MicROANE AND UPTIAL RiEta

COMMUNIICAT1ON ASIGANMENIT ELF-B

9N&Ao46

lad DiAcus in detail the tpe-atitm a -hole dive chnal Coup-

les and delermine i S-martvin
A: P

PA
+ It Cenáiets qa waveguides , main and aunilioay wth two
two
-tiny hole emmen bttuween them
Theae hole age at a distane l4ohese g s guide
wOvelength
The tuwD leakages out of hde 1 a One in ph@Ae at

pesiHtHen hofe and hence, thty Add up tentvibuting to

The two leakaqes obe out o phole by iro at posilien o

hele. ond hendethey add up ntri bufih9
theserore
thy concel eachoth ts making R0
The magnitude maang
P 0 PouDel Ceming but d
hdles depends uptm thedimervion tusD heles
hele
Scateing uton 9 dtretienal ouple
t. Dfvettioral couplu has 4 PortSHente (] A a ury
matrin
o-Atl the pov 0e paelectty mathed
-O
3Symmetry plropesty&j
So3,Sa si, S Sa
SsSa
4TdealH back poube P, o, these ts
poet1 23
no
Couping bo
S So -
No upling blw potts 4
SySq2=0 -
S SSi2 SSi SS
S S S3
S3 Ss3
Sur Su Sea)
S1 Sty
S12 O

o S 0 S3
Say
Ss4

S
S 0
S O O
Ss
 IS+1S
tempasing :
S S -

Lempasirg

Let
Let is9heal Ond pesiHve
s, P Ss

-PS+ P 0
P+0 + = o -
T atiSty he obove eO S skould be a cêmple
yalu S, 39
-19
Ss mut be imoginaay

0 P O 19
0
-
0 P
9
phonamisitm pls0me-te P+
 6) Calulate he Oupling Hato i the po0 în piimasy
iA 66mu ond the powe deatvedto dtte tfional
wdveguide
Coples A mu

A:
CGitn,
6mo
way equide
The
The pou0t in pim0sy
couple Tmo
The powe dned fo diredienal
The

Coupingfactor
Couping attor 10log db

rolog
9-6B
 block diagram otpLal mictoulave
0 0 iaw the heat

bênth, enplQin the tunttienalGty q each blotk

A
Blotk diaGram mictouwave benth

Mictouale A enuatoY Freguen

Aousce
Teatur mEtes

Dete ctor glotted

Sechom
Prbbe TL

Lidatoi:
device uhith pAOvides Vesy small
t1A a tuwo pott
amount oHenuatitn foranAmiMien emport 1 +o pot 2
and phiovides maximuwm attenuati en
tranAmiAien Hem port 1
when we want to matth it
to putt 3.Tt A vey olexi10ble

vosioble load t allows pouwel ou &hu Rem

uwith A0unLe

he qeheator towasds loQd and 6uphess any helected pouoet

AHthubtoT:
ThTA Owavequide plete having a qh00ve en he
Atde by hnotating
latesal ATde by hotatin9 en the atexal

he ACuw depth changts

pentrakbn ohesistive ptcl changes
texe foY meQsuAing poue qoun ot tes
Powek input to a paxiuuas toge to
pAevent ove

looding and albo jor phovidling the Aonad gehea-tor

 hgnynele:
Tt fA ouo talled uoavemttes uAed CemutuL-i en o t

Lewiat a undM tal cavity mounted On o

Ahalt By 9ota
ohd
toyy heahajt the velune tn the tavity 14 hanged
0t the hes@ranE
H becemeA sbnaJhtThe Acole calulotote

regquen ay can be dYyecty aead 90m the Acalet ate obAcavir

bAeavird

a dip n the output méle

Slotd seken
the wave quude Cah
A cOupling probe mong altng
be
be Atd
wAtd to detcutthe AtOndng wave pattffn pAeLeht
inAidtthe wavequudeThe Alot 14 made in the Centreo o
Centre

Aefitn i VAWR
using VAWR
he boasd alotted Ud to7 meau

phose Ond împedante

Peetor mount
The detettor mount help to dtteet the louoeguency

Aguake wave moclulated mtutDUave Aignal

Mirouwave Aounte
he mtCowve AouAce 14 oehhal laboratDrpowe
Auppy whtch 4 Apeci ally designed to ust jo hep

-tubes of f o X bon d cguenu hange I t 14 heliahle

pouy U Aounce wtth veRM htoh hequlatien and louo

hipple endest
 Exphin n delo abut diyesent ype optical b.eau
wlth neat aketthe
A Optical bie the dala transntAiten metad hat moku
use o lht pulats rOvellin9 douon a leng t OHen
Cerustvucled opQufic br Ynerdbonts
gA tre

