RAKUH/ SANDUMPARAN - A WALL BUILT OF NATURAL STONES OR BRICKS

BONDED TOGETHER USING LIME MORTAR.

9 - HOW MANY POSTS DOES THE BAY SINUG HAVE?

NAKA TAJUK PASUNGA - A SEA-SERPENT STYLE OF BARGEBOARD-END

DECORATION.

MANUK-MANUK PASUNG - SARI MANOK STYLE OF BARGEBOARD-END

DECORATION.

PANOLONG - RICHLY CARVED AND COLOURFUL END BEAM DESIGN THAT

FLARES UPWARD INTO SCULPTURED WINGS WITH EITHER NAGA
(SEA-SERPENT) OR PAKO RABONG (GROWING FERN) ORNAMENTATION.

LEPA - TRADITIONAL BADJAO BOAT-HOUSE.

TABON CAVE - IT WAS THE SITE TO FIRST ESTABLISH THE PRESENCE OF

HUMANS IN THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE PLEISTOCENE.

PINANAHANG - LEAN-TO OF THE AGTA PALANAN.

MALIPAN - WOODEN DISK OF ABOUT 2-14 INCHES THICK AND 36-40 INCHES IN
DIAMETER PLACED ALONG THE UPPER PORTION OF THE POST TO PREVENT
RATS FROM ENTERING THE HOUSE.

KALINGA TREE HOUSE - PHILIPPINE EARLY SHELTER THAT IS A TREE 60 FT

ABOVE TO PREVENT ATTACK FROM ANIMALS & HUMANS.

DATAGGON - THE CENTRAL AREA FOUND IN THE LOWER KALINGA HOUSE..

DATAG / XASSARAN - MAIN SECTION OF BINUORON HOUSE

TAMUYON - SLIGHTLY RAISED PLATFORM OF BINURON HOUSE."

BINURON - TRADITIONAL ISNEG HOUSE, ROOF IS INVERTED HULL AND

EXPOSED FLOOR JOIST.

KATYUFONG - BONTOC HOUSE FOR THE POOR FAMILY

KOL- LOB - BONTOC HOUSE FOR WIDOWS AND UNMARRIED OLD WOMAN

SIPI - SLIGHTLY ELEVATED SECTION OF BINAYON HOUSE

TRADITIONAL IVATAN HOUSE - MADE OF 0.75 M. THICK STONE OF LIME WALL
WITH THICK THATCHED ROOF MADE OF SEVERAL LAYERS OF COGON AND
HELD TOGETHER REEDS AND RATTAN TO WITHSTAND FIERCEST TYPHOONS IN
THE NORTH.

TOROGAN - IN PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE, IT IS CONSIDERED THE HOME OF

THE SULTANS. CARVED ON THE WOODEN POSTS IN THE NIYAGA, A STYLIZED
MYSTICAL SNAKE DESIGN CAN BE FOUND. IT IS THE TRADITIONAL RESIDENCE
OF THE REIGNING SULTAN OF MARANAO PEOPLE AND HIS FAMILY.

CUBO - THE BAHAY KUBO IS ONE OF THE MOST ILLUSTRATIVE AND

RECOGNIZED ICONS OF THE PHILIPPINES. THE NAME OF THE PRIMITIVE NIPA
HUT IS ACTUALLY BASED ON THE SPANISH PHRASE, MEANING CUBE

SILID - PART OF BAHAY KUBO: IT IS A PRIVATE ROOM USED FOR SLEEPING

BALE - THE TRADITIONAL IFUGAO HOUSE; AN ELEVATED SQUARE AND

WINDOWLESS ONE-ROOM STRUCTURE DOMINATED BY A HIGH, HEAVY,
PYRAMIDAL ROOF.

BINAYON - THE TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN AN OCTAGONAL LAYOUT OR PLAN. IN

APAYAO.

BULWAGAN - PART OF BAHAY KUBO: BULWAGAN. IT IS THE AREA RESERVED

FOR ENTERTAINING GUESTS.

BATAKUI - PART OF BAHAY KUBO: THIS IS THE UNROOFED ARE WHERE WATER
JARS (USED FOR DRINKING, WASHING AND BATHING ARE KEPT)

DJENGING - TRADITIONAL BADJAO BOAT-HOUSE ROOFED WALL BY WOODEN

BOARDS

LAMIN - LADY'S DORMITORY TOWER OF A MARANAO HOUSE

MALA-A-WALAI - TRADITIONAL LARGE MARANAO HOUSE.

