NAME YASH S.

PATHARI
RoLL NO. RO 4107/Ro
MTech Chemica Engneenng
-SpeclalizatioNi-PST
DATE
I/oR/20R1
PETRO LEUM PRODUCIION ENGGZNEERING
LCL-5051

ASSTGNMENT No: 03
Slo Explain .he types of starage tanks which
are used in eininq prodiciày -
dstibution of petoleum Prodiets.
ANS C) Tbe petroleum ydusty has expeienced
Significant_chaoqes i the typesf
producs uSedto feedthe refnenes
around the cworld.
(e) The qeneral ype_of atmospheic
Stonge tanks (AST) in use may be
Open top tanks (OT7L-fixed-roof
tanKs (ERT exle2al Floatieqkoof-
em Ks EERT a iqtema floaino-aaf
tan Ks (IERT_also depending o the
paducta closed loatin koat tasok
CCERT
CA)Dpe:2 top JanKs
GThe opAntop anks_ohs aoe of_ he
f i r s tanKs_used to Stoe petroleum
Producs
(ii) While itpnvides liquid comtayment
direetexpas ue of the liquid Suface to
the ataspbereassukeS bigh_eapoatie
losseS ProducE odoS ivncreased potent-
a fay iresTbe 01 has oalylimite d
LSe pimarily torCollectioy ot Contam9=
inatdnn-ofE o wsh waler
aStewa terpracesSes-
 CB) Fixed Roof anks
b e _ Fixed _roof_lamks proyides iopraved
contaiepeen of produe! vapars redus
ces be oteatial fb fivesThe FRT
etill_expase S the liquid5ufCe to
Lhe ank vapor_SpacepaduCiPa-
Signitcant prohuc evapaatixe osses
CL This ncases the passibiliu
Combust ble gas giXtue iA-
the vapar Space far Cetaio oore
Volatile petoleuo prducS
C ) Fay bhis caso tixed rost tankS-
retneries ar 9eneyally_uSEJ_fok
praduc ts cith_apov PeSSues _lesS
than_LE psia.

Cc)loatioq Roof Taoks =

li Elca in_Gat_lan KS pat
uSed in prcluclo_opeatonsflaato4
roof anKS are often used in PupP-
statians ar Termirals dhece the
Coude oil has beeo Stabilized to q_
vaporpregsue_of_less tha ll.psia
2 Define OLfeld facility Mention h e
unction d an aillield facility.
ANS Oiltield faclity
lhe equipment b e t e pn t h e ells &
he pipelineor other tanspaytaty
Sys tm 5called an aJfield faclity
An ollAeld facility i s different
troa
einery or chemical plat i a
mberot ys
Jhe pime
facalitis ncioy a f an eilEela
 Ci) Stpa ra te he oil gaS uwater
4salids-
Li Teat the oil to met SaleSsatistq
cion SLe.- BS W, SalL_Content vapoy
p tsSve. )_
Measure and Saaple the Oil to
determine s values
(iv)Deive it to_the anspaytatiom2
SystemGie tbe pipelinetnek or
Kailraadcar
S6Explain SuckeyRod
opngSuSter9
ith otat Diaqra-
ANSCI A_SucKey Rod Aumpis_an ayikcial
PPSystem Sed o compect the
-dauunhole puop aSsebmbly sithLhe-
Surtace Compopents that facila te
ApumpLnqpotioY
Ce) This PumpSystrm uses hthevest
ypes _compnentsthat 4nera bke
tpoca inqmotiorS adhich maKe ip
eaSyn_liff flhuids from botta to
the Suytace i a veydical mavem en
3TLis poLuerrd bya moto that
CauseS
he plungeyto Lwgk stwo-
stokee ie up dawn
Ihe maiacompOzentsof a_suckev
Rod Aisop area daKina beampowtY Shatt
CanksLolpter weiahshorsehead palished
od LmanamS4 amSay beaoS
5) A donmbale uckKey Rod pump is uSed_
on_OnShore Les Crate te agechanial
ting20iYIhismatio is (reate d
bya Seyies of alves pluogevsrod Stings
&rodsthat axe assem Lled toqehev
aS4pupLeq S e A SucKey Kod_

