EXPERIMENT NO

STUDY ON ASSEMBLING OF A MICRO YDRO

POWER PLANT.

Win g w a l l s wott0
COnoduct O
tank
u r t h

bay
s i l t b 0 S i

dTchonnel) Fooe

Intake
T aSh

Desiltn
tank
OCk

peNs
toch

We
chonne
Flood
Cob3S 9
Spillway
spillwo9
P ow e Y
house
Spillway
dswn

Tailsa
Ri ver flow

The main components of a typica micvo-hydro scheme ard

i) Diversion weid,
ti watey-Condu ctuo system with vequlating qates and Spillua
ini) desilting tank with spillway
v) headsate channel.
and spillway
v) fore bay tonk and desilting basin
vi penstock.
Vi powes house,and
vii) tailTace channet
 i DivexSion weid
A divession weis 15 designe d to divest and
mantain in the channe for vasiable
ConstalNt tlow
the channe/
flow in the Yivey ths0ugh the year If
vesuit Special attention is
OveTfills damage
Tegured to save the channel dubng seasonal
Plooding. The intake strurture vegulatrs the flotd.
Fuxthey cont rol ov vequla tion is provided by spi llways
in) watey- Conductoð Systom
betueen
Concluctos sustem is a channel
The waey- the desiltng
wel and desilting tank and between
t should be desighed to entthe
tank to forebay the tlow
least loss of heäcd due to Seepage and
s h o u l e be adequato to prevent
setting of||
veloci ty channef Sectioh s
Commonly used
Sllt The most follwS the Cohtous of|
chaKnC
tYapezoida/ The he elevation of the
a s to b r e s e v e
the hi7lside s0
dive rted watcr
||iii) Desilting Tank
tank is usually provide
din thee
A desilting
o f watey to tra the suspendc
initial Teaches eYosion
pebbles, S0 as to 'minimize
silt load and unner.
Hbrasive effects
the tusbine
damages to with increasing head
more pron ounced
be tome s//t particles to be ti pped tos|
The size of the tusbines ic 0:2 to 0:Smm anol anod that||
that
medium heod The depth ofa
heads Ís O:/
to 0-2 mm
foa high and the hoi2>ntal
be 1:5 to Ym,
Silt t a n k may
silt not eKceed o:4 to
cit should ber
flow relo
tonk a r e periodical|
7hE deposits 0f silt
06 m/s. tos fuwrthutdepositin|
flushed out to make voop
6Spilluway
Aspillway aoranqement pmuided at the
penstock in taKe andt does not allow the
the axra dusng
wates (e vel to Vse ard tlood
Sudden /oad rejection Hh opening iproidled|
minimum wales level.and
in the forcbay at the
lled Sotes is dis chasge ih the Yiver
the spi
e Foxe bay
Of water
H4orebay is a tempo ray stoscge
be finallyutilited tor eneq
(pondage)to
genction. he Stooaqe Size 7anges trom 2
economic
to 6 houas olepenolin on the
minu tes
justifia bilite
entry of
1Tash acks ave also povide d to poevent
trash, debris and ice The tlow ve city through
a

th t
toash ack is kept at 06 to 09 mls so
theve fs no sighiticant head loss
penstock is a wates conduit jbining a fostbay
and a turbine T( shoutd be sizedsuch th&
frictional losses do not reduce the head unduly. A
bell-mouth enty is provided to educe the head
locs and to ensure smo0th entiy of water
Tailace
Simple watey channel to tianspost
A tail7ace is a
with
trom the tuibinc back to the nved
discharge
max1mum flow of Imls
Powe Xhouse
Speed Grovesnod
The fequency and vo ltage of the gene Jatos output

depencls speed
on the shaft Volta9e variations u to
advesse lq affect mst
7 ave tolesable ond may bnot S% aboNe
0f the /oads. Fequency Vasiations up to
consideved
the Yatecd value butnone below it ave
as safe
In a small system, Uoltage and iequenty may
sattons fo
limits clusing auwitching ope
exceed these ú e dto cohtdo/
cluration. nove nos
are
a shot Tsacitional govebnodS give high pest00/mane
the speed in a mic bo
-