DAPOGAN - PART OF BAHAY KUBO: IT IS A TABLE ON TOP WHICH IS A

RIVERSTONE, SHOE SHAPED STOVE OR KALAN

PAGLUTUAN OR GILIR - PART OF BAHAY KUBE: IT IS THE KITCHEN OR

COOKING AREA

REDUCCION - THIS AIMED TO CONSOLIDATE COLONIAL CONTROL OVER

PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES BY COMPELLING PROMINENT
INDIVIDUALS TO RELOCATE INTO POBLACIONES WITHIN HEARING DISTANCE OF
CHURCH-BELL.

INTRAMUROS - LATIN FOR "INSIDE THE WALLS") IS THE

0.67-SQUARE-KILOMETER (0.26 SAMI) HISTORIC WALLED AREA WITHIN THE
CITY OF MANILA, THE CATALOF THE PHILIPPINES.

INSURALES - THE SPECIFIC TERM GIVEN TO CRIOLLOS (FULL-BLOODED

SPANIARDS BORN IN THE COLONIES) BORN IN THE PHILIPPINES OR THE
MARIANAS

CALASIAO CHURCH - THE ORIGINAL CHURCH WAS DESTROYED BY AN

EARTHQUAKE AND FIRE IN 1736 DURING THE PALARIS REVOLT. THE PRESENT
CHURCH, CONSTRUCTED WITH BRICKS, WAS BUILT IN 1753 UNDER THE
SUPERVISION OF FATHER DALMAU.

ARQUITECTURA MESTIZA - A NEW-HYBRID TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMBINING WOOD AND STONE.

CALLADO - A WOODEN FRETWORK FOUND ON TOP OF PARTITIONS IN

NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE - DESCRIBES BUILDINGS THAT ARE

INSPIRED BY THE CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE OF ANCIENT GREECE AND
ROME.

CUBETA - ALSO KNOWN AS PAIL SYSTEM.

GABALDON - IT IS THE TERM USED TO REFER TO HERITAGE SCHOOL

BUILDINGS IN THE PHILIPPINES BUILT DURING THE AMERICAN COLONIAL ERA

TOMAS MAPUA - FIRST REGISTERED ARCHITECT IN THE PHILIPPINES.

ZIGZAG MODERNE - IT IS USED IN ART DECO ARCHITECTURE TO MAKE

QUALITIES OF HEIGHT MORE PRONOUNCED AND IS AN OBVIOUS CHOICE FOR
TOWERING STRUCTURES

STREAMLINE MODERNE - IT IS A TYPE THAT APPEARS TO BE THE MOST

MODERNISTIC OF THE THREE ART DECO ARCHITECTURAL TYPES. IT IS EASILY
IDENTIFIED THROUGH THE STYLES DEAN, SMOOTH LINES WHICH CONVEY
AERODYNAMIC QUALITIES. THEY ARE TYPICALLY BOX-LIKE IN APPEARANCE
AND HAVE FLAT STRUCTURES.
PENSIONADO PROGRAM - A SCHOLARSHIP LAUNCHED BY THE
GOVERNMENT THAT ALLOWED FILIPINO STUDENTS TO PURSUE UNIVERSITY
EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES

PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF THE ARCHITECTS - IT IS AN ARCHITECTURAL

SOCIETY IN THE PHILIPPINES AND IS THE OLDEST ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY IN
ASIA.

ESCALERA - A WOODEN STAIRCASE IN BAHAY NA BATO.

ENCOMIENDA - A SPANISH LABOUR SYSTEM THAT REWARDED CONQUERORS

WITH THE LABOUR OF CONQUERED NON-CHRISTIAN PEOPLES.

LAWS OF THE INDIES - THIS IS THE ENTIRE BODY OF LAWS ISSUED BY THE
SPANISH CROWN FOR THE AMERICAN AND ASIAN POSSESSIONS OF ITS
EMPIRE. THEY REGULATED SOCIAL, POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS, AND ECONOMIC
LIFE IN THESE AREAS.

