top valve and subsequent
o b Valve
valves. Temperature options include
Production, Ambient, lnjection, and Unloading.
Choose the manufacturer, type, size, and
o 7
Selection Filter
Design
series of valves to be used during the design
calculations.
Option to design a new mandrel spacing or use
o Spacing the existing mandrel spacing, as previously
defined in the Tubing dialog box.
o PIPESIM Artificial Lift Design and Optimization, Version 2012 133
Appendix A Schlumberger
o
Design Parameters Tab
The controls and settings in the Design Parameters tab
o
(Figure 28) are explained in Table 7.
o
1\
2 \r.-'a-a
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a
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-
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o
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o
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l. lrî.dMrÉErn&
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fo- I c'tal H.ô
9
|
o
Figure 28 GLD Design Parameters tab
o
O
o
o
o
134 PIPESIM Artificial Lift Design and optimization, Version 2012
O
o Appendix A
o Table 7: Functionaliÿ of the GLD Design Parameters tab
Parameter Functionaliÿ
o 2
1 Kickoff Pressure
Available lnjection
Kickoff injection gas pressure, used to
position only the top valve.
Normal available pressure of injection gas
o 3
Pressure
Unloading Prod
Pressure
at the surface.
Unloading outlet production pressure,
used to position only the top valve.
o 4
5
Operating Prod.
Pressure
Target lnjection
Normal operating outlet pressure.
Required final injection gas rate through
o Gas Flowrate the operating valve. This is normally
determined from Lift Gas Response
operation.
o 6
7
lnj. Gas Surface
Temperature
lnj. Gas Specific
Temperature of injection gas at the
surface.
Stock tank specific gravity of injection gas.
o I
Gravity
Min Unloading Liq.
Rate
Minimum liquid unloading rate, used to
calculate the required gas rate, through
o 9 Solution Point
the unloading valves, to determine their
size.
Option to specify reservoir pressure, if
o 10
Rate / Fixed Rate
Bracketing
known, or the target liquid production rate.
Option to space valves below the final
operating depth for future use.
O NOTE: Max TVD is normally calculated by Bracketing. .t
o Minimum pressure drop across the
operating valve for gas injection.
Minimum spacing between valves.
o Static liquid gradient in the well before the
well is unloaded.
o
o
o PIPESIM Artificial Lift Design and optimization, Version 2012 135
Appendix A
o
GLD Safeÿ factors (Design Bias) Tab
The controls and settings on the GLD Safety Factorc (Design
o
Bias) tab (Figure 29) are explained in Table 8.
4 a
I Oxirpraar.r §d.§rer0rrcre.rl |
*qcaOeol o
kuc VJ« E-t;--sj
o
Chcirg 0ro9 8rtrçco
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&m!r:Fsol
lir'- 1. -.3_ed
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Uæaorûc! d SG!ùBÿôË bcâ(n
o
F
fOa-.C*-r"ldO,.Eleiù,gvdvrloce,
@-
o
/
3 o
o
I ox -l crÊt I H.b I o
Figure 29 GLD Safeÿ Factors (Design Bias) tab
o
a
o
o
o
136 PIPESIM Aûncial tift Design and Optimization, Version 20'12
o
o Appendix A
o Table 8: Functionaliÿ of the GLD Safeÿ Factors (Design Bias tab
Parameter Functionaliÿ
o 1 Locating DP at
Valve Location
For IPO and PPO designs, this option defines
the position of the valve above the intersection
between the design line and the casing
pressure line.
o 2 Transfer Factor For IPO designs, this option specifies the shift
to the right of the production pressure curve
from where the design line is drawn for the
O subsequent valve.
You have the option to speciff either a
percentage of the difference between the
o 3 Place orifice at
injection and production pressure, or a
percentage of only the production pressure.
This option places an orifice at the operating
o the operating
valve location
valve location if required. lf this option is not
selected, an IPO or PPO valve is used and you
have the option to specify a pressure drop to
o
be subtracted from the calculated test rack
pressure.