PYOtectng
Coodih -potyuseth0c

o u l a jocket

BulR
Pbe cloddirg acet

yp 9Pta bae
These Ose tuoo paimastypeuibne cah owhich has
Oun oppl atien These ahe multim ode (mm) PAber, udkrth haus
hou a
an
lasgt cove ad allousA mutHple pathe hioug hehbea and
ngle core (m) b , whith hos enly ne path, taDugh a mch

Anal Covt
*GAadient Tndex MulHimole b
Th the type o multimooe hbe id
m6tt têmmbm

ust today wrth the 9h0oet indeu mutimbcde ibhe igkt

tavelling clase toThe 0x1AHaves more slooly than the
tight neo the dadeing, Lohith eAuH in bete ouping

oy the ight 9ays

Step-tnlex multimode ibu
In thia ype omuHi
moole hba,
the ght trovel 3n
NObToLLA39309 and iect 9oute, bouning 0 the doceing-
he hesuH ishat dient
"modta oght adyive a
disenttime at the othe end he ibea hen he
desent modes be9in to
Aphead out, the leeA
Aiono
Abmt q it Aph.ahape

nge mode gical e

Single mode optical iba hAA Q Amalle core than
mulHmoele b e ahd allpuw ty
6ne mode o 99htt
|avel. Becauke thee ose tuwe Gght helechtnA, thiape
hou -theut Otnuatien,anel the igkt travel
(an
fast

Non-AAIO h t tbe (NDer)

NDAF wO the mêt êmmên type o-kbex tnstalled
inthe 19c0 Tt waA optimiAedtor the 13/0rm
SegTên
the Hbt the w0velength for Optical
hêtuwotking betore wa
Velength divialem multipltxin9 (wDM)
yst®md betame commm.
NDAF hos lotD AeATem in that
on9e
 ) IWhat ane jenites bxplain Fasaday
3.
hot ai en
AFeniteA
Fessites ase Cesamic ike mattutaA with magne ic
phopesies that ase weul n many ypes oelettienit
devices
They ase empoundA o e n Dides mefal vide

h e y ase d-taintd by ifnq pouoolesed otd ts o mO-e

fols at urod c of more 2 phing hem int ifesent
dijeient

shapes
hei genesal tmpesrlit A o heoym mCo-Fe,0s 1.t,
O mituse o metal oide suth mho2h0, Cdo,AGO

OPesusu ode

hey have neiAtivi ies, p 1otm gneatts than

Ynefols
A
Th drdettic enstant& ) iA Oaouwnd 10 to S

helative peAmeabilitiu o the or deu oteoo

Feites one ed în +o
many miCTowave devices fo
Aedute neplette d pouse tor moclulation pusp01 eA

Ausitthinq ircui t
be
Becoue otheit htoh hestAtivi ty they can

uktd upto tooGH

They hove asge no spinning elechen hesultHng

in Atreng magnetic propexties

be cauue o magnetic
dipale mornênt 0UA OGattd with edtren Api

aaaday Betatfen
Fasaday
Fagad0 Setotfen the otafien oj the plone o
o
petasiaotion h e tranaveMe electiom0gnethe wave 0t
paopoga-s iough a magneic mOtatad (ertiteu) in the
Jire ci tn macnetiAaien
The htgheAthe degsee ofaaaday 9otai0n,the better
The
Athe ma-esial to e a a micouwave phase Ahites
The plane q olaiAahem o h wave will Aotae
uSith diAt once

Any intgsly poloatne d wove (on ntgaded a he

lbe

VettoT Auum D to Couunttl aotating CYCuulasuy polastAe d

waves

B (MagneticPrela)

4Fessttes matefal pe ditRAent haacttaiaticA t thele

uwaves, uwith the esult that the ph0le thohge fot ene wave
o

14 asge than +he othe wave AeulHrg hno tati ên

2-l.
9 the
he Gneoul pelasiAe d wave Qt
iA Aevesed,the
T the direthm phopaga-Hen
 plane o ptlasikatien terti nuu to aotode in the Aame
dreeion he, Rom 2- I to 2o, the wave uwll aa7 ve batk
Qt 2-o pelastae d at on angle ye 9elafive to 2-0iA

Disettien o otationline0sly polosiatd uwove A

fndeendent o dirtt ien o ptpagatien wave

Ahole o notatien 'e 1 ven

-(B -p.)
B phase Ahit or ght ulasly polasiAecl (clocewise)
r

B-phaue Ahit jor lejt inulasy prlasilcel (Anti

cdockui

Enplain the desigh, uwortng pAinciple o culatos port a

A:The mest mmenly u d i ttulotov iA

port3 o 4 GIaula But a bQsc drulotoxo
COun hove any numbe ports
HeAe eath Hetminal tennetle to next
pPrt 3
clotk uwide terminal

i a -pOrt sevice,
+Hese pot- i Cennetted to port and povt A Lnne
povt
po1ty to
Cted to pott-3 ond pot-3fo port - ahd

het port ete.