SYSTEM OF CITIES AND TOWNS -THE INSTITUTION OF A HIERARCHAL

SETTLEMENT SYSTEM

EXTRAMUROS - IT IS OUTSIDE THE (CITY) WALLS OUTSIDE THE (RELIGIOUS)

COMMUNITY

PENINSULARES - IT IS DEFINED AS SPANIARDS LIVING IN THE SPANISH

COLONIES WHO WERE BORN IN SPAIN.

PUEBLOS - VILLAGES OUTSIDE THE WALLS

PARIAN- A SEPARATE URBAN QUARTER DESIGNATED TO THE CHINESE

COMMUNITY

DILAO - A SEPARATE URBAN QUARTER DESIGNATED TO THE JAPANESE

COMMUNITY

BASILICA MINORE DEL SANTO NINO - IT IS THE FIRST CHURCH EVER

ESTABLISHED IN THE PHILIPPINES IN 1525 AFTER THE SECOND ATTEMPT BY
THE SPANIARDS TO "CHRISTIANIZE" THE COUNTRY.

SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH - THE FIRST AND ONLY ALL STEEL CHURCH IN ASIA

ROMANESQUE REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE - THE ARCHITECTURAL STYLE OF

MANILA CATHEDRAL
NEO GOTHIC -THE ARCHITECTURAL STYLE OF SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE - THE ARCHITECTURAL STYLE OF BARASOAIN

CHURCH

FORTRESSES - CHARACTERIZED BY HEAVY STONE WALLS, MOATS AND GRID

LAYOUT

BAHAY NA BATO - A HOUSING PROTOTYPE WHICH COMBINED ELEMENTS OF

THE INDIGENOUS AND HISPANIC BUILDING TRADITIONS

ORATORIO - PART OF BAHAY NA BATO; A PRAYING AREA

CAIDA - PART OF BAHAY NA BATO; A TRANSITION SPACE RIGHT AFTER THE

STAIR

COMEDOR - PART OF BAHAY NA BATO; DINING AREA

NEOGOTHIC - IT'S CHARACTERISED BY POINTED ARCHES, RIB VAULTS, LARGE

WINDOWS, WITH STAINED GLASS, FLYING BUTTRESES. ORNATE DECORATION
ON BULLDINGS LIKE GARGOYLES OR STATUES OF SAINTS, AND MORE.

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT - IT WAS A REFORM PHILOSOPHY OF NORTH

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING THAT FLOURISHED DURING
THE 1890S AND 1900S WITH THE INTENT OF INTRODUCING BEAUTIFICATION

WILLIAM PARSONS - ARCHITECT OF PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL

DANIEL BURNHAM - WAS A MAJOR PROPONENT OF CITY BEAUTIFUL

MOVEMENT

DANIEL BURNHAM - WHO PROPOSED THE PLAN FOR MANILA BUT NEVER
REALISED THIS AMERICAN ARCHITECT IS ALSO KNOWN FOR HIS WORKS IN
BAGUIO CITY?

TSALET - DEFINED AS "THE CROSSBREED OF THE TROPICAL FEATURES OF

VERNACULAR BUILDINGS WITH HYGIENIC STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES AND
MODERN MATERIALS.

FERROCONCRETE - BUILDING MATERIAL MADE FROM PORTLAND CEMENT

CONCRETE WITH A MATRIX OF STEEL BARS OR WIRES (REBARS) TO INCREASE
ITS TENSILE STRENGTH.
KAHN TRUSS SYTEM - CONSISTED OF VISUALLY DISTINCTIVE ROLLED
DIAMOND-SHAPED BARS WITH FLAT-PLATE FLANGES (OR "WINGS") THAT WERE
SLICED AND BENT UP AT REGULAR INTERVALS AT APPROXIMATELY 45
DEGREES FROM THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF THE REINFORCEMENT.

SANITARY BARRIO - THIS NEIGHBOURHOOD CONCEPT, WHICH INTEGRATED

SANITATION SYSTEMS IN MASS HOUSING, PROMOTED SANITARY LIVING, AND
ENFORCED BUILDING STANDARDS

CARLOS BARRETO - FIRST FILIPINO ARCHITECT WITH AN ACADEMIC DEGREE

FROM ABROAD: FIRST PENSIONADO.

ANTONIO TOLEDO - ARCHITECT OF LEYTE PROVINCIAL CAPITOL.

