99

ATER
OF HE WORLD'S NATER TS IN THE SALINE OCEAN ONLY 3% OF THE WATER IS FRESH OF
THHTS 3s, t81/ TS IN THE TORM or SNDGS ICE 501 IS THE GROUNDLJATER ROUI
ERS&JUST 034 1S IN RIVERS, LAKESLWETLANDU
SOURCE OF WATER
SSURFACE SOURCES UNDERGPOUND SOURCES
KaVERSTREAMS >SPRTNKS
>LAKES INFTL1RATION WELLS
PONDS INFLTTRATTON GALARRIES
STORAGE RESERUIORS wELS
ARTI STRN WE LS

TUBE LOELLS

DUGELLS DRA WELLS

DEFTNAITON
PRECIPITATIO: ORIER 1HAT fALL GN EARTH IN THE FORP OF RRIN, HALTSTKCETO
PERCOLATION: PROCESSOF LIQUTD SLOWLY PA SSTNG TIROUGH THE SOL
EVAPORT1O1 PROLE SS Of 00UI) TURNING NTO VAPOUK.
1PASPIRATION PEOCE S3 Py HcH PLRN1S IVE OFF 0RTER VAPOUR
OPCNTNCS IN THCR LERVES.

SURTRCES SOURC OWATER

KiVCRS/SIRCRIMS:
P2VER Ay BE PERENNTA.1ON ERENNIiL E QURLC NRT
 LAKES
L PRESENTS R LARGE BODy OF WATER ZI HIN LAN0 TT IMPERIOUS BED
PONDS
MAN MADE BODy
of STANDING WATER SOALLE R THAN A LARE QUANTT T OF OATEKR IS VERY
MRLL & (ONTATNS mANy PORT T1ES
STORAGE RESERUIOR:
AN PRTIFICIL LHKE FORMED BY THE CONSTAUCTION OF DAM ACRO SS A vALLEY IT CONSTST
OFA DAM A SP1LLWAY & AGIFT CHAMBER.

UNDERGROUND SOURCES OF WATER

SPRINGS
WHEN GROUND LOATER APPEARS AT THE SURFACE FOR ANY REASON, SPRINGS ARE FORMED SOME
DISCHARGE HOT OATE DUE TO PRESENCE OF SULPHOR & OTHER MINERALS IN THEIR FORMATI
THEY CAN NOT BE USED FOR DOMESTIC FERSoN.
7TTTTIT
CRAVITYSPRT Tr
ARE TAN
SPRIN
A TMPERT00S

AyER
PERVIOU S
LAYER TRENCH

INFILTRATION WELS
TN OFDER T0 COLLECT LARGE GUANTILIES ATER, IN FILTRAT 1ON ELS ARE SULK IN sERTE
IN HE gANKSCF RIVERS THEy ARE CLOSED AT 10forEN AT 6OTTOM OF INS PECTI
MANHOLES ARE PROVIDED. IN THE 1OP COUCR
4 10P COVE R
WATER MÁNHOLE SANDY RIVER
BED

LAND BED
4-JNFLTRATLON ELS
INFLITRTION GALARICS
ITIS A HORTZCNTAL OK EARBy HORI ZONTAL TUNNEL CONS RUC1ING THRO0GHwATER BEARJ
STRATA SEFUL OHEN GROUND WATER 7S AVATLABL IN SOFfI C1E N GuANTITY
USURLLy CONSTRUCTED AT 5-10 M FROM GROUND LEVEL
SUPEACE

CUT-OFF &JALL
SURFACE GF

MPERVOu GRoUNO nTeR

LAYER

LWELLS:
AN AR1IFICTAL HOLE OR PI7 MADE TN THE GRoUND FOR TAPPING wATER THE CHIEF
SOURCE OF ATER SUPPLY FOR 15-85. OF THE 1ND1 AN POPOLAT LON.

RUTOUS TURE OE LL.

ANER BORE

STRATNEK
LAYE

PERUTOU S LAYER P
TMPEUTOUS LAYER
o1 F BRE