punpwayKs in_the ollowinq

 C) Aqotov geav ho_uos hepouwey
Shaf
Cn Courn ler weights_are addtd to the_cranks
a t e egd 4the caks lifl the coUy tey.
aeights-
Lii The pitmaxn apms Canpec theWalkisoq-
beanssiththe cqnks.-lhe bean then-
ingts louwer9 the Plusqer When tbe
Phunaey4 the horse head arelowered
t Coopletes dounstroke.
Ci) lhez the harsehead Poger ae lifte
up lhe fuisgels lifLed fo the bottog
to the suface This Completes the upstiske.
CNIThe fluid flow de teymairoeS the_operLeg-
clogins 0f the valves be standing yave
isaptned alhile the idizg valve ia clased
during4- he
heupstoKe Duio the dawstrokee
hestagdios alve qets_clesed the vidna
Valeis apeed
iagraa af SucKer _Rod Aioping
ALKING BEAM
HoRSE PITMAN ARM
HEAN
COUNTER V-BELT
GETGHT
BRIDLE PRIME£
MOVER

STUFEN77SAMSON
Box G7EAR
PoST REDUCER

TEE CRANK

GTAS owN HOLE

PUMP

OTL BEARLNG fERFORATTONS

ZonNEG
 TRAVELTNG
VALVE
ZAL
PUMP BARREL
STANDING
A VALVE
oIL OTL
UPSTROKE- DOWN S TROKE

SUCKER ROD PUMPNG

Q3 What are the BaSic quippen igolved

i n be transpartatiom of_the pelroleur
products alsa write dawn the funtins
of the eguifPe
ANS (1 EpeliesPipeline transport is thee-
lornq-d'stayce anspoxtation of a liquid
2S through aSysLem Ppes a
pipeline typically to a marKetareafor
Consunption the latest data £om Rol4
aiesa total of slighty less than
R 175, o00 mileS af pipeline 7 oCOUytreS
o f the warld

a ) Ma ige VeSSels _
Offshore ve5sels are_of several ypes
SOy e a f Jhe 2ain oces are Supply
ship essels that Supply to offsbore
Pipee layers
igS: Vessels egqa9eS i-
a Pipes Ca bles raoe Barges
of floa ing- Cranes A Craoe vessel
craoeship o floa-tien_Cranein a sbip-
GAith a caye specioli Zed n liffoq
Meayloads
 G) TanK Thucks A tank tnuck, qas tuck,
uel uck ortanker tuchO aokey
2 o t o v V e b i c l e d e s i g m e d o Carmy
s 4
liquidsor gSes n_oads lhe lages
Sulh yehicles are Similay o a i d
raad
tank_cars Which are also desiqoed o
exist
Camy iauid laads Many- Vaiants
due t the asidkyañeby Guids
Lhat Can be ansporttd-

Q5=hy Somge anKs_are useful Petnleu

ndusties Mentiom h e factars anWbith
h e desiqn a Storaqe tanks o r cnde o l
depends.
ANS Industial huel stokagetanKs are stan
dards_certified cootainers_ahichPAide
Safe staage af chermicals solvents,oil,
pe-tro_iesel otbe hazadous flamo-=
able iquids-
R Euel storaqeaKs estnct evaparahve -
CrossiooS as sell as Prevent_ay leakaqe
of lhe SubsBance_caeaioed it

Tbe factars_on dbich the desiq 0t Sorage-

LanKs_for cnde _aldepends-
Li Tbe type of _comstaucim Selected
for astoka4efor a Storaqe ttun Kdepends-
On the size af tank_yequired.
Lil L might_be dependtyt_o tbeyPe
of_ peroduct beiog Stored
Cii) The loca-tion Spa.ce _availa ble_far
tongeprtvailirq-Leatber or site =E
Spectic Comditian s
iv)Th local safety oK tnvdvon ental-
Lonsdtya tios.
 7 Mentidn the types of wells_here qas
lift a be Lansidered. Explain the Gas.
lift System.
ANSEhe naodrel _depibs far may gaS i t
Stallatiansai
ailh elieva ble-valve
aNdrels_are calculated _alth minimal
Gdel tomaion dighly deviated wells 4
thatPcoducesand4 hae bigh fogati
Ongas/liquid vatios are excellen
Eaqdidates for qas iA when_attificial-

