Republic of the Philippines

i. Mud Department of Education

● It is often presented as a semi-solid product with the use of different REGION III-CENTRAL LUZON
clay and with the presence of oils SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
Examples: Mud clay mask MALACAMPA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL-STE
j. Scrub
● It contains various sized particles to exfoliate skin mechanically. DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze the following concepts. Answer the activities on a
Examples: Salt or sugar exfoliating body scrub separate sheet of paper.
CONSUMER CHEMISTRY QUARTER 3 WEEK 1-2
CHEMICALS FOUND IN COSMETICS

Direction: Answer the following questions:

1. If you have a very tight budget for your daily necessities, would you still
include cosmetic products on your grocery list?
2. If yes, what cosmetic product would still be included on your list?
3. Do you think cosmetics are essential? Do you consider them as necessities?
Why or why not?
4. Based on the graph presented, how will you compare the consumption of
cosmetics and toiletries in the Philippines to those in Asia-Pacific and global
regions?
5. Why do you think there is a significant demand for cosmetics among Filipinos?

Cosmetics can be defined as a substance or preparation intended for placement in contact

with any external part of the human body (this includes the mouth and teeth). It is also used
to cleanse, protect, and change the body’s appearance or alter its odors. Cosmetics are
limited on make-up and include creams, perfumes, talcum powder, shampoo deodorants,
and other toiletries. The definition, characteristics, and ingredients of cosmetics change
over time. People use available natural ingredients that they can find in their environment,
which they believe can enhance their physical appearances and help them improve their
hygiene.

Brief History of Cosmetics

Ancient Egyptians used scented oils and
ointments to clean and soften their skin, mask
body odor, and protect their skin against the hot
Egyptian sun and dry winds. They used myrrh,
thyme, marjoram, chamomile, lavender, lily,
peppermint, rosemary, cedar, rose, aloe, olive
oil, sesame oil, and almond oil as raw
ingredients of most perfumes Egyptians used in
religious rituals. Egyptian women applied
galena mesdemet (made of copper and lead ore)
and malachite (bright green paste of copper minerals) to their faces for color and
definition.
The Chinese stained their fingernails with gum arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and egg. The
colors were used to represent social class: Chou dynasty royals wore gold and silver; the
Middle classes wore black or red; Lower classes were forbidden to wear bright colors on
their nails.
Henna was used in India both as a hair dye and Mehndi, an art form in which intricate
designs were painted on the hands and feet using a paste made from the henna plant,
especially before a Hindu wedding. Henna is still also used in some North African cultures.
In Elizabethan England, dyed red hair came into fashion. Society women wore egg whites
over their faces to create the appearance of a paler complexion. Some people believed,
however, that cosmetics blocked proper circulation and therefore posed a health threat.
Italy and France emerged as the main cosmetics manufacturing centers in Europe, and only
the aristocracy had access. European women often attempted to lighten their skin using a
variety of products, including white lead paint. Queen Elizabeth I of England was one well-
known user of white lead paint, with which she created a look known as “the Mask of
Youth.”
In Edwardian Society, pressure increased on middle-aged women to appear youthful while
acting as hostesses. As a result, the use of cosmetics increased but was not yet wholly
popularized. Beauty salons rose in popularity, though patronage of such salons was not
widely accepted. Moreover, many women did not wish to publicly admit they could
achieve their youthful appearances, so they often entered salons through the back door.
Cosmetic Product Forms
Product forms are an essential part of quality control in the cosmetic industry.
Some cosmetics must have certain forms to prove useful for their designed purpose.
When we talk about cosmetic product forms, viscosity is very vital.
Viscosity refers to the resistance to flow. It also refers to how the product behaves and
flows when put in a particular container. The viscosity and product form is vital because of
the following reasons:
a. To make it easy to apply - A body mist must have low viscosity for it to flow freely and
be distributed in an even manner, while lipsticks and lip balms must be highly viscous to
stick on one’s lips and protect the skin.
b. To make it easy to dispense and use the right amount – Shampoo must be viscous
enough to pour it from a bottle in a controlled amount and need to stay in the hand while
applying it on the head.
c. To suit customers’ perception – customers often judge the conditioning benefits of a
conditioner by how thick and creamy it is.
Here are the different cosmetic product forms depending on their viscosity:
a. Liquid
● It can flow freely from runny like water to runny like honey.
● Water-based liquid can only contain a small amount of oils appropriately
solubilized.
Examples: perfume, body mist, skin toner
b. Gel
● It is thicker than liquid and has limited flow properties.
● It is formed through the use of gum or thickening agents.
Examples: water-based (hair-styling gel); oil-based (viscous hair oils)
c. Foaming Gel
● It is used to describe foaming products with honey-like viscosity.
● It has limited flow capacity and prevents the product from running out
of the hand since it foams up.
Examples: shampoo, liquid body wash, and foaming facial cleanser
d. Serum
● It varies from low viscosity gel to almost lotion-like.
● It is used to deliver critical ingredients in a light product form.
● It is made up of smaller molecules that can penetrate deeply into the
skin and deliver a high concentration of active ingredients.
Examples: Vitamin C serum and facial serum
e. Lotion
● It contains low viscosity emulsions.
● Emulsion – is a mixture of two naturally not soluble substances (like
oil and water) by use of a material to hold them together (emulsifier)
● It can readily be pumped or squeezed from packaging with a little effort
or may run semi freely.
● The viscosity of lotions can be altered by using different emulsifying
agents, consistency factors (beeswax or other waxes), or gums or
thickening agents.
Examples: hand and body lotion, medicated lotion
f. Cream
● It contains medium to high viscosity emulsions.
● It is suitable to be put in jars or small bottles with a wide mouth or
bigger pump nozzles.
Examples: Anti-aging creams, skincare creams
● Creams can be in the form of:
􀀀 Oil in water emulsions (o/w)
● droplets of oil in water continuous phase
● tends to have a light-after feel on the skin being waterbased
􀀀 Water in oil emulsions (w/o)
● droplets of water in a continuous oil phase
● has a greasier-after feel since it is oil-based
● It has higher viscosity because of its high oil content.
g. Powder
● It is utilized readily in the color cosmetics industry like eye shadow,
blushes, pressed, loose powder, and mineral make-up.
Examples: baby powder, talc, blusher, most of the make-up products
h. Balm
● It is mostly or entirely oil-based with semi-solid consistency.
Examples: Hair and lip balm, lipstick