Unt-3

Lift Irrigation
bigh -land areas , whee wat
In
Cannot flow by gravi ty
or manval eans
mechanvc
Dp by Some hom resecoir5, riveys
Such as Pump cte

La kes and ponds.

are procticed frem oPe

Lift irigation wells Nater pom
tube
dug) we ls and
.

ll Can be Ltted by
+he open dg)
we
a) anpowe r
power
b) Anim al
) nind mils
d) Pumps
(bore wels and tobe wells)
welsSubmersible pump ard
hater om deep
Can be LFted USig UmPs. foom srus
wt
Vertical turbine Centrgal Punps.
Carn be Up tecd by
anel lal<es
 Advardages of Li+ irrgation
4) Lift irerigotion Can be installed directy on

wit h Small investmert

ime
+he ferm at ay
he re
quired depih
2 Weteo can be appiecd t
whern it is time to irrgate
and
Seepage less and evaporton lass.
3 The re are.

alkalinity
) water Aogging Soil salirty and
reVentc.
Problems Cun be
powes is required
5 Les5 Man ayear
possible througheut
Irigoton is corjvthctive use
Intersive irrig atron wth
ncI Case yie kcs
Yesul+s in
cwith ttle r n
6 HelpFul in areaS

whch Py bacK
be gown,
9) Cash croPS Carioital investmnt made
For the high
aton
Disadvatagcs of_LiFt ing
complex pum7 Systen and
1) Need Fer
Power cquipment

Constant Power

9) High opereting Cost

Sand and silt ne-wat Can be used

4) ony
Otherwise pump Lig Such wats will gt camyo
 Com ponents of LIEt it rigation scheme
The maùn componen ts of bEt ingaton
Scheme are
i) Iota Ke stucture
i) Intake p) Pe
we ll
n) Tack well/ Purnp
iV) Pomp boUse
man accsSOTiS

v) Deivesy chamber
vi) Distibutior chamber
on-farm wetrdistrbution system
vi)
 Centnfugal pomp

Delivey
Pipe -oveshead
tank
Ha
Vaccum

-ImpeUor
H Prime
moto
Suctiun Pump
Pipes
Hs Caplig

t
Fout valve

I5 a non Positive ds pla Ceent

Centrifugal Pump
Pump. It wosKS on the Princeple ot Certgl
acton I t ConvertS Shaft Power into fleic
Power: The Selection opthe pump depends
variables Lke beac to be clevelo,
Uporn mar bande. and
ty pe Of +he plic to be cschge
Tequired.
hyh dchy
Centrfugal Pump many usedof for Efercnt
and lou) beaos. Tt coraist
Parts as
as shown in Pgure
1. Suction PiPe
2.. Impeler
3 Casia
4 Debvcy piPe
Krowr as -the
Centrfugal PumPS are com muny
works on he.
It
radial flow type pump
metion: The PocSSOre
Pinciple of verteu
v2
davelo ped by pump im pe llor

classipi cartior dt Certifugal Pums

llays
are clossiPed as
The centrifgal pump

i) volute pumps
Pumps 0r dfFusion pum
ii) Turbine

2) work bead
Centnfug al Pomp - thy
i) Low Ft
15 m.
against head opto
cent1fugal pump- Used to burld
ii) Medium ift 4o
as high as 40 m
Up beacs Used to deliver
bEt Certnfugal pump
Lquid at beacds above tomn.
Liquid handled
)3
i) cwsed impeler Pump
 i) Semi- open impe ler u m
i open impeller purn P
per shaft
4 Nombeo of impelers
CentrFgal PumpP hs onc inpellor
Single Stage has twU os more
Cerdifgal pump has
i) Multi stage irn pellor