CA)qas li£t Systex

i as lift i a method f adficial iL-
that ses an exlernal source al bigh=-
Pressue gasfor pplemeNtng fopatiy
qas to E t Hbe wellfuid-
LiiPinciple af qas _i£ i5 Lhatgas isejecled
iototbe ubing edces the déosia_of
the fluids ia tbe ubinq the bukbles
pave qSbbin actia apthe liquid-
Balh factor a l a lowe the-flouia29
attamhole presSUe 84P) a the
battom of the tubing-
iii) here-aretu basicypes of kas
Yn)adays-
)_EoqtinuouSflow s E L
LiIatevmittent flo as_l£L
DCoqunuous low gas
LiLCoqtiquous lau44S ifiskecaeom
lndes tor higb-valu9e pig h-Stanc
BHP wells q alhich_najo pumpinq4
pro blemS Could ocur dith otber q4ifi-
Cial lif mthod
e) t is_aa excellent applicatian fok
 -offshore formationS hat bave q Staog
lateydive on adatey-fload kes ervas
ithqaod PLS 4 hiqh GoR
(3 WheaqaS Cost i s JoNgasEE S5
especial attractive coqiuouSlow
qus liftis Spe cially ttacive
L4) CaptimouS-4low gaS fE Supple mertS-
he produced qasLuith_additanad qaS
ectim o Jouwey the itake pressu
the b i e keGultin loLuey tam=
ationpresSuë ag e l

Ce ntepraitLet Gas_ift
GThe_integittfytqas =ifE Metbod
ypically fsused q Lwellthat praduce
low valumpesof fluid appoximatelsK1S03
to 200 8/p)athaugh Soe-Systel
prodhuCe up_to Sod Bip
iiy ella lahich intemyittent is
kecomqpnded oqally hqse Lhe
Chaxacteistic S DE biah pra du.ctiity
indtx (PI) 3 bw boBfam-bale Preshue
LBHP)oK lou PI ath_bigh BHP-
i i ) Tqterqitttn t qas lift Can be usel t o
replaceContinlas gas_liff _onNalls
tha haxe deple bed louw rates a
LStd_ahen qas_wells haye dtpleted o
Ow ya fes4athigdered by liquid loadinq
VIGapd 4uality ,loLu-Cost quS 54pply is-
asailable fov ftin fhuids fom a
ela tively shallby high gas/ail aios
GOR,Low p , or lLu BHP_ellaith
bqdda ltq hatprolesgame Sand,
HeN 9ttyqitnt guS lEE aould be
_aY tX cellprnE choce
.8 Explain Lhe Gas field facility with
eat_diaga m
ANS raSfield faclity
Li) A A

qas facilit frycompasses_ne

equpment be tween he qas_ells *
the pipelioe O othey
binspatatian-
Athod._
Lheppas.e_of the qas adlity is ta
keroavt lmpunties g-cogtaminante
fG the gaS
Lili) Rermove liauid Salids 4prtpare the
94s,to eet tbe Sales kequirementss
of 4he purchasey