ARCADIO ARELLANO - FIRST FILIPINO TO BE EMPLOYED BY THE AMERICANS

AS ONE OF THEIR ARCHITECTURAL ADVISORS.

JUAN ARELLANO - ARCHITECT OF POST OFFICE BUILDINGS

JUAN ARELLANO - ARCHITECT OF METROPOLITAN THEATRE

JUAN NAKPIL - THE FIRST NATIONAL ARTIST OF ARCHITECTURE

ART DECO - ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER OF METROPOLITAN THEATRE

ECLECTIC -ARCHITECTURAL STYLE IN WHICH A SINGLE PIECE OF WORK

INCORPORATES A MIXTURE OF ELEMENTS FROM PREVIOUS HISTORICAL
STYLES TO CREATE SOMETHING THAT IS NEW AND ORIGINAL.

NEO VERNACULAR - NOSTALGIC ATTEMPT TO RECREATE STYLE FROM THE

PAST. "FOLK ARCHITECTURE "AND THE BAHAY KUBO BECAME ARCHITECTURAL
ARCHETYPES.

JUAN NAKPIL - AWARDED AS THE FIRST NATIONAL ARTIST FOR

ARCHITECTURE IN 1973, HE WORKED LARGELY IN THE ART DECO STYLE,
COMBINING STYLIZED FIARA AND ANGULAR FORMS.

FRANCISCO MANOSA - A FILIPINO ARCHITECT CONSIDERED ONE OF THE

MOST INFLUENTIAL FILIPINO ARCHITECTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY FOR HAVING
PIONEERED THE ART OF PHILIPPINE NEO-VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE. HIS
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE LED
TO HIS RECOGNITION AS A NATIONAL ARTIST OF THE PHILIPPINES FOR
ARCHITECTURE IN 2018.
THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPINES- IS AN ORDER
BESTOWED BY THE PHILIPPINES ON FILIPINOS WHO HAVE MADE SIGNIFICANT
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE ART

THE UNITED ARCHITECTS OF THE PHILIPPINES -THE INTEGRATED AND

ACCREDITED PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION OF ARCHITECTS, IS THE
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR ARCHITECTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

MODERN ARCHITECTURE - IT WAS AN ARCHITECTURAL MOVEMENT OR

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE BASED UPON NEW AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
OF CONSTRUCTION, PARTICULARLY THE USE OF GLASS, STEEL, AND
REINFORCED CONCRETE.

THIN SHELL- A THREE-DIMENSIONAL CURVED PLATE STRUCTURE OF

REINFORCED CONCRETE.

PIERCED SCREEN - MASONRY THAT IS PERFORATED, PIERCED, OR

LATTICE-LIKE; FUNCTIONED MAINLY AS DIFFUSERS OF LIGHT AND DOUBLED AS
EXTERIOR DECORATIVE MESHES.

FOLDED PLATE - ROOF STRUCTURE THAT IS FORMED BY JOINING FLAT, THIN

SLABS ALONG THEIR EDGES.

BRISE SOLEIL - AN ARCHITECTURAL BAFFLE DEVICE PLACED OUTSIDE

WINDOWS OR PROJECTED OVER THE ENTIRE SURFACE OF A BUILDING'S
FAÇADE.

EDUARDO CALMA - WHO IS THE ARCHITECT OF THE DLSU-CSB SCHOOL OF

FINE ART AND DESIGN, MANILA

SOM - INTERNATIONAL PARTNER FOR THE DESIGN OF THE RCBC PLAZA

(YUCHENGCO TOWER) IN AYALA AVENUE

PHILIPPINES 2000 - A SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROGRAM OF FORMER PHILIPPINE

PRESIDENT FIDEL V. RAMOS, THE PLAN ENVISIONED THE PHILIPPINES
ACHIEVING A NEWLY INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRY STATUS BY THE YEAR 2000
AND BEYOND.