NUmber of eotrances t the imPellor

5) wto i5
Suc tion Pump -’
i) Single enty or sirgle impellor
admitted on one side of the
or doble sucticn PumP ’ water js
ii) Doble enty impe lor
admittdrom both sides of the

direction of Tlow through impelerC

G) Relti ve
i) Radal Flow Pump
i) Anial flow mP
in) Mined Flow PumP
 Advartags of Centifugal Pomp
1. The Cost of Cen triFygal Pomp is lcss as it
has fewer parts
Irstllatior and maintenane are casie
2.
and cheaper:
is much gretthan
3- Tts dirchage capacisy
that of a reciprocatg PormP: and
and bas Smalles Siz
4-. It is Con Pat
the Same Capacity and ene
weight for
transfer
characterrstis ore Superior
5: Its Perormane
Vis(oS
empleyed fer bEtig gy
6 Tt Can be
paper plP, muddy and Sewg
Lquid Such as
woctr,oil etc
gh specd withoct
operatd at ve
7 Tt Carn be and cavibatren
Seproctrorn
ay cdanger of
electric metor
be cirec t by oupled te an
8 It Can
ergine Uform, the
on the pocwer SoCe i6
9. The torque also unform
From the pump is
Output
 ComPorent parts of centr Fugal pomp
A certri Fugal pump Corsist of Fellewirg main
Components
L. ImD ller
2 casiA
3 Sucton PIPe
4. Delivey PiPe
is wbeel(os rotor)
- An impe Uer
L)Tmpelles backward curved Vancs or
blaces).
with a Sesies of Usually coplecl
whch is
mountd on a shafFt
It is
electric motor
to an
thrce types
The impe ler
are of polleig
inpe les
Shrouded or clesed
a)
impeller
b Semi -open
Open impe Uer
9
urtght chamber
The Casi ller. Tt Comtains
impe
+he Pump
SorreundiA arangements , Supporting
Suction and dschage
faciitats to hoUse the roter
and
for beariAS purpse of @as9
are

The es6eotial
assernbly and em the impe ller
wattr to
a) To guide ehegy into
Convert the Kinete
portialy
Pressure enegY
 The follo wig type of osi are

emplayed
o) volute CoS? In this type of Casirg the.
arca of flaw produall increases from he inpeller
outlet to the dbvey Pipe so as to recuce the
yelocity of Flow
) Vorten Casg If a ciscular chambr is
Provided betweer tbe ime llar and the
volute chamber, the Casing is Knewn as voten
Casirg
> Casing with guide blade5 Tn this type of
Sourrouneded by a o
sesies of
Casing1 impeles is
whch is Known
guide blades mountd on a rig
as diPfUser.

3) Suction PiPe which onnects

The ipe
impcler to Sum om
the centre of the
as
which bguid is to be bted is Knewn
Io order to checK the imabon
Suctiorn P0Pe
tight
of air Pockets,the Pipe is Laid ar
To pre Vent the erdyy of sobd
partcles , debris
etc. into the Pumpthe Suctin Pipe is
Provided with feot valve. at t lower end
'guid to
The foot Valve donot Dermit the
drain ovt of the SUchon Pipe when Pum
 i5 na wor kin T6is aso belps in primig
Piming is a methed of rermovi9 Wr om the
SUction piPe.

4) Delvey Pipe The pipe which coonects he

Lower end to the outlet of the DUmp and
beight
it delvers the Lguid to the reguired
Pipe gulobing valve
A
as deliey
is Knewn as
is Povided on the dlivey Ppe to rgulet
the SupPply of Later
worKing of a Centifuga um
A Centrifygal pomP works on the principle
that when a certan mass o Flid is rotat

by an eutonal Source, it is thrown away em

a centifugal
+he central anus of rotcetron and a
to riSe to a
bead is impreSSed wbich enables it
highcs lavel.
TFe warkirg oF entrfgal Pomp is CHplaned step
wise belou)

The Valve is closed and the pomp i8

ie suction Pipe, Casing and porion of
Primed
delivery pipe pto the.
So tht
thct
Vlve arc
completay
ne ae Pocket
Filled with the bguid so
is left
Valve clescd, the clecric
2) keepi9 thestartecd
debreYto rotat the impeller.
motoris
incrased
impeller is
3) The speecd of the neral Sped
totats at its
til the impeller
develops normal eneY reguire d fer Pumpig
and
the bguid
impe les attains the nesmal speed,¢be
Afler the
operhed , the lguid is ortin vous!
valve is
dliy
Sucked Up the Suction Pipe, it Passes throug6
and ent eys the impeler.
the centte of Casig
THis Liguid isimpe led out by the rotatig Vanes
and it Cones out at the outlet tips of the Vangs
into the