They ase sed in pasameleic amplihesa

d TUnnel dibele
3-Ampifeu
4 Duplexes in Radax
4 aUlous Aignal to ow ny in one dire tien
 and destve
4la Frplain he opeathen q mogic Tee junien
&-matix Ge stme Qpplication magic Tee
A: pov-4

pork-4

poxt2
prt
Post

11 oP
of4tgral

povH-

pe

pOTt 3

width 2 te0clth
*Rectangula Auts ae ut both aleng the
qOlenc waveguidts ond ide asnmA ae atathed

pott -1 ase Dllinea asmA pOrt3 iA-asnm

pbrt- s E-Qum

Tt ertoinesthe pow dividing phopetieA e both FAH

plane ee
Tee 0e Comple-tely matthed
-A the ports o ylril
d-motin of EH plone Tee
a moti in ybyid Tee as hee ae ports
1.
[S) A 4xq

S Siy
So Ss4
-
Sa
Sq Sa
Fyem t-plahe Tee
S3sShs

3 PtnE-plane Tee,
Sa Sty
4. Frem Aymmefry paopkt
SiS SiSal, S23 S2S Sug
S Sp q=Sy D
s.Port-3 & pott4 ase Artloftl port and input at ptt 3
Lenhot came Out aat pOtt-4 and Vice vessa because oH

geometry

&aAe paeettty matthed

to the junetien
6- por

Sa S1
Ss SSr
Lej
S13
S1 S15
Stq-S o0

rem un ita pmpekty

O
1 S
S2
S12 S -SS -
S S O St SiB o o
0 O
Si
 Cempasing and eguQfing
-(0)

s,1- Suy -
Sub egh , tn a

GP+-o
ly. 1+ -o -
Equoting
StS
24 a signal 14-d at ene
q he colGn en povBs thexe
appeass no op Col lintaA ptt, Ance
atthe othes E-aum

phose plOdu cts delay & H-Am doeant roudee

i.S S -O
composing 9, &
ASiy S0 -
portA oe peetty mathed, since we 9et S0
 Hehte, in any -port juntHen, -ports 03e p jety matdhed
totht unttn, thn som0inmng port axe Qutom odfcally
maduhedo he unttien
Sudh a runtien, uhee all he 4-pors ase pejpcty matth ed

to +hejuntien, i4 called a m i c Tre.

(b7-la]J
b O

-I1G
o

b4J O

by t kay

by 4-

uAing , deiing phopesties magie Tee jor Aemet import-

ont (o,es

cOle-1:p appled at pot-3

O0-Q
&ulin
 bb , byby0
cQAe- p applie& at port -4

case-3 Ip applied a4 posl- 1

a
b0, bb, b
Cwhen poubel 1 Rd nto port pouo p Ot
hese is no

port inapit-e being ollinea pottsHence,povt - I&2 Ke

Oid Ab Q4ed potts
tly. EA-A ae tAlated ports
Calt- 1Ps Qt E and H 0e tgual. &at port -&iA el

, b, b =bq aD
port iA in
egua ps at pot 0 A 9AAuHy in op at &

ph@se
Case- 0, g Qyo
bibby =0, b= 0

E-phane Te junth and orHe

6Eaplain tn detail about
down wavequide Herminatitnd

A:Aectangula Alot 14 u al4 he boy-le dimenai cm

3 a Aide asm iA at+athe d.

aa leng wavegiele
 PPrt3

port

P o t

ptàta &aue olineas OSms 3 POtt Athe E-as)

E-plane Tee 4 Noltoge untiên o Aesies juntibn spmmtfical

am.
abat he centyal
y gnals that is to be split- 0Y ny two Aignal that
ase to be Gmbined will be hed em-the E-plane
lhen TEO mode 18 made to popogate into port the

two oPA at port&will have a phase

aAkiyt
Ahyt o
dHetibn when they
Since,the elftric field (int aqe thei
Lbme Ou-t of pottA it
A
cale d F-plane Te
In

hlhen the ?1p i appbed at alineas asma

i.e, at portD hen he output
out

olbtoined em the Alde asmA dependk

on the phaue othe inputs at oliheas aamA jor nAtarnee
phasedinpurts ase appbee port A pert s theh olp at
povt3 14 2010 Ond a 100 phale Ahiyt in Opphed blw pot

aunel port thern the bP at Y 3 A maimum

maimuum

shown.
 out

nlhen 9IP appued at ene o the olli neas asm ie, ot

poit O and the eapettive olp'% ae obtaine d at ptrt br
Aide 0tm

TnEplant Teejunt-ien, high amountenesqy delivesed

to n Quxil l0y quiele ten nected to a t1nAmiAiem (ne ,

tthe
h e au-illay quide Cennetted in AesTeA wfth -the

main ltne. HenteE-phose Tee junthtn 1A occaitmolly colle!

Sote Re