t8 be ustified
but are too expensive a below /0kh
for oner having
hyoo plant lepecially ade usuag
Non-Conventional approache o
Yating) veduce the cost The 9uality f conto
rating).
usedto adeuate t o satisty
S butit Can still be
pood
CommoN end Use Is
most
thot iS not uSed
9ehevatedenexqu
he ballast load(also
psoteuctively is wasted in the
An electdonic load contvolle
knownasdump load) this tunction. Thus, thel|
to per foxm
(ELC) s employfd
Contolle e n s u e s that
the qenerator
electbonic l o a electrical/ ad. Ln
load. I
Constant
a
always Suppies mechanica/ input and clectnial
both the the spe ed
this iyay, comstant and therefore,
the pe
output emain the part
this appoDach,
remainu cons
tantLn O7nsumed in the
consumed
ated
that i s C
of the geney enc
waste Foo 1an o f the si ve
ballast load is theYe is no provisil
as
is ielevant
Schemes, this p0oductive
w a te) fur lates
of unused
fox stoage
use
)Tusbine
A Suitable tuxbin e is Used to qet mech anical
power at the shaft frorn flouwing stseam of water
O CneneYato
both Synchsonous and induction types of AC
gen exators ave Suitable fo mico- hydso powes
plantndu ction generato7s ave less d onmon but
ae inccaSingly being used in small shemis he
man adantages T induution gereratos are that
they ase easily and cheaply available fos motons,
a e ugged, re liable , vequise little maintenance
and can withstand 100/ Ovey spetd Induction
Machines with a below 5kW Tating ave less
CO Stly than Synchsohous machine

energy is contin Ously

Hdvantage: 1) Hydyoelectxic a

Dnewable energ9 sOurce

mode Concentsa ted encrgy sesource
i1 Tt is a much
than eithey wind oy solay powe
Low envivomen taf inpact
) pollution.
LOw noise and aid
vSmall Seale issigation. and
has lou opesa ting
vi) Hydroele ctnc enesgy tntilation pooof|
cOsts, it is cssential
main tenance is a proven
tic enesqy technolo9y
vii) Hydroele cthat offers seliable and flexib(e
te chhology
Opesation
Tt has a shoot gestatim perio
vi) electrical- egupment (alternotr
ix) High pesfovming equatoas, et||
stovage,
contrS ciawts,bdttery ,

found in thé matket

Can eaily
be
and additionad
of Tetrofits,
x) The possibili'ty max the upgoading of eristingl|
tuxbines and qere satoos
install ationsattsactive.
 Disadvantage
i)Hyds0 3yste, unlike Solas co mponents fer exampl
do reguire Some mainteance
The velation of tus bine can kill ishes, esp e cioll
i)
swimmin 9 down sta
eam
tishes
young
SKilled and expeyienced han ds abe Teguisrd
1i
to build the plant
)Tnitial cost is high
VLimited p lant /ocation s
vi) Flood Risk
Emissions
Casbon and Methane
vi
Safety facto7 of mico-hyolro power p lant
iDusiny off Conditio adbine may space head.
ce of suxge
t a n k that may
pvessuvein absen
c a c duin
damaqe the turbine So w e shou ld
damageConditíOh of the sstem
that when is no
off bettes to
on turbine (othewise it is
|head at the begin in q ofpens tock||
install a surge tank
Situatio) )
to prevent the above
condition the Spillway at
ii'oduring flood propert
should work
different stuges
maintenaNce of the penstock
i) ropes any
We should take care safety against of the
electncal hazard at p0weYp houre
System miCYO
Conclusi0m Fisst ofall the Sail wJhere the
will be poepnreod peéds to be hard
hydo powe plant
and Some cjuirements are to potect the powueX
plant-Surge tnk, flo0d pvtection spillway
of the
safe ty value and popey mantenane
penstock