Casing ,the bqurd pas5e5 into Pipe ad

5) From
is bpted to the requireod heght
given to the impellerand
is
6) So long as motion
oF bguid +he psocess of Log
there is Suppyy
L'quid to the required height remains
the iquid
Cortnuoys
when Pump is to be stepped. +he debvsy
deliy vabe
be
Sheuld be Pist closed othoru's e
resesVjor:
Some backlow rum the
 Head of Centrifyg al pumP
Pump nay
The bcad of a cortifygal Pump may be cprd
followig gs
i) Static bead
i) MahoetoC head
ar cffrchive head
ii) Total, gros5

Tbe Su of sUcto bead and

i) statc bead Tbe Sum
Knewn as Stote head. Itis
bead is
daliveg
represerted by Hstat

Hlgtat bd

hs Suction bead
where
hd= debivey head
cwhich
ii) Manometric head The head ggainst
to worK
Pump has to
a CentrifFugal Itis cdooted by tmano
bead
mano etic fellowing eKpreSion
is given by the folewing
= /Head imparted by th loss of heac
a Hrnano inpe ller to lqord inthe PumP/

(hthuc)
U2 . l u s
Vwy Uz s of bead in pumA
i5 Zerd
 where Vg
Vuw, = Velocity of whirl at outlet
Uz = Tang ertial velacit of the inpeller
at outlet
impeller
D, N D,=diarmeto of
ct outle t
60 N= Speed of impe ler in rpm

g= acelration ue to grov1ty
of bead a t the impelles
bLi = kess
io the
hLC= los of head

piPS
b) Hmano Hstoti + losss ir
23
=(hg+h) +(hs+hra) +
where
bs= Suction bead
hd= cubiay beacd
bead Less in the suctio
hes = frictiond
Pipe PiP
rctional head les in the
bpd =
liguid inceliey PPe
Vd= velscity of
Totl bead at out le t) totel hea d at io lot)
Hman of the Pump of the Pump

2 2
PL

where DrcSsUre head at outlet of Pump

 head at outlet of +he Pump
29 velocity
Vestical bt of +he Pump outet Trom the dotu
Zy =
Uoe

2
Perding Valucs of pessure head,
Z = Corrs bead t inlet
bead and datu
veociy
oP the Pomp

or effective bea d
i Totel gross us all t he bead
to the stotic head
Cqval tefere, through
io the Flew
after the impe Uer
and
LOSses in entm Fygal PumP
centi Fugal pomp operates,the varioys
When a ceotn

LoSses which occur are qs folloys

4 Hydrauic lusses:
pumP
i) Eiydrauie wSSeS in +he to
losses a the entance
a) shock or eddy
om the impe lle
and ent
frction in the impeler
5) Losses due to and
intheguide vans
Friction and cddy losses
Casig
other bydrauic lesses the Suctio
i and other
minos lesses io
a) Fnction
Pipe or dasses in the
Fiction and otheri
b)
Pipe

Mechani'cal losses :
2) oiction between the imbelle
disc
i) LOSscs due to AUs the clearance Space.
cwhch
and +he b'euid
the impe ller anal
between
to frchon oF the main
i
LOSses Der
rtainig
and glands.
3 Leakage Less: leakage Of
of 'guid is
te
The lors of eney due
Loss
IKnwn as
leakage
 Losses
pomp inthe Mechancal
lavses Hydrauic
losses
other
(Kw)
LOO0
WgHmano = ower(p) shart
tat = (K) ower(Kw)
(Kw) Poweri Output Trpeler
wer statt I
rt Delivesy exitCasing ImpeUer shaft
 EFficiencics of a Centfgal POmP
varioUs efficiencies of a Centrifyal PuA
The
are.