nctiom of a faclity
he oai unctio afq faalityis to4
iSeparae Lhe _il4aswater 4 golids..
i Delivey it ta the panSportation
Systtmlpipelioe, tnicKshup oy_kailroqd
Ca _
i The 4as ust be trealed for sales ov dispasad
dhehe pas_dispasal Sone timesmeant
flayinqo vetina
iv)No wqas- that_camood be trnspoxted
isUSually Cooprëss.edfar velqjectioa
t o L h e pestrvair
GaStrcatina aayinchude additiagal
procesSesSuch as
(a Coopres5im
(b dehydra tion
d)Gas processi to Condense heaviey
Lorapanentshat Ca be tra9spoyted
aS aliquid.
 GAS FIELD FA LTY
FRorN ADITIONL
SFPARATION AILITJES SCRUBBER
STORAGEE To|LP ShLES Low PRESSURE
oR FLARE VoL UME qHAMBER sCTION
FACILTTIES T REQuTRED Sys TE
REcHULAToR
donPRESSOR
ORIFJCE FLANGE
FOR HAs MEASURAMENT
SEPARATpR
SUBSUREACE GHoKE
OR ELE¢TRONC (oTROLLER AS REQUTRED
HighRESSURE
OIFICE FLANGG G7 AS INE
FRoM FR A5 EASUREENT
ADDIJIpNhL
FLL oR WELLS
AS FT
SEPARATOR
VA LYES REG DLTR
VoluME ((HABER
TF REQUIRED
PAdKER I
PUMA HP SALE
ADDITIoND 78UTDS PACKER
S7AS 1IFT WELL WELLS
NSTAILAT ION HTIGH PRESSURE GAS
WELL IF AVALBLE
 95 ahat iscompressor
Explain tbe ypesS-
Coropre55ars
ArsFLompresSor -A COmpre5Sor isa pechq2ical
dexicethal incrtases4he pessure_atagas
euCn9 volumeAn air _CoopresSOr
1S Specific ype ot9as- COapLSSOY
omppe $9or are
eSimilay t pumpS-both
aCrtasethepressure oo atlud 4 bo4h
Can kanspay4 the hud +hnughaPpe-
Reciprocatinq
Recipo
Coopressors
catin- CopreSSors USe_pistons dived
by canKGhaft. 7he_caY be eithey
haomany-
ionany a poyta ble Ca be Single
Y miultstaged Ca be_diven ky-
electric motos o mteal CobuStioA
engineS mall_yeciprocatin canpressoS
fon 5 to 3o (HP)are coomaply
Seen
-utomotie applicatiogS4àe typically
fov ndey mitei duty
a)oic liquid pistan lampre ssoY
An ldqc lhguid pisian_caapressoridNC
Covnpressar r io9icliquid piStao pUoapis4-
hydr9PnCmpre5Sor based on an_ldot
lisuipStoy as in qpsto-metal
diaphrag Ompes5.or

C3)Rotan SCrE Compres5aks

KotayGCreal ComPkessors Vse two
neshed otatio4 positive -dhsplaceaent
helicalSces o foce tbe gasrta a
nallerpaceIbese re _uSually used
fov CotinuoS operation n _cm2ercial-
indstnal appicahon * aan be tem 3-
hoisepoidey Ce.2 kw) tovey LLRoo
 Fpovst pawey (8IOK)4 m_lo pressye
toýoerately higb- pressure

c4)Rota Vane_CampreSsors-
RoLanVapeCampressars Cansi51 t a
otor i t h _ mber of blades_ nse
Led in a_larger housi29that i5_eithec
avcula Oka ore CoopleXShape As
fhe otav tums bladesslide. 4o
Caplex shape AS_Lhe otor s s,
bladeg s t e he_5lots Keepin9 Coyac
Glfh he atey Asal of t b e bousip9-
Thus aSenes_af inoeasin dtcreasib4
volupe g chealed by the kotati4
ades Roaky yane_CoopresSays
qe with pison _C2OL2PessavLS
Lhe ales_af conp ressak Lechnalaaies
(5 Scroll (opressaS
A 5olU npressoralsa Rpouwn aas
SCollPUop Srel Vaceu)puopuses
wo terleaved Spiral=[ke vamec s
puop a o2presSfuits ch_a9-
Iquid t qases The aeJeopetynay-
be in lute akchi medea2 Spial or
ybnlCunes
y bid hey_operate_more
5nthlyquietly 4 relia bly Lban sther
types o f Lopressors_ the_louwa.
Voune Vqng These_ Compres Sors _pae_q
e hi9h_vollmetic eHicje ncy