NOTE: lf a PPO design is being performed, there is a further iÛ:.
o option to place an IPO valve at the operating valve
location.
o Closing
Pressure Drop
Between Valves
When using the IPO-Surface Close design
method, the surface closing pressure drop
between valves is specified.
o When using the IPO-PI Min/Max design
method, a minimum surface closing pressure
drop can be specified.
o
o
o
o
o PIPESIM Artiflcial Lift Design and Optimization, Version 2012 137
Appendix A
o
Enter project data to be included on the Proiect Data tab
(Figure 30).
o
oaocctot I oü$PüalËürl
ftqær |t$ttatliinEl
§errerp.üotbl aoir*rot I
a
C.æü? lsl§
8.rd JüûÉ
c.rüt0ür..r l§l§ 0reaJrer tagrw
O.*7r€d;iÉ.. ISS
Aala.laOr. trv*
o
o
o
o
T-oa---l .!ï.., I I
o
Figure 30 GLD Proiect Data tab
o
o
o
a
o
o
o
138 PIPESIM ArtilTcial Lifr De§gn and Optimization, Version 2012
o
o Schlumberger Appendix A
o GLD Proposed Design Tab
The controls and settings in the GLD Proposed Design tab
(Figure 31) are explained in Table 9. An example of a GLD
o Results graph is shown in Figure 32.
o 'l -- nw".ao-u'
---ao ra
I
rnD
o z .------r=-.:
a---*f €do.rü f EdvJÉ. f ta rd!
o
a 8
a --4,
.ldO . fVf'"f,o*ot
S.fo.tv*..
:a
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I
I
7
o
I ,"t
o 5
c-arl I
o Figure 31 GLD Proposed Design tab
O
o
o
o
o PIPESIM Artificial Lift Design and Optimization, Version 2012 139
Appendix A Schlumberger
o
Table 9: Functionality of the GLD Proposed Design tab
Parameter Functionaliÿ o
1
2
MD or TVD
Edit Depth
View valve details by measured depth
(MD) or true vertical depth (TVD).
Option to manually edit valve depths from
o
3 Edit Valves
those calculated, followed by Perform
Re-Design.
Option to manually edit valve depths from
o
a
those calculated, followed by Perform
Re-Design.
4 Add Options to add, edit, or remove valves
o
Edit Selected Valve from the design.
Remove Selected
Valves
M,N NOTE: This
5
is available only if the
Perform Re-Design
Edit Valves box is checked.
Recalculate design parameters after
e
6 Run Diagnostics
editing depths, valves, or temperatures.
Option to investigate the gas lift design
performance with different operating
o
7 lnstall Design
injection pressures.
lnstall the new gas lift design into the
current tubing description.
o
I Graph
Report
View the Gas Lift Design graph or report.
o
I
o
Edit Temp Option to manually edit valve
temperatures from those calculated,
followed by Perform Re-Design.
Calculated liquid production rate for the
a
'10 Calculated
Production Rate at target injection gas rate at the operating
Target lnjection valve depth.
Rate
o
o
o
140 PIPESIM Artificial üft Design and optimization, Version 2012
o
o Schlumberger Appendix A
o O!üür, sfflPkar... Opê.e.n Aàqf..,
ÊalcrAtd Ê,odæür8àa. ü Trtd trù*hn Êdâ. S{3 Stg/d
o Iltt d".P"r -:l
fæe.rXuGFl
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o
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o §.üo
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7.m
9.m
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o F g.ffi
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tt,æü
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o
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o 5æ ,,rU 1,5(Ë .i,æO
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2.§&
l- Stro+rgqfUirnCrrrc lrrDærhwprodBrra.. I
O l- E,o"t- I P,i". I oo*ê |
o Figure 32 GLD Results graph
o
o
o
o
o
o PIPESIM Arlificial Litt Design and Optimization, Version 2012
141
Appendix A
o
Gas Lift Design Methods
The illustrations that follow are graphical depictions of the three
o
o
gas lift design methods available in PIPESIM:
. IPO-Surface Close (Figure 33)
. IPO-PtMin/Max (Figure 34)
. PPO Design (Figure 35). o
o
o
{ 1'd1! OFr
o
o
9ffi
D9
1'8