) Marome tric effioiency (mane)

i) volumctic efficeny(Mu)
iy Mechanical cfficieny (Mm)
iv) ove rall efficiny ("%)
eficensy(orno) The rabio of
) Manometric the pump tothe
develeped by
manemetic head igud 5
impe ller to the
bead impartcd by the
Known as arometric efRciy
Manometric head
nano Head imparted by impeler
to lguid

Hrmano gtmano
or
Mnano
of quantity
i) volumetric chficiensy( ) - The ratot#the
of Lquid discharged pes Second from Pumj

per Srconel throgh +he impe ller

to quartsy pussing
volumetric efficieny
is krewnas St conal foom the Pum
Liquid dischaged Per
My = Slarty of bguicd rssig per Seore thregh the
oF
impeller
Actual liquid dicharged
nhere Q=the pumP Per Seonc
of bguid Pes Secon
9=
4 leakage oF
hem he impeler
iuy Mechani ca eificieny (n) impeler tothe
ower delivered by the
Mm iquid
pomp Shaft
Power inPut to -the

or

i) overall eFiciengy (1)

Pump
Powes output ohe
PUmA
Power input to the

Hmano

Mmano My
characteristic s Curve of Centri fgal Pomp
four ty pes of characteristic
The
CUrve
Folwig
are re pared for ertifugal pum
curves
1. Main charnctcristic
Operatrng characteristic curves
2- or MUSchel Curves
3 constant ePPCicny CusveS
and constant dischaye
4 Constant bead

Chaacttrshc curves: I t is oh-tained qs

1. Man
Fellous
Corstat Speed and the
The pump is rurn at a
7 Varied over he desired rarge
is
dischage are ta ken for
manometic bead
Mea Surements discharge().
Power ( Rrcach
(Hmano) and shaft
are made For thep P Yeral effiy
calculatiors

between &and Hmanei and P;

plotted
’ The Curves are
and o Fer that speed
and Q runng the pmP
proledere is repeatd by
’ T5e Same .Speed
ad anether Obtained s shewo belo)
of (urve i7
’ Afamy
A
/50
6 0pm

K600 pm w50
P 0m

Pmano
500 Pm K 4 0r0
prm

400 Pm T 0 U r p m

t00
rpm
 2: opercting characterjstic Curves: when a
Centrfugal Dump operats at a desigh speed
+he aximu
maximum OCCos. For ophmum per
cfiiengy oCCUs
at the
formance, the pump needs to be operatecd
design speed. To obtain operabng characterishic
spced
Curves, the UmP is rUn at the design
and the discharge is
vabied The desgn diichage
are obtained rom the Correspondig rngf
and beacd
where the
cPicieny is maximum

Heacd (Hmano) SPeec N= orsart

Maximum
efficienct
EFficiencyMo)

A 4
Shapt Power
Hmano P
4 (P) Design
head
Mo
kDsign dighange
bischarge,Q’
or MuSchel Curves :
3- Corstant eftiCicncy
depict the
The Corstan t eficieny Corve5 ,
Derformance oF a Pump over i s ehtire rege
of operatton5
These cUrves are obtined Trom min charac teristic
CUrves as follouys
given efficicncy , the values of dscharg
’ For a projected on the
are obtined These points are

(Hmano) /s discharqe (9) for thad spccd.

head
anether Value of ePAcicncy and
’ Similory fosr prajected.
the oints are dbtained
and
Speed are

’ The points correspondig

to one
eficicn
joined.
obtained are +he Constant cfticienc
The Curves So
or Nugchel CUrVeS
is obtuned
’ Tbe Curve/ Line of maximum
eificien
is0-efFiciency
when +he peak Poiots of various
Cunves are join ed.
efPicieng
Line o
maximumcfAcing
constantines
efiig
Head
(Hmano)
Fo0t500 rppmm
400rp
4- Constant bead and constant schare Corvgs :
The Performance of a variable Speed pump fer
which +he speed Cons tan tly Yories Can be
cetomined by these Curves when the pom
has a Variable Speed, +he plot beteween g and
N, and Hmano and N be obtined. In
my
+he Prst Case Hman is Kept onstnt
and io Second Case, Q is Kept orstant
Soischarge).

Hmano= Corst
Z
Speed)’
(head)’
Hmano

Q=Corst

N(Speed)>