[E)Cexqihuqal Compressas
Leatnfuaal Lompessors uSe_akota4ib
disk ov impelley in a shaped bouSi
force lhegas to t b e ri m the
 pel)ejinteasin
qaS
the velocity-of the-
Ahffusev TechovNCgAVeASthe.
Velacity eneay to
lheyare pkm aiyphesSUrePmergY
used prtatiio-
uovSStationah- Senice in ihistns
Such ag oil
petrochemicad refneieschemical
plants 424tura qaSS
procesSinq plant Jhev applicetin
Can bt romm Loo horsepawe Z5hw-
tothouSaots of_borSepowey pult
ple st4gio tbeyanachiere high-
Output presSuLe qeeqter thqn-
1a0o ps (6 9 MPa
Explain the praCedure u.sed toselect the
Electrica Subrersible imp
ANSF_Nine-Step praceduse helps ane desiq the
apprapia pe- Submersible_pump9 S4StfY
fo a ayicular sell. Each of fhe Nge
5tepsis explained n be Sectiy that
folloul, cludia4 q49_calculatans 4yanablee
speed opeyatiosThe 9 5teps are listed
as follauw 5
Slep-1- Basic Data Collec 4 analyz
all the_owell datq fhat_sil be used m
Ahe sesiqn
Step-9 oduc tion Capa cby -De leymine
he well praduetiits atthe desired
unp Settlinq dtpth or deteinethe
wellprod the _desiredpupp
seio4 depth or de-teymine the pimp.
5ttting depth 4 the desiked produuctim
ate
Step-3 Gas cala la tio ns
Calaula Le
he £hid voluroeshnchudin9 gas at
the puvnp intake_Condtions.
 Sep-4TDH=Deteree the puep disechaxge
dischaxae-
Step -5- PumP IpeFoY a9ie_capacitu_
TDH selecL TePuopype tba
aill_have Lhebighesteficiency foythe
de sired1 louw rale.
Step-6-Optinm size of ComponeotS
aelectthe optimunS12e t puapP, mutay
SealSecion4Check_tquipro_eo
imitaio2s
Sep-7 Electricable= Select_the
Coe d yp e 5JZ e f able
slep-8i-A cesSoY 39ptionalEquipoe
Select tbe motór_lontaller, fraxsfanner,
ubin head 4 optiagad_equipmept
Step -9 The yaAble=Speedhmpln9
4gtem-for_additiornal_opexa iona
éxibiyselec Lbe vaiable-speed
Submersible pUmpio Sysex

.4 Derivt the equaiontopoLuler require-

ven HP of Lnplex _Aap.
ANS=he orK per Strohe forq sngle piS-b
W PApYL CH-lbs)

The ork pev ne kotation_ofaok is-

WP/pL_EiIisAottion
bere P: PressuLe CbzpR
LStroke Jeoqth L
D Pston Jiaoeter (f
husfor a zipl ex Pump, the theoretica

in
 Where Nis pmpn speed in Strshes
pey mjnute.The Eheoretical harsepoweris
HPh 3P (AD4) L Chp)
35ox6So
OY
HP 3 (70) LNLCbe
33,o00o
The ioput borsepuer needed fan Lhe
pime moeY 1S
HP 3P (7D) LNhp)

alhere e s the mechanical efhicnay

af th mechancal SySLe aostemd
pgw ektomLhe pame mavey f the
fluid ia the puop. V5ually er istakey
to beabou O 5
Theheoretical vahume_autput Sa q
baplix pump pey pesalutioq is

The tieopetical autput is bLe Is thus

6 4b04 LND
day

fov D L , ¥he
h0.35 JNJ ( b1
The real outpu of he pump_is depepd=
Pt on bow effticitstly Lhe puwp Ca2
fill the_chambers _of Lhe pistans_Vsia
Lhe ohumetrie _cffiLiency ey in Eq Z-
9es-

Say
O 0.0 eydN(galnin
asere P i5 usually takeq o be 0-88-og8
As_ the_a bavce vaip etncequata
-laq be witten ind lThen the
horsepoLwevequatia_an be _wntteq
n d,l, 4 pp5i),ThuS
HP-

33, OoO m
reduces t
HP PRIN
68.d 6Z m