ARQUITECTONICA - INTERNATIONAL PARTNER FOR THE DESIGN OF PACIFIC

PLAZA TOWER IN TAGUIG CITY

CESAR CONCIO - ARCHITECT OF THE CHURCH OF THE RISEN LORD, UP

DILIMAN
ANGEL NAKPIL - THE PIONEERS OF THE BAUHAUS SCHOOL, ONE OF THE
FIRST ARCHITECT OF THE PHILIPPINES

RECIO + CASAS ARCHITECTS - FILIPINO COUNTERPART/ AOR OF THE

PACIFIC PLAZA TOWER

JOSE MARIA ZARAGOZA - ARCHITECT OF THE SHRINE OF OUR LADY OF THE

MIRACULOUS MEDAL

RIVER OF LIFE - THE TERRAZZO FLOOR MURAL OF THE 1997 NATIONAL

ARTIST FOR PAINTING ARTURO LUZ. THE CONCEPT SEEMS TO HAVE THE
SPIRIT OF CHRISTIANITY

NAPOLEON ABUEVA - THE CROSS DEPICTING BOTH A SUFFERING AND A

RISEN CHRIST AND THE MARBLE ALTAR

VICENTE MANANSALA - 15 MURALS DEPICTING THE STATIONS OF THE

CROSS THAT ADORN THE CIRCULAR WALLS ARE BY

66M - WHAT IS THE HEIGHT OF QUEZON MEMORIAL SHRINE

OTILLIO ARELLANO - DESIGNED THE SALAKOT- INSPIRED PHILIPPINE

PAVILION FOR THE 1964 NEW YORK'S FAIR

TANGHALANG FRANCISCO BALAGTAS - ARENA TYPE, 10,000 SEAT THEATER

CONSTRUCTED WITHIN 77 DAYS

FROILAN HONG - ARCHITECT OF THE MANILA FILM CENTER

I.M. PEI - INTERNATIONAL PARTNER FOR THE DESIGN OF THE ESSENSA

TOWERS IN TAGUIG, METRO MANILA

MICHEAL GRAVES - INTERNATIONAL PARTNER FOR THE WORLD TRADE

EXCHANGE IN BINONDO, MANILA

JUAN NAKPIL - AWARDED AS THE FIRST NATIONAL ARTIST FOR

ARCHITECTURE IN 1973

LEANDRO LOCSIN - ANOTHER NATIONAL ARTIST KNOWN FOR ITS USE OF

CONCRETE AND INTERPLAY OF FLOATING VOLUMES AS AN ABSTRACT

FRANCISCO MAÑOSA - CONSIDERED AS ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL

ARCHITECTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY, PIONEER THE ART OF NEO-VERNACULAR
WV COSCOLLUELA & ASSOCIATES - FILIPINO COUNTERPART FOR RCBC
PLAZA

NAYONG FILIPINO - A MINIATURE VILLAGE SIMULATING THE FOLK ART AND

ARCHITECTURE

FELIPE MENDOZA - WHO IS THE ARCHITECT OF THE BATASANG PAMBANSA

BUILDING

PARISH OF THE HOLY SACRIFICE - ONLY STRUCTURE IN THE COUNTRY

WHERE THE WORKS OF FOUR NATIONAL ARTIST CAN BE FOUND
DAVAO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - ALSO KNOWN AS FRANCISCO BANGOY
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

NATIONAL ARTS CENTER - ALSO KNOWN AS THE TANGHALANG MARIA

MAKILING

FRANCISCO RICCARDO MONTI - IN CAPITOL THEATER, MOST PROMINENT

ELEMENT OF THE FACADE ARE THE RELIEFS OF TWO FILIPINA MUSES DONE BY

RIZAL SHRINE - IN CALAMBA, A REPRODUCTION OF THE ORIGINAL

TWO-STOREY HOUSE WHERE JOSE RIZAL WAS BORN

GALA-RODRIGUEZ HOUSE - A HOUSE WITH ART DECO INFLUENCES. OWNED

BY DR. ISIDRO RODRIGUEZ AND DONA GREGORIA GALA

PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS - IT IS AN ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY

IN THE PHILIPPINES AND IS THE OLDEST ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY IN ASIA.

INSULAR LIFE BUILDING - FIRST OFFICE BUILDING TO SURPASS THE OLD

HEIGHT RESTRICTION IN MAKATI CBD

PICACHE BUILDING - CONSIDERED AS THE FIRST SKYSCRAPER IN THE

PHILIPPINES

MERALCO BUILDING - FIRST BUILDING TO RISE ALONG ORTIGAS AVENUE

JORGE RAMOS - ARCHITECT OF GSIS BUILDING IN PASAY CITY

CARLOS SANTOS VIOLA - ARCHITECT OF IGLESIA NI CRISTO, CENTRAL IN

QUEZON CITY