MID SEMESTER TEST

SEMANTICS & PRAGMATICS

2 credits
150 minutes

Nama: Fairuzi Esa Fatin

NIM: 21019011
NK-2

I. Explain the Truth Relations in the following sentences. (20 points)

1. a. I swept the floor.
b. The floor was clean.
=> c. I swept the floor then the floor was clean.
If 1a and 1b are true, 1c is also true. If 1a and 1b are false, 1c is also false. if 1a is true and 1b is
also false, 1c will be false. If 1a is false and 1b is true, 1c will be false. If 1a and 1b are false, 1c
can be false.

2. You must run away from this town or the police will catch you.
=> p: you must run away from this town
q: the police will catch you
p q p -> q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T

3. Michael will see a doctor on Saturday or Monday.

=> p: Michael will see a doctor on Saturday
q: Michael will see a doctor on Monday
p q p Ve q
T T F
T F T
F T T
F F F

4. John will be happy if and only if he is able to win the race.

=> p: john will be happy
q: if he is able to win the race
the relation between this sentence is Biconditional.
p q p≈q
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T

5. a. Shanti’s uncle bought a beautiful large house last month.

b. Shanti has an uncle.
=> the relation between this sentence is Presupposition.
p q
T —> T
F —> T
T or F <— T

II. What a lexeme means depends on what it occurs with and also what it contrasts with. What
colors does red contrast with in these collocations? (18 points)
1. a red apple = This is not a contrast because apples do have a red color
2. a red traffic light = This is not a contrast because the traffic lights do have a red color
 3. a red line = This contrast because usually the line has another color like white

III. What kind of antonyms that are found in the following pairs? Explain. (6 points)
a. pass and fail = complementary
b. hit and miss = complementary
c. employer and employee = relational
d. much and little = gradable
e. possible and impossible = complementary
f. take and give = relational

IV. Analyze the structural ambiguity found in the following sentences. (20 points)
a. This is a new government’s decision. = Ambiguity between the new government and
the new government rules
b. The participants are old men and women = The participants are elderly men and
women or elderly men and women.
c. Joseph picked up a man with a broken leg. = Ambiguous between Joseph who broke
his leg or a man who broke his leg
d. The sick pet was taken to a small animal hospital. = The distinction between a small
animal hospital and a small animal hospital is ambiguous.
e. The postman left a letter and a package for Jennifer. = The letters and packages were
either directly or indirectly delivered by the postman.
.
V. Explain the meaning of the adjective “happy” in the following phrases. (12 points)
a. a happy drama : a happy drama here means the drama has a happy ending
b. a happy student : a happy student here means that the student lives his school world well
and correctly, therefore he is happy
c. a happy life : a happy life here means he lives his life happily, he can deal with all
problems well

VI. What kind of figurative language used in the following sentences. (24 points)
a. The hockey player lost his control when the puck ran across the ice. (personification)
b. The snow on the ski hill was powdered sugar. (metaphor)
c. The coach was as upset as a lion when his team lost the game. (simile)
d. Freddy French fired five fabulous free throws. (alliteration)
e. The snowmobile was a rocket in the newly fallen snow. (metaphor)
f. The running shoes danced as the runner neared the finish line. (alliteration)
g. “Bang!” went the gun as the race started. (onomatopoeia)
h. Steven boxes in the light-heavyweight division. (oxymoron)
i. Spotlighting several special sports shows seems significant for TV. (alliteration)
j. After the marathon, the runner was thirsty enough to drink the ocean. (hyperbole)
k. The golf ball walked gently into the ninth hole. (personification)
l. The team members remained as cool as cucumbers after the game